- Gregory XVI (pope)
Gregory XVI was the pope from 1831 to 1846. His efforts to consolidate papal authority within the church were matched by his support of traditional monarchies throughout Europe. Of noble birth, he joined the Camaldolese order and entered the Monastery of San Michele di Murano, near Venice. Ordained
- Gregory, Augusta, Lady (Irish writer)
Augusta, Lady Gregory was an Irish writer and playwright who, by her translations of Irish legends, her peasant comedies and fantasies based on folklore, and her work for the Abbey Theatre, played a considerable part in the late 19th-century Irish literary renascence. In 1880 she married Sir
- Gregory, Augustus Charles (explorer)
Northern Territory: British settlement: In 1855–56 Augustus Charles Gregory, described by a contemporary as “a most competent leader…with great firmness of purpose,” led a well-organized expedition from the plains of the Victoria River eastward across the territory to the Queensland coast. In six expeditions between 1858 and 1862, the diminutive Scot…
- Gregory, C. R. (American scholar)
biblical literature: Critical scholarship: …revision by an American scholar, C.R. Gregory (adopted in 1908), though not uncomplicated has made uniform practice possible. A more pragmatic method of designation and rough classification was that of the Swiss scholar J.J. Wettstein’s edition (1751–52). His textual apparatus was relatively uncomplicated. He introduced the use of capital Roman,…
- Gregory, Cardinal Wilton (American religious leader)
Cardinal Wilton Gregory is an American Roman Catholic prelate, former archbishop of Washington, D.C. (2019–25), and the first African American cardinal. He previously served as archbishop of Atlanta (2005–19) and as bishop of Belleville, Illinois (1994–2005). Wilton also was the first Black
- Gregory, Cynthia (American ballerina)
Cynthia Gregory is an American ballerina who was noted principally for classical roles. Her performance as Odette/Odile in David Blair’s version of Swan Lake in 1967 was hailed by critics, and over the next few years she made the role virtually her own. Gregory began taking ballet lessons at the
- Gregory, D. F. (British mathematician)
history of logic: Boole and De Morgan: The British mathematicians D.F.Gregory and George Peacock were major figures in this theoretical appreciation of algebra. Such conceptions gradually evolved into “nonstandard” abstract algebras such as quaternions, vectors, linear algebra, and Boolean algebra itself.
- Gregory, Dick (American comedian and civil rights activist)
Dick Gregory was an American comedian, civil rights activist, and spokesman for health issues, who became nationally recognized in the 1960s for a biting brand of comedy that attacked racial prejudice. By addressing his hard-hitting satire to white audiences, he gave a comedic voice to the rising
- Gregory, Francis T. (Australian explorer)
Hamersley Range: …was visited in 1861 by Francis T. Gregory, an explorer and mineral surveyor, and was named for Edward Hamersley, one of the backers of Gregory’s expedition.
- Gregory, Horace (American poet and critic)
Horace Gregory was an American poet, critic, translator, and editor noted for both conventional and experimental writing. Gregory began to write poetry while studying Latin in college, and he first contributed to periodicals in the early 1920s. Finding formal verse inadequate, he tried to combine
- Gregory, Horace Victor (American poet and critic)
Horace Gregory was an American poet, critic, translator, and editor noted for both conventional and experimental writing. Gregory began to write poetry while studying Latin in college, and he first contributed to periodicals in the early 1920s. Finding formal verse inadequate, he tried to combine
- Gregory, Isabella Augusta, Lady (Irish writer)
Augusta, Lady Gregory was an Irish writer and playwright who, by her translations of Irish legends, her peasant comedies and fantasies based on folklore, and her work for the Abbey Theatre, played a considerable part in the late 19th-century Irish literary renascence. In 1880 she married Sir
- Gregory, Isabella Augusta, Lady (Irish writer)
Augusta, Lady Gregory was an Irish writer and playwright who, by her translations of Irish legends, her peasant comedies and fantasies based on folklore, and her work for the Abbey Theatre, played a considerable part in the late 19th-century Irish literary renascence. In 1880 she married Sir
- Gregory, James (Scottish mathematician and astronomer)
James Gregory was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer who discovered infinite series representations for a number of trigonometry functions, although he is mostly remembered for his description of the first practical reflecting telescope, now known as the Gregorian telescope. The son of an
- Gregory, Richard Claxton (American comedian and civil rights activist)
Dick Gregory was an American comedian, civil rights activist, and spokesman for health issues, who became nationally recognized in the 1960s for a biting brand of comedy that attacked racial prejudice. By addressing his hard-hitting satire to white audiences, he gave a comedic voice to the rising
- Gregory, Rogan (American fashion designer)
Rogan Gregory is an American fashion designer and sculptor known for his environmentally and socially conscious clothing lines. He was perhaps best known as the creative director (2005–07) of Edun. Gregory grew up in an environmentally conscious family and pursued fashion design at Miami University
- Gregory, Shirley Diana (German-American writer and sexologist)
The Hite Report: …Hite Report, publication by feminist Shere Hite in 1976 that, while flawed in its handling of statistics, challenged numerous accepted notions about female sexuality.
- Gregory, William K. (American biologist)
Alfred Sherwood Romer: Youth and education: …Columbia University to work under William K. Gregory. Romer completed the work for his Ph.D. in two years and produced a thesis that remains a classic in comparative myology, the study of musculature. With others who were students at Columbia at about this time, Romer was deeply influenced by Gregory…
- Gregory, Wilton Daniel (American religious leader)
Cardinal Wilton Gregory is an American Roman Catholic prelate, former archbishop of Washington, D.C. (2019–25), and the first African American cardinal. He previously served as archbishop of Atlanta (2005–19) and as bishop of Belleville, Illinois (1994–2005). Wilton also was the first Black
- greguería (literary term)
Ramón Gómez de la Serna: …was a Spanish writer whose greguerías, brief poetic statements characterized by a free association of words, ideas, and objects, had a significant influence on avant-garde literature in Europe and Latin America.
- Greider, Carol W. (American molecular biologist)
Carol W. Greider is an American molecular biologist who was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with American molecular biologist and biochemist Elizabeth H. Blackburn and American biochemist and geneticist Jack W. Szostak, for her research into telomeres (segments of DNA
- Greider, Carol Widney (American molecular biologist)
Carol W. Greider is an American molecular biologist who was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with American molecular biologist and biochemist Elizabeth H. Blackburn and American biochemist and geneticist Jack W. Szostak, for her research into telomeres (segments of DNA
- Greiff, León de (Colombian poet)
León de Greiff was a Latin-American poet notable for his stylistic innovations. De Greiff was of Swedish and German ancestry. His first book, Tergiversaciones (1925; “Tergiversations”), while displaying the musicality common to the Latin-American modernist poets, was innovative in its invention of
- Greifswald (Germany)
Greifswald, city, Mecklenburg–West Pomerania Land (state), northeastern Germany. It lies 20 miles (30 km) southeast of Stralsund near the mouth of the Ryck River, which empties into Greifswalder Bay on the Baltic Sea. First mentioned in 1209 as a market settlement of the Eldena monastery and
- Greifswald, Treaty of (European history)
Boris Ivanovich, Prince Kurakin: …of Great Britain; concluded the Treaty of Greifswald (1715) between Peter and George (as elector of Hanover), in which they exchanged territorial guarantees; and participated with Peter in the Paris negotiations resulting in a French agreement not to provide Sweden with assistance.
- Greiman, April (American graphic designer)
graphic design: Postmodern graphic design: During the late 1970s, April Greiman was acclaimed for her postmodernist experimentation. (In the 1970s and ’80s, increasing numbers of women entered the graphic-design field and achieved prominence.) Her dynamic typographic innovations and colourful montages were often made in collaboration with photographer Jayme Odgers. A cover for WET magazine,…
- Grein, Jack Thomas (British critic, playwright, and theater manager)
Jack Thomas Grein was a Dutch-born British critic, playwright, and theatre manager who influenced British drama at the turn of the 20th century. Drawn to the theatre as a boy, Grein became a drama critic at 18. Family misfortunes forced him to go to London, where he worked for the Dutch East India
- Grein, Jacob Thomas (British critic, playwright, and theater manager)
Jack Thomas Grein was a Dutch-born British critic, playwright, and theatre manager who influenced British drama at the turn of the 20th century. Drawn to the theatre as a boy, Grein became a drama critic at 18. Family misfortunes forced him to go to London, where he worked for the Dutch East India
- Greiner, W. (physicist)
radioactivity: Heavy-ion radioactivity: Poenaru, and W. Greiner described calculations indicating the possibility of a new type of decay of heavy nuclei intermediate between alpha decay and spontaneous fission. The first observation of heavy-ion radioactivity was that of a 30-MeV, carbon-14 emission from radium-223 by H.J. Rose and G.A. Jones in…
- Greis, Michael (German athlete)
Olympic Games: Turin, Italy, 2006: Michael Greis of Germany won three gold medals in biathlon events, but his success was overshadowed by the drug controversies in the Nordic skiing competition. Olga Pyleva, a Russian silver medalist in the biathlon, was disqualified after failing her drug test. Coach Walter Mayer, who…
- greisen (rock)
greisen, modification of granite, an intrusive igneous rock; it consists essentially of quartz and white mica (muscovite) and is characterized by the absence of feldspar and biotite. The rock usually has a silvery, glittering appearance from the abundance of layered muscovite crystals, but many
- Greitens, Eric (American politician)
Josh Hawley: The makings of a politician: …into whether Missouri’s Republican governor, Eric Greitens, had illegally used the resources of a charity organization for political gain. On the basis of evidence discovered by Hawley’s office, the St. Louis Circuit Attorney’s Office filed criminal charges against Greitens in April 2018. However, the case was eventually dropped after Greitens…
- grémio (Portuguese guild)
grémio, any of the organized guilds that were founded during the Moorish occupation of Portugal (714–1249) by men who worked in the same craft and who generally lived on the same street in a given city. Each guild selected a patron saint, usually one who had shared its profession, and designed a
- Gremio (fictional character)
The Taming of the Shrew: …follows the competition between Hortensio, Gremio, and Lucentio for Bianca’s hand in marriage. The only serious candidate is Lucentio, the son of a wealthy Florentine gentleman. He is so smitten with Bianca’s charms that he exchanges places with his clever servant, Tranio, in order to gain access to the woman…
- Grenada
Grenada, island country of the West Indies. It is the southernmost island of the north-south arc of the Lesser Antilles, lying in the eastern Caribbean Sea about 100 miles (160 km) north of the coast of Venezuela. Oval in shape, the island is approximately 21 miles (34 km) long and 12 miles (19 km)
- Grenada (Mississippi, United States)
Grenada, city, seat (1870) of Grenada county, north-central Mississippi, U.S. It lies along the Yalobusha River at the eastern edge of the Mississippi River valley, 111 miles (179 km) north of Jackson. It was formed in 1836 by the merger of Tullahoma and Pittsburg, two villages established by rival
- Grenada Basin (submarine feature, Caribbean Sea)
Caribbean Sea: Physiography: …Venezuelan Basin from the small Grenada Basin, which is bounded to the east by the Antillean arc of islands.
- Grenada Lake (lake, Mississippi, United States)
Grenada: Grenada Lake, impounded on the Yalobusha, is the site of Hugh White State Park; Holly Springs National Forest is immediately to the north. Inc. 1836. Pop. (2010) 13,092; (2020) 12,692.
- Grenada National Party (political party, Grenada)
Grenada: Independence of Grenada: …Labour Party (GULP) defeated the Grenada National Party (GNP) and took office under the premiership of Eric M. Gairy, a trade unionist. Grenada became an independent nation on February 7, 1974. The transition was marked by violence, strikes, and controversy centring upon Gairy, who was named prime minister. Opposition to…
- Grenada United Labour Party (political party, Grenada)
Grenada: Independence of Grenada: …election of August 1967, the Grenada United Labour Party (GULP) defeated the Grenada National Party (GNP) and took office under the premiership of Eric M. Gairy, a trade unionist. Grenada became an independent nation on February 7, 1974. The transition was marked by violence, strikes, and controversy centring upon Gairy,…
- Grenada, flag of
national flag consisting of a diagonally divided field of yellow-green-yellow-green with a red border; in addition to the six yellow stars in the border, there is a central star in a red disk and, at the hoist, a nutmeg symbol. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 3 to 5.Proposals were made in
- Grenada, State of
Grenada, island country of the West Indies. It is the southernmost island of the north-south arc of the Lesser Antilles, lying in the eastern Caribbean Sea about 100 miles (160 km) north of the coast of Venezuela. Oval in shape, the island is approximately 21 miles (34 km) long and 12 miles (19 km)
- grenade (military technology)
grenade, small explosive, chemical, or gas bomb that is used at short range. The word grenade probably derived from the French word for pomegranate, because the bulbous shapes of early grenades resembled that fruit. Grenades came into use around the 15th century and were found to be particularly
- grenade launcher (weapon)
small arm: Grenade launchers: Soldiers have always favoured grenades for the killing and stunning effect of their explosive power, but the effectiveness of hand grenades has always been limited to the distance they can be thrown. Extending the range of grenades requires that they be launched by…
- grenade rounds (weapon)
grenade: There are also small-arm grenade rounds, shaped like bullets but of much greater diameter (usually 40 mm). These contain their own low-energy propellant charges and are shot from special large-bore launchers similar to shotguns or from launchers attached to infantry assault rifles. Another type of grenade is the antitank…
- grenadier (fish)
grenadier, any of about 300 species of abundant deep-sea fishes of the family Macrouridae found along the ocean bottom in warm and temperate regions. The typical grenadier is a large-headed fish with a tapered body ending in a long, ratlike tail bordered above and below by the anal and second
- grenadier (military)
grenadier, soldier particularly selected and trained to hurl grenades. The earliest grenadiers (late 16th century) were not organized in special units, but by the mid-17th century they formed special companies within battalions. Exceptional strength and courage were needed for hurling the grenade,
- grenadier weaver (bird)
bishop: The 13-centimetre (5-inch) red bishop (E. orix), also called grenadier weaver, displays by flying about and clapping its wings. Red bishops have become established in southern Australia.
- grenadine (plant)
carnation, (Dianthus caryophyllus), herbaceous plant of the pink, or carnation, family (Caryophyllaceae), native to the Mediterranean area. It is widely cultivated for its fringe-petaled flowers, which often have a spicy fragrance, and is used extensively in the floral industry. See also pink
- Grenadine Islands (islands, West Indies)
Grenadines, chain of about 600 islands and islets in the southeastern part of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, ranging over 60 miles (100 km) generally southwesterly from Saint Vincent to Grenada. The northern Grenadines are administratively part of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, while
- grenadine syrup (foodstuff)
pomegranate: …juice is the source of grenadine syrup, used in flavourings and liqueurs. Pomegranate is high in dietary fibre, folic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin K.
- Grenadines (islands, West Indies)
Grenadines, chain of about 600 islands and islets in the southeastern part of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, ranging over 60 miles (100 km) generally southwesterly from Saint Vincent to Grenada. The northern Grenadines are administratively part of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, while
- Grendel (fictional character)
Grendel, fictional character, a monstrous creature defeated by Beowulf in the Old English poem Beowulf (composed between 700 and 750 ce). Descended from the biblical Cain, Grendel is an outcast, doomed to wander the face of the earth. He revenges himself upon humans by terrorizing and occasionally
- Grendel (novel by Gardner)
Beowulf: Editions and adaptations: John Gardner’s Grendel (1971), for example, took the point of view of the monster, while Maria Dahvana Headley’s The Mere Wife (2018) was set in contemporary American suburbia and offered a more sympathetic portrayal of Grendel’s mother, who was presented as an army veteran suffering from PTSD.…
- Grendey, Giles (British cabinetmaker)
lacquerwork: Europe: …were made in England by Giles Grendey and other cabinetmakers of the Chippendale era (1754–68), many of whose masterpieces are housed in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Rooms with lacquered walls have survived at the palaces of Nymphenburg outside Munich, Bamberg, and other German cities. Small lacquered boxes called…
- Grene, Marjorie (American philosopher)
Marjorie Grene was an American philosopher who is considered the founder of the philosophy of biology. Grene was known for her innovative theories on the nature of the scientific study of life, which she addressed in several works on Existentialism, including Dreadful Freedom: A Critique of
- Grenfell Tower (building, London, United Kingdom)
United Kingdom: The Grenfell Tower fire, a novichok attack in Salisbury, and air strikes on Syria: …multistory public housing residence (Grenfell Tower) in London claimed the lives of 72 individuals, many of whom were recent immigrants. The incident prompted a period of national soul-searching after it was revealed that months before the fire the building’s low-income residents had raised concerns about fire safety and complained…
- Grenfell, George (English missionary and explorer)
George Grenfell was an English Baptist missionary and West African explorer. In 1874 the Baptist Missionary Society assigned Grenfell to the Cameroons, where he undertook various explorations. Transferring to the Congo in 1878, Grenfell established new mission stations, through which he helped to
- Grenfell, Sir Wilfred (British missionary)
Sir Wilfred Grenfell was an English medical missionary who was the tireless benefactor of the people of Labrador. While still a medical student at London University in 1887, Grenfell was impressed by the sermons of the American evangelist Dwight L. Moody and, in the same year, joined the Royal
- Grenoble (France)
Grenoble, city, capital of Isère département, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes région, southeastern France (Dauphiné), southeast of Lyon. It lies along the Isère River, 702 feet (214 metres) above sea level, at the foot of Mount Rachais. The Isère divides the city into two unequal parts. The oldest part of the
- Grenoble 1968 Olympic Winter Games
Grenoble 1968 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in Grenoble, France, that took place Feb. 6–18, 1968. The Grenoble Games were the 10th occurrence of the Winter Olympic Games. The 1968 Winter Games, opened by French Pres. Charles de Gaulle, were a triumph for France but were not without
- Grenoble I, II, and III, Universities of (university, Grenoble, France)
Universities of Grenoble I, II, and III, coeducational, autonomous, state-financed institutions of higher learning in Grenoble, France. The universities were founded under France’s 1968 Orientation Act providing for the reform of higher education. They replaced the original University of Grenoble,
- Grenoble I, II, et III, Universités de (university, Grenoble, France)
Universities of Grenoble I, II, and III, coeducational, autonomous, state-financed institutions of higher learning in Grenoble, France. The universities were founded under France’s 1968 Orientation Act providing for the reform of higher education. They replaced the original University of Grenoble,
- Grenville (island, Fiji)
Rotuma Island, island dependency of Fiji, South Pacific Ocean, 400 miles (640 km) north-northwest of Suva. Rotuma is a volcanic island surrounded by eight islets. Sighted in 1791 by the British naval ship Pandora during its search for the HMS Bounty mutineers, the main island was formerly called
- Grenville Orogen (geology)
North America: 1.3 billion to 950 million years ago: …northwest-directed crustal-scale thrusting in the Grenville orogenic belt. The belt is exposed principally along the southeastern margin of the Canadian Shield, but inliers occur in the Appalachians, the East Greenland Caledonides, Texas, and Mexico. It has been traced at depth across the eastern and southern fringes of the interior platform.…
- Grenville, George (prime minister of Great Britain)
George Grenville was an English politician whose policy of taxing the American colonies, initiated by his Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, started the train of events leading to the American Revolution. He entered Parliament in 1741, one of the “cousinhood” of men interrelated by blood
- Grenville, Kate (Australian novelist)
Kate Grenville is an Australian novelist whose works of historical fiction examine class, race, and gender in colonial and contemporary Australia. After earning a bachelor’s degree in literature (1972) from the University of Sydney, Grenville began working as a film editor, writer, and script
- Grenville, Richard (British statesman)
Richard Grenville-Temple, 1st Earl Temple was an English statesman, the brother-in-law of William Pitt, under whom he served as the first lord of the Admiralty. The eldest son of Richard Grenville (d. 1727) and Hester, afterward Countess Temple, he was educated at Eton and was member of Parliament
- Grenville, Sir Richard (English naval commander)
Sir Richard Grenville was a colourful and daring English naval commander who fought heroically, against overwhelming odds, in a celebrated encounter with a Spanish fleet off Flores Island in the Azores. He fought with the imperial army against the Turks in Hungary (1566–68). Next he helped to
- Grenville, William Wyndham Grenville, Baron (British politician)
William Wyndham Grenville, Baron Grenville was a British politician, son of prime minister George Grenville; he was himself head of the coalition “Ministry of all the Talents,” Feb. 11, 1806–March 25, 1807. His greatest achievement was the abolition of the British overseas slave trade by a bill
- Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (German counterterrorism unit)
GSG 9, that exists within Germany’s Federal Police (Bundespolizei). It was formed in the wake of the massacre at the Munich 1972 Olympic Games. After the defeat of the Nazi regime in World War II, the West German government was reorganized. West Germany had an army but no national police force or
- Grenzwald, Der (work by Doderer)
Heimito von Doderer: The second volume, Der Grenzwald (“The Frontier Forest”), unfinished, appeared posthumously in 1967.
- GREP (UN)
rinderpest: …launch in 1994 of the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations led to the implementation of effective rinderpest-control programs in affected areas of the world. The targeted date for eradication was 2011. In 2010 a preliminary report by GREP suggested…
- Gresham’s law (economics)
Gresham’s law, observation in economics that “bad money drives out good.” More exactly, if coins containing metal of different value have the same value as legal tender, the coins composed of the cheaper metal will be used for payment, while those made of more expensive metal will be hoarded or
- Gresham, Sir Thomas (English financier)
Sir Thomas Gresham was an English merchant, financier, and founder of the Royal Exchange. Gresham was educated at the University of Cambridge and later trained as a lawyer. He was an agent of the English government in the Low Countries, where he engaged in espionage, smuggled war materials and
- Gresham, Walter Quintin (American politician)
Walter Quintin Gresham was a leading Republican politician after the American Civil War who abandoned his party to serve as U.S. secretary of state (1893–95) under the Democratic administration of President Grover Cleveland. After serving as a brevet major general in the Union Army during the Civil
- Gresset, Jean-Baptiste-Louis (French author)
Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset was a French poet and dramatist who received immediate and lasting acclaim for his irreverently comic narrative poem Ver-Vert (1734; Ver-Vert, or the Nunnery Parrot), describing with wit tinged with malice the adventures of a parrot who attempts to maintain his decorous
- Gressly, Amanz (Swiss geologist)
Amanz Gressly was a Swiss geologist who originated the study of stratigraphic facies when he discovered lateral differences in the character and fossil content of strata in the Jura Mountains, reflecting a variation of the original environment of deposition. At a time when geologists mainly studied
- Gressmann, Hugo (German religious scholar)
Hugo Gressmann was a German Old Testament scholar who was a prominent advocate of the religio-historical approach. After attending the University of Göttingen, Gressmann was lecturer at the University of Kiel (1902–06), where he wrote his first important book, Der Ursprung der
- Greta (film by Jordan [2018])
Neil Jordan: Other films: He later helmed and cowrote Greta (2018), a horror movie starring Isabelle Huppert. Jordan also directed and cowrote (with William Monahan) Marlowe (2022), a crime mystery starring Neeson, Diane Kruger, and Jessica Lange. The film was adapted from John Banville’s novel The Black-Eyed Blonde, which in itself reimagined characters created
- Greta Bridge (painting by Cotman)
John Sell Cotman: Greta Bridge (c. 1805), probably his best-known work, is typical of the work he produced while he lived at Greta in Yorkshire. It is composed almost entirely of broad planes of colour, avoiding chiaroscuro and linear design. Late in 1806 Cotman left London and returned…
- Gretchaninov, Aleksandr Tikhonovich (Russian composer)
Aleksandr Grechaninov was a Russian composer notable for his religious works and children’s music. Grechaninov studied piano and composition at the Moscow Conservatory, and from 1890 to 1893 he worked at composition and orchestration with Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov at the St. Petersburg Conservatory.
- Gretchen am Spinnrade (song by Schubert)
Franz Schubert: Early life and career: …a poem by Goethe, “Gretchen am Spinnrade” (“Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel”), from Faust; it was his 30th song and in this masterpiece he created at one stroke the German lied (art song). The following year brought the composition of more than 140 songs.
- Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel (song by Schubert)
Franz Schubert: Early life and career: …a poem by Goethe, “Gretchen am Spinnrade” (“Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel”), from Faust; it was his 30th song and in this masterpiece he created at one stroke the German lied (art song). The following year brought the composition of more than 140 songs.
- Gretna (Louisiana, United States)
Gretna, city, seat (1884) of Jefferson parish, southeastern Louisiana, U.S. It lies along the west bank of the Mississippi River (there bridged) opposite New Orleans. Founded in the early 1800s as Mechanicsham by Nicholas Noel Destréhan, a plantation owner, it was settled by immigrants of German
- Gretna Green (Scotland, United Kingdom)
Gretna Green, village in Dumfries and Galloway council area, historic county of Dumfriesshire, Scotland. It lies just north of the River Sark, the dividing line between England and Scotland, and was long famous as the goal of eloping English couples seeking hasty marriage. Because of a change in
- Grétry, André-Ernest-Modeste (Belgian-French composer)
André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry was a French composer of operas, a leader in the evolution of French opéra comique from light popular plays with music into semiserious musical drama. Grétry studied singing, violin, and harmony and in 1761 was sent to Rome to study composition. In 1766 he went to Geneva
- Grettir (Icelandic mythology)
Grettis saga: …character of its outlaw hero, Grettir, and on its skillful incorporation into the narrative of numerous motifs from folklore. Its theme is summed up in the gnomic style of the sagas: “Good gifts and good luck are often worlds apart.”
- Grettis saga (Icelandic saga)
Grettis saga, (c. 1320), latest and one of the finest of Icelandic family sagas. Its distinction rests on the complex, problematic character of its outlaw hero, Grettir, and on its skillful incorporation into the narrative of numerous motifs from folklore. Its theme is summed up in the gnomic style
- Gretzky, Wayne (Canadian ice hockey player)
Wayne Gretzky is a former ice hockey player from Canada who is considered by many to be the greatest player in the history of the National Hockey League (NHL). During his career, which included nine seasons with the Edmonton Oilers, Gretzky set numerous NHL records, including for most points
- Gretzky, Wayne Douglas (Canadian ice hockey player)
Wayne Gretzky is a former ice hockey player from Canada who is considered by many to be the greatest player in the history of the National Hockey League (NHL). During his career, which included nine seasons with the Edmonton Oilers, Gretzky set numerous NHL records, including for most points
- Greutingi (people)
ancient Rome: The reign of Valentinian and Valens: …375 the Ostrogoths and the Greutingi appeared on the frontiers, pushed from their home in southern Russia by the powerful Huns. In 376 Valens authorized the starving masses to enter Thrace; but, being exploited and mistreated by the officials, they soon turned to uncontrollable pillaging. Their numbers continually increased by…
- Greuze, Jean-Baptiste (French painter)
Jean-Baptiste Greuze was a French genre and portrait painter who initiated a mid-18th-century vogue for sentimental and moralizing anecdotes in paintings. Greuze studied first at Lyon and afterward at the Royal Academy in Paris. He first exhibited at the Salon of 1755 and won an immediate success
- Grevelingen Lake (lake, Netherlands)
Grevelingen Lake, nontidal saltwater lake, southwestern Netherlands, located between the joined islands of Schouwen and Duiveland to the south and Goeree and Overflakkee to the north. As part of the Delta Project for land reclamation and tidal flood protection, this former (14 miles [22 km ] tidal
- Grevelingenmeer (lake, Netherlands)
Grevelingen Lake, nontidal saltwater lake, southwestern Netherlands, located between the joined islands of Schouwen and Duiveland to the south and Goeree and Overflakkee to the north. As part of the Delta Project for land reclamation and tidal flood protection, this former (14 miles [22 km ] tidal
- Grevens Fejde (Denmark [1534–1536])
Count’s War, (1534–36), the last Danish war of succession, which resulted in the strengthening of the monarchy and in the establishment of Danish Lutheranism, as well as in a change in the Baltic balance of power. The war derived its name from Count Christopher of Oldenburg. Christopher
- Greville, Fulke, 1st Baron Brooke (English writer)
Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke was an English writer who, on his tomb, styled himself “Servant to Q. Eliz., councellor to King James, and friend to Sir Philip Sidney,” but who is best remembered as a powerful philosophical poet and exponent of a plain style of writing. Greville’s Life of the
- Grevillea robusta (tree)
silky oak, (Grevillea robusta), large tree native to Australia and also grown as a street tree in warm areas and, in its juvenile stage, as an indoor pot plant. It belongs to the family Proteaceae (see Proteales). In Australia it is cut for timber, but elsewhere it is valued for its graceful,
- Grévin, Jacques (French author)
Jacques Grévin was a French poet and dramatist who is credited with writing the first original French plays to observe the form of classical tragedies and comedies. Before becoming a doctor of medicine at the University of Paris, Grévin wrote several successful comedies, including La Trésorière
- Grevinckhoven, Nicolaas (Dutch theologian)
William Ames: …for the passage, he debated Nicolaas Grevinckhoven (Grevinchovius), minister to the local Arminian Church, on the doctrines of atonement and predestination. The Calvinists emphasized that salvation is limited to those who are foreordained by God to receive it and are not capable of falling out of his grace. The Arminians,…