Tetsuya Fujita: …American meteorologist who created the Fujita Scale, or F-Scale, a system of classifying tornado intensity based on damage to structures and vegetation. He also discovered macrobursts and microbursts, weather phenomena that are associated with severe thunderstorms and are hazards to aviation.

Tetsuya Fujita was a Japanese-born American meteorologist who created the Fujita Scale, or F-Scale, a system of classifying tornado intensity based on damage to structures and vegetation. He also discovered macrobursts and microbursts, weather phenomena that are associated with severe thunderstorms

Fujita Tōko was one of the Japanese scholars who inspired the movement that in 1868 overthrew the feudal Tokugawa shogunate, restored direct rule to the emperor, and attempted to strengthen Japan to meet the challenge of Western imperialist powers. Born into a high samurai family, Fujita succeeded

Fujita Tsuguharu was a Japanese expatriate painter who applied French oil techniques to Japanese-style paintings. He was a member of the School of Paris, a group of now-famous artists who resided in the Montparnasse district of that city. In 1910 Fujita graduated from what is now the Tokyo

Fujita Tsuguharu was a Japanese expatriate painter who applied French oil techniques to Japanese-style paintings. He was a member of the School of Paris, a group of now-famous artists who resided in the Montparnasse district of that city. In 1910 Fujita graduated from what is now the Tokyo

Tetsuya Fujita was a Japanese-born American meteorologist who created the Fujita Scale, or F-Scale, a system of classifying tornado intensity based on damage to structures and vegetation. He also discovered macrobursts and microbursts, weather phenomena that are associated with severe thunderstorms

Tetsuya Fujita was a Japanese-born American meteorologist who created the Fujita Scale, or F-Scale, a system of classifying tornado intensity based on damage to structures and vegetation. He also discovered macrobursts and microbursts, weather phenomena that are associated with severe thunderstorms

Tetsuya Fujita was a Japanese-born American meteorologist who created the Fujita Scale, or F-Scale, a system of classifying tornado intensity based on damage to structures and vegetation. He also discovered macrobursts and microbursts, weather phenomena that are associated with severe thunderstorms

Tetsuya Fujita was a Japanese-born American meteorologist who created the Fujita Scale, or F-Scale, a system of classifying tornado intensity based on damage to structures and vegetation. He also discovered macrobursts and microbursts, weather phenomena that are associated with severe thunderstorms

Fujitsu Limited, Japanese electronics, computers, information technology, and telecommunications company, with over 500 subsidiaries and affiliates worldwide. Headquarters are in Tokyo. Fujitsu was established in 1935 when it broke away from Fuji Electric Company, a joint venture started in 1923 by

Zeami was the greatest playwright and theorist of the Japanese Noh theatre. He and his father, Kan’ami (1333–84), were the creators of the Noh drama in its present form. Under the patronage of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, whose favour Zeami enjoyed after performing before him in 1374, the Noh

Japanese architecture: The Hakuhō period: …the planned capital site at Fujiwara. Of the four, only Yakushi Temple has survived, although not at Fujiwara but as an exact replica in Nara, constructed after the move of the capital in 710.

Fujiwara Shunzei was a Japanese poet and critic, an innovator of waka (classical court poems) and compiler of the Senzaishū (“Collection of a Thousand Years”), the seventh Imperial anthology of classical Japanese poetry. As a member of the aristocratic Fujiwara clan, Shunzei followed a career in

Fujiwara Family, dynastic family that, by shrewd intermarriage and diplomacy, dominated the Japanese imperial government from the 9th to the 12th century. The power and authority of the Fujiwara family rested not on military prowess but on political strategy and on the family’s special relationship

Fujiwara Fuhito was a Japanese statesman whose descendants formed the four houses of the Fujiwara family that dominated Japan between 857 and 1160. Fuhito was the son of the famous Nakatomi Kamatari (614–669), who was granted the new surname Fujiwara as a reward for having helped plan the coup

Fujiwara Kamatari was the founder of the great Fujiwara family that dominated Japan from the 9th to the 12th centuries. In the early 7th century the powerful Soga family totally dominated the Japanese Imperial court. In 645, however, along with an Imperial prince who later reigned as the emperor

Fujiwara Michinaga was the most powerful of the Fujiwara regents, during whose reign the Imperial capital in Kyōto achieved its greatest splendour, and the Fujiwara family, which dominated the Japanese court between 857 and 1160, reached the apogee of its rule. Michinaga was the son of Kaneie, the

Fujiwara Mototsune was a Japanese regent, creator (in 880) of the post of kampaku, or chancellor, through which he acted as regent for four adult emperors until his death. This post allowed the Fujiwara family to dominate the Japanese government for more than three centuries. Mototsune’s uncle, and

Japanese art: Nara period: …an important minister of state, Fujiwara Nakamaro (706–764), attempted reforms and more equitable taxation. Nakamaro, whose instincts were essentially Confucian, was in conflict with the firmly established Buddhist clergy led by the powerful monk Dōkyō. As counselor to the empress Kōken (718–770), who later reigned also under the name of…

Fujiwara Nobuzane was a courtier, poet, and the leading Japanese painter in the 13th century, who carried on the tradition of realistic portrait painting begun by his father, Takanobu. Of the many paintings attributed to Nobuzane, “The 36 Major Poets” is the best documented. Originally a painting

Fujiwara Sadaie was one of the greatest poets of his age and Japan’s most influential poetic theorist and critic until modern times. Fujiwara was the son and poetic heir of the gifted and influential Shunzei (or Toshinari, 1114–1204), compiler of the seventh Imperial anthology of Japanese poetry,

Japan: The Tokugawa status system: Fujiwara Seika is regarded as the father of Tokugawa Neo-Confucianism, lecturing even to Ieyasu himself. Seika’s student, the Chu Hsi scholar Hayashi Razan, served as advisor to the first three shoguns. He established what was to become the official Confucian school, which provided philosophical guidance…

Fujiwara Shunzei was a Japanese poet and critic, an innovator of waka (classical court poems) and compiler of the Senzaishū (“Collection of a Thousand Years”), the seventh Imperial anthology of classical Japanese poetry. As a member of the aristocratic Fujiwara clan, Shunzei followed a career in

Fujiwara style, Japanese sculptural style of the Late Heian period (897–1185), known also as the Fujiwara period. Although many sculptures at the beginning of the period are in essence continuations of the Jōgan style, by the middle of the period a radical change had occurred in the style of the

Fujiwara Yukinari: …others were Ono Tōfū and Fujiwara Sukemasa, and the three perfected the style of writing called jōdai-yō (“ancient style”).

Fujiwara Sumitomo was a notorious Japanese pirate leader. Originally a government official, he was dispatched by the court to eliminate pirates plaguing the Inland Sea, which connects central and south Japan. A traitor to the trust placed in him, Sumitomo became the leader of the pirates and other

Fujiwara Tadahira was a Japanese statesman who assumed the leadership of the Fujiwara family in 909 upon the death of his brother Tokihira. Although in his later years Tokihira had begun to dominate the government, he had never assumed the title of kampaku (chancellor). The post had been created

Fujiwara Takanobu was a leading Japanese portrait artist of his day. He created a type of simple, realistic painting, the nise-e (“likeness picture”), popular throughout the Kamakura period (1192–1333). Of his three surviving portrait paintings, all in the Jingō-ji in Kyōto, perhaps the most famous

Fujiwara Sadaie was one of the greatest poets of his age and Japan’s most influential poetic theorist and critic until modern times. Fujiwara was the son and poetic heir of the gifted and influential Shunzei (or Toshinari, 1114–1204), compiler of the seventh Imperial anthology of Japanese poetry,

Fujiwara Tokihira was a Japanese Imperial minister who checked the efforts of the emperor Uda (reigned 887–897) to halt the domination of the Japanese government by the Fujiwara family. Tokihira’s father, Fujiwara Mototsune, had created and occupied the post of kampaku, or chancellor, a position

Fujiwara Shunzei was a Japanese poet and critic, an innovator of waka (classical court poems) and compiler of the Senzaishū (“Collection of a Thousand Years”), the seventh Imperial anthology of classical Japanese poetry. As a member of the aristocratic Fujiwara clan, Shunzei followed a career in

Fujiwara Shunzei: …Fujiwara Sadaie and his granddaughter Fujiwara Toshinari no Musume, whom he helped rear, were also early practitioners of the waka style.

Minamoto Yoritomo: The Kamakura shogunate: In 1185 he destroyed Fujiwara Yasuhira, an independent noble of the Tohoku area, demonstrating his ambition to create a power structure independent of the capital, at Kyōto. In 1192, a few months after his old rival Go-Shirakawa’s death, Yoritomo, now with no one to hinder his ultimate ambition, titled…

Fujiwara Yorimichi was an imperial courtier who, as regent for three emperors, dominated the Japanese government for 52 years (1016–68). Yorimichi’s failure to maintain control over the countryside and to prevent quarrels among his kinsmen, however, furthered the decline of the powerful Fujiwara

Fujiwara Yoshifusa was an imperial courtier under whom the Fujiwara family began its three-century-long domination of the Japanese imperial government. By the middle of the 9th century the Fujiwara clan had become powerful at court, mainly because of the consistent choice of its women as imperial

Fujiwara Yukinari was a Japanese calligrapher, known as one of the Sanseki (“Three Brush Traces”), in effect the finest calligraphers of the age. The others were Ono Tōfū and Fujiwara Sukemasa, and the three perfected the style of writing called jōdai-yō (“ancient style”). Yukinari was the son of a

film noir: Defining the genre: Film scholar Chris Fujiwara contends that the makers of such films “didn’t think of them as ‘films noir’; they thought they were making crime films, thrillers, mysteries, and romantic melodramas. The nonexistence of ‘noir’ as a production category during the supposed heyday of noir obviously problematizes the…

Mount Fuji, highest mountain in Japan. It rises to 12,388 feet (3,776 metres) near the Pacific Ocean coast in Yamanashi and Shizuoka ken (prefectures) of central Honshu, about 60 miles (100 km) west of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area. It is a volcano that has been dormant since its last

Wanda Jackson: …achieved international success with “Fujiyama Mama” (1957) in Japan and with a German-language rendition of “Santo Domingo” (1965).

Fukang’an was a famous military commander of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). A member of the Manchu forces of Manchuria (now Northeast China) who had established the Qing dynasty, Fukang’an inherited a minor post in the government. After distinguishing himself in battle, he was made military

Fukaya, city, northern Saitama ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It is situated between the Ara and Tone rivers, about 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Kumagaya. Fukaya was an early market and post town that changed little before World War II. Ceramic tile production was the main traditional

Fujian, sheng (province) on the southeastern coast of China, situated opposite the island of Taiwan. It is bordered by the provinces of Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the southwest; the East China Sea lies to the northeast, the Taiwan Strait (between the mainland and

Fukko Shintō, school of Japanese religion prominent in the 18th century that attempted to uncover the pure meaning of ancient Shintō thought through philological study of the Japanese classics. The school had a lasting influence on the development of modern Shintō thought. Kada Azumamaro

Japanese art: Sculpture: …hollow-core lacquer sculpture of the Fukūkenjaku Kannon functions as the central image. This work is probably the most prominent of a number of images of the deity created in the 740s at the command of Emperor Shōmu. It is flanked by two clay images of the bodhisattvas Gakkō and Nikkō…

history of publishing: Continental Europe and other countries: …publisher, the dramatist and educator Fukuchi Gen’ichirō, had studied Western newspapers on his official travels abroad for the Japanese government (and who was later, in 1874, to preside over the Nichi-Nichi shimbun, a paper that was closer to Western newspapers in style). The government soon suppressed these publications and promulgated…

Fukuda Takeo: The Fukuda Doctrine, enunciated in 1977, declared Japan’s resolve to never again become a military power and to strive to strengthen its relations with the nations of Southeast Asia. Fukuda was also instrumental in concluding the 1978 treaty of peace and friendship with China.

Fukuda Takeo was a Japanese financial specialist who was prime minister from 1976 to 1978. Born into a wealthy farming family of Gumma ken (prefecture), Fukuda attended the finest schools and, upon graduating from Tokyo University (1929), immediately entered the Ministry of Finance. He was a member

Fukuda Yasuo is a Japanese politician, who was prime minister of Japan from 2007 to 2008. Fukuda was born into a well-known political family: his father, Fukuda Takeo, was the Japanese prime minister from 1976 to 1978. After graduating from Tokyo’s Waseda University in 1959, Fukuda Yasuo worked at

Fukui, ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan, on the Sea of Japan (East Sea) coast. It includes the low Fukui Plain in the west, which rises eastward to high mountains. To the southwest, the prefecture extends along the coast of Wakasa Bay, which is broken by cliffs, deep embayments, and

Japanese art: Jōmon period: …of stratified layers in the Fukui Cave, Nagasaki prefecture in northwestern Kyushu, yielded shards of dirt-brown pottery with applied and incised or impressed decorative elements in linear relief and parallel ridges. The pottery was low-fired, and reassembled pieces are generally minimally decorated and have a small round-bottomed shape. Radiocarbon dating…

Fukui Kenichi was a Japanese chemist, corecipient with Roald Hoffmann of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1981 for their independent investigations of the mechanisms of chemical reactions. Fukui took little interest in chemistry before enrolling at Kyoto University, where he studied engineering,

Fukui Toshihiko is a Japanese economist and banker who served as governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) from 2003 to 2008. Fukui earned a law degree from the University of Tokyo in 1958 and upon graduation embarked on a long career with the BOJ. Over the next 40 years, he was appointed to a succession

Japanese art: Sculpture: …hollow-core lacquer sculpture of the Fukūkenjaku Kannon functions as the central image. This work is probably the most prominent of a number of images of the deity created in the 740s at the command of Emperor Shōmu. It is flanked by two clay images of the bodhisattvas Gakkō and Nikkō…

Fukuoka, city and port, capital of Fukuoka ken (prefecture), northern Kyushu, Japan. It is located on the southern coast of Hakata Bay, about 40 miles (65 km) southwest of Kitakyūshū, and incorporates the former city of Hakata. Hakata Bay was the site of a storm—what the Japanese called a kamikaze

Fukuoka, ken (prefecture), northern Kyushu, Japan. Fukuoka faces the Tsushima Strait (Eastern Channel) to the west, the Inland Sea to the northwest, the Shimonoseki Strait to the north, and the Ariake Sea to the south. Rivers draining seaward have built up extensive plains. The western coast of

Pacific League: …of the Chiba Lotte Marines, Fukuoka Softbank Hawks, Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters, Orix Buffaloes, Saitama Seibu Lions, and Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. The regular playing season culminates in the Japan Series, a seven-game series between the respective champion teams of the Pacific and Central leagues.

Pacific League: …of the Chiba Lotte Marines, Fukuoka Softbank Hawks, Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters, Orix Buffaloes, Saitama Seibu Lions, and Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. The regular playing season culminates in the Japan Series, a seven-game series between the respective champion teams of the Pacific and Central leagues.

Kaihō Yūshō: These portraits are called fukuro-e after the loosely defined garments that seem to hang like voluminous sacks upon the figures.

Fukurokuju, (from Japanese fuku, “happiness”; roku, “wealth”; and ju, “longevity”), in Japanese mythology, one of the Shichi-fuku-jin (Seven Gods of Luck). He represents longevity and wisdom. Like Jurōjin, another of the seven, with whom he is sometimes confused, he is said to have once lived on

Fukurokuju, (from Japanese fuku, “happiness”; roku, “wealth”; and ju, “longevity”), in Japanese mythology, one of the Shichi-fuku-jin (Seven Gods of Luck). He represents longevity and wisdom. Like Jurōjin, another of the seven, with whom he is sometimes confused, he is said to have once lived on

Fukushima, ken (prefecture), northeastern Honshu, Japan, facing the Pacific Ocean. It is mostly mountainous, and settlement is concentrated in small interior basins and along the coast. Inawashiro Lake, 40 square miles (100 square km) in area, occupies the centre of the prefecture. The southeastern

Fukushima accident, accident in 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi (“Number One”) plant in northern Japan, the second worst nuclear accident (after the Chernobyl disaster of 1986) in the history of nuclear power generation. The site is on Japan’s Pacific coast, in northeastern Fukushima prefecture about

Fukushima accident, accident in 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi (“Number One”) plant in northern Japan, the second worst nuclear accident (after the Chernobyl disaster of 1986) in the history of nuclear power generation. The site is on Japan’s Pacific coast, in northeastern Fukushima prefecture about

Fukushima accident, accident in 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi (“Number One”) plant in northern Japan, the second worst nuclear accident (after the Chernobyl disaster of 1986) in the history of nuclear power generation. The site is on Japan’s Pacific coast, in northeastern Fukushima prefecture about

Fukuyama, city, southeastern Hiroshima ken (prefecture), western Honshu, Japan. It lies on the delta of the Ashida River, facing the Inland Sea. It was a small fishing village before the construction of Fukuyama Castle in 1619–22, and it subsequently developed as a commercial port for the

Francis Fukuyama is an American writer and political theorist perhaps best known for his belief that the triumph of liberal democracy at the end of the Cold War marked the last ideological stage in the progression of human history. Fukuyama studied classics at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Fukuzawa Yukichi was a Japanese author, educator, and publisher who was probably the most influential man outside government service in the Japan of the Meiji Restoration (1868), following the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate. He led the struggle to introduce Western ideas in order to increase,

Eritrea: Cultural life: …of fish, vegetables, and meat), ful (baked beans), dorho (roasted chicken), ga’at (porridge), and shiro (lentils). These dishes are seldom eaten without a side dish of fiery berbere, a locally produced pepper that figures prominently in Eritrean cooking. Eritrean food also shows many influences from the country’s erstwhile Italian occupiers,…

western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: The Fulani language, however, is classified as part of the Niger-Congo family of languages spoken by Black Africans, and the earliest historical documentation reports that the Fulani were living in the westernmost Sudan close to ancient Ghana. The development of this organized kingdom thrust pastoral peoples…

western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: The Fulani language, however, is classified as part of the Niger-Congo family of languages spoken by Black Africans, and the earliest historical documentation reports that the Fulani were living in the westernmost Sudan close to ancient Ghana. The development of this organized kingdom thrust pastoral peoples…

Fula Rapids, rapids on the Baḥr al-Jabal (Mountain Nile), about 4 miles (6.5 km) below Nimule, South Sudan. A large island divides the river, the eastern channel of which carries most of the water. At the island’s southern end, the river enters the 2-mile- (3.2-km-) long stretch of rapids with a

African literature: Afrikaans: In 1954 Arthur Fula became one of the first black Africans to write a novel in Afrikaans. Audrey Blignault and Elise Muller wrote short stories and essays. Anna M. Louw wrote novels.

western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: The Fulani language, however, is classified as part of the Niger-Congo family of languages spoken by Black Africans, and the earliest historical documentation reports that the Fulani were living in the westernmost Sudan close to ancient Ghana. The development of this organized kingdom thrust pastoral peoples…

Fulani, a primarily Muslim people scattered throughout many parts of Africa, mostly in West Africa from Lake Chad in the east to the Atlantic coast. They are concentrated principally in Nigeria, Mali, Guinea, Senegal, and Niger but can also be found in several other countries. The Fulani language,

Fulani empire, Muslim theocracy of the Western Sudan that flourished in the 19th century. The Fulani, a people of obscure origins, expanded eastward from Futa Toro in Lower Senegal in the 14th century. By the 16th century they had established themselves at Macina (upstream from the Niger Bend) and

western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: The Fulani language, however, is classified as part of the Niger-Congo family of languages spoken by Black Africans, and the earliest historical documentation reports that the Fulani were living in the westernmost Sudan close to ancient Ghana. The development of this organized kingdom thrust pastoral peoples…

Fulani, a primarily Muslim people scattered throughout many parts of Africa, mostly in West Africa from Lake Chad in the east to the Atlantic coast. They are concentrated principally in Nigeria, Mali, Guinea, Senegal, and Niger but can also be found in several other countries. The Fulani language,

western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: The Fulani language, however, is classified as part of the Niger-Congo family of languages spoken by Black Africans, and the earliest historical documentation reports that the Fulani were living in the westernmost Sudan close to ancient Ghana. The development of this organized kingdom thrust pastoral peoples…

Saint Fulbert of Chartres ; feast day April 10) was a French bishop of Chartres who developed the cathedral school there into one of Europe’s chief centres of learning. Educated at Reims under Gerbert (later Pope Sylvester II), Fulbert was appointed chancellor of the cathedral of Chartres in 990,

J. William Fulbright: …the House was the 1943 Fulbright Resolution, putting the House on record as favouring U.S. participation in a postwar international organization. This organization at its founding in 1945 was named the United Nations.

Fulbright scholarship, educational grant under an international exchange scholarship program created to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries through the medium of educational and cultural exchange. The program was conceived by Sen.

J. William Fulbright was an American senator who initiated the international exchange program for scholars known as the Fulbright scholarship. He is also known for his vocal and articulate criticism of U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam during his tenure as chairman of the Senate Foreign

J. William Fulbright was an American senator who initiated the international exchange program for scholars known as the Fulbright scholarship. He is also known for his vocal and articulate criticism of U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam during his tenure as chairman of the Senate Foreign

J. William Fulbright was an American senator who initiated the international exchange program for scholars known as the Fulbright scholarship. He is also known for his vocal and articulate criticism of U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam during his tenure as chairman of the Senate Foreign

Fulcher Of Chartres was a French chaplain and chronicler of the First Crusade. Apparently educated for the priesthood in Chartres, Fulcher attended the Council of Clermont and accompanied his overlord, Stephen of Blois, to southern Italy, Bulgaria, and Constantinople in 1096. In June 1097 he became

Clement IV was the pope from 1265 to 1268. An eminent jurist serving King St. Louis IX of France, Guido was ordained priest when his wife died c. 1256. He subsequently became bishop of Le Puy in 1257, archbishop of Narbonne in 1259, and cardinal in 1261. While on a diplomatic mission to England, he

lever: …can turn freely on the fulcrum f, enables a man to create at b a force P that is greater than the force F that he exerts at a. If, for example, the length af is five times bf, the force P is five times F. In the nutcracker, shown…

Fulda, city, Hessen Land (state), central Germany. It lies on the Fulda River between the Rhön and Vogelsberg mountains. It developed around a Benedictine abbey founded in 744 by Sturmi, a disciple of St. Boniface. The abbey became a missionary centre, and its school was one of Europe’s important

Fulda Gap, lowland corridor running southwest from the German state of Thuringia to Frankfurt am Main that, immediately following World War II, was identified by Western strategists as a possible route for a Soviet invasion of the American occupation zone from the eastern sector occupied by the

Fulda River, river, central Germany, a tributary of the Weser River. It rises on the Wasserkuppe (mountain) in the Rhön mountains and flows generally northward past the cities of Fulda, Bad Hersfeld, Melsungen, and Kassel. The main tributary is the Eder River, which joins it from the west above

Fulani, a primarily Muslim people scattered throughout many parts of Africa, mostly in West Africa from Lake Chad in the east to the Atlantic coast. They are concentrated principally in Nigeria, Mali, Guinea, Senegal, and Niger but can also be found in several other countries. The Fulani language,

Stevie Wonder: Book (1972), Innervisions (1973), Fulfillingness’ First Finale (1974), and Songs in the Key of Life (1976) were all regarded as masterpieces, and the last three of them won a slew of Grammy Awards, each of them being named album of the year. Those albums produced a steady stream of…

western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: The Fulani language, however, is classified as part of the Niger-Congo family of languages spoken by Black Africans, and the earliest historical documentation reports that the Fulani were living in the westernmost Sudan close to ancient Ghana. The development of this organized kingdom thrust pastoral peoples…

Henry Medwall: …an author remembered for his Fulgens and Lucrece, the first known secular play in English.

Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe ; feast day January 1) was an African bishop of Ruspe and theological writer who defended orthodoxy in 6th-century Africa against Arianism (q.v.). He also wrote polemics against Semi-Pelagianism (q.v.), the doctrine condemned at the Council of Orange (529). Fulgentius

Fabius Planciades Fulgentius was a Christian Latin writer of African origin, a mythographer and allegorical interpreter of Virgil. Though his writings are mediocre and fantastic, they exerted a great deal of influence on scholars of the Middle Ages, who followed his method of using allegory to

plant hopper, any member of several insect families of the order Homoptera, easily recognized because of the hollow, enlarged head extension that may appear luminous (see lanternfly). Plant hoppers feed on plant juices and excrete honeydew, a sweet by-product of digestion. Plant hoppers, ranging in

gastropod: Reproduction and life cycles: In Busycon, for example, each capsule may contain up to 1,000 eggs, but extensive cannibalization occurs upon unhatched eggs in the capsule and among the early hatched young. Strombus can lay a tubular string of eggs 23 metres (75 feet) long, with up to 460,000 eggs.…

gastropod: Reproduction and life cycles: In Busycon, for example, each capsule may contain up to 1,000 eggs, but extensive cannibalization occurs upon unhatched eggs in the capsule and among the early hatched young. Strombus can lay a tubular string of eggs 23 metres (75 feet) long, with up to 460,000 eggs.…

fulgurite, a glassy silica mineral (lechatelierite or amorphous SiO2) fused in the heat from a lightning strike. Fulgurite is a common mineral with two varieties. Sand fulgurites, the more common, are branching, more or less cylindrical tubes that are about one centimetre (one-half inch) to several