inborn error of metabolism: Symptoms and effects on the brain: …disease often appears clinically as encephalopathy (abnormal brain function and structure). Encephalopathy reflects the accumulation of an otherwise normal metabolite that becomes toxic when present in excess concentration. An example is the extreme elevation of the amino acid phenylalanine that accompanies a congenital defect of phenylalanine hydroxylase, the mutant enzyme…

Amy Adams: Breakthrough and stardom: …later successes as Giselle in Enchanted (2007), an animated and live-action film about a fairy-tale princess in New York City, and as Sister James in Doubt (2008), for which she received another Academy Award nomination. In 2008 she also starred in the comedy Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day and…

Joan Plowright: Film and TV: …as a haughty know-it-all in Enchanted April (1991), Plowright was nominated for a best supporting actress Academy Award. In 1992 she earned acclaim for the HBO TV movie Stalin, in which she portrayed Joseph Stalin’s mother-in-law. Plowright later played Mrs. Fairfax in Jane Eyre (1996). In 1999 she starred with…

enchanter’s nightshade, any herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Circaea, in the evening primrose family (Onagraceae), that occurs in damp woodlands of the Northern Hemisphere. The plants have slender stems with opposite leaves. The small, white, two-petaled flowers grow in clusters, and the

Guillaume Apollinaire: His first volume, L’Enchanteur pourrissant (1909; “The Rotting Magician”), is a strange dialogue in poetic prose between the magician Merlin and the nymph Viviane. In the following year a collection of vivid stories, some whimsical and some wildly fantastic, appeared under the title L’Hérésiarque et Cie (1910; “The…

Salman Rushdie: Post-fatwa writings: …of the Indian subcontinent, and The Enchantress of Florence (2008), based on a fictionalized account of the Mughal emperor Akbar. The children’s book Luka and the Fire of Life (2010) centers on the efforts of Luka—younger brother to the protagonist of Haroun and the Sea of Stories—to locate the titular…

Stoicism: Later Roman Stoicism: The Encheiridion (Manual) of Epictetus and the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius furthered the sublime and yet personal consolation of the Stoic message and increasingly showed the strength of its rivalry to the burgeoning power of the new Christianity. The mark of a guide, of the religious teacher,…

Arrian: …work by Arrian is the Encheiridion (“Manual”), a manual of the teachings of Epictetus, the Stoic philosopher whose disciple Arrian was. This work was much used in the Middle Ages as a guide to the principles of the monastic life.

Enchi Fumiko was a Japanese novelist best known for her depiction of women’s struggles within Japanese society. Enchi Fumiko was the daughter of Ueda Kazutoshi, a prominent professor of Japanese linguistics at Tokyo University. Even as a small child, she accompanied her father to Kabuki

enchilada, savory Mexican dish traditionally consisting of a rolled corn tortilla filled with meat and other ingredients that is then covered in chili sauce and baked. Other fillings in addition to meat that are common in enchiladas include beans, cheese, potatoes, seafood, and a variety of

Francis Quarles: His first prose work, Enchiridion (1640), was a highly popular book of aphorisms. In the English Civil Wars he is said to have suffered for his allegiance and for writing The Loyall Convert (1644), a pamphlet defending Charles I’s position.

English literature: Late 10th- and 11th-century prose: …several Latin works and the Enchiridion, a textbook on the calendar, notable for its ornate style. Numerous anonymous works, some of very high quality, were produced in this period, including homilies, saints’ lives, dialogues, and translations of such works as the Gospels, several Old Testament books, liturgical texts, monastic rules,…

Johann Eck: His treatise entitled Enchiridion Against the Lutherans (1525) was a summary of contested Catholic beliefs, Protestant objections to them, and answers to these difficulties. The Enchiridion proved to be the most popular of Eck’s works and went through 91 editions in various languages before 1600, making it the…

Erasmus: The wandering scholar: …was Enchiridion militis Christiani (1503/04; Handbook of a Christian Knight). In this work Erasmus urged readers to “inject into the vitals” the teachings of Christ by studying and meditating on the Scriptures, using the spiritual interpretation favoured by the “ancients” to make the text pertinent to moral concerns. The Enchiridion…

Saint Nicodemus the Hagiorite: His Enchiridion of Counsels (1801), a handbook on the religious life, continues to guide modern Greek spirituality. He was proclaimed a saint by the Greek Orthodox church in 1955.

enchondroma, solitary benign cartilaginous tumour that occurs mostly in the shafts of bones of the hands and feet, usually between adolescence and about age 50. Enchondromas are slow-growing tumours. As they grow, they expand and thin the cortex of the parent bone, producing considerable deformity.

enchondroma: …with the lesions produced in enchondromatosis (also called Ollier disease).

Francesco Selmi: ” Selmi’s Enciclopedia di chimica scientifica e industriale, 11 vol. (1868–81), was the first encyclopaedia of chemistry published in Italian.

encyclopaedia: The 20th century and beyond: The Enciclopedia europea was released in Milan between 1976 and 1984. Although consisting largely of brief articles, it had numerous signed long articles of good quality. In Germany the three giants of the German encyclopaedia world—Brockhaus, “Meyer,” “Herder”—continued to produce new editions in the 20th century.

Enciclopedia italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti, (Italian: “Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Letters, and Arts”), major encyclopaedia of Italy, containing 35 volumes of text and a one-volume index. Work on the encyclopaedia began in 1925 and the volumes were published serially from 1929 to 1936;

encyclopaedia: The 20th century and beyond: Another major Spanish encyclopaedia, the Enciclopedia labor (first issued 1955–60), devoted one volume each to major subject areas, and an index volume provided the key to the total contents. This encyclopaedia was notable for the attention it paid to every Spanish-speaking part of the world.

Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeoamericana, encyclopaedia published in Madrid, an outstanding reference work of 70 volumes—published between 1905 and 1933—plus a series of supplements. Spanish and Spanish-American biography and gazetteer information are especially strong. Major

Pamplona: …each morning by the famous encierro—“enclosing”—or, more commonly, “running” of the bulls, when they are driven through the streets behind crowds of skillfully dodging men and boys.

Juan del Encina was a playwright, poet, priest, and composer of secular vocal music, who was the first Spanish dramatist to write specifically for performance. After youthful training as a chorister at Salamanca cathedral (c. 1484) and at the University of Salamanca (before 1490), Encina entered

Sunnyvale, city, Santa Clara county, western California, U.S. Adjacent to the cities of Santa Clara and Mountain View, Sunnyvale lies at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, near San Jose. Settled in 1850, it was known as Murphy’s Station (later as Encinal), but it was renamed Sunnyvale in 1912

data encryption, the process of disguising information as “ciphertext,” or data unintelligible to an unauthorized person. Conversely, decryption, or decipherment, is the process of converting ciphertext back into its original format. Manual encryption has been used since Roman times, but the term

Wassily Kandinsky: Munich period: …practically abstract; with the 1911 Encircled, there has definitely developed a kind of painting that, though not just decoration, has no discernible point of departure in the depiction of recognizable objects. After that come such major works as With the Black Arch (1912), Autumn II (1912), and

Vasco Núñez de Balboa: Career in the New World: …on an expedition organized by Martín Fernández de Enciso (1510) to bring aid and reinforcements to a colony founded by Alonso de Ojeda on the coast of Urabá, in modern Colombia. The expedition found the survivors of the colony, led by Francisco Pizarro, but Ojeda had departed. On the advice…

Encke’s Comet, faint comet having the shortest orbital period (about 3.3 years) of any known; it was also only the second comet (after Halley’s) to have its period established. The comet was first observed in 1786 by French astronomer Pierre Méchain. In 1819 German astronomer Johann Franz Encke

Johann Franz Encke: …known for his discovery of Encke’s Division, in the outermost ring of Saturn. From observations of the transits of Venus recorded in 1761 and 1769, he derived a value for the solar parallax (in effect, for the Sun’s distance from the Earth) that, at 8″.57, is close to the presently…

Johann Franz Encke: …known for his discovery of Encke’s Division, in the outermost ring of Saturn. From observations of the transits of Venus recorded in 1761 and 1769, he derived a value for the solar parallax (in effect, for the Sun’s distance from the Earth) that, at 8″.57, is close to the presently…

Johann Franz Encke was a German astronomer who in 1819 established the period of the comet now known by his name (see Encke’s Comet). Encke was educated at Hamburg and the University of Göttingen, where he worked under the direction of Carl Friedrich Gauss. In 1816 Encke became assistant at the

Rabbe Enckell was a Finnish poet, playwright, and critic, a leading representative of the Swedo-Finnish poetic revival that began in the 1920s. Enckell studied art in France and Italy. His first collection of impressionistic nature poems, Dikter, appeared in 1923. In this collection and a sequel,

Rabbe Enckell was a Finnish poet, playwright, and critic, a leading representative of the Swedo-Finnish poetic revival that began in the 1920s. Enckell studied art in France and Italy. His first collection of impressionistic nature poems, Dikter, appeared in 1923. In this collection and a sequel,

Paleo-Siberian languages: Grammatical features: …of verbs, and use of enclitics—an enclitic is a word that is associated with a preceding word), whereas Yukaghir shares certain grammatical categories with some Uralic languages—for instance, the use of distinct conjugations to focus on the roles of major sentence categories (e.g., subject, object, negation): Yukaghir tet mer-ai-mek ‘you…

Sanāʾī: …was translated in English as The Enclosed Garden of Truth (1910).

solid-waste management: Digesting and processing: Enclosed mechanical composting facilities can reduce land requirements by about 85 percent. Mechanical composting systems employ one or more closed tanks or digesters equipped with rotating vanes that mix and aerate the shredded waste. Complete digestion of the waste takes about one week.

enclosed rhyme, in poetry, the rhyming pattern abba found in certain quatrains, such as the first verse of Matthew Arnold’s

enclosed rhyme, in poetry, the rhyming pattern abba found in certain quatrains, such as the first verse of Matthew Arnold’s

enclosure, the division or consolidation of communal fields, meadows, pastures, and other arable lands in western Europe into the carefully delineated and individually owned and managed farm plots of modern times. Before enclosure, much farmland existed in the form of numerous, dispersed strips

ENCODE, collaborative data-collection project begun in 2003 that aimed to inventory all the functional elements of the human genome. ENCODE was conceived by researchers at the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) as a follow-on to the Human Genome Project (HGP; 1990–2003), which

combinatorics: Orthogonal arrays and the packing problem: …in the construction of error-correcting codes. A row vector c′ is taken as a code word if and only if c′H = 0. The code words then are of length n and differ in at least t + 1 places. If t = 2u, then u or fewer errors of…

primitive culture: The closed regional market system: …been appropriately labeled the “encogido syndrome,” meaning a nearly utter lack of self-confidence.

history of Latin America: Indians and Spaniards: …there were indigenous units; the encomendero (holder of the grant) could at least initially receive only what the ruler had received before him. The larger islands were inhabited by the Arawak, a sedentary if modestly developed people with kingdoms, rulers, nobles, and obligatory labour mechanisms. Their ruler was called a…

Mesopotamian religion: Sumerian literature: …over and over again the encomiast, the official praiser, whose task it was to sing these hymns, closed with the standing phrase: “O [the name of a deity or human hero], thy praise is sweet.” The same phrase is common also at the end of myths and epics, two further…

encomienda, in Spain’s American and Philippine colonies, legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population. It was based upon the practice of exacting tribute from Muslims and Jews during the Reconquista (“Reconquest”) of Muslim Spain. Although the

encomium, a prose or poetic work in which a person, thing, or abstract idea is glorified. Originally an encomium was a Greek choral song honouring the hero of the Olympic Games and sung at the victory celebration at the end of the Games. The Greek writers Simonides of Ceos and Pindar wrote some of

mental disorder: Other childhood disorders: …during the day or night), encopresis (the repeated voiding of feces into inappropriate places), sleepwalking, and night terror. These symptoms are not necessarily evidence of emotional disturbance or of some other mental illness. Behavioral methods of treatment are usually effective.

Eminem: Later albums and projects: …D12 World (2004), Eminem released Encore (2004) and a greatest-hits set, Curtain Call: The Hits (2005), both of which sold well but failed to garner as much attention as his previous albums had. He then stepped out of the public eye, resurfacing briefly in 2006 to eulogize friend and D12…

Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov: …other hand, in his painting Encore, Once Again!, the flickering candle in the centre of the still life on the table is the only source of light. Genre painting is by definition about life, yet in this ostensible genre painting life has become static, and the time of the action…

Irving Kristol: Early life and career: poet Stephen Spender cofounded Encounter, a political and literary journal; Kristol served as coeditor until his return to New York City in 1958. (When it was publicly revealed in 1967 that Encounter had been secretly financed by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], Kristol claimed not to have known…

mental disorder: Group psychotherapy: …suffering from any psychiatric disorder; encounter groups are a well-known example. This discussion, however, is concerned with long-term dynamic group therapy, in which six to 10 psychiatric patients meet with a trained group therapist, or sometimes two therapists, usually for 60 to 90 minutes a week for several months or…

Werner Herzog: Among Herzog’s later documentaries were Encounters at the End of the World (2007), which highlights the beauty of Antarctica; Cave of Forgotten Dreams (2010), which explores in 3D the prehistoric paintings at the Chauvet cave in France; Into the Abyss (2011), a sombre examination of a Texas murder case; and…

Ottoman Empire: Internal developments: …to promote industrialization, with a Law for the Encouragement of Industry (1909, revised 1915). Although they had little success, they did build a framework for later state-directed economic planning. Considerable attention was given to education, especially to the neglected area of the primary level. The process of secularization of the…

Encratite, member of an ascetic Christian sect led by Tatian, a 2nd-century Syrian rhetorician. The name derived from the group’s doctrine of continence (Greek: enkrateia). The sect shunned marriage, the eating of flesh, and the drinking of intoxicating beverages, even substituting water or milk

enamelwork: Encrusted enamelling (émail en ronde bosse): Encrusted enamelling is the term used to describe the technique of enamelling the irregular surfaces of objects or figures in the round or in very high relief. Both opaque and translucent enamels are applied to these small-scale sculptural objects,…

data encryption, the process of disguising information as “ciphertext,” or data unintelligible to an unauthorized person. Conversely, decryption, or decipherment, is the process of converting ciphertext back into its original format. Manual encryption has been used since Roman times, but the term

nueva canción: The formative years: the late 1950s through the ’60s: The first of these, the International Protest Song Meeting (Encuentra Internacional de la Canción Protesta), held in Havana in 1967, drew participants from more than 15 countries and led to the Cuban government’s establishment of a Protest Song Centre (Centro de la Canción Protesta) at the House of the Americas…

Uruguay: Civilian government: …left-wing groups led by Vázquez—the Progressive Encounter–Broad Front (Encuentro Progresista–Frente Amplio; EP–FA)—won a majority in both houses of the General Assembly for the first time. During his term, Vázquez was credited with improving an economy that had been beset by years of negative growth; financing social programs; and investigating disappearances,…

education: Prehistoric and primitive cultures: …only in the sense of enculturation, which is the process of cultural transmission. A primitive person, whose culture is the totality of his universe, has a relatively fixed sense of cultural continuity and timelessness. The model of life is relatively static and absolute, and it is transmitted from one generation…

butterfly orchid: The Florida butterfly orchid (Encyclia tampensis) is native to Florida, Cuba, and the Bahamas and is a common epiphytic species. It bears up to 45 small fragrant flowers that are typically yellowish or green. The pink butterfly orchid (Anacamptis papilionacea) is a small Mediterranean species with…

encyclical, pastoral letter written by the pope for the whole Roman Catholic church on matters of doctrine, morals, or discipline. Although formal papal letters for the entire church were issued from the earliest days of the church, the first commonly called an encyclical was Ubi primum, dealing

Anthimus VI: …and Antioch, Anthimus wrote the Encyclical of the Patriarchs (1848), an open letter to the Orthodox world criticizing papal ambitions to exercise authority over the universal Catholic Church as represented in Pope Pius IX’s encyclical letter of Jan. 6, 1848, In Suprema Petri Apostoli Sede (“On the Supreme Throne of…

encyclopaedia, reference work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or that treats a particular branch of knowledge in a comprehensive manner. For more than 2,000 years encyclopaedias have existed as summaries of extant scholarship in forms comprehensible to their readers. The word

Encyclopædia Britannica, the oldest English-language general encyclopaedia. The Encyclopædia Britannica was first published in 1768, when it began to appear in Edinburgh, Scotland. Since its founding, the Encyclopædia Britannica has relied upon both outside experts and its own editors with various

The following is taken from the first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1768–71), where it forms the seventh section of the article “Felis” in volume 2. Editor William Smellie adapted this material from the account in French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon’s Histoire

The following is taken from the first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1768–71), where it forms part of the first section of the article “Canis” in volume 2. Editor William Smellie adapted this material from the account in French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon’s Histoire

Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, English-language encyclopaedia published in Great Britain from 1817 to 1845. It is arranged systematically and topically rather than alphabetically. Composed of 25 volumes of text, three of plates, and an alphabetical one-volume index, it was designed to treat

John Claudius Loudon: …building types by writing his Encyclopaedia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture (1833). This work was unprecedented in that it was consciously addressed to the middle class rather than to an aristocratic audience. It thus helped shape Victorian suburban architecture.

encyclopaedia: The 20th century and beyond: …interesting new encyclopaedias was the Encyclopaedia Universalis (first issued 1968–74), edited by Claude Grégory and owned by the French Book Club and Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (since 2005 solely by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.). This work, inspired by L’Encyclopédie, eschewed the inclusion of minor items in favour of extensive and very well-illustrated…

encyclopaedia: Influence of printing: …a type of dictionary—now called encyclopaedic—that added to the definition and etymology of a word a description of the functions of the thing or idea it named. In some dictionaries, such as those of the Estiennes, a French family of book dealers and printers, this description might in some cases…

encyclopaedia, reference work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or that treats a particular branch of knowledge in a comprehensive manner. For more than 2,000 years encyclopaedias have existed as summaries of extant scholarship in forms comprehensible to their readers. The word

Encyclopedia Americana, general encyclopaedia that was the first major multivolume encyclopaedia to be published in the United States (1829–33). Compiled and edited by Francis Lieber, Americana was first published in 13 volumes. Subsequent editions were published in 1911 (20 volumes) and 1918–20

Barbara Brackman: …Pieced Quilt Patterns (1979) and Encyclopedia of Applique (1993), twin compendiums of pieced (4,216) and appliquéd (1,795) quilt patterns, based on quilt collections and published sources from roughly 1800 to 1970. Brackman’s pattern compilations were also released in software format under the title BlockBase (1995, DOS; 2000, Windows). Her Clues…

ENCODE, collaborative data-collection project begun in 2003 that aimed to inventory all the functional elements of the human genome. ENCODE was conceived by researchers at the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) as a follow-on to the Human Genome Project (HGP; 1990–2003), which

Leonard Feather: …songwriter whose standard reference work, The Encyclopedia of Jazz, and energetic advocacy placed him among the most influential of jazz critics.

Barbara Brackman: …her hobby grew into the Encyclopedia of Pieced Quilt Patterns (1979) and Encyclopedia of Applique (1993), twin compendiums of pieced (4,216) and appliquéd (1,795) quilt patterns, based on quilt collections and published sources from roughly 1800 to 1970. Brackman’s pattern compilations were also released in software format under the title…

Encyclopédie, (French: “Encyclopaedia, or Classified Dictionary of Sciences, Arts, and Trades”), the 18th-century French encyclopaedia that was one of the chief works of the Philosophes, men dedicated to the advancement of science and secular thought and the new tolerance and open-mindedness of the

encyclopaedia: The 20th century and beyond: The Encyclopédie de la Pléiade (begun 1955) was an encyclopaedic series, each work (some in more than one volume) being a self-contained treatment of a broad subject field written in narrative form.

encyclopaedia: The 20th century and beyond: The Encyclopédie française (begun 1935) was an outstanding collection of monographs by well-known scholars and specialists, arranged in classified form and available in loose-leaf binders, supplemented by a continuously revised index. Its 21 volumes, each under the direction of a different authority, dealt with (1) human…

Encyclopédie: …was begun under the title Encyclopédie méthodique ou par ordre de matières (“Systematic Encyclopaedia or Arranged by Subject”). Work on this topically arranged encyclopaedia continued through the French Revolution and was completed in 1832 with the appearance of the 166th volume, 50 years after the appearance of the first volume.

Pierre Leroux: …established, with Jean Reynaud, the Encyclopédie nouvelle, of which only eight volumes appeared (1838–41). In 1840 he published the treatise De l’humanité, his major philosophical work.

Encyclopédie, (French: “Encyclopaedia, or Classified Dictionary of Sciences, Arts, and Trades”), the 18th-century French encyclopaedia that was one of the chief works of the Philosophes, men dedicated to the advancement of science and secular thought and the new tolerance and open-mindedness of the

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: At Heidelberg: …lectures there, he published his Encyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse (1817; Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline), an exposition of his system as a whole. Hegel’s philosophy is an attempt to comprehend the entire universe as a systematic whole. The system is grounded in faith. In the…

amoeba: …periods many amoebas survive by encystment: the amoeba becomes circular, loses most of its water, and secretes a cyst membrane that serves as a protective covering. When the environment is again suitable, the envelope ruptures, and the amoeba emerges.

John Dewey: Ends and goods: Since at least the time of Aristotle (384–322 bce), many Western philosophers have made use of the notion of end, or final cause—i.e., a cause conceived of as a natural purpose or goal (see teleology). In ethics, ends are the natural or…

Veronica Roth: The next year Roth published The End and Other Beginnings: Stories from the Future, a book of short stories. Chosen Ones (2020), her first novel for adults, follows a group of people who defeated an evil overlord years earlier. The dystopian mystery Poster Girl (2022) is set 10 years after…

stringed instrument: Morphology: Other blocks, called end blocks, are mounted top and bottom center to provide firm bearings for the neck and the tailpin, which between them have to resist the tension of the strings. The ribs are slightly inset from the outline of the belly and back, so that the…

cam: …cut in the end (end cam); (5) a reciprocating wedge of the required shape.

sound: Measuring techniques: …small distance known as the end correction. The end correction depends primarily on the radius of the tube: it is approximately equal to 0.6 times the radius of an unflanged tube and 0.82 times the radius of a flanged tube. The effective length of the tube, which must be assumed…

chess: Computer extension of chess theory: …series of discoveries in basic endgames. By working backward from positions of checkmate, Thompson was able to build up an enormous number of variations showing every possible way of reaching the final ones. This has been possible with only the most elementary endgames, with no more than five pieces on…

Fugazi: … (1992), Red Medicine (1995), and End Hits (1998), Fugazi retained its churning rhythms and raw emotion, but its song structures became more varied and its lyrics more oblique and less overtly political (the band had sometimes been criticized for being too didactic and politically correct in its earlier efforts). Fugazi…

moraine: A terminal, or end, moraine consists of a ridgelike accumulation of glacial debris pushed forward by the leading glacial snout and dumped at the outermost edge of any given ice advance. It curves convexly down the valley and may extend up the sides as lateral moraines.…

Péter Nádas: …novel, Egy családregény vége (The End of a Family Story)—told from the point of view of a young boy growing up in a communist society—though, because of censorship issues, the book was not published until five years later. Soon after the novel’s completion, Nádas traveled to East Berlin on…

A.M. Homes: …of the pedophiliac mind in The End of Alice (1996), which polarized critics with its depictions of sexual violence. The novel was accompanied by an art book, Appendix A:, ostensibly a catalog of items amassed by its disturbed narrator. Music for Torching (1999) features the disaffected protagonists from “Adults Alone”…

Lee “Scratch” Perry: … for best reggae album, and The End of an American Dream (2007), Repentance (2008), Revelation (2010), and Back on the Controls (2014) were all nominated in that category.

Jorie Graham: ” In The End of Beauty (1987), Graham experimented with form, constructing subtle, sometimes inaccessible poems divided into series of short, numbered stanzas with missing words and lively enjambment. Region of Unlikeness (1991), which is annotated to explain its textual obscurities, furthers her exploration of philosophy and…

Wangechi Mutu: …including her first animated film, The End of eating Everything (2013), for which she collaged the head of recording artist Santigold on an enormous amorphous body to create a glorious and voracious beast that devoured everything in its path. Mutu also designed fabric in 2014; two printed textiles she created…

Neil Postman: In The End of Education: Redefining the Value of School (1995), he rejected the growing emphasis on economic utility, training for consumership, and faith in technology that characterize modern education. He held that the purpose of education is to forge a coherent unified culture out of…