Sean Connery: Rock (1996), Dragonheart (1996), and Entrapment (1999). Connery officially retired from acting following his appearance in the film adaptation (2003) of the comic-book series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, though he went on to perform various voice roles.

stagecraft: Renaissance costume: The progresses in England, entrées in France, and trionfi in Italy were based on the triumphal processions of the ancient world. The monarch or emperor was glorified as the hero, and the monarch’s entourage and vassals appeared in semiclassical grandeur. There were floats of allegorical figures and legions of…

Selena: Success as a solo artist and murder: … (1990; “Come with Me”) and Entre a Mi Mundo (1992; “Enter My World”). Her pop duet single, “Buenos Amigos” (“Good Friends”), with Salvadoran singer Álvaro Torres introduced her to a broader audience. In 1992 Selena married Chris Pérez, the lead guitarist of Los Dinos.

Minho, historical provincia, northwesternmost Portugal. It was originally called Entre Douro e Minho, the region between the Minho and Douro rivers. The area was occupied by both the Celts and the Romans, the former having left numerous ruins called castra, or hill forts. There is a narrow coastal

Ribeirão Prêto, city, northeastern São Paulo estado (state), southeastern Brazil. Situated in the Brazilian Highlands region at an elevation of 1,700 feet (520 metres) above sea level, it lies on the Prêto River, a tributary of the Pardo River. Founded in 1856 and formerly called Entre Rios and São

Entre Ríos, provincia (province), eastern Argentina. It is located between two rivers, the Paraná (west) and the Uruguay (east), the latter of which forms the Uruguayan border; the province’s name means “between rivers.” The city of Paraná, on the Paraná River, is the provincial capital. Entre Ríos

Nicaragua: Relief: …intricately dissected region includes the Cordillera Entre Ríos, on the Honduras border; the Cordilleras Isabelia and Dariense, in the north-central area; and the Huapí, Amerrique, and Yolaina mountains, in the southeast. The mountains are highest in the north, and Mogotón Peak (6,900 feet [2,103 metres]), in the Cordillera Entre Ríos,…

D’Entrecasteaux Islands: …named by the French navigator Bruni d’Entrecasteaux during his search for the missing explorer Jean-François de Galaup La Pérouse in 1793, the group was more accurately charted and individually named by Capt. John Moresby of HMS Basilisk in 1873. Copra is produced in fertile coastal patches.

entrechat, (probably from Italian intrecciare: “to weave,” or “to braid”), jump in ballet, beginning in the fifth position, during which the dancer crosses his straight legs at the lower calf. Numerous rapid crossings make the entrechat a spectacular jump. Numbers (trois, “three”; quatre, “four”;

Western theatre: Courtly entertainments: In France the entrées solennelles—entrance processions of great pomposity—were developed to a peak of elaborate ceremonial display. Aquatic pageantry also became popular in the 17th century, with the monarch surrounded by a collection of ornate barges, sea monsters, scallop shells, and ships.

entrelacement, a literary technique in which several simultaneous stories are interlaced in one larger narrative. This technique allows digression and presents opportunities for moral and ironic commentary while not disturbing the unity of the

thought: Obstacles to effective thinking: A mental set, or “entrenchment,” is a frame of mind involving a model that represents a problem, a problem context, or a procedure for problem solving. When problem solvers have an entrenched mental set, they fixate on a strategy that normally works well but does not…

Hong Kong: Economy: …as an international free port, entrepôt trade, mainly with China, flourished until 1951, when a United Nations embargo on trade with China and North Korea drastically curtailed it. This situation, combined with the need to export and with the availability of cheap labor, led to the establishment of competitive light…

economic growth: Entrepreneurship: This historical fact points to an element that has received little attention so far: the influence of entrepreneurship. If the allocation of resources changes during the course of growth and development, it does so under the leadership of an entrepreneurial class. The quality of…

profit: …market price and thus earn entrepreneurial profits. Secondly, changes in consumer tastes may cause revenues of some firms to increase, giving rise to what are often called windfall profits. The third type of profit is monopoly profit, which occurs when a firm restricts output so as to prevent prices from…

For many people, the word “entrepreneur” conjures up the archetypal image of a Silicon Valley start-up founder, shopping around the “next big idea” to deep-pocketed venture capitalists—sort of like what you’d see in an episode of Shark Tank. This type certainly exists, but it’s only a fraction of

entrepreneurship, the state of being an entrepreneur, or a person who organizes, manages, and assumes the risk of a business with the goal of generating economic value. The term is derived from the Old French verb entreprendre, “to undertake.” Entrepreneurship is one of the four factors of

Arnauld Family: …are preserved in the publication Entretien avec M. de Sacy (“Conversation with M. de Sacy”).

Denis Diderot: The Encyclopédie: …mention may be made of L’Entretien entre d’Alembert et Diderot (written 1769, published 1830; “Conversation Between d’Alembert and Diderot”), Le Rêve de d’Alembert (written 1769, published 1830; “D’Alembert’s Dream”), and the Eléments de physiologie (1774–80). In these works Diderot developed his materialist philosophy and arrived at startling intuitive insights into…

Francis Viélé-Griffin: …1890 Viélé-Griffin cofounded the review Les Entretiens politiques et littéraires (“Political and Literary Conversations”), in which appeared many of his essays calling for the liberation of verse from the strictures of traditional poetic form. He accomplished such liberation in his own poems through his pioneering use of vers libre (free…

Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc: Translated into English as Discourses on Architecture (1875), this work, containing information on the construction of iron skeletons enclosed by nonbearing masonry walls, especially influenced the late-19th-century architects of the Chicago school, particularly John W. Root. Other important writings by Viollet-le-Duc include L’Art russe (1877; “Russian Art”) and De…

Nicolas Malebranche: His Entretiens sur la métaphysique et sur la religion (1688; “Dialogues on Metaphysics and on Religion”), a series of 14 dialogues, has been called the best introduction to his system. His other writings include research into the nature of light and colour and studies in infinitesimal…

Bernard Le Bovier, sieur de Fontenelle: …la pluralité des mondes (1686; A Plurality of Worlds, 1688). These charming and sophisticated dialogues were more influential than any other work in securing acceptance of the Copernican system, still far from commanding universal support in 1686. Fontenelle’s basis of scientific documentation was meagre, and some of his figures were…

art criticism: Art criticism in the 17th century: Programmatic theory: …century with André Félibien’s 10-volume Entretiens sur les vies et sur les ouvrages des plus excellens peintres anciens et modernes (1666–88; “Conversations on the Most Excellent Painters, Ancient and Modern”). Like Vasari, Félibien presents what he regards as the proper principles of art, as well as an account of the…

Charles Van Lerberghe: …not issue a collection until Entrevisions. It consists of 64 poems, some written in free verse. Influenced by Henri Bergson’s theory of duration, these poems explore themes of transience and beauty through vague, indistinct images of the natural world. During this period Van Lerberghe traveled widely in Europe, eventually settling…

entropion, inward turning of the border (or margin) of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelids), occurring most often in elderly persons. It is commonly caused by age-related alterations in the fibrous and muscular support of the eyelids. The turning in of the lid margin allows the eyelashes to rub

Thomas Pynchon: …stories, most notable are “Entropy” (1960), a neatly structured tale in which Pynchon first uses extensive technical language and scientific metaphors, and “The Secret Integration” (1964), a story in which Pynchon explores small-town bigotry and racism. The collection Slow Learner (1984) contains “The Secret Integration.”

information theory: Entropy: Shannon’s concept of entropy can now be taken up. Recall that the table Comparison of two encodings from M to S showed that the second encoding scheme would transmit an average of 5.7 characters from M per second. But suppose that, instead of the…

entropy, the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. Because work is obtained from ordered molecular motion, the amount of entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder, or randomness, of a system. The concept of entropy provides

coal mining: Ground control and roof support: …with the design of underground entries, their widths, the distance between the entries, and the number of entries that can be driven as a set. A hierarchy of entries exists in underground coal mines. Main entries are driven so as to divide the property into major areas; they usually serve…

Kapiti Island, uninhabited island at the northern entrance to Cook Strait, 5 miles (8 km) off the mouth of the Waikanae River, southwestern North Island, New Zealand. It is 9 square miles (23 square km) in area and may be part of a land bridge that once connected North and South islands. Generally

Western painting: Germany: …is also noticeable in Pforr’s “The Entry of the Emperor Rudolf of Habsburg into Basel in 1273” (c. 1809; Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main) and Schnorr’s “The Procession of the Three Magi” (1819; Museum of Fine Art, Leipzig). Alfred Rethel, a late arrival, however, manages to avoid such an effect…

decision problem, for a class of questions in mathematics and formal logic, the problem of finding, after choosing any question of the class, an algorithm or repetitive procedure that will yield a definite answer, “yes” or “no,” to that question. The method consists of performing successively a

encyclopaedia: The 19th century: …which became known as “Granat” after the Granat Russian Bibliographical Institute that produced it. A later edition (1910–48) of “Granat,” in 58 volumes, was not exported from the Soviet Union. Modeled on the Britannica, this edition contained many important articles, such as Lenin’s contribution on “Marx” and on “The…

Eduard Suess: …published a small book entitled Die Enstehung der Alpen (“The Origin of the Alps”). In it he argued that horizontal movements of the lithosphere (the Earth’s rocky outer shell), rather than vertical uplift, played the dominant role in creating mountain ranges by folding and thrust faulting. Suess assumed that volcanism…

Alfred Wegener: …der Kontinente und Ozeane (The Origin of Continents and Oceans). He searched the scientific literature for geological and paleontological evidence that would buttress his theory, and he was able to point to many closely related fossil organisms and similar rock strata that occurred on widely separated continents, particularly those…

Friedrich Meinecke: Die Entstehung des Historismus (1936; Historism) traces the rise of historicism from Giambattista Vico to Leopold von Ranke. Meinecke’s emphasis on the importance of the private concerns of individuals implied a clear opposition to the Nazis, who valued a person only as an instrument of the state’s aims.…

Enets, an indigenous Arctic people who traditionally resided on the east bank of the lower Yenisey River of Russia. They numbered about 300 in the Russian census of 2002. The Enets live in the Arctic tundra, a region of permafrost, and are divided into two major groups, the so-called Tundra Enets

history of Mesopotamia: The Sumerians to the end of the Early Dynastic period: …the ruler’s special title was en. In later periods this word (etymology unknown), which is also found in divine names such as Enlil and Enki, has a predominantly religious connotation that is translated, for want of a better designation, as “en-priest, en-priestess.” En, as the ruler’s title, is encountered in…

Julius Meier-Graefe: …Entwickelungsgeschichte der modernen Kunst (1904; Modern Art: Being a Contribution to a New System of Aesthetics), a study now widely regarded as establishing and codifying current assumptions of the movement’s stylistic evolution.

bildungsroman, class of novel that depicts and explores the manner in which the protagonist develops morally and psychologically. The German word Bildungsroman means “novel of education” or “novel of formation.” The folklore tale of the dunce who goes out into the world seeking adventure and learns

the Who: March 1, 1944, London), John Entwistle (b. October 9, 1944, London—d. June 27, 2002, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.), and Keith Moon (b. August 23, 1946, London—d. September 7, 1978, London). Moon was replaced by Kenney Jones (b. September 16, 1948, London).

the Who: March 1, 1944, London), John Entwistle (b. October 9, 1944, London—d. June 27, 2002, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.), and Keith Moon (b. August 23, 1946, London—d. September 7, 1978, London). Moon was replaced by Kenney Jones (b. September 16, 1948, London).

Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach: Foreign travels and change of style. of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach: …a great history of architecture, Entwurf einer historischen Architektur. His book, which reveals the wide range of his learning, was the first comparative history of the architecture of all times and all nations; it included significant specimens of Egyptian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Muslim, Indian, and Chinese architecture, illustrated by engravings…

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Entylomatales Parasitic and pathogenic on plants, causing rice leaf smut and dahlia smut; ballistospore-forming; example genera include Entyloma and Tilletiopsis. Order Exobasidiales Parasitic and pathogenic on vascular plants; lacking basidiocarps; basidia produced in a layer on the surface of parasitized plants; example genera

Enugu, state, south-central Nigeria. It was created in 1991 from the eastern two-thirds of Anambra state. Enugu is bounded by the states of Kogi and Benue to the north, Ebonyi to the east, Abia to the south, and Anambra to the west. It includes most of the Udi-Nsukka Plateau, which rises to more

Enugu, town, capital of Enugu state, southeastern Nigeria, located at the foot of the Udi Plateau. Enugu is on the railroad from Port Harcourt, 150 miles (240 km) south-southwest, and at the intersection of roads from Aba, Onitsha, and Abakaliki. The town owes its existence to the discovery of coal

astrology: Astral omens in the ancient Middle East: …time when the cuneiform text Enūma Anu Enlil, devoted to celestial omina, was initiated. The final collection and codification of this series, however, was not accomplished before the beginning of the 1st millennium bc. But the tablets that have survived—mainly from the Assyrian library of King Ashurbanipal (7th century bc)—indicate…

Enuma elish, ancient Mesopotamian creation epic that tells the tale of Marduk, the chief god of the city of Babylon. He defeats the elder goddess Tiamat and brings order to chaos and thus becomes the Lord of the Gods of Heaven and Earth. The title of the poem comes from the first line of the work

combinatorics: Problems of enumeration: An ordered set a1, a2,…, ar of r distinct objects selected from a set of n objects is called a permutation of

bibliography: Descriptive bibliography: The primary purpose of descriptive bibliography is to organize detailed information culled from a mass of materials in a systematic way so that others can have access to useful information. In the earliest bibliographies, the organizing principle was simply that of compiling all…

enuresis, elimination disorder characterized by four factors: the repeated voluntary or involuntary voiding of urine during the day or night into bedding or clothing; two or more occurrences per month for a child between the ages of five and six (one or more for older children); chronological age

envelope, in poetry, a device in which a line or a stanza is repeated so as to enclose a section of verse, as in Sir Thomas Wyatt’s “Is it

balloon flight: Elements of balloon flight: …for the actual balloon, or envelope. Cotton, nylon, and polyester are common for the envelopes of hot-air balloons. Cotton, having a poor weight-to-strength ratio, is only favoured for carnival “smoke” balloons. Although gas balloons have sometimes used rubberized cotton, modern sport gas balloons use urethane-coated nylon. Balloons for high-altitude research…

Huygens’ principle: …front and is called the envelope of the wavelets. If a medium is homogeneous and has the same properties throughout (i.e., is isotropic), permitting light or sound to travel with the same speed regardless of its direction of propagation, the three-dimensional envelope of a point source will be spherical; otherwise,…

virus: Size and shape: …a lipoprotein membrane (called an envelope), derived from the membrane of the host cell, that surrounds the nucleocapsid core. Penetrating the membrane are additional proteins that determine the specificity of the virus to host cells. The protein and nucleic acid constituents have properties unique for each class of virus; when…

motion-picture technology: Light sources: tungsten-halogen lamps with quartz envelopes came into wide use. The halogen compound is included inside the envelope, and its purpose is to combine with the tungsten evaporated from the hot filament. This forms a compound that is electrically attracted back to the tungsten filament. It thus prevents the evaporated…

envelope, in musical sound, the attack, sustain, and decay of a sound. Attack transients consist of changes occurring before the sound reaches its steady-state intensity. Sustain refers to the steady state of a sound at its maximum intensity, and decay is the rate at which it fades to silence. In

envelope, in mathematics, a curve that is tangential to each one of a family of curves in a plane or, in three dimensions, a surface that is tangent to each one of a family of surfaces. For example, two parallel lines are the envelope of the family of circles of the same radius having centres on a

Albania: Education: The University of Tirana (1957) is the country’s major institution of higher education. Tirana also has an agricultural and polytechnic university, along with an impressive network of professional and vocational schools. More than nine-tenths of the population age 15 and older is literate.

Enver Paşa was an Ottoman general and commander in chief, a hero of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, and a leading member of the Ottoman government from 1913 to 1918. He played a key role in the Ottoman entry into World War I on the side of Germany, and, after the Ottoman defeat in 1918, he

Albert Camus: Early years: …first published collection of essays, L’Envers et l’endroit (1937; “The Wrong Side and the Right Side”), describes the physical setting of these early years and includes portraits of his mother, grandmother, and uncle. A second collection of essays, Noces (1938; “Nuptials”), contains intensely lyrical meditations on the Algerian countryside and…

Envigado, city, Antioquia departamento, northwestern Colombia. It is situated near the Porce River, between the Occidental and Central ranges of the Andes Mountains, at an elevation of 5,085 feet (1,550 m) above sea level. Formerly a commercial and manufacturing centre for a fertile agricultural

environment, the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival. The Earth’s environment is treated in a number of articles. The major components of the physical environment are discussed in the

common but differentiated responsibilities: …international legal texts include the Rio Declaration, where it is enunciated as “Principle 7,” and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, together with its 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It was retroactively incorporated into the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol on substances that destroy the ozone layer. Practically, it entails…

heredity: Heredity and environment: A notion that was widespread among pioneer biologists in the 18th century was that the fetus, and hence the adult organism that develops from it, is preformed in the sex cells. Some early microscopists even imagined that they saw…

ecology, study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. Some of the most pressing problems in human affairs—expanding populations, food scarcities, environmental pollution including global warming, extinctions of plant and animal species, and all the attendant sociological and

sex: Sexual and nonsexual reproduction: If some adverse environmental change should occur, all would be equally affected and none might survive. At the best, therefore, nonsexual reproduction can be a valuable and perhaps an essential means of propagation, but it does not exclude the need for sexual reproduction.

North American Free Trade Agreement: Provisions: …Cooperation (NAAEC), which created the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in 1994.

Environmental Defense Fund, American environmental organization working on such issues as climate change, pollution, and endangered wildlife. It was founded in 1967 and successfully fought in the courts for a U.S. ban on the synthetic insecticide DDT. With a staff that includes scientists,

anthropology: Environmental and ecological studies in anthropology: A view known as environmental determinism, which holds that environmental features directly determine aspects of human behaviour and society, was propounded by many Enlightenment philosophers, who argued that differences among peoples were not innate but were due to climate, landscape, and other environmental factors. By the early 20th century,…

environmental economics, subdiscipline of economics that applies the values and tools of mainstream macroeconomics and microeconomics to allocate environmental resources more efficiently. On the political stage, environmental issues are usually placed at odds with economic issues; environmental

environmental engineering, the development of processes and infrastructure for the supply of water, the disposal of waste, and the control of pollution of all kinds. These endeavours protect public health by preventing disease transmission, and they preserve the quality of the environment by

environmental ethics, a field of applied ethics concerned with the natural environment, including its instrumental value for human beings and other animals and its possible intrinsic value. (Read Peter Singer’s Britannica entry on ethics.) Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical

environmental geology, field concerned with applying the findings of geologic research to the problems of land use and civil engineering. It is closely allied with urban geology and deals with the impact of human activities on the physical environment (e.g., contamination of water resources by

environmental health, area of study in the field of public health that is concerned with assessing and controlling the impacts of humans on their environment and the impacts of the environment on humans. The environment, including its vegetation, other animals, and natural and historic landmarks,

environmental engineering, the development of processes and infrastructure for the supply of water, the disposal of waste, and the control of pollution of all kinds. These endeavours protect public health by preventing disease transmission, and they preserve the quality of the environment by

National Environmental Policy Act: Called an environmental impact statement (EIS), it describes the expected environmental effects of the action—including adverse impacts, reasonable alternatives, and any irreversible changes—and assesses both short- and long-term gains.. The EIS is reviewed by the Office of Federal Activities within the Environmental Protection Agency. Notices of EAs…

environmental infrastructure, infrastructure that provides cities and towns with water supply, waste disposal, and pollution control services. They include extensive networks of aqueducts, reservoirs, water distribution pipes, sewer pipes, and pumping stations; treatment systems such as

environmental justice, social movement seeking to address the inequitable distribution of environmental hazards among the poor and minorities. Advocates for environmental justice hold that all people deserve to live in a clean and safe environment free from industrial waste and pollution that can

atmosphere: Convection: …free convection, occurs when the environmental lapse rate (the rate of change of an atmospheric variable, such as temperature or density, with increasing altitude) of temperature decreases at a rate greater than 1 °C per 100 metres (approximately 1 °F per 150 feet). This rate is called the adiabatic lapse…

environmental law, principles, policies, directives, and regulations enacted and enforced by local, national, or international entities to regulate human treatment of the nonhuman world. The vast field covers a broad range of topics in diverse legal settings, such as state bottle-return laws in the

writing: Literacy and schooling: Environmental literacy or lay literacy is the term used to designate that form of unspecialized competence involved in generally dealing with a literate environment. Such literacy need never be taught. It is a type of literacy that is acquired through participating in a literate environment in which written…

environmental policy: Environmental reporting and ecolabeling: Environmental management systems are comprehensive approaches that help organizations reduce their use of natural resources while reducing costs and—when certified—contributing to a positive image. The most commonly known standard for such systems is the ISO 14000 standards, first issued by the International Organization for Standardization…

environmental medicine, medical science involving the study of the relationship between human health and biological, chemical, and physical factors in the environment. The modern field of environmental medicine originated sometime around the mid-20th century, when possible links between

noise pollution: Noise regulation and mitigation: Environmental and industrial noise is regulated in the United States under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and the Noise Control Act of 1972. Under these acts, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration set up industrial noise criteria in order to provide limits…

Dixy Lee Ray: …movement—Trashing the Planet (1990) and Environmental Overkill (1993). While conservative commentators took the message of those volumes as a rallying cry against what they perceived as alarmist attitudes toward environmental problems such as global warming, critics in the scientific community excoriated Ray for misrepresenting scientific studies to suit her arguments.

environmental policy, any measure by a government or corporation or other public or private organization regarding the effects of human activities on the environment, particularly those measures that are designed to prevent or reduce harmful effects of human activities on ecosystems. Environmental

pollution, the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any form of energy (such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form. The major kinds of pollution, usually

Arnold Newman: This approach, known as “environmental portraiture,” greatly influenced portrait photography in the 20th century.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), agency of the U.S. government that sets and enforces national pollution-control standards. In 1970, in response to the welter of confusing, often ineffective environmental protection laws enacted by states and communities, Pres. Richard Nixon created the EPA

National Environmental Policy Act: …of NEPA rests with the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), which was created by the U.S. Congress as part of NEPA. The scope of NEPA is limited to agencies of the federal government. Some states have enacted similar regulations, mandating that their agencies consider environmental impact as one fact when…

biotic potential: …an organism is restricted by environmental resistance, any factor that inhibits the increase in number of the population. These factors include unfavourable climatic conditions; lack of space, light, or a suitable substrate; deficiencies of necessary chemical compounds or minerals; and the inhibiting effects of predators, parasites, disease organisms, or unfavourable…

environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), type of electron microscope. Unlike the conventional scanning electron microscope, the ESEM obviates the need for special specimen preparation (for example, covering the specimen with gold to render it electrically conducting is unnecessary) and

environmental science, interdisciplinary academic field that draws on ecology, geology, meteorology, biology, chemistry, engineering, and physics to study environmental problems and human impacts on the environment. Environmental science is a quantitative discipline with both applied and

environmental sculpture, 20th-century art form intended to involve or encompass the spectators rather than merely to face them; the form developed as part of a larger artistic current that sought to break down the historical dichotomy between life and art. The environmental sculptor can utilize

sustainability: Forms of sustainability: …environmental performance, and the expression environmental sustainability is used to emphasize that point. Parallel references can be found to the terms social sustainability, economic sustainability, and cultural sustainability, which allude to threats to long-term well-being in each of those domains. Local sustainability emphasizes the importance of place. Corporate sustainability is…

ecoterrorism, destruction, or the threat of destruction, of the environment by states, groups, or individuals in order to intimidate or to coerce governments or civilians. The term also has been applied to a variety of crimes committed against companies or government agencies and intended to

environmental theatre, a branch of the New Theatre movement of the 1960s that aimed to heighten audience awareness of theatre by eliminating the distinction between the audience’s and the actors’ space. Richard Schechner’s environmental productions Dionysus in 69, Makbeth, and Commune were

secondhand smoke, smoke that is released into the air, from tobacco and non-tobacco products, being either exhaled by the smoker (mainstream smoke) or rising directly from a smoldering product (sidestream smoke). Nonsmokers who are routinely exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk for