Publius Annius Florus: …work, called in some manuscripts Epitome de T. Livio bellorum omnium annorum DCC (“Abridgement from Livy of All the Wars over 1200 Years”), is a rhetorical panegyric of the greatness of Rome. Almost valueless historically, it was much used in the Middle Ages. In the manuscripts the writer is called…

Johannes Kepler: Astronomical work of Johannes Kepler: …astronomy, Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (1618–21; Epitome of Copernican Astronomy). The title mimicked Maestlin’s traditional-style textbook, but the content could not have been more different. The Epitome began with the elements of astronomy but then gathered together all the arguments for Copernicus’s theory and added to them Kepler’s harmonics and new…

Regiomontanus: …household and completed Peuerbach’s half-finished Epitome (c. 1462; first printed in 1496 as Epytoma…in Almagestum Ptolomei). His demonstration of an alternative to Ptolemy’s models for the orbits of Mercury and Venus with respect to the Sun gave Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) the geometric key to reorient planetary motions around the Sun.…

Paul of Aegina: …known by its Latin title, Epitomae medicae libri septem (“Medical Compendium in Seven Books”), containing nearly everything known about the medical arts in the West in his time.

wentletrap, any marine snail of the family Epitoniidae (subclass Prosobranchia of the class Gastropoda), in which the turreted shell—consisting of whorls that form a high, conical spiral—has deeply ribbed sculpturing. Most species are white, less than 5 cm (2 inches) long, and exude a pink or

epitope, portion of a foreign protein, or antigen, that is capable of stimulating an immune response. An epitope is the part of the antigen that binds to a specific antigen receptor on the surface of a B cell. Binding between the receptor and epitope occurs only if their structures are

stole: …churches and eventually the equivalent epitrachelion was worn by priests. The scarflike vestment was adopted somewhat later in the West, and the Latin term stola came into use in the 9th century.

Jean Lemaire de Belges: His Épitres de l’amant vert (1505; “Letters of a Green Lover”) contains two charming and witty letters in light verse describing the grief of Margaret of Austria’s parrot during her mistress’s absence. Lemaire traveled in Italy and was an admirer of Italian culture. His La Concorde…

Michel Bibaud: Bibaud’s poetry collection Épîtres, satires, chansons, épigrammes, et autres pièces de vers (1830) was the first in French Canadian literature; it includes four satires on ignorance, avarice, laziness, and envy.

flea beetle: Major species: The cucumber beetle (Epitrix cucumeris) feeds on cucumbers and melon vines, E. hirtipennis attacks tobacco plants, and E. fuscula eats tomatoes and potatoes.

flea beetle: Major species: hirtipennis attacks tobacco plants, and E. fuscula eats tomatoes and potatoes.

flea beetle: Major species: …on cucumbers and melon vines, E. hirtipennis attacks tobacco plants, and E. fuscula eats tomatoes and potatoes.

human ear: Middle-ear cavity: …cavity) proper below and the epitympanum above. These chambers are also referred to as the atrium and the attic, respectively. The middle-ear space roughly resembles a rectangular room with four walls, a floor, and a ceiling. The outer (lateral) wall of the middle-ear space is formed by the tympanic membrane.…

squirrel: Natural history: The African palm squirrels (genus Epixerus) are long-legged runners that forage only on the ground. Certain species, such as the red-tailed squirrel (S. granatensis) of the American tropics and the African pygmy squirrel, are active from ground to canopy. In the United States, the Eastern fox…

epizeuxis, in literature, a form of repetition in which a word is repeated immediately for emphasis, as in the first and last lines of “Hark, Hark! the Lark,” a song in William Shakespeare’s

zoanthid: Epizoanthus americanus, occurring in Atlantic coastal temperate waters off North America, attaches to the seashell inhabited by a hermit crab, dissolves the shell, and eventually encloses the crab.

seed: Dispersal by animals: …agents most frequently involved in epizoochory, the inadvertent carrying by animals of dispersal units. Burrlike seeds and fruits, or those diaspores provided with spines, hooks, claws, bristles, barbs, grapples, and prickles, are genuine hitchhikers, clinging tenaciously to their carriers. Their functional shape is achieved in various ways—in cleavers, or bedstraw…

animal disease: Role of ecology: …referred to as epidemic, or epizootic, diseases, and they generally represent an unstable relationship between the causative agent and affected animals.

Le Corbusier: Education and early years: There, Charles L’Eplattenier, whom Le Corbusier later called his only teacher, taught him art history, drawing, and the naturalist aesthetics of Art Nouveau.

Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), secessionist movement that successfully fought for the creation of an independent Eritrean nation out of the northernmost province of Ethiopia in 1993. The historical region of Eritrea had joined Ethiopia as an autonomous unit in 1952. The Eritrean

major industrial polymers: Ethylene-propylene copolymers: …are known as EPM (ethylene-propylene monomer) and the latter as EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer). The copolymers contain approximately 60 percent by weight ethylene. A pronounced advantage of EPDM is that the residual carbon-carbon double bond (i.e., the double bond that remains after polymerization) is attached to the polymer chain rather…

erythropoietin, hormone produced largely in the kidneys that influences the rate of production of red blood cells (erythrocytes). When the number of circulating red cells decreases or when the oxygen transported by the blood diminishes, an unidentified sensor detects the change, and the production

European Patent Office (EPO), executive branch of the European Patent Organisation, the international organization that issues European patents. The European Patent Organisation was created by the European Patent Convention, which was signed by 16 European countries in Munich on Oct. 5, 1973, and

time: Time measurement: general concepts: …unique number to either an epoch, which specifies the moment when an instantaneous event occurs, in the sense of time of day, or a time interval, which is the duration of a continued event. The progress of any phenomenon that undergoes regular changes may be used to measure time. Such…

Deep Impact: …EPOXI, consisting of two projects: Extrasolar Planet Observation and Characterization (EPOCh) and Deep Impact Extended Investigation (DIXI).

epoch, unit of geological time during which a rock series is deposited. It is a subdivision of a geological period, and the word is capitalized when employed in a formal sense (e.g., Pleistocene Epoch). Additional distinctions can be made by appending relative time terms, such as early, middle, and

Li Hongzhi: …sponsored a free newspaper (Epoch Times), Chinese-language television (New Tang Dynasty) and radio (Sound of Hope) networks, and Shen Yun, a Chinese New Year extravaganza held in major cities throughout the world.

epochē, in Greek philosophy, “suspension of judgment,” a principle originally espoused by nondogmatic philosophical Skeptics of the ancient Greek Academy who, viewing the problem of knowledge as insoluble, proposed that, when controversy arises, an attitude of noninvolvement should be adopted in

Ernest F. Fenollosa: …draft of his two-volume masterpiece Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art but left many names of painters and temples incomplete. His second wife saw to the correction of most of the omissions and errors, and the work was published in 1912. His widow also turned over to Ezra Pound a…

epode, a verse form composed of two lines differing in construction and often in metre, the second shorter than the first. In Greek lyric odes, an epode is the third part of the three-part structure of the poem, following the strophe and the antistrophe. The word is from the Greek epōidós, “sung”

Horace: Life: …the 30s bc his 17 Epodes were also under way. Mockery here is almost fierce, the metre being that traditionally used for personal attacks and ridicule, though Horace attacks social abuses, not individuals. The tone reflects his anxious mood after Philippi. Horace used his commitment to the ideals of Alexandrian…

Old World fruit bat: …of the family are the epauletted fruit bats (Epomophorus), in which the male has tufts of pale hair on the shoulders, and the hammer-headed fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus), which has a large, blunt muzzle and pendulous lips.

Epona, goddess who was patron of horses and also of asses and mules (epo- is the Gaulish equivalent of the Latin equo-; “horse”). The majority of inscriptions and images bearing her name have been found in Gaul, Germany, and the Danube countries; of the few that occur in Rome most have been found

eponym, one for whom or which something is or is believed to be named. The word can refer, for example, to the usually mythical ancestor or totem animal or object that a social group (such as a tribe) holds to be the origin of its name. In its most familiar use, eponym denotes a person for whom a

chronology: Mesopotamian chronology, 747 to 539 bc: …at the same time as eponym lists, and a number of these annals, or the campaigns mentioned in them, were dated by eponyms who figured in the eponym lists. Moreover, some of the Assyrian kings in the annals were also kings of Babylonia and as such were included in Ptolemy’s…

Georges-Louis Leclerc, count de Buffon: …1774–89, the most famous section, Époques de la nature (1778), being contained in the fifth of them. They were succeeded by nine volumes on birds (1770–83), and these again by five volumes on minerals (1783–88). The remaining eight volumes, which complete the first edition, were done by the count de…

Ivrea, town and episcopal see, Piemonte (Piedmont) region, northwestern Italy, on the Dora Baltea River, north of Turin. The importance of its gold mines led the Romans to seize the district from the Salassi in 143 bc. Ivrea was a Lombard duchy and, from the 9th century, a marquessate, and two of

comet: Spacecraft exploration of comets: Deep Impact, in its postimpact EPOXI mission, flew past Comet Hartley 2 on November 4, 2010. It imaged a small nucleus about 2.3 km (1.4 miles) in length and 0.9 km (0.6 mile) wide. As with Halley and Borrelly, the nucleus appeared to be two bodies stuck together, each having…

epoxide, cyclic ether with a three-membered ring. The basic structure of an epoxide contains an oxygen atom attached to two adjacent carbon atoms of a hydrocarbon. The strain of the three-membered ring makes an epoxide much more reactive than a typical acyclic ether. Ethylene oxide is economically

epoxy, Any of a class of thermosetting polymers, polyethers built up from monomers with an ether group that takes the form of a three-membered epoxide ring. The familiar two-part epoxy adhesives consist of a resin with epoxide rings at the ends of its molecules and a curing agent containing amines

major industrial polymers: Epoxies (epoxy resins): Epoxies are polyethers built up from monomers in which the ether group takes the form of a three-membered ring known as the epoxide ring:

mesothelioma: Survival prediction and treatment: A more aggressive operation, extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), may be required in more-advanced cases. EPP involves the removal of tumour, pleura, diaphragm, and pericardium, with reconstruction of the latter two structures. The tumour grows over a very large surface area, and for that reason the risk of local recurrence following…

Paraguay: The Horacio Cartes presidency: …been carried out by the Paraguayan People’s Army (EPP), which was formally organized in 2008 but had been active for some two decades. The tiny Marxist group (thought to comprise only several dozen members) may have killed as many as 60 people since beginning its rebellion, which was carried out…

end-plate potential (EPP), chemically induced change in electric potential of the motor end plate, the portion of the muscle-cell membrane that lies opposite the terminal of a nerve fibre at the neuromuscular junction. The end-plate membrane is electrically polarized, the inside being negative with

European People’s Party (EPP), transnational political group representing the interests of allied conservative parties in Europe, particularly in the European Union (EU). The EPP was formed in 1953 as the Christian Democrat Group, which acted as a transnational political party in the Common

mosaic: Renaissance to modern mosaics: Francisco Eppens also used historical themes in his mosaic decorations of the schools of medicine and dentistry at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (1957), as did Xavier Guerro in the Cine Ermita in Mexico City. Carlos Mérida, however, created abstract mosaic designs in the…

Epperson v. State of Arkansas, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on November 12, 1968, ruled (9–0) that an Arkansas law barring the teaching of evolution in public schools violated the First Amendment’s establishment clause, which generally prohibits the government from establishing, advancing,

Patrick McGorry: …appointed director of the university’s Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC), which offers services intended to diagnose and treat the early symptoms of psychosis. Also in 1992 he became an associate professor of psychiatry, and in 1996 he became director of the university’s Centre for Young People’s Mental Health…

Epping Forest, district, administrative and historic county of Essex, England. It occupies the southwestern part of the county at the northeastern edge of Greater London. The name also refers to an ancient tract of woodland that crosses the district. The original forest was a royal hunting ground

Nebraska: Transportation: Eppley Airfield in Omaha is one of the country’s largest airports and the largest in Nebraska. It offers nonstop flights to many domestic cities.

sunlight: The Eppley pyrheliometer measures the length of time that the surface receives sunlight and the sunshine’s intensity as well. It consists of two concentric silver rings of equal area, one blackened and the other whitened, connected to a thermopile. The sun’s rays warm the blackened ring…

Solomon Northup: …by Ford and Tibaut to Edwin Epps, under whose ownership he remained for the next decade. Epps used Northup both as an artisan slave and as a field hand, occasionally leasing him out to sugar planters and processors. Throughout this time, Northup was often a “driver” in charge of other…

Meave G. Leakey is a British paleoanthropologist who was part of a family that gained renown for decades of pioneering hominin research in eastern Africa. As a college student, Epps planned to be a marine zoologist, and she earned a B.S. in zoology and marine zoology from the University of North

extended producer responsibility, a practice and a policy approach in which producers take responsibility for management of the disposal of products they produce once those products are designated as no longer useful by consumers. Responsibility for disposal may be fiscal, physical, or a

electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), selective absorption of weak radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (in the microwave region) by unpaired electrons in the atomic structure of certain materials that simultaneously are subjected to a constant, strong magnetic field. The unpaired electrons,

chemical analysis: Microwave absorptiometry: …for nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, electron spin resonance spectrometry is used to study spinning electrons. The absorbed radiation falls in the microwave spectral region and induces transitions in the spin states of the electrons. An externally applied magnetic field is required. The technique is effective for studying structures and reactions…

carbene: Electronic configuration and molecular structure.: …and are referred to as singlet states. In principle, carbenes can exist in either the singlet or triplet state (depending upon whether the electrons are in the same or different orbitals, respectively).

Albert Einstein: Increasing professional isolation and death: …quantum theory led to the EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) thought experiment. According to quantum theory, under certain circumstances two electrons separated by huge distances would have their properties linked, as if by an umbilical cord. Under these circumstances, if the properties of the first electron were measured, the state of the second…

Abiy Ahmed: Entry into politics: …which was part of the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) ruling coalition. In the following years he would go on to earn a master’s degree in transformational leadership (2011) from the International Leadership Institute in Addis Ababa, in partnership with Greenwich University in London; a master’s in business administration…

EPROM, form of computer memory that does not lose its content when the power supply is cut off and that can be erased and reused. EPROMs are generally employed for programs designed for repeated use but that can be upgraded with a later version of a program. EPROMs are erased with ultraviolet

Ethiopia: Socialist Ethiopia (1974–91): One of them, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party (EPRP), believed so strongly in civilian rule that it undertook urban guerrilla war against the military rulers, and anarchy ensued in the following years.

mental disorder: Antipsychotic agents: These symptoms, which are called extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), resemble those of Parkinson disease and include tremor of the limbs, bradykinesia (slowness of movement with loss of facial expression, absence of arm-swinging during walking, and a general muscular rigidity), dystonia (sudden sustained contraction of muscle groups, causing abnormal postures),

EBITDA: Using EBITDA: …how EBITDA differs from headline earnings per share (EPS) or revenue, here’s a simple summary:

Epsilon Aurigae, binary star system of about third magnitude having one of the longest orbital periods (27 years) among eclipsing binaries (see eclipsing variable star). It is located an estimated 2,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Auriga. The primary star is a yellow-white star

Adhara, the 22nd brightest star in the sky and one of the 57 stars of celestial navigation. The Bayer designation of Adhara is Epsilon Canis Majoris. (Epsilon is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, but Adhara is actually the second brightest star in the constellation, after Sirius. German

star: Hertzsprung-Russell diagram: …orange K-type stars such as Epsilon Eridani and finally to M-type red dwarfs thousands of times fainter than the Sun. The sequence is continuous; the luminosities fall off smoothly with decreasing surface temperature; the masses and radii decrease but at a much slower rate; and the stellar densities gradually increase.

star: Classification of spectral types: …hot B-type stars, such as Epsilon Orionis, are characterized by lines of helium and of singly ionized oxygen, nitrogen, and neon. In very hot O-type stars, lines of ionized helium appear. Other prominent features include lines of doubly ionized nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon and of triply ionized silicon, all of…

Sagittarius: The brightest star is Kaus Australis (from the Arabic for “bow” and the Latin for “southern,” respectively; it is also called Epsilon Sagittarii), with a magnitude of 1.9. Many of the stars are arranged in the prominent asterism called the Teapot.

Epsom and Ewell, borough (district), administrative and historic county of Surrey, England. It is located at the foot of the North Downs, on the southwestern periphery of Greater London. The borough comprises three main conurbations: Epsom, Ewell, and Stoneleigh. The town of Epsom is the

Epsom Derby, one of the five classic English horse races, along with the Saint Leger, the Oaks, the 1,000 Guineas, and the 2,000 Guineas. With a field limited to three-year-old colts and fillies, the Derby is run on turf on the first Saturday in June over a 1 1 2 -mile (about 2,400-metre) course at

Epsom Derby: … -mile (about 2,400-metre) course at Epsom Downs, Surrey, England.

Epsom and Ewell: …mineral springs there (from which Epsom salts were named). Stoneleigh, which was developed from farm fields and woods in the 1930s, took its name from the Stone family, which had owned the land, and from a mansion that had been located on their property.

epsomite, a common sulfate mineral, hydrated magnesium sulfate (MgSO4·7H2O). Its deposits are formed by evaporation of mineral waters, as at Epsom, Surrey, Eng., where it was discovered in 1695. It also is found as crusts and efflorescences in coal or metal mines, in limestone caves, and in the

Brian Epstein was an English music manager and entrepreneur who discovered the Beatles in the early 1960s, transforming the group from a regional band into one of the world’s most famous music groups. Because of his influential role, Epstein was often referred to as “the fifth Beatle.” Epstein’s

Brian Epstein was an English music manager and entrepreneur who discovered the Beatles in the early 1960s, transforming the group from a regional band into one of the world’s most famous music groups. Because of his influential role, Epstein was often referred to as “the fifth Beatle.” Epstein’s

Jeffrey Epstein was an American serial sex trafficker, pedophile, and financier. Through his successful financial career, Epstein became a multimillionaire and developed a social circle that included extremely wealthy individuals, prominent politicians, and even royalty. He was eventually accused

Sir Jacob Epstein was one of the leading portrait sculptors of the 20th century, whose work, though seldom innovative, was widely heralded for its perceptive depiction of the sitter’s character and its modeling technique. Epstein’s early ambition was to be a painter, and he spent his adolescence

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), virus of the Herpesviridae family that is the major cause of acute infectious mononucleosis, a common syndrome characterized by fever, sore throat, extreme fatigue, and swollen lymph glands. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was first reported by British scientists M.A. Epstein,

hagfish: …represented in every ocean, and Eptatretidae, represented everywhere but the North Atlantic.

serotine, (genus Eptesicus), any of 23 species of vesper bats (family Vespertilionidae). Frequently, the name serotine is used for Old World members of the genus, and brown bat is used for New World

brown bat: The big brown bat (E. fuscus) is a common North American species, and the serotine (E. serotinus) is a stoutly built Eurasian form.

brown bat: …North American species, and the serotine (E. serotinus) is a stoutly built Eurasian form.

Karnak: …temples, called in ancient times Ipet-Isut, “Chosen of Places.” The ruins cover a considerable area and are still impressive, though nothing remains of the houses, palaces, and gardens that must have surrounded the temple precinct in ancient times. The most northerly temple is the Temple of Mont, the war god,…

international payment and exchange: The Basel Group: …in their postwar reconstruction, a European Payments Union was established to facilitate multilateral trade and settlements in advance of the time when it might be possible to reestablish full multilateralism on a world scale. The war had left a jumble of trade restrictions that could not be quickly abolished. The…

Roman religion: Priests: …of the other body, the epulones, supervised religious feasts. There were also fetiales, priestly officials who were concerned with various aspects of international relationships, such as treaties and declarations of war. Also six Vestal Virgins, chosen as young girls from the old patrician families, tended the shrine and fire of…

Ituri Forest: Climate and drainage: …Nepoko in the north, the Epulu and Nduye in the centre, and the Ibina in the south. None of these rivers is navigable, even by pirogue, for more than a few miles. The streams are fed by rains that are highly variable from month to month and from year to…

Isle of Axholme: The chief settlement is Epworth, the birthplace of John and Charles Wesley, founders of Methodism, whose father was rector of the parish; the church survives, and the restored rectory is maintained as a museum.

epyllion, brief narrative poem in dactylic hexameter of ancient Greece, usually dealing with mythological and romantic themes. It is characterized by lively description, miniaturistic attitude, scholarly allusion, and an elevated tone similar to that of the elegy. Such poems were especially popular

Regiomontanus: …household and completed Peuerbach’s half-finished Epitome (c. 1462; first printed in 1496 as Epytoma…in Almagestum Ptolomei). His demonstration of an alternative to Ptolemy’s models for the orbits of Mercury and Venus with respect to the Sun gave Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) the geometric key to reorient planetary motions around the Sun.…

emotional intelligence, set of psychological faculties that enable individuals to perceive, understand, express, and control their emotions and to discern and respond appropriately to the emotions of others. Emotional intelligence facilitates thoughts and actions that take emotions into

quality of life: Applications: …of these measures is the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D), which addresses five dimensions of health: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The five dimensions are divided into sublevels of patient-perceived problems (e.g., “no problems,” “severe problems”), from which a health state (or health profile) can be generated. The values attached…

aspartame, synthetic organic compound (a dipeptide) of phenylalanine and aspartic acid. It is 150–200 times as sweet as cane sugar and is used as a nonnutritive tabletop sweetener and in low-calorie prepared foods (brand names NutraSweet, Equal) but is not suitable for baking. Because of its

nuclear fission: Fission decay chains and charge distribution: …empirical observation is called the equal charge displacement (ECD) hypothesis, and it has been confirmed by several physical measurements. In the above example the ECD would predict the most probable charges at about rubidium-37 and cesium-55. A strong shell effect modifies the ECD expectations for fragments having 50 protons. The…

speciesism: …on what he calls the principle of equal consideration of interests (PEC). This is the claim that one should give equal weight in one’s moral decision making to the like interests of all those affected by one’s actions. According to Singer, the PEC expresses what most people now understand (or…

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), government agency established on July 2, 1965, by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to “ensure equality of opportunity by vigorously enforcing federal legislation prohibiting discrimination in employment”—particularly discrimination on the

equal opportunity, in political theory, the idea that people ought to be able to compete on equal terms, or on a “level playing field,” for advantaged offices and positions. Proponents of equal opportunity believe that the principle is compatible with, and indeed may justify, inequalities of

Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA), landmark U.S. legislation mandating equal pay for equal work, in a measure to end gender-based disparity. The National War Labor Board first advocated equal pay for equal work in 1942, and an equal pay act was proposed in 1945. Eighteen years later, on June 10, 1963,

equal protection, in United States law, the constitutional guarantee that no person or group will be denied the protection under the law that is enjoyed by similar persons or groups. In other words, persons similarly situated must be similarly treated. Equal protection is extended when the rules of

equality, Generally, an ideal of uniformity in treatment or status by those in a position to affect either. Acknowledgment of the right to equality often must be coerced from the advantaged by the disadvantaged. Equality of opportunity was the founding creed of U.S. society, but equality among all

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would invalidate many state and federal laws that discriminate against women; its central underlying principle is that sex should not determine the legal rights of men or women. The text of the Equal Rights Amendment