fuselage, central portion of the body of an airplane, designed to accommodate the crew, passengers, and cargo. It varies greatly in design and size according to the function of the aircraft. In a jet fighter the fuselage consists of a cockpit large enough only for the controls and pilot, but in a

Henry Fuseli was a Swiss-born artist whose paintings are among the most dramatic, original, and sensual works of his time. Fuseli was reared in an intellectual and artistic milieu and initially studied theology. Obliged to flee Zürich because of political entanglements, he went first to Berlin, and

Yves Béhar: …the design and branding firm Fuseproject. Béhar is widely known for his work on the XO and XO-3 laptops, which were created in partnership with American digital-media scientist Nicholas Negroponte and his nonprofit organization One Laptop per Child (OLPC).

Carolee Schneemann: Her first major film was Fuses: Part I of an Autobiographical Trilogy (1964–67)—for which she recorded and then collaged together filmed and painted frames of her and her husband, James Tenney (divorced 1968), having sex. Given its explicit content, Fuses did not have a broad viewership. The film was screened…

Fu Shen, a Chinese god of happiness, the deification of a 6th-century mandarin. As a generic title, the name Fu Shen denotes the beneficent gods of Chinese mythology. Yang Cheng (or Yang Xiji), who served the Wudi emperor (reigned 502–549 ce) as a criminal judge in Hunan province, was deeply

Zeami: …most important is the collection Fūshi kaden (1400–18; “The Transmission of the Flower of Acting Style,” also known as the Kaden sho), “flower” representing the freshness and appropriateness of fine acting—written as manuals for his pupils, Zeami said the actor must master three basic roles: the warrior, the woman, and…

Fushun, city, central Liaoning sheng (province), northeastern China. It is situated some 25 miles (40 km) east of Shenyang (Mukden), on the Hun River. In earlier times this area was on the frontier of Chinese settlement in Manchuria (Northeast China). It was the site of a customs station under the

alloy: The term fusible metals, or fusible alloys, denotes a group of alloys that have melting points below that of tin (232° C, 449° F). Most of these substances are mixtures of metals that by themselves have low melting points, such as tin, bismuth, and lead. Fusible alloys are used as…

alloy: The term fusible metals, or fusible alloys, denotes a group of alloys that have melting points below that of tin (232° C, 449° F). Most of these substances are mixtures of metals that by themselves have low melting points, such as tin, bismuth, and lead. Fusible alloys are used as…

angiosperm: Secondary vascular system: …two different cell types; the fusiform initials and the ray initials. The fusiform initials are elongated tapering cells that give rise to all cells of the vertical system of the secondary phloem and xylem (secondary tracheary elements, fibers, and sieve cells and the associated companion cells). The ray initials are…

small arm: The bolt action: …French employed Antoine-Alphonse Chassepot’s 11-mm Fusil d’Infanterie Modèle 1866 to devastating effect in such battles of the Franco-German War (1870–71) as Mars-la-Tour and Gravelotte. Close-order troop formations disappeared from the European scene as a result of these fights, and the cavalry charge was relegated to the past. The Chassepot rifle…

Robert Faesi: His Füsilier Wipf (1917; rev. ed. 1938), the story of a soldier of World War I, became popular as a film. Zürcher Idylle (1908; rev. ed. 1950; “The Zürich Idyll”) and one of his most important works, the epic saga Die Stadt der Väter, Die Stadt…

Édouard Maunick: …blacks in Nigeria, Maunick published Fusillez-moi (1970; “Shoot Me”), a cry of anguish at the martyrdom of the Biafran Igbos.

human sensory reception: Nerve function: The receptors and the gamma fibres of the muscle spindle form a neuromuscular loop that ensures that tension on the spindle is maintained within its efficient operating limits. The excitability of the muscle spindle also can be influenced through other neural pathways that control the general level of excitability…

coal: Macerals: …most common inertinite maceral is fusinite, which has a charcoal-like appearance with obvious cell texture. The cells may be either empty or filled with mineral matter, and the cell walls may have been crushed during compaction (bogen texture). Inertinites are derived from strongly altered or degraded plant material that is…

jazz-rock, popular musical form in which modern jazz improvisation is accompanied by the bass lines, drumming styles, and instrumentation of rock music, with a strong emphasis on electronic instruments and dance rhythms. Since the recordings of 1920s bands, notably Paul Whiteman’s, there have been

nuclear fusion, process by which nuclear reactions between light elements form heavier elements (up to iron). In cases where the interacting nuclei belong to elements with low atomic numbers (e.g., hydrogen [atomic number 1] or its isotopes deuterium and tritium), substantial amounts of energy are

welding: Basic principles of welding: In fusion welding the flux has a protective role in facilitating a controlled reaction of the metal and then preventing oxidation by forming a blanket over the molten material. Fluxes can be active and help in the process or inactive and simply protect the surfaces during…

fertilization, union of a sperm nucleus, of paternal origin, with an egg nucleus, of maternal origin, to form the primary nucleus of an embryo. In all organisms the essence of fertilization is, in fact, the fusion of the hereditary material of two different sex cells, or gametes, each of which

meteor and meteoroid: Basic features of meteors: …dark, glassy crust, called a fusion crust, which is produced by melting of its surface. Sometimes meteorites also end up with aerodynamic shapes and flow structures on their surfaces. These features indicate that the meteoroid remained in the same orientation during atmospheric entry, much like crewed spacecraft, rather than having…

chicken tikka masala: …first widely accepted example of fusion cuisine.

antiviral drug: Anti-HIV drugs: …of HIV drugs is the fusion inhibitors (e.g., enfuvirtide). Fusion inhibitors work by blocking the HIV virus from entering human cells. Serious side effects include allergic reactions and infections at sites where the medicine is given intravenously.

liquid: Phase diagram of a pure substance: Line TM is the melting curve and represents an equilibrium between solid and liquid; when this curve is crossed from left to right, solid changes to liquid with the associated abrupt change in properties.

Harry Stack Sullivan: …Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry and The Fusion of Psychiatry and Social Science (published posthumously in 1953 and 1964, respectively), among other works. After his death Sullivan’s theory of personality and his psychotherapeutic techniques had a continually growing influence, particularly in American psychoanalytic circles.

fusion reactor, a device to produce electrical power from the energy released in a nuclear fusion reaction. The use of nuclear fusion reactions for electricity generation remains theoretical. Since the 1930s, scientists have known that the Sun and other stars generate their energy by nuclear

fusion reactor, a device to produce electrical power from the energy released in a nuclear fusion reaction. The use of nuclear fusion reactions for electricity generation remains theoretical. Since the 1930s, scientists have known that the Sun and other stars generate their energy by nuclear

carbon group element: Crystal structure: …points, boiling points, and decreasing heat energies associated with fusion (melting), sublimation (change from solid to gas), and vaporization (change from liquid to gas) among these four elements, with increasing atomic number and atomic size, indicate a parallel weakening of the covalent bonds in this type of structure. The actual…

Steve Wozniak: …became the chief scientist at Fusion-Io, an American company that produces high-capacity, solid-state storage devices. Wozniak was serving on the company’s board of directors when he decided to become a full-time employee. After Fusion-Io was sold to SanDisk in 2014, Wozniak left the company to become chief scientist at Primary…

Lost Cause: …William Mahone, and the “Fusionists” of North Carolina in the 1890s, a coalition of Republicans and Populists. There is also a Southern literary tradition of rejection of the interpretation and values of the Lost Cause that stretches from George Washington Cable to William Faulkner, Robert Penn Warren (who wrote…

materials science: Steel: …1980s scientists at the Japanese Sumitomo Metal Industries developed a steel containing nitrogen (a gas that constitutes three-quarters of the Earth’s atmosphere) in addition to carbon and several other additives. Very high strengths (over 900 megapascals) and excellent toughness can be achieved on formed parts with this inexpensive addition after…

colorectal cancer: Causes and symptoms: …gut bacteria, including species of Fusobacterium, have been implicated in colorectal cancer; Fusobacterium are present at increased levels in colorectal cancer patients and can trigger inflammatory responses associated with tumour growth and progression.

Bayern Munich, German professional football (soccer) club based in Munich. Bayern Munich was founded in 1900 and has become Germany’s most famous and successful football club. Almost all of Bayern’s success has come since the 1960s. Bayern Munich was formed when members of the MTV 1879 Munich

Füssen, city, Bavaria Land (state), extreme southern Germany. It lies along the Lech River, at the east foot of the Allgäu Alps, near the Austrian border. The site of a Roman frontier station, the city developed around the Benedictine abbey of St. Magnus (founded 628) and was chartered about 1294.

Maximilian III Joseph: By the Peace of Füssen signed on April 22, 1745, he obtained restitution of his dominions lost by his father—on condition, however, that he formally acknowledge the Pragmatic Sanction and not seek the imperial title. He was a man of the Enlightenment, did much to encourage agriculture,…

Henry Fuseli was a Swiss-born artist whose paintings are among the most dramatic, original, and sensual works of his time. Fuseli was reared in an intellectual and artistic milieu and initially studied theology. Obliged to flee Zürich because of political entanglements, he went first to Berlin, and

Johann Fust was an early German printer, financial backer of Johann Gutenberg (the inventor of printing in Europe), and founder, with Peter Schoeffer, of the first commercially successful printing firm. Fust, a prominent goldsmith, lent Gutenberg 800 guilders in 1450 to perfect his movable-type

Hungarian literature: Early years: A fifth poet, Milán Füst, wrote little, but the dramatic metaphors and sonorous language of the work he did produce made his a lasting influence. In addition to his poetry he wrote an outstanding novel, A feleségem története (1942; “The Story of My Wife”).

Fusṭāṭ ware, in Islāmic ceramics, style of pottery originating from al-Fusṭāṭ (now part of Cairo), where, however, many deposits of imported ware have also been found. Its characteristic qualities are poorish white glaze and excellent lustre pigment varying from lemon to intense copper in colour.

al-Fusṭāṭ, capital of the province of Egypt during the Muslim caliphates of the Umayyad and Abbasid and succeeding dynasties, until captured by the Fāṭimid general Jawhar in 969. Founded in 641 by the Muslim conqueror of Egypt, ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ, on the east bank of the Nile River, south of modern

Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges was a French historian, the originator of the scientific approach to the study of history in France. After studying at the École Normale Supérieure, he was sent to the French school at Athens in 1853 and directed some excavations at Chios. From 1860 to 1870 he was

fustian, fabric originally made by weaving two sets of cotton wefts, or fillings, on a linen warp, popular during the European Middle Ages. The word has come to denote a class of heavy cotton fabrics, some of which have pile surfaces, including moleskin, velveteen, and corduroy. Fustian probably

fustic, either of two natural dyes. Old fustic, or yellowwood, is derived from the heartwood of dyer’s mulberry, a large, tropical American tree (Chlorophora tinctoria, or Maclura tinctoria) of the mulberry family, Moraceae. The dye produces yellows on wool mordanted (fixed) with chromium salts.

al-Maʿarrī: Al-Fuṣūl wa al-ghāyāt (“Paragraphs and Periods”), a collection of homilies in rhymed prose, has even been called a parody of the Qurʾān. Although an advocate of social justice and action, al-Maʿarrī suggested that children should not be begotten, in order to spare future generations the…

Fusulina, genus of extinct fusulinid foraminiferans (protozoans with a shell) found as fossils in marine rocks of Late Carboniferous age (286 to 320 million years old). Fusulina, an excellent index fossil for Late Carboniferous rocks, enables widely separated rocks to be

fusulinid, any of a large group of extinct foraminiferans (single-celled organisms related to the modern amoebas but having complex shells that are easily preserved as fossils). The fusulinids first appeared late in the Early Carboniferous Epoch, which ended 318 million years ago, and persisted

Fusulinella, genus of extinct fusulinid foraminiferans (protozoans with a shell) found as fossils in Late Carboniferous marine rocks (those formed between 320 and 286 million years ago). Because of its narrow time range and wide geographic distribution, Fusulinella is an excellent guide fossil for

fusulinid, any of a large group of extinct foraminiferans (single-celled organisms related to the modern amoebas but having complex shells that are easily preserved as fossils). The fusulinids first appeared late in the Early Carboniferous Epoch, which ended 318 million years ago, and persisted

fusulinid, any of a large group of extinct foraminiferans (single-celled organisms related to the modern amoebas but having complex shells that are easily preserved as fossils). The fusulinids first appeared late in the Early Carboniferous Epoch, which ended 318 million years ago, and persisted

fusulinid, any of a large group of extinct foraminiferans (single-celled organisms related to the modern amoebas but having complex shells that are easily preserved as fossils). The fusulinids first appeared late in the Early Carboniferous Epoch, which ended 318 million years ago, and persisted

interior design: Japan: …is great variety in the fusuma, or sliding doors, which divide the rooms and which are covered with paper of many patterns or decorated with paintings or calligraphy. Thus, the whole side of a room may present a landscape either in black and white or in colours, often on a…

Ibn al-ʿArabī: …in mystical philosophy in Islam, Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam, was composed in 1229, about 10 years before his death. Consisting only of 27 chapters, the book is incomparably smaller than Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyyah, but its importance as an expression of Ibn al-ʿArabī’s mystical thought in its most mature form cannot be overemphasized.

Fouta, semidesert region flanking the middle course of the Sénégal River and lying north of the Ferlo region, in northern Senegal. The banks of the Sénégal River are well-watered and fertile in the Fouta region, yet the thin, sandy clay of the region’s interior plains is infertile and porous. Water

Fouta Djallon, mountainous region of west-central Guinea. Consisting of a series of stepped sandstone plateaus with many picturesque trenches and gorges, the region serves as the watershed for some of western Africa’s greatest rivers. The Fouta Djallon covers an area of 30,000 square miles (77,000

Futabatei Shimei was a Japanese novelist and translator of Russian literature. His Ukigumo (1887–89; “The Drifting Clouds,” translated, with a study of his life and career, by M. Ryan as Japan’s First Modern Novel: Ukigumo of Futabatei Shimei), brought modern realism to the Japanese novel. Although

Yemen: Daily life and social customs: …it—but more often the traditional fūṭah, a saronglike wraparound kilt, is worn with a shirt. The turban is a common type of head covering, and a finely woven bamboo hat (shaped somewhat like a fez) called a kofiya (or kofia) is a more formal choice of headgear. There are various…

Ise-Shima National Park: Between Ise and Toba is Futamigaura beach and resort, famed for the two rocks called Meotoiwa, or “Wedded Rocks,” which one legend says sheltered the creators of Japan, Izanagi and Izanami.

Nikkō: …which is crowned by the Futarasan Shrine and is a popular destination for hikers. Waterfalls such as the 318-foot (97-metre) Kegon Falls and the recreation centre and trout hatchery of Lake Chūzenji are also in the park. Pop. (2005) 94,291; (2010) 90,066.

FC Barcelona, Spanish professional football (soccer) club located in Barcelona. FC Barcelona is renowned for its historically skillful and attractive brand of attacking football that places an emphasis on flowing, open play. The team is part of a wider sports and social club with thousands of

runic alphabet, writing system of uncertain origin used by Germanic peoples of northern Europe, Britain, Scandinavia, and Iceland from about the 3rd century to the 16th or 17th century ad. Runic writing appeared rather late in the history of writing and is clearly derived from one of the alphabets

bed: …quilted padding and coverlets called futons arranged directly on the floor, which was covered with tatami, or resilient mats of woven fibre. During the day the futons were stored in a cupboard, and the room was used for eating and general social gatherings. During the late 20th century futons became…

Tayama Katai: ” Futon (1907; “The Quilt”) made his reputation; it described in embarrassing detail the attraction of a middle-aged writer (the author) to a young female student. A trilogy of autobiographical novels, Sei (1908; “Life”), Tsuma (1908–09; “Wives”), and En (1910; “The Bond”), fixed the distinguishing form…

al-Balādhurī: …condensation of a longer history, Futūḥ al-buldān (The Origins of the Islamic State, 1916, 1924), tells of the wars and conquests of the Muslim Arabs from the time of the Prophet Muhammad. It covers the conquests of lands from Arabia west to Egypt, North Africa, and Spain and east to…

Ibn al-ʿArabī: …to begin his major work Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyyah, which was to be completed much later in Damascus. In 560 chapters, it is a work of tremendous size, a personal encyclopaedia extending over all the esoteric sciences in Islam as Ibn al-ʿArabī understood and had experienced them, together with valuable information about…

Fujian: Drainage: …stream of the Min, the Futun, is also called the Shaowu, for the chief city of the region; it flows down the eastern slopes of the Wuyi Mountains. The third source, the Sha, flows from the south and southwest, arising on the eastern slopes of another section of the Wuyi…

Horne Islands: …pair of volcanic islands (Futuna and Alofi) forming the southwestern part of the French overseas collectivity of Wallis and Futuna, in the west-central Pacific Ocean. Futuna (not to be confused with its namesake in Vanuatu, which is said to have been settled from Futuna) is the site of Mount…

Horne Islands, pair of volcanic islands (Futuna and Alofi) forming the southwestern part of the French overseas collectivity of Wallis and Futuna, in the west-central Pacific Ocean. Futuna (not to be confused with its namesake in Vanuatu, which is said to have been settled from Futuna) is the site

Norman Bel Geddes: …designs was the General Motors Futurama building and exhibit at the New York World’s Fair (1939–40). Geddes also designed theatres worldwide. He staged circuses, developed equipment and techniques for the armed services, and wrote books on many subjects.

Matt Groening: The Simpsons (1989– ) and Futurama (1999–2003, 2010–13).

salvation: Time: categories of past, present, and future. This time-consciousness is possessed by no other species with such insistent clarity. It enables humans to draw upon past experience in the present and to plan for future contingencies. This faculty, however, has another effect: it causes humans to be aware that they are…

history of logic: Developments in modal logic: …(1) whether propositions about future contingent events are now true or false (Aristotle had raised this question in De interpretatione, chapter 9), (2) whether a future contingent event can be known in advance, and (3) whether God (who, the tradition says, cannot be acted upon causally) can know future contingent…

Tim Flannery: His best-selling The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of Australasian Lands and People (1994) described how Australians had been using up their ecological resources to the detriment of their future. Seeing these resources as relatively limited, Flannery became a strong proponent of population control. In 1998–99 he…

Sam Brownback: …the state president of the Future Farmers of America in high school, where his passion for politics began. He graduated from Kansas State University (where he was student body president) in 1978 and received a law degree from the University of Kansas in 1982. After graduating from law school, Brownback…

Louise Erdrich: Novels: However, Future Home of the Living God (2017) was a departure from her previous works. The dystopian novel centers on the struggles of a pregnant woman following a catastrophic global event.

Jerzy Kosinski: …and published two nonfiction works, The Future Is Ours, Comrade: Conversations with the Russians (1960) and No Third Path (1962), under the pen name Joseph Novak.

Saad al-Hariri: Education and early career: …his father’s political party, the Future Movement (Tayyār al-Mustaqbal). A powerful Sunni bloc, the Future Movement was the largest contingent within the March 14 coalition (named to commemorate the day in 2005 when massive anti-Syrian protests took place in Beirut), which opposed Syrian influence in Lebanon’s affairs. Although the coalition…

study of religion: Psychoanalytical studies: …ideas were also developed in The Future of an Illusion. Freud’s view of the idea of God as being a version of the father image and his thesis that religious belief is at bottom infantile and neurotic do not depend upon the speculative accounts of prehistory and biblical history with…

Ṭāhā Ḥusayn: …Mustaqbal al-thaqāfah fī Miṣr (1938; The Future of Culture in Egypt), he expounds his belief that Egypt belongs by heritage to the same wider Mediterranean civilization that embraces Greece, Italy, and France; it advocates the assimilation of modern European culture.

European Union: Enlargement and post-Maastricht reforms: In 2002 the Convention on the Future of Europe, chaired by former French president Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, was established to draft a constitution for the enlarged EU. Among the most difficult problems confronting the framers of the document was how to distribute power within the EU between large…

Karl Jaspers: Postwar development of thought: …Wohin treibt die Bundesrepublik? (1966; The Future of Germany, 1967). This book caused much annoyance among West German politicians of all shades. Jaspers, in turn, reacted to their unfair reception by returning his German passport in 1967 and taking out Swiss citizenship.

Wilfrid Scawen Blunt: …with Muslim aspirations, and in The Future of Islam (1882) he directed attention to the forces that produced the movements of Pan-Islamism and Mahdism. He was a violent opponent of British policy in the Sudan and supported the national party in Egypt. Ideas About India (1885) was the result of…

Karl Jaspers: Postwar development of thought: …die Zukunft des Menschen (The Future of Mankind, 1961). The aim of this political world union would not be absolute sovereignty but rather world confederation, in which the various entities could live and communicate in freedom and peace.

György Ligeti: …caused a sensation with his Future of Music—A Collective Composition (1961) and his Poème symphonique (1962). The former consists of the composer regarding the audience from the stage and the audience’s reactions to this; the latter is written for 100 metronomes operated by 10 performers.

Ernest Renan: Early works: …L’Avenir de la science (1890; The Future of Science). The main theme of this work is the importance of the history of religious origins, which he regarded as a human science having equal value to the sciences of nature. Though he was now somewhat anticlerical, the French government sent him…

Justice and Development Party: Expansion of power and decline in popular support: …the party to form the Future Party (Gelecek Partisi); another breakaway party, the Democracy and Progress Party (Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi; DEVA), was formed in 2020. Both parties advocated a return to a parliamentary system of government and displayed common interest with opposition parties in unseating Erdoğan.

futurology, in the social sciences, the study of current trends in order to forecast future developments. While the speculative and descriptive aspects of futurology are traceable to the traditions of utopian literature and science fiction, the methodology of the field originated in the

Romance languages: The survival of verbal inflection: The disappearance of the Latin future has been remedied in most Romance languages by the development of new forms of periphrastic origin. Many of these forms use some reflex of habēre ‘to have’ joined to an infinitive. From Latin cantāre habēo ‘I will sing’ are derived Italian canterò, Spanish, Catalan…

Future value (FV) is the estimated value of a current asset at a specified future date, based on the interest rate of investment and inflation. The future value of a given sum of money includes the present value in addition to any earnings generated from compounding interest rates. Inflation can

Al Gore: That year Gore also published The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change, which analyzed the impact of various sociopolitical, technological, and environmental forces on humanity’s prospects. An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power, the sequel to his 2006 documentary, was released in 2017.

futures, commercial contract calling for the purchase or sale of specified quantities of a commodity at specified future dates. The origin of futures contracts was in trade in agricultural commodities, and the term commodity is used to define the underlying asset even though the contract is

futures, commercial contract calling for the purchase or sale of specified quantities of a commodity at specified future dates. The origin of futures contracts was in trade in agricultural commodities, and the term commodity is used to define the underlying asset even though the contract is

Considering a play in the futures market? In futures contracts—as with any investment—specifics matter. In the futures market, each contract carries “specifications,” aka contract “specs,” that spell out key details like quantities and dates. Understanding futures contract specifications is

commodity exchange, organized market for the purchase and sale of enforceable contracts to deliver a commodity such as wheat, gold, or cotton or a financial instrument such as U.S. Treasury bills or Eurodollars at some future date. Such contracts are known as futures (q.v.) and are bought and sold

futures, commercial contract calling for the purchase or sale of specified quantities of a commodity at specified future dates. The origin of futures contracts was in trade in agricultural commodities, and the term commodity is used to define the underlying asset even though the contract is

commodity exchange, organized market for the purchase and sale of enforceable contracts to deliver a commodity such as wheat, gold, or cotton or a financial instrument such as U.S. Treasury bills or Eurodollars at some future date. Such contracts are known as futures (q.v.) and are bought and sold

futures, commercial contract calling for the purchase or sale of specified quantities of a commodity at specified future dates. The origin of futures contracts was in trade in agricultural commodities, and the term commodity is used to define the underlying asset even though the contract is

Justin Timberlake: Solo music career and acting roles: second solo release, the Prince-influenced FutureSex/LoveSounds (2006), features production work by Timbaland and Rick Rubin and earned four Grammy Awards, including best dance recording for “SexyBack,” which spent seven weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. During his early solo career, Timberlake was not always treated kindly…

Frederik Pohl: …formed a group known as the Futurians, which dedicated itself to the creation and promotion of constructive and forward-looking (“futurian”) science fiction. Other members included Isaac Asimov and C.M. Kornbluth. During World War II Pohl served in the U.S. Army Air Forces and then worked briefly in an advertising agency…

Futurism, early 20th-century artistic movement centered in Italy that emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life. During the second decade of the 20th century, the movement’s influence radiated outward across most of

Futurism, early 20th-century artistic movement centered in Italy that emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life. During the second decade of the 20th century, the movement’s influence radiated outward across most of

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti: …of Mussolini, and argued in Futurismo e Fascismo (1924) that Fascism was the natural extension of Futurism. Although his views helped temporarily to ignite Italian patriotism, Marinetti lost most of his following by the second decade of the 20th century.