David Hackett Fischer is an American educator and historian whose books on American and comparative history combine academic rigour with popular accessibility. His works focus not only on great individuals but also on the societies and people behind the wider movements that inform those

Deb Fischer is an American politician who was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2012 and began representing Nebraska in that body the following year. In 2024 Fischer won reelection against Dan Osborn, an independent candidate. Strobel grew up in Lincoln, Nebraska. She attended the

Deb Fischer is an American politician who was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2012 and began representing Nebraska in that body the following year. In 2024 Fischer won reelection against Dan Osborn, an independent candidate. Strobel grew up in Lincoln, Nebraska. She attended the

Edmond H. Fischer was an American biochemist who was the corecipient with Edwin G. Krebs of the 1992 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning reversible phosphorylation, a biochemical mechanism that governs the activities of cell proteins. Fischer, who was the son of

Edmond H. Fischer was an American biochemist who was the corecipient with Edwin G. Krebs of the 1992 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning reversible phosphorylation, a biochemical mechanism that governs the activities of cell proteins. Fischer, who was the son of

Alfred Brendel: …von Kaan, Eduard Steuermann, and Edwin Fischer. He made his debut in Graz, Austria, in 1948 and won a prize at the Concorso Busoni at Bolzano in 1949. He performed extensively throughout Austria. In 1962 he performed the complete sonatas of Beethoven in London and in 1963 made his first…

Emil Fischer was a German chemist who was awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize for Chemistry in recognition of his investigations of the sugar and purine groups of substances. Fischer was the eighth child and only surviving son of Laurenz Fischer and Julie Fischer. Laurenz Fischer was a local businessman

Emil Fischer was a German chemist who was awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize for Chemistry in recognition of his investigations of the sugar and purine groups of substances. Fischer was the eighth child and only surviving son of Laurenz Fischer and Julie Fischer. Laurenz Fischer was a local businessman

Emil Fischer was a German chemist who was awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize for Chemistry in recognition of his investigations of the sugar and purine groups of substances. Fischer was the eighth child and only surviving son of Laurenz Fischer and Julie Fischer. Laurenz Fischer was a local businessman

Ernst Otto Fischer was a German theoretical chemist and educator who received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1973 for his identification of a completely new way in which metals and organic substances can combine. He shared the prize with Geoffrey Wilkinson of Great Britain. Fischer served in the

East African lakes: Study and exploration: …visited by a German traveler, Gustav Fischer, in 1883, and in that same year the Scottish explorer Joseph Thomson reached the shores of Lake Baringo. Five years later Count Sámuel Teleki and Ludwig von Höhnel reached Lake Rudolf. Considerable scientific study of the lakes region has been conducted since that…

Hans Fischer was a German biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1930 for research into the constitution of hemin, the red blood pigment, and chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants. After receiving his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Marburg (1904) and his M.D. from

Czech Republic: History of the Czech Republic: A nonpartisan interim prime minister, Jan Fischer, took power in May.

The Office: Cast and characters: …by actors John Krasinski and Jenna Fischer, respectively. Although Jim often plays elaborate practical jokes on Dwight, sometimes with Pam’s help, both he and Pam primarily serve as comedic “straight men” whose relative normalcy heightens the absurdity of the characters around them.

Ludwig Fischer was a German operatic bass, famed for his vocal range of two and a half octaves. Although originally a student of the violin and cello, Fischer was discovered at the age of 18 in a church choir and in a student operetta and was given a position at court. With the help of a grant by

Johann Michael Fischer was a German architect, one of the most creative and prolific designers of late Baroque and Rococo churches in southern Germany. Fischer was trained by his father, a mason. As an apprentice in Bohemia and Moravia beginning in 1713, he became familiar with the churches of the

Joschka Fischer is a German political activist and politician who in the 1990s led the Green Party of Germany (Die Grünen) into the government. He served as foreign minister and vice-chancellor (1998–2005) of Germany. Fischer was born to a Hungarian father and a German mother who had been forced

Joschka Fischer is a German political activist and politician who in the 1990s led the Green Party of Germany (Die Grünen) into the government. He served as foreign minister and vice-chancellor (1998–2005) of Germany. Fischer was born to a Hungarian father and a German mother who had been forced

Kuno Fischer was a German philosopher and educator who founded neo-Kantian thought with his System der Logik und Metaphysik (1852; “A System of Logic and Metaphysics”). With other writings on Gotthold Lessing, Friedrich Schiller, and J.W. von Goethe, Fischer contributed to the philosophy of

Ludwig Fischer was a German operatic bass, famed for his vocal range of two and a half octaves. Although originally a student of the violin and cello, Fischer was discovered at the age of 18 in a church choir and in a student operetta and was given a position at court. With the help of a grant by

Neue Künstlervereinigung: …the more conservative art historian Otto Fischer (who later became the NKV’s spokesman), Kanoldt, and Erbslöh. Kandinsky and Marc left the association (as did Münter and Kubin), and together they formed a rival group, Der Blaue Reiter (“The Blue Rider”), and exhibited their works that same month at Thannhauser, in…

Bobby Fischer was an American-born chess master who became the youngest grandmaster in history when he received the title in 1958. His youthful intemperance and brilliant playing drew the attention of the American public to the game of chess, particularly when he won the world championship in 1972.

Tim Fischer was an Australian politician who served as National Party leader for nearly a decade (1990–99). Fischer was educated at Xavier College, Melbourne. He saw military service in Vietnam as a platoon commander and transport officer in the First Royal Australian Regiment in 1967. After a

Tim Fischer was an Australian politician who served as National Party leader for nearly a decade (1990–99). Fischer was educated at Xavier College, Melbourne. He saw military service in Vietnam as a platoon commander and transport officer in the First Royal Australian Regiment in 1967. After a

Wolfgang Beltracchi is a German art forger notorious for tricking the international art world into buying highly convincing paintings he created in the style of Expressionist, Surrealist, and Cubist artists such as Max Ernst, Max Pechstein, Georges Braque, Heinrich Campendonk, Johannes Molzahn,

Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau was a German operatic baritone and preeminent singer of lieder, distinguished for his lyrical voice, commanding presence, and superb artistry. Fischer-Dieskau studied with Georg Walter before serving in World War II and with Hermann Weissenborn afterward. In 1947 he made

Fischer-Tropsch reaction, conversion of so-called synthesis gas, composed mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, to hydrocarbons through the influence of elevated temperatures and normal or elevated pressures in the presence of a catalyst of magnetic iron oxide. The process was first used in

Adolf Fischhof was an Austrian political theorist, one of the principal leaders of the Viennese revolution of 1848. As a young assistant physician, Fischhof was the first speaker to address the crowd assembled outside the building of the Austrian estates in Vienna on the morning of March 13,

animation: Animation in Europe: Another German-born animator, Oskar Fischinger, took his work in a radically different direction. Abandoning the fairy tales and comic strips that had inspired most of his predecessors, Fischinger took his inspiration from the abstract art that dominated the 1920s. At first he worked with wax figures animated by…

Eric Fischl is an American painter and sculptor whose work belongs to the figurative tradition. Fischl moved with his family in 1967 from New York City to Phoenix, where he attended art school. He then transferred to the California Institute of the Arts before moving to Chicago, where he worked as

Hebrew literature: Beginnings of the Haskala movement: …Meir Letteris, and one dramatist, Naḥman Isaac Fischman, wrote biblical plays.

fiscus, the Roman emperor’s treasury (where money was stored in baskets), as opposed to the public treasury (aerarium). It drew money primarily from revenues of the imperial provinces, forfeited property, and the produce of unclaimed lands. Vespasian created the fiscus Alexandrinus and fiscus

Alzheimer disease: Treatment: …of the naturally occurring flavonoid fisetin, found particularly in onions, cucumbers, and fruits such as strawberries and apples, demonstrated potential for reversing memory loss in individuals symptomatic for Alzheimer disease.

fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), technique that employs fluorescent probes for the detection of specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences in chromosomes. FISH has a much higher rate of sensitivity and specificity than other genetic diagnostic tests such as karyotyping and thus can be

fish, any of approximately 34,000 species of vertebrate animals (phylum Chordata) found in the fresh and salt waters of the world. Living species range from the primitive jawless lampreys and hagfishes through the cartilaginous sharks, skates, and rays to the abundant and diverse bony fishes. Most

Colossus: …from 1941 the less-well-known “Fish” transmissions, based on electric teleprinter technology. The most important source of Fish messages was a German cipher machine that the British code-named “Tunny.” Tunny was the Schlüsselzusatz (SZ) cipher attachment, manufactured by Berlin engineering company C. Lorenz AG. Tunny sent its messages in binary…

fish and brewis, traditional Canadian dish consisting of salt fish, salt pork, and hardtack, a type of hard, dry biscuit popular among sailors. Next to Jiggs dinner, fish and brewis is the quintessential outport (rural) Newfoundland dish. Much of Newfoundland cuisine relies on salt. Fish and brewis

fish and chips, classic dish of the British Isles, consisting of battered and deep-fried fish, usually cod or haddock, and french fries. Fish and chips, the latter the British term for french fries, is a meal ubiquitous throughout Britain and Ireland, with local variations not so much of the main

Door Peninsula: It is known for its fish boils, where whitefish, potatoes, and onions are cooked together in a pot over an open fire. Cherry growing, dairy farming, and tourism are also economically important. At its tip between Washington Island and the main peninsula is a hazardous strait known as Porte des…

John Cleese: …on Parade (1982); Clockwise (1986); A Fish Called Wanda (1988), perhaps his best-known film; and The Naked Wanderer (2019). In 1999 he first appeared in the recurring roles of R the gadget master and Nick the Nearly Headless Ghost in the James Bond and Harry Potter film series, respectively. He…

crow: …of tropical Africa; and the fish crow (C. ossifragus) of southeastern and central North America. Other members of the genus Corvus not called crows are the raven, jackdaw, and rook.

aquaculture, the propagation and husbandry of aquatic plants, animals, and other organisms for commercial, recreational, and scientific purposes. Aquaculture is an approximate aquatic equivalent to agriculture—that is, the rearing of certain marine and freshwater organisms to supplement the natural

merganser, any of several species of Mergus, long-bodied, more or less crested diving ducks; though essentially freshwater birds, they are classified with scoters and goldeneyes in the sea duck tribe, Mergini (family Anatidae, order Anseriformes). They are called trash ducks because their flesh is

sea eagle, any of various large fish-eating eagles (especially in the genus Haliaeetus), of which the bald eagle is best known. Sea eagles (sometimes called fish eagles or fishing eagles) live along rivers, big lakes, and tidewaters throughout the world except South America. Some reach 1 metre (3.3

aquaculture, the propagation and husbandry of aquatic plants, animals, and other organisms for commercial, recreational, and scientific purposes. Aquaculture is an approximate aquatic equivalent to agriculture—that is, the rearing of certain marine and freshwater organisms to supplement the natural

osprey, (Pandion haliaetus), large, long-winged hawk, about 65 cm (26 inches) long, that lives along seacoasts and larger interior waterways, where it catches fish. It is brown above and white below, with some white on the head. An osprey flies over the water to hunt. It hovers above its prey and

Larry David: Other work: …made his Broadway debut in Fish in the Dark, which he also wrote. The comedy centered on the death of a family patriarch, and David starred as one of his sons, an executive at a urinal company. That year he also made the first of numerous appearances as politician Bernie…

Mario Vargas Llosa: …en el agua: memorias (1993; A Fish in the Water: A Memoir). He became a citizen of Spain in 1993 and was awarded the Cervantes Prize the following year. Despite his new nationality, he continued to write about Peru in such novels as Los cuadernos de don Rigoberto (1997; The…

dam: Fish passes: …usually take the form of fish ladders and fish locks. A fish ladder is utilized at Pitlochry Dam in Scotland; it consists of a series of stepped pools through which water is continuously discharged during the migratory seasons. The individual pools may be separated by a series of low weirs…

fish louse, any member of the crustacean subclass Branchiura, a group of parasites of migratory marine and freshwater fishes. Of the approximately 120 known species, most belong to the genus Argulus. The fish louse has a very distinctive oval-shaped, flattened body formed by a broad carapace. Other

dam: Fish passes: The Borland fish lock was developed in Scotland as an alternative to fish ladders. It operates on the same intermittent principle as a ship lock but is constructed as a closed conduit. Intermittent closure of the gates at the bottom causes the continuous flow through the lock…

fish louse, any member of the crustacean subclass Branchiura, a group of parasites of migratory marine and freshwater fishes. Of the approximately 120 known species, most belong to the genus Argulus. The fish louse has a very distinctive oval-shaped, flattened body formed by a broad carapace. Other

fish meal, coarsely ground powder made from the cooked flesh of fish. Though formerly important as a fertilizer, fish meal is now primarily used in animal feed—especially for poultry, swine, mink, farm-raised fish, and pets. Certain species of oily fish, such as menhaden, anchovy, herring, and

fish oil, fatty oil from the bodies of fishes, used in the manufacture of many products, such as margarine, cooking oil, cosmetics, caulking compounds, paints, industrial coatings, lubricants, water repellents, soaps, and candles. It is also used in the tanning of leather, the manufacture of

fish owl, any of several species of owls of the genera Ketupa and Scotopelia in the family Strigidae (order Strigiformes). The birds live near water, where they prey on fishes as well as small mammals and other birds. There are three Asian species (genus Ketupa) and three African species (genus

dam: Fish passes: For centuries people have appreciated that dams can have dramatic effects on fish populations, but concern about this issue increased significantly starting in the 1930s, with the construction of major dams along the Columbia River and its tributaries in the Pacific Northwest. Success…

fish poisoning, illness in humans resulting from the eating of varieties of poisonous fishes. Ciguatera poisoning is one of the most common forms of fish poisoning in the Caribbean. It is caused by fishes that in other parts of the world constitute food items (e.g., sea bass, snapper). The

fish processing, preparation of seafood and freshwater fish for human consumption. The word fish is commonly used to describe all forms of edible finfish, mollusks (e.g., clams and oysters), and crustaceans (e.g., crabs and lobsters) that inhabit an aquatic environment. Fish from the marine and

protein concentrate: …leaf protein concentrate (LPC) and fish protein concentrate (FPC). Whey protein concentrate is also common.

Fish River, stream in southern Namibia. It rises in Namaqualand and flows south across the Great Namaqualand plateau, where it cuts a spectacular gorge 1,000 to 2,300 feet (300 to 700 m) deep, to empty into the Orange River. It is about 375 miles (600 km) long and is

Steinhart Aquarium: One innovation is the Fish Roundabout, an enormous circular glass tank that holds open-sea fish species. The viewer stands in an open area on the inside of the glass enclosure so that an illusion of being surrounded by water is achieved. The marine-mammal collection includes the rare Amazonian manatee.…

fish sauce, in Southeast Asian cookery, a liquid seasoning prepared by fermenting freshwater or saltwater fish with salt in large vats. After a few months time the resulting brownish, protein-rich liquid is drawn off and bottled. It is sometimes allowed to mature in the sun in glass or earthenware

spring balance: …for household use are called fish scales.

digestive system disease: Tapeworms: Diphyllobothrium latum, a fish tapeworm, may cause a severe anemia similar to pernicious anemia, because it consumes most of the vitamin B12 in the diet of the host.

commercial fishing: Drive-in and lift nets: The fish wheels used on the Tiber, Rhône, and Columbia rivers can be considered as mechanized lift nets. The most important examples of this fishing method are the stick-held dip nets of the Japanese. In contrast to the lift nets are falling gear, which can be…

Oklahoma!: Film adaptation and stage revivals: Daniel Fish’s critically acclaimed 2019 Broadway revival (which began as a student production at Bard College in 2007) was widely noted for catapulting Oklahoma! into the 21st century with a pared-down production leaning into the story’s dark, violent undertones. Fish’s revival was praised for bringing…

Hamilton Fish was the U.S. secretary of state (1869–77) who skillfully promoted the peaceful arbitration of explosive situations with Great Britain and Latin America. A lawyer involved in New York Whig politics, Fish served in the U.S. Senate from 1851 to 1857, when he transferred his allegiance to

Stanley Fish is an American literary critic particularly associated with reader-response criticism, according to which the meaning of a text is created, rather than discovered, by the reader; with neopragmatism, where critical practice is advanced over theory; and with the interpretive

Stanley Fish is an American literary critic particularly associated with reader-response criticism, according to which the meaning of a text is created, rather than discovered, by the reader; with neopragmatism, where critical practice is advanced over theory; and with the interpretive

technology of photography: Fish-eye lenses: For image angles greater than 110°, it becomes difficult to bring the lens close enough to the film to allow the rays between the lens and film to diverge sufficiently. The fish-eye lens overcomes this difficulty by making the rays diverge less behind…

fish-finder, in commercial fishing, high-frequency sonar device for locating schools of fish. It transmits sound waves downward and receives echoes from the bottom of the sea, or from intervening schools of fish, also indicating distance from ship to fish. Two different types are used, one of which

ichthyosis, a hereditary condition involving dryness and scaliness of the skin brought about by excessive growth of the horny outermost covering of the skin. The dead cells of this horny layer do not slough off at the normal rate but tend instead to adhere to the skin surface to form scales; horny

Laurence Fishburne is an American actor noted for the intensity of his performances. He was the recipient of a Tony Award (1992) for his work in August Wilson’s play Two Trains Running but is probably best known for his role as Morpheus in the Matrix film trilogy. Fishburne began acting as a child,

Laurence Fishburne is an American actor noted for the intensity of his performances. He was the recipient of a Tony Award (1992) for his work in August Wilson’s play Two Trains Running but is probably best known for his role as Morpheus in the Matrix film trilogy. Fishburne began acting as a child,

fisher, (Martes pennanti), North American carnivore of northern forests (taiga), trapped for its valuable brownish black fur (especially fine in the female). It is a member of the weasel family (Mustelidae). The fisher has a weasel-like body, bushy tail, tapered muzzle, and low rounded ears. Adults

Lucian: …philosophers are also attacked in Fisher, in which the founders of the philosophical schools return to life to indict Lucian for writing The Auction of Lives, which was itself a lighthearted work in which Zeno, Epicurus, and others are auctioned by Hermes in the underworld but fetch next to nothing.…

education: Early 19th to early 20th century: The Education Act of 1918 (The Fisher Act) aimed at the establishment of a “national system of public education available for all persons capable of profiting thereby.” Local authorities were called upon to prepare plans for the orderly and progressive development of education. The age of…

Fred Fisher: When merged in 1916 as Fisher Body Corp., it was producing almost 400,000 car bodies a year. In 1919 General Motors (GM) bought a majority interest in the company, and in 1926 it became a division of GM, though all the brothers retained management posts. Fred Fisher became a vice…

fisher, (Martes pennanti), North American carnivore of northern forests (taiga), trapped for its valuable brownish black fur (especially fine in the female). It is a member of the weasel family (Mustelidae). The fisher has a weasel-like body, bushy tail, tapered muzzle, and low rounded ears. Adults

Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, legal case, decided on June 23, 2016, in which the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed (4–3) a ruling of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals that had upheld the undergraduate admissions policy of the University of Texas at Austin, which incorporated a limited program

Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, legal case, decided on June 23, 2016, in which the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed (4–3) a ruling of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals that had upheld the undergraduate admissions policy of the University of Texas at Austin, which incorporated a limited program

Terry Gilliam: …drew on Arthurian legend for The Fisher King (1991), starring Robin Williams, Jeff Bridges, and Mercedes Ruehl in an Academy Award-winning performance. Gilliam offered a much darker take on time travel with 12 Monkeys (1995), starring Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt, and he garnered a Palme d’Or nomination at the…

Paule Marshall: The Fisher King (2000) is a cross-generational tale about a rift between two black Brooklyn families caused when a son and daughter become immersed in the 1940s New York jazz scene and then decamp to Paris together.

fisher, (Martes pennanti), North American carnivore of northern forests (taiga), trapped for its valuable brownish black fur (especially fine in the female). It is a member of the weasel family (Mustelidae). The fisher has a weasel-like body, bushy tail, tapered muzzle, and low rounded ears. Adults

John Arbuthnot Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher was a British admiral and first sea lord whose reforms between 1904 and 1910 ensured the dominance of the Royal Navy during World War I. Fisher entered the navy at age 13. He was a midshipman in the Crimean War and in China (1859–60), where he took part in

Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, legal case, decided on June 23, 2016, in which the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed (4–3) a ruling of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals that had upheld the undergraduate admissions policy of the University of Texas at Austin, which incorporated a limited program

combinatorics: BIB (balanced incomplete block) designs: For a proper BIB design, Fisher’s inequality b ≥ υ, or equivalently r ≥ k, holds.

Alan Fisher was a British labour leader who, as general secretary of the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE), improved pay for workers in local government, sanitation and sewage, and the National Health Service. Fisher left secondary school in 1939 to join the local office of NUPE as a junior

Alan Fisher was a British labour leader who, as general secretary of the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE), improved pay for workers in local government, sanitation and sewage, and the National Health Service. Fisher left secondary school in 1939 to join the local office of NUPE as a junior

Allison Fisher is an English-born billiards player known as the “Duchess of Doom” for her deadly consistent shot making and no-nonsense style of play. Her achievements led many observers of cue sports to deem Fisher the best female pocket billiards player in history. Fisher was raised near London.

Andrew Fisher was a three-time Labor prime minister of Australia (1908–09, 1910–13, 1914–15) who sponsored important legislation in the fields of social welfare, economic development, labour relations, and defense. Fisher emigrated from England to Queensland in 1885, worked as a coal miner and

Bud Fisher was an American cartoonist and creator of the comic strip Mutt and Jeff. After attending the University of Chicago, Fisher worked as a journalist in San Francisco, where for the San Francisco Chronicle he originated Mr. Mutt in 1907. Soon he added Jeff, the short one of the pair and

Carrie Fisher was an American actress and author who was perhaps best known for her portrayal of Princess Leia in the space opera Star Wars. She also earned critical acclaim for her writing. Fisher was the daughter of movie star Debbie Reynolds and popular crooner Eddie Fisher. Her parents’

Carrie Fisher was an American actress and author who was perhaps best known for her portrayal of Princess Leia in the space opera Star Wars. She also earned critical acclaim for her writing. Fisher was the daughter of movie star Debbie Reynolds and popular crooner Eddie Fisher. Her parents’

Clara Fisher was an Anglo-American actress whose personality and performances inspired an enormous following in the United States. Fisher made her stage debut in 1817, at the age of six, in a children’s adaptation of David Garrick’s Lilliput at the Drury Lane Theatre. Her performance in that and in

Dorothy Canfield Fisher was a prolific American author of novels, short stories, children’s books, educational works, and memoirs. Canfield received a Ph.D. in Romance languages from Columbia University in 1904, a rare accomplishment for a woman of her generation. In 1907 she married John Redwood

Fred Fisher was an American automobile-body manufacturer. He was the eldest of 11 children and worked for his father, a carriage maker, before moving to Detroit in 1902. From 1908 to 1916 he and five of his brothers formed several companies that built bodies for cars. When merged in 1916 as Fisher

Fred Fisher was an American automobile-body manufacturer. He was the eldest of 11 children and worked for his father, a carriage maker, before moving to Detroit in 1902. From 1908 to 1916 he and five of his brothers formed several companies that built bodies for cars. When merged in 1916 as Fisher

Geoffrey Francis Fisher, Baron Fisher of Lambeth was the 99th archbishop of Canterbury (1945–61). The son, grandson, and great-grandson of Anglican rectors of Higham-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire, the young Fisher attended Exeter College, Oxford (1906–11), and the Wells Theological College, becoming

Brock Peters was an American actor who employed his powerful bass voice and strong presence in portrayals of a wide range of characters, notably in the role of Tom Robinson in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962). Peters started acting on stage, appearing in musical productions such as Porgy and Bess