Roger de Flor was a Sicilian-born military adventurer and mercenary captain whose service to the Byzantine emperor Andronicus II had disastrous consequences. As a boy he went to sea and became a Knight Templar. When Acre in Palestine fell to the Saracens (1291), he made his fortune by blackmailing

Flora, in Roman religion, the goddess of the flowering of plants. Titus Tatius (according to tradition, the Sabine king who ruled with Romulus) is said to have introduced her cult to Rome; her temple stood near the Circus Maximus. Her festival, called the Floralia, was instituted in 238 bc. A

pentimento: …double hat brim in Rembrandt’s “Flora” (c. 1665; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City).

Anna Deavere Smith: …Ever Forgive Me? (2018), and Flora & Ulysses (2021).

Kate DiCamillo: Flora & Ulysses: The Illuminated Adventures (2013; film 2021), which concerns the adventures of a cynical young comic-book lover and a squirrel endowed with human abilities, won the 2014 Newbery Medal. DiCamillo also drew praise for Raymie Nightingale (2016), which centres on a young girl…

biogeography: …in the average composition of flora and fauna. It is thought that the present-day distribution patterns of plant and animal forms, as reflected in such biogeographic regions, are the result of many historical and current causes. These causes include present climatic and geographic conditions, the geologic history of the landmasses…

Joseph Leidy: …parasitology with the publication of A Flora and Fauna Within Living Animals (1853), the first important study of the parasites of the alimentary canal. His discovery of Trichina spiralis in pork led to Rudolf Leuckart’s discovery of the cause of trichinosis in man.

George Bentham: …Flora Hongkongensis (1861) and the Flora Australiensis (7 vol., 1863–78), cataloging and describing more than 7,000 species.

Royal Copenhagen porcelain: …production, however, was the great “Flora Danica” service (now, but for a few pieces, in Rosenborg Castle, Copenhagen). Intended as a gift for Catherine II of Russia, who died while it was being produced, the service numbered 1,802 items. These include minor objects, such as eggcups, as well as impressive…

José Mutis: …of botanical papers, but his Flora de Bogotá o de Nueva Granada, containing more than 6,000 illustrations, was so massive that the Spanish government could not afford to print it.

John Wilbye: …latter and the well-known “Flora Gave Me Fairest Flowers” and “Sweet Honey-sucking Bees” display Wilbye’s skill in vocal orchestration: the full number of voices is not kept in constant play, but for much of the time the composer writes for ever-changing smaller groups within the ensemble.

floral decoration: 17th century: Flora ouerocultura di fiori (“Flora: The Cultivation of Flowers”), a renowned garden book published in Rome in 1633 by the horticulturist P. Giovanni Battista Ferrari, illustrates the styles of floral displays preferred by the Italians and also describes arranging techniques and devices. Among the ingenious…

patristic literature: The gnostic writers: 315–403) preserved a Letter to Flora, by the Valentinian gnostic Ptolemaeus (late 2nd century), supplying rules for interpreting the Mosaic Law (the Torah) in a Christian sense, and another disciple of Valentinus, Theodotus (2nd century), published an account of his master’s system that was excerpted by Clement of…

Kander and Ebb: Collaboration: Flora, the Red Menace (1965), the story of a department store worker whose boyfriend persuades her to join the Communist Party, marked the Broadway debut of Kander and Ebb as well as that of Liza Minnelli, who was cast in the lead through the songwriters’…

Stephanotis: …member of the genus, the Madagascar jasmine (Marsdenia floribunda), waxflower, or floradora, is a popular greenhouse plant. This woody, twining vine is native to Madagascar. It has leathery, oval leaves that grow up to 10 cm (4 inches) long and clusters of waxy, white flowers that grow to 5 cm…

jewelry: 17th century: Floral and vegetable decoration therefore became the most fashionable theme for jewelry designers, and its popularity spread throughout Europe. The ornamental motifs of knots, ribbons, and Rococo scrolls also saw a considerable development. There was a corresponding decrease in the amount of figurative decoration, which…

flower: Form and types: …each flower consists of a floral axis upon which are borne the essential organs of reproduction (stamens and pistils) and usually accessory organs (sepals and petals); the latter may serve to both attract pollinating insects and protect the essential organs. The floral axis is a greatly modified stem; unlike vegetative…

angiosperm: The corolla: …cuplike floral tube called a hypanthium that surrounds the carpels, as in cherries (Prunus; Rosaceae), for example. Fusion and reduction of flower parts are common and have occurred in many unrelated lineages. Many wind-pollinated angiosperms do not have petals, nor do they have floral parts modified as petals; examples of…

floral decoration, art of arranging living or dried plant material for adornment of the body or home or as a part of public ceremonies, festivals, and religious rituals. Since the earliest days of civilization, humans have used floral decorations, composed of living or dried cut-plant materials or

angiosperm: General features: …and corolla together compose the perianth. The sepals and petals are accessory parts or sterile appendages; though they protect the flower buds and attract pollinators, they are not directly involved with sexual reproduction. When the color and appearance of sepals and petals are similar, as in the tulip tree (Liriodendron…

floristic region, any of six areas of the world recognized by plant geographers for their distinctive plant life. These regions, which coincide closely with the faunal regions as mapped by animal geographers, are often considered with them as biogeographic regions. The chief difference is the

angiosperm: The corolla: …cuplike floral tube called a hypanthium that surrounds the carpels, as in cherries (Prunus; Rosaceae), for example. Fusion and reduction of flower parts are common and have occurred in many unrelated lineages. Many wind-pollinated angiosperms do not have petals, nor do they have floral parts modified as petals; examples of…

Southeast Asian arts: The Philippines: …was an epic romance called Florante at Laura by the first native writer to achieve prominence—Francisco Balagtas—who wrote in Tagalog. In the latter half of the 19th century, an intellectual renaissance coincided with the beginnings of a national movement toward freedom; writers began using Spanish, for their work was part…

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: Early life and career: …three volumes under the title Flore française (1778; “French Flora”). Lamarck designed the Flore française specifically for the task of plant identification and used dichotomous keys, which are classification tools that allow the user to choose between opposing pairs of morphological characters (see taxonomy: The objectives of biological classification) to…

Santa María Island, one of the southernmost Galapagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean about 600 miles (965 km) west of mainland Ecuador. Originally named for the British king Charles II, it is also known as Isla Floreana, but the official Ecuadoran name is Isla Santa María. The island, with

Georg Muffat: …famous work, 12 orchestral suites, Florelegia (two sets, 1695 and 1698), was one of the earliest German collections of suites in the French manner, using dance movements influenced by those of Lully’s stage works. The Florelegia also contains valuable information about French performance practices in the late 17th century. His…

Omaha: History: …named Winter Quarters, later called Florence, which was subsequently annexed by Omaha. From 1847 to 1848 Winter Quarters witnessed the beginning of the Mormon migration to what became the state of Utah, but because the west side of the Missouri River was closed to permanent “white” settlement, the Mormons moved…

Cincinnati: …Forest Park in Ohio and Florence in Kentucky.

Florence, city, capital of Firenze provincia (province) and Toscana (Tuscany) regione (region), central Italy. The city, located about 145 miles (230 km) northwest of Rome, is surrounded by gently rolling hills that are covered with villas and farms, vineyards, and orchards. Florence was founded as

Florence, city, seat of Lauderdale county, northwestern Alabama, U.S. It lies on the Tennessee River about 65 miles (105 km) west of Huntsville, forming with Sheffield, Tuscumbia, and Muscle Shoals a four-city metropolitan area in the Muscle Shoals region. Settlers first arrived and established a

Florence, county, east-central South Carolina, U.S. The Great Pee Dee River constitutes its eastern boundary, and the Lynches River part of its western. The county is situated in a low-lying, generally flat area of the Coastal Plain. Lynches River State Park is located in the county, as is the

Florence, city, seat (1889) of Florence county, northeastern South Carolina, U.S. Established in the 1850s as a rail junction and transfer point for the Wilmington and Manchester, the Northwestern, and the Cheraw and Darlington railroads, it was called Wilds for a judge in the town but later

Florence, town, seat (1875) of Pinal county, central Arizona, U.S., 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Phoenix. It lies on the Gila River in a farming area (mainly cotton) that is irrigated by means of the Ashurst-Hayden Diversion Dam. One of the oldest white settlements in the state, Florence was

Met Gala: Anna Wintour era: …famous performers, who have included Florence and the Machine, Blondie and Kanye West, Lenny Kravitz and Kacey Musgraves, and Lizzo. Four celebrities are selected each year to serve along with Wintour as hosts.

antique: ” In 1952 the Florence Agreement, sponsored by UNESCO and signed by 17 countries, agreed to “facilitate the free flow of educational, scientific and cultural materials by the removal of barriers that impede the international movement of such materials,” and antiques were affected by subsequent legislation adopted in the…

the Duomo, Roman Catholic church in Florence, Italy. When it was consecrated in 1436, it was the world’s largest church, able to accommodate 30,000 worshippers. Among the building’s significant features are its stained-glass windows; its ornate green, red, and white marble facade; its collection of

Kate Harwood Waller Barrett: …became vice president of the Florence Crittenton Mission, which operated more than 50 homes nationwide, and from 1909 until her death she served as the organization’s president. She guided the rescue-home movement away from its focus on prostitute reformation and toward a concern with the social welfare of the unwed…

fennel: …the bulblike stem base of Florence fennel (variety azoricum) and the blanched shoots are eaten as a vegetable. The seeds and extracted oil are suggestive of anise in aroma and taste and are used for scenting soaps and perfumes and for flavoring candies, liqueurs, medicines, and foods,

Florence Foster Jenkins: …of Jenkins’s life, and a biopic (based on the biography by Nicholas Martin and Jasper Rees) starring Meryl Streep in the title role was released in 2016.

Florence Griffith Joyner, flamboyant and fast, was known for a fashion flair that almost outshone her athletic prowess. Whether she was sporting a hooded silver bodysuit or six-inch fingernails painted red, white, and blue, Griffith Joyner stood out in competition before she began running—and when

Sydney Morgan, Lady Morgan: Lady Morgan struck back with Florence McCarthy (1816), a novel in which a Quarterly reviewer is caricatured. The success of France brought her a request to write a similar account of Italy. In preparation for that book she spent more than a year in Italy. That book, entitled simply Italy,…

Louise McManus: …served as chairman of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation of Nursing in London.

Louise McManus: …served as chairman of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation of Nursing in London.

Florence Of Worcester was an English monk, usually accepted as the author of Chronicon ex chronicis, which is valuable for late Anglo-Saxon and early post-Conquest history. Its basis is the universal history (from the creation to 1082) compiled by Marianus Scotus, an Irish recluse at Mainz. The

Council of Ferrara-Florence, ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church (1438–45) in which the Latin and Greek churches tried to reach agreement on their doctrinal differences and end the schism between them. The council ended in an agreed decree of reunion, but the reunion was short-lived.

history of photography: Photogenic drawing: In 1833 the French-born photographer Hercules Florence worked with paper sensitized with silver salts to produce prints of drawings; he called this process “photography.” However, since he conducted his experiments in Brazil, apart from the major scientific centres of the time, his contributions were lost to history until 1973, when…

Eastern Orthodoxy: Relations with the Western church: …signatures of approval on the Decree of Union, also known as the Union of Florence (July 6, 1439). The metropolitan of Ephesus, Mark Eugenicus, alone refused to sign. Upon their return to Constantinople, most other delegates also renounced their acceptance of the council and no significant change occurred in the…

University of Florence, university that originated in Florence in 1321 and became later in the century, through the activities of the writer Giovanni Boccaccio, an early centre of Renaissance Humanism. Boccaccio secured a post there for Leonzio Pilato, whose rough Latin translations of the Iliad

William Jermyn Florence was a U.S. actor, songwriter, and popular playwright, one of the most popular actors of his day. He was one of a select number of Americans to win the ribbon of the French Société Histoire Dramatique. Born of Irish parents and reared on the Lower East Side of New York City,

Florencia, city, southeastern Colombia, in the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera Oriental, on the Orteguaza River, a tributary of the Caquetá. It was founded in 1908 by Capuchin missionaries. Cattle raising and rice cultivation are widespread around Florencia. The city also serves as a

Florencia en el Amazonas, opera in two acts by Daniel Catán with a Spanish libretto by Marcela Fuentes-Berain and based on the work of Colombian author Gabriel García Márquez. It premiered October 25, 1996, at the Houston Grand Opera, which had co-commissioned the work with opera houses in Los

Florencio Varela, partido (county), at the southeastern limits of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, eastern Argentina, in Buenos Aires provincia (province). Founded as the town of San Juan in 1873, Florencio Varela was declared a city in 1953. The county was established in 1893 out of the existing

Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky was a Russian Orthodox theologian, philosopher, and mathematician. In 1904 Florensky received a degree in philosophy and mathematics from Moscow University, and four years later he obtained his graduate degree from the Moscow Theological Academy, where he eventually

Florence, city, capital of Firenze provincia (province) and Toscana (Tuscany) regione (region), central Italy. The city, located about 145 miles (230 km) northwest of Rome, is surrounded by gently rolling hills that are covered with villas and farms, vineyards, and orchards. Florence was founded as

Florence Of Worcester: The standard edition is Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis, edited by Benjamin Thorpe, English Historical Society, 2 vol. (1848–49), which excludes Marianus’ text where possible, follows the editio princeps of 1592 by William Howard in printing the continuation to 1141, and adds a second continuation to 1295. There…

Pietro Torrigiani was a Florentine sculptor and painter who became the first exponent of the Italian Renaissance idiom in England. Torrigiani was a student, along with Michelangelo, of Bertoldo di Giovanni at the Academy of Lorenzo de’ Medici. He left Florence and worked in Rome, Bologna, Siena,

history of Europe: Renaissance thought: …the so-called Cose fiorentine (Florentine Affairs), an unfinished manuscript on Florentine history. While it generally follows the classic form of humanist civic history, the fragment contains some significant departures from this tradition. No longer is the history of the city treated in isolation; Guicciardini was becoming aware that the…

Derby ware: …pair known as the “Florentine Boars,” after Italian bronzes, is the most noted example.

Western theatre: Opera: …out of experiments by the Camerata, a Florentine society of poets and musicians that at the end of the 16th century sought to revive Greek tragedy. The men who formed the Camerata believed that the Greeks had originally recited or chanted their plays to music, and in setting out to…

bargello work, kind of embroidery exemplified in the upholstery of a set of 17th-century Italian chairs at the Bargello Museum in Florence and practiced from the 17th century until modern times. It consists of flat vertical stitches laid parallel with the canvas weave rather than crossing the

Mesoamerican Indian languages: Nahuatl literature: Most impressive is the Florentine Codex, titled Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (General History of the Things of New Spain), prepared during approximately the last half of the 16th century by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún and his Aztec students. Its 2,400 pages in 12 books,…

Florentine diamond, clear, pale-yellow stone weighing 137 carats; of Indian origin, it was cut as a double rose with 126 facets. Once owned by Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, who lost it when he fell in battle in 1477, the stone came into the possession of Pope Julius II and the Medici family

Ken Burns: Education: After graduating, Burns cofounded Florentine Films, a documentary film company, with cinematographer Buddy Squires and editor Paul Barnes.

Niccolò Machiavelli: The Florentine Histories: ” Machiavelli’s longest work—commissioned by Pope Leo X in 1520, presented to Pope Clement VII in 1525, and first published in 1532—is a history of Florence from its origin to the death of Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici in 1492. Adopting the approach of…

Niccolò Machiavelli: The Florentine Histories: ” Machiavelli’s longest work—commissioned by Pope Leo X in 1520, presented to Pope Clement VII in 1525, and first published in 1532—is a history of Florence from its origin to the death of Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici in 1492. Adopting the approach of…

orris oil: …from the rhizomes of the Florentine iris (Iris germanica). Orris oil has a warm violetlike odour and is used in perfumes and lotions. Although the oil was once popular in candies, soft drinks, and gelatin desserts, its use in edible goods has declined because of the risk of allergic reactions…

pottery: Majolica: …similar vessels were made at Florence, Siena, and elsewhere. It was current in the 14th century and continued in the 15th century, when other colours were added to the palette. The decorative motifs—masks, animals, and foliage—are Gothic, with some traces of Eastern influence.

commesso, technique of fashioning pictures with thin, cut-to-shape pieces of brightly coloured semiprecious stones, developed in Florence in the late 16th century. The stones most commonly used are agates, quartzes, chalcedonies, jaspers, granites, porphyries, petrified woods, and lapis lazuli; all

bargello work: …the flamelike gradation of colour, flame stitch; its 17th-century name was Hungarian stitch.

Italy: Political development, 1380–1454: …respective spheres of influence, three wars erupted between the two powers (1390–92, 1397–98, 1400–02). Gian Galeazzo apparently achieved an overwhelming predominance, for he was recognized as signore of Pisa and Siena in 1399 and of Perugia, Spoleto, and Assisi in 1400. In June 1402 he took Bologna. Florence was now…

Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara) provinsi (province), Indonesia. The last major island in the chain, which extends eastward from Java, it is long and narrow, 5,500 square miles (14,250 square km) in area, and has numerous inlets and bays. The

Flores, city, northern Guatemala. It is located on San Andrés island in the southern part of Lake Petén Itzá, at an elevation of 449 feet (137 metres) above sea level. Once capital of the Itzá Maya, who successfully resisted Spanish attempts to conquer them until 1697, Flores is a major trade

St. Rose of Lima ; canonized April 12, 1671; feast day August 23, formerly August 30) was the first person born in the Western Hemisphere to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. She is the patron saint of Peru and all of South America as well as of embroiderers, gardeners, and florists. Born

Pedro de Espinosa: …and editor of the anthology Flores de poetas ilustres de España (1605; “Flowers from the Illustrious Poets of Spain”), in which most of the important poets of Spain’s Siglo de Oro (Golden Age; c. 1500–1650) were published. The anthology choices of authors and poems reflect the continuing judgment of later…

Flores Island, westernmost island of the Portuguese Azores archipelago, in the North Atlantic. It forms, together with the Ilha do Corvo, the Santa Cruz group. The island has an area of 55 square miles (142 sq km), is volcanic in origin, and rises from sea level to 3,087 feet (941 meters) at Morro

Ricardo Flores Magón was a Mexican reformer and anarchist who was an intellectual precursor of the Mexican Revolution. Flores Magón was born to an indigenous father and a mestiza mother. He became involved in student activism while studying law in Mexico City. He was first imprisoned in 1892 for

Flores Sea, portion of the western South Pacific Ocean, bounded on the north by the island of Celebes (Sulawesi) and on the south by the Lesser Sunda Islands of Flores and Sumbawa. Occupying a total surface area of 93,000 square miles (240,000 square km), it opens northwest through Makassar Strait

yo-yo: …a Philippine immigrant, started the Flores Yo-Yo Company in California, which sold the yo-yo, its name derived from the Filipino word for “come-come” or “to return.” In 1929 American businessman Donald F. Duncan bought the Flores Yo-Yo Company, developed advertising campaigns, and sent Duncan Yo-Yo professionals to demonstrate tricks in…

The Battle of Flores, fought August 30–31, 1591, between Spain and England off Flores Island in the Azores, was a Spanish victory, showing the resurgence of Spain’s naval power after the debacle of the 1588 armada. For the English, the heroic fight put up by Richard Grenville’s Revenge became a

Paraguay: The arts: José Asunción Flores (1904–72) was the country’s most-outstanding composer and harpist. He invented the guaranía, a musical style that features haunting and melancholic melodies that encapsulate the Paraguayan identity. Feliz Pérez Cardozo and Emiliano R. Fernández are also noted for their musical compositions.

Ecuador: Rivalry between Flores and Rocafuerte (1830–45): …from the wars of independence—Juan José Flores and Vicente Rocafuerte—struggled for power; Flores found much of his support in Quito, Rocafuerte in Guayaquil. Hostility was not constant, and for a few years the rivals agreed to alternate in the presidency. They were not simply personalist dictators; Rocafuerte in particular…

yo-yo: In the 1920s Pedro Flores, a Philippine immigrant, started the Flores Yo-Yo Company in California, which sold the yo-yo, its name derived from the Filipino word for “come-come” or “to return.” In 1929 American businessman Donald F. Duncan bought the Flores Yo-Yo Company, developed advertising campaigns, and sent…

Las Vegas Raiders: Madden’s successor, Tom Flores (who was the Raiders’ first starting quarterback), shepherded the team to another Super Bowl victory in 1981.

Asteraceae: …of many small flowers, called florets, that are surrounded by bracts (leaflike structures). Bell-shaped disk florets form the centre of each head. Strap-shaped ray florets extend out like petals from the centre and are sometimes reflexed (bent back). Some species have flowers with only disk or only ray florets. The…

Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey was an Australian pathologist who, with Ernst Boris Chain, isolated and purified penicillin (discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming) for general clinical use. For this research Florey, Chain, and Fleming shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in

Enrique Flórez was a Spanish historian and representative figure in the movement to reform education under Charles III; he was the major scholar behind the 51-volume España sagrada (“Sacred Spain”), a monument of 18th-century historiography. In 1718 Flórez entered the Augustinian order and studied

Enrique Flórez was a Spanish historian and representative figure in the movement to reform education under Charles III; he was the major scholar behind the 51-volume España sagrada (“Sacred Spain”), a monument of 18th-century historiography. In 1718 Flórez entered the Augustinian order and studied

Juan Diego Flórez is a Peruvian opera singer, widely acclaimed for his command of the high tenor range. Flórez, whose father was a performer of popular music, entered Peru’s National Conservatory of Music at age 17. He was originally interested in popular music but later shifted his focus to the

Florian was a Roman emperor from June to September 276. The brother, by a different father, of the emperor Tacitus, he at once seized power on the death of his brother. Although his action was tolerated by the Senate and the armies of the West, the legions in Syria promoted their own general,

Kłodzko: …Polish literature, the famous 15th-century Florian Psalter, was written in Kłodzko.

Felix Salten: …published another popular children’s book, Florian, the Emperor’s Stallion, the tale of a proud Lipizzaner horse who is reduced to pulling a cab after World War I.

Floriano, city and river port, west central Piauí estado (state), northeastern Brazil, on the Parnaíba River, at 280 feet (85 metres) above sea level. Floriano was elevated to city status in 1897. It is a trade centre with livestock raising and the extraction of carnauba wax as the principal

Florianópolis, port city, capital of Santa Catarina estado (state), southern Brazil. The city lies on the west coast of Santa Catarina Island and is linked to the mainland by the Hercílio Luz Bridge (1926), a suspension bridge (2,788 feet [846 metres]) that is one of the longest bridges in Brazil.

David Barnard Steinman: …United States in constructing the Florianópolis Bridge in Brazil, the beginning of a long partnership. That bridge, then the largest in South America, incorporated a new type of stiffening truss and new cable construction.

Florian was a Roman emperor from June to September 276. The brother, by a different father, of the emperor Tacitus, he at once seized power on the death of his brother. Although his action was tolerated by the Senate and the armies of the West, the legions in Syria promoted their own general,

rose: Major species and hybrids: Floribunda roses are hardy hybrids that resulted from crossing hybrid teas with polyanthas. Grandiflora roses are relatively new hybrids resulting from the crossbreeding of hybrid teas and floribunda roses. Grandifloras produce full-blossomed flowers growing on tall hardy bushes. Among the other classes of modern roses…

floriculture, branch of ornamental horticulture concerned with growing and marketing flowers and ornamental plants as well as with flower arrangement. Because flowers and potted plants are largely produced in plant-growing structures in temperate climates, floriculture is largely thought of as a

Florida, city, south-central Uruguay, on the Santa Lucía Chico River. Founded in 1809, the city processes the wheat, corn (maize), oats, sugar beets, linseed, and other products of the agricultural hinterland. Lumber mills and factories manufacturing textiles, mosaics, and hosiery also are located

Florida, city, east-central Cuba. It lies just north of the Muñoz River. Florida is a rail junction and a manufacturing centre for the surrounding agricultural and pastoral lands. The principal agricultural products of the area are sugarcane and oranges. Cattle also are raised. Large sugar

Florida, constituent state of the United States of America. It was admitted as the 27th state in 1845. Florida is the most populous of the southeastern states and the second most populous Southern state after Texas. The capital is Tallahassee, located in the northwestern panhandle. Geographic