Gulf + Western Inc., corporation that was founded in 1958 by Charles Bluhdorn and became one of the most highly diversified conglomerates in the United States. Gulf + Western took control of the Paramount Pictures Corporation (q.v.) in 1966. Gulf + Western changed its name to Paramount

Bahrain: Transportation and telecommunications: Manama is the headquarters of Gulf Air, originally a joint venture between Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates but now owned solely by the government of Bahrain. Steamers run scheduled service from Bahrain to other gulf ports and to Pakistan and India.

Gulf Coast, geographic area in the extreme southern United States along the northern portion of the Gulf of Mexico. Stretching in a large, flattened U shape for more than 1,200 miles (1,900 km), it extends about 100 miles (160 km) inland and runs north-northwest along western Florida; west along

Mexico: Physiographic regions: The Gulf Coastal Plain, which is much wider than its Pacific coast counterpart, extends some 900 miles (1,450 km) along the Gulf of Mexico from Tamaulipas state (on the Texas border) through Veracruz and Tabasco states to the Yucatán Peninsula; it includes the Tabasco Plain in…

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), political and economic alliance of six Middle Eastern countries—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. The GCC was established in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in May 1981. The purpose of the GCC is to achieve unity among its members based

cordgrass: Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) and gulf cordgrass (S. spartinae) are the most widely distributed North American species.

Gulf Country, lowland region of northwestern Queensland and northeastern Northern Territory, Australia, bordering the Gulf of Carpentaria. Crisscrossed by the distributaries of numerous rivers, the area supports the breeding and fattening of cattle. The stock is then collected at centres such as

Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, an improved navigable waterway along the Gulf Coast of the United States, extending from Apalachee Bay, Florida, westward to the Mexican border at Brownsville, Texas, a distance of more than 1,100 miles (1,770 km). In part artificial, the waterway consists of a channel

Gulf Islands National Seashore, group of barrier islands along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the southern United States, located near Gulfport and Biloxi, southern Mississippi, and near Pensacola, northwestern Florida. It also includes a mainland portion, and some four-fifths of the national

Robert Pinsky: …Poems (1996), Jersey Rain (2000), Gulf Music (2007), and At the Foundling Hospital (2016). Landor’s Poetry (1968), The Situation of Poetry: Contemporary Poetry and Its Tradition (1976), Poetry and the World (1988), The Sounds of Poetry: A Brief Guide (1998), and Democracy, Culture, and the Voice of Poetry (2002) are…

vaquita, (Phocoena sinus), species of nonmigratory marine mammal known for being the smallest member of the porpoise family, Phocoenidae, and the most endangered marine mammal species on Earth. Most researchers acknowledge that the vaquita population is made up of roughly 10 individuals; however,

Gulf of Mexico / Gulf of America, partially landlocked body of water on the southeastern periphery of the North American continent. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Straits of Florida, running between the peninsula of Florida and the island of Cuba, and to the Caribbean Sea by the

Gulf of Pagasaí, gulf of the Aegean Sea, nomós (department) of Magnisía, Thessaly (Modern Greek: Thessalía), Greece. The gulf is almost landlocked by a fishhook prong of the Magnesia peninsula, which forms the Tríkkeri Strait. At the head of the gulf is Vólos, the primary port of Thessaly. It lies

Gulf of Tonkin incident, complex naval event in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of Vietnam, that occurred from August 2 to August 4, 1964, during the Vietnam War. It was described to the U.S. Congress on August 5, 1964, as two unprovoked attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the U.S.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, resolution put before the U.S. Congress by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 5, 1964, during the Vietnam War. Johnson presented it as a response to two allegedly unprovoked attacks in the Gulf of Tonkin by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the U.S. destroyers Maddox

Gulf Oil Corporation, former American petroleum company; it was acquired by Chevron Corporation in 1984. Although Gulf Oil was originally incorporated in 1907, its beginnings go back to the tapping in 1901 of an enormous oil gusher on Spindletop Hill, near Beaumont, Texas. The development of this

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), political and economic alliance of six Middle Eastern countries—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. The GCC was established in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in May 1981. The purpose of the GCC is to achieve unity among its members based

Gulf Stream, warm ocean current flowing in the North Atlantic northeastward off the North American coast between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, U.S., and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada. In popular conception the Gulf Stream also includes the Florida Current (between the Straits of Florida

Winslow Homer: Final years and legacy: The Gulf Stream (1899) stands at the apex of Homer’s career. A Black man lies inert on the deck of a small sailboat. A hurricane has shredded the sails, snapped off the mast, and snatched away the rudder. Unlike the boys in Breezing Up or…

Gulf Stream, warm ocean current flowing in the North Atlantic northeastward off the North American coast between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, U.S., and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada. In popular conception the Gulf Stream also includes the Florida Current (between the Straits of Florida

Persian Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed

Gulf War syndrome, cluster of illnesses in veterans of the Persian Gulf War (1990–91). Gulf War syndrome is characterized not by any definable medical condition or diagnostic test but by variable and nonspecific symptoms. While not fatal, it is associated with considerable distress and disability.

Gulf War syndrome, cluster of illnesses in veterans of the Persian Gulf War (1990–91). Gulf War syndrome is characterized not by any definable medical condition or diagnostic test but by variable and nonspecific symptoms. While not fatal, it is associated with considerable distress and disability.

Derek Walcott: … (1964), The Castaway (1965), and The Gulf (1969) is similarly lush in style and incantatory in mood as Walcott expresses his feelings of personal isolation, caught between his European cultural orientation and the black folk cultures of his native Caribbean. Another Life (1973) is a book-length autobiographical poem. In Sea…

Gulfport, city, coseat (with nearby Biloxi) of Harrison county, southern Mississippi, U.S., about 55 miles (90 km) east of New Orleans, Louisiana. Gulfport is a port of entry on Mississippi Sound, an embayment of the Gulf of Mexico. It was founded in 1887 by Captain William H. Hardy as the site for

Hallandale Beach: Gulfstream Park (opened in 1939), with its garden of champions (displaying plaques honouring great Thoroughbred horses), is the home of the annual Florida Derby (March); the city also has a greyhound-racing track. Inc. town, 1927; city, 1947. Pop. (2000) 34,282; (2010) 37,113.

Sargassum, genus of about 150 species of brown algae (family Sargassaceae) generally attached to rocks along coasts in temperate regions or occurring as pelagic (free-floating) algae in the open sea. The Sargasso Sea in the western Atlantic Ocean, which is often characterized by floating masses of

Abdülmecid I: …Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane (Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber) in 1839 and the Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Edict) in 1856, heralding the new era of Tanzimat (“Reorganization”).

Dmitrii Gulia was an Abkhazian writer, educator, and cultural pioneer, commonly considered the founder of Abkhazian literature. From an early age, Gulia was active in promoting the Abkhaz language, and in 1892 he created a revised Abkhaz script and primer with K.D. Machavariani. Gulia was one of

Dmitrii Gulia was an Abkhazian writer, educator, and cultural pioneer, commonly considered the founder of Abkhazian literature. From an early age, Gulia was active in promoting the Abkhaz language, and in 1892 he created a revised Abkhaz script and primer with K.D. Machavariani. Gulia was one of

Dmitrii Gulia was an Abkhazian writer, educator, and cultural pioneer, commonly considered the founder of Abkhazian literature. From an early age, Gulia was active in promoting the Abkhaz language, and in 1892 he created a revised Abkhaz script and primer with K.D. Machavariani. Gulia was one of

physical culture: Athletic clubs and sports: Luther Gulick, a student of Sargent and a devotee of Muscular Christianity, infused a sport and fitness component into the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), founded in 1844. As director of the YMCA Training School (now Springfield College), Gulick ordered assistant James Naismith to develop…

Jiangxi: Settlement patterns: …is the beautiful resort of Guling, perched at about 3,500 feet (1,060 metres) in the Lu Mountains.

Saʿdī: …Orchard) and the Gulistān (1258; The Rose Garden). The Būstān is entirely in verse (epic metre) and consists of stories aptly illustrating the standard virtues recommended to Muslims (justice, liberality, modesty, contentment) as well as of reflections on the behaviour of dervishes and their ecstatic practices. The Gulistān is mainly…

Guliston, city, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies in the southeastern part of the Mirzachül (formerly Golodnaya) steppe, 75 miles (120 km) southwest of Tashkent. It became important after irrigation works enabled cotton to be grown in the area. It served as the administrative centre of Syrdarya oblast

history of Transcaucasia: Russian penetration: By the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, Persia ceded to Russia a wide area of the khanates of the eastern Caucasus, from Länkäran northward to Derbent. Russia had little difficulty in acquiring by conquest from Persia in 1828 a stretch of the northern Armenian plateau, including the…

Guliston, city, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies in the southeastern part of the Mirzachül (formerly Golodnaya) steppe, 75 miles (120 km) southwest of Tashkent. It became important after irrigation works enabled cotton to be grown in the area. It served as the administrative centre of Syrdarya oblast

gull, any of more than 40 species of heavily built web-footed seabirds of the gull and tern family Laridae (order Charadriiformes). Several genera are usually recognized for certain specialized gulls, but many authorities place these in the broad genus Larus. Conspicuous and gregarious, gulls are

Gull Falls, waterfall, southwestern Iceland, on the Hvítá river, a tributary of the Ölfusá. It is fed by the meltwaters of the Langjökull (Lang Glacier) on the central plateau, falling down 105 feet (32 metres) to the southern farming region. Gullfoss (“Golden Falls”) is one of Iceland’s most

Sir William Withey Gull, 1st Baronet was a leading English physician of his time, lecturer and physician at Guy’s Hospital, London, and an outstanding clinical teacher. Gull received his M.D. from the University of London in 1846 and became lecturer on physiology and anatomy and then physician, at

Gullah, Black American ethnic group that chiefly inhabits a region stretching along the southeastern coast of the United States, from Pender county in southern North Carolina to St. Johns county in northern Florida. This geographic area is sometimes referred to by its National Park Service

Gullah, English-based creole vernacular spoken primarily by African Americans living on the seaboard of South Carolina and Georgia (U.S.), who are also culturally identified as Gullahs or Geechees (see also Sea Islands). Gullah developed in rice fields during the 18th century as a result of contact

Gullah, Black American ethnic group that chiefly inhabits a region stretching along the southeastern coast of the United States, from Pender county in southern North Carolina to St. Johns county in northern Florida. This geographic area is sometimes referred to by its National Park Service

Cildo Meireles: …influenced by the Brazilian critic Ferreira Gullar—insisted that the objects were not the art:

Swedish literature: Development of lyric poetry: …Dan Andersson, Birger Sjöberg, and Hjalmar Gullberg. In Gullberg’s poetry, religious commitment and classical learning are balanced by irony and wit. A more esoteric style in modernism was introduced by Bertil Malmberg and developed by the group of poets referred to as the generation of the 1940s, which included Erik…

And Fjord: …south, where it is called Gulles Fjord. Its total length is about 55 miles (90 km) from its broad opening into the Norwegian Sea near the Andenes lighthouse and the airport on And Island to its head in the interior of Hinn Island, the largest of the Vesterålen.

And Fjord: …south, where it is called Gulles Fjord. Its total length is about 55 miles (90 km) from its broad opening into the Norwegian Sea near the Andenes lighthouse and the airport on And Island to its head in the interior of Hinn Island, the largest of the Vesterålen.

esophagus, relatively straight muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus can contract or expand to allow for the passage of food. Anatomically, it lies behind the trachea and heart and in front of the spinal column; it passes through the muscular

Gull Falls, waterfall, southwestern Iceland, on the Hvítá river, a tributary of the Ölfusá. It is fed by the meltwaters of the Langjökull (Lang Glacier) on the central plateau, falling down 105 feet (32 metres) to the southern farming region. Gullfoss (“Golden Falls”) is one of Iceland’s most

English literature: Other poetic styles: …Sir John Davies in his Gulling Sonnets (c. 1594) and by the Jesuit poet Robert Southwell. A particular stimulus to experiment was the variety of new possibilities made available by verse translation, from Richard Stanyhurst’s extraordinary Aeneid (1582), in quantitative hexameter and littered with obscure or invented diction, and Sir…

Gulliver’s Travels: Reprints and adaptations: …Harris as Gulliver, and a 2010 family comedy featuring Jack Black in the lead role. In addition, a two-part television movie starring Ted Danson was released in 1996.

Gulliver’s Travels, four-part satirical work by Anglo-Irish author Jonathan Swift, published anonymously in 1726 as Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. A keystone of English literature, it is one of the books that contributed to the emergence of the novel as a literary form in

Fleischer brothers: …the Disney style; the first, Gulliver’s Travels (1939), was a moderate success, but the follow-up effort, Mr. Bug Goes to Town (1941; also released as Hoppity Goes to Town), was a box-office flop. The lavishly produced Superman series of the early 1940s fared somewhat better, but its production was too…

Allvar Gullstrand: …for cataracts and devised the Gullstrand slit lamp, a valuable diagnostic tool that facilitates detailed study of the eye. Gullstrand’s investigations led to a new concept of the theory of optical images. He expanded the classic theory of the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz to include the redisposition of internal…

Allvar Gullstrand was a Swedish ophthalmologist, recipient of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his research on the eye as a light-refracting apparatus. Gullstrand studied in Uppsala, Vienna, and Stockholm, earning a doctorate in 1890. He became professor of diseases of the eye at

Vanir: …the torture of their goddess Gullveig, the Vanir demanded from the Aesir monetary satisfaction or equal status. Declaring war instead, the Aesir suffered numerous defeats before granting equality. The Vanir sent their gods Njörd and Freyr to live with the Aesir and received Hoenir and Mimir in exchange. The birth…

gully, trench cut into land by the erosion of an accelerated stream of water. Various conditions make such erosion possible: the natural vegetation securing the soil may have been destroyed by human action, by fire, or by a climatic change; or an exceptional storm may send in torrents of water down

Alia Bhatt: Critical and commercial success: …a possessive romantic partner in Gully Boy (2019; the film was India’s official Oscar entry the next year).

soil: Erosive processes: …prevalent types of erosion are gully erosion, in which water concentrates in channels too deep to smooth over by tilling, and streambank erosion, in which the saturated sides of running streams tumble into the moving water below. The same forces at work in streambank erosion are seen in soils on…

John Gully was a prizefighter, racehorse fancier, and politician, a major personage of the 19th-century British sporting world. In 1805, having failed as a butcher, Gully was in prison for his debts when he was visited by his pugilist friend Henry Pearce, “the Game Chicken.” As the result of an

Gulmarg, town, western Jammu and Kashmir union territory, northern India. It is situated at an elevation of 8,500 feet (2,600 metres) about 25 miles (40 km) west of Srinagar. Gulmarg (meaning “meadow of flowers”) displays a breathtaking panoramic view of the whole Vale of Kashmir and of Nanga

wolverine, (Gulo gulo), member of the weasel family (Mustelidae) that lives in cold northern latitudes of North America and Eurasia, especially in timbered areas. The wolverine is noted for its strength, cunning, fearlessness, and voracity, and the species is renowned for its ability to face down

Grenada: Independence of Grenada: …election of August 1967, the Grenada United Labour Party (GULP) defeated the Grenada National Party (GNP) and took office under the premiership of Eric M. Gairy, a trade unionist. Grenada became an independent nation on February 7, 1974. The transition was marked by violence, strikes, and controversy centring upon Gairy,…

rorqual: …into the throat and make gulp-feeding practical (see cetacean: Feeding adaptations).

gulper, any of nine species of deep-sea fish constituting three families, placed by some authorities in the order Anguilliformes (eels) and by others in a distinct order, Saccopharyngiformes (or Lyomeri). Gulpers range to depths of 2,700 m (9,000 feet) or more. The members of one family,

gulper, any of nine species of deep-sea fish constituting three families, placed by some authorities in the order Anguilliformes (eels) and by others in a distinct order, Saccopharyngiformes (or Lyomeri). Gulpers range to depths of 2,700 m (9,000 feet) or more. The members of one family,

Thomas Dekker: …Robert Greene and others; and The Guls Horne-Booke (1609), a valuable account of behaviour in the London theatres.

Ethiopia: The Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties: …regions, creating a system of gults, or fiefs, in which the holders of a gult were paid tribute by the gult’s inhabitants. His heavy taxation of exports, especially of gold, ivory, and slaves that were transshipped from Ifat to Arabia, met with resistance. Amda Tseyon and his successors replied with…

Gulu, town located in northwestern Uganda, situated about 175 miles (285 km) north of Kampala at an elevation of about 3,600 feet (1,100 metres). It is the marketing centre of the main agricultural region of northern Uganda; cotton, tea, coffee, corn (maize), sorghum, and tobacco are grown in the

palm: Ecology: …(Maxburretia rupicola), serpentine soils (Gulubia hombronii), or river margins (Astrocaryum jauari, Leopoldinia pulchra) where competition is limited.

goulash, traditional stew of Hungary. The origins of goulash have been traced to the 9th century, to stews eaten by Magyar shepherds. Before setting out with their flocks, they prepared a portable stock of food by slowly cooking cut-up meats with onions and other flavourings until the liquids had

gum, in anatomy, connective tissue covered with mucous membrane, attached to and surrounding the necks of the teeth and adjacent alveolar bone. Before the erupting teeth enter the mouth cavity, gum pads develop; these are slight elevations of the overlying oral mucous membrane. When tooth eruption

gum, in botany, adhesive substance of vegetable origin, mostly obtained as exudate from the bark of trees or shrubs belonging to the pea family (Fabaceae) . Some plant gums are used in the form of water solutions in the manufacture of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. When the water

bush baby: …diet of most species is gum (tree exudate). This they extract by gouging holes in trees and scraping the bark, using their toothcombs (forward-tilted lower incisor and canine teeth). Galagos cling to and leap among the trees; the smaller forms, such as the lesser bush baby (Galago senegalensis), are extremely…

GUM, the largest department store in Russia. Situated on a traditional market site on the northeast side of Red Square in Moscow, the building originally known as the Upper Trading Arcade was designed by A.N. Pomerantsev and built in 1889–93 in a pseudo-Russian style over a hidden metal skeleton.

acacia: Major species: Gum acacia (Acacia senegal), native to the Sudan region in Africa, yields true gum arabic, a substance used in adhesives, pharmaceuticals, inks, confections, and other products. The bark of most acacias is rich in tannin, which is used in tanning and in dyes, inks, pharmaceuticals, and other…

gum arabic, dried water-soluble exudate that comes primarily from two species of acacia in sub-Saharan Africa, Acacia senegal and A. seyal, and that has numerous applications, particularly in the food industry and in areas such as ceramics, painting, photography, and printmaking. Humans have in

Sideroxylon: lanuginosa, variously known as chittamwood, shittamwood, gum elastic, and false buckthorn, is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental. It grows to about 15 metres (50 feet) tall. The leaves are 3.75–10 cm (1.5–4 inches) long, are dark lustrous green above and rusty beneath, and persist until late in the fall.…

Gum Nebula, largest known emission nebula in terms of angular diameter as seen from Earth, extending about 35° in the southern constellations Puppis and Vela. A complex of diffuse, glowing gas too faint to be seen with the unaided eye, it was discovered by the Australian-born astrophysicist Colin

Tupelo, city, seat (1867) of Lee county, northeastern Mississippi, U.S., located 62 miles (100 km) northeast of Columbus. It is the headquarters and focal point of the Natchez Trace Parkway. In 1859 the original settlement of Harrisburg was moved 2 miles (3 km) east to the Mobile and Ohio Railroad

Douglas Coupland: Nostradamus! (2003), JPod (2006), The Gum Thief (2007), and Worst. Person. Ever. (2013). In addition, Coupland penned the screenplay for Everything’s Gone Green (2006), and he cocreated and cowrote the TV series jPod (2008), which was based on his 2006 novel. Bit Rot: Stories + Essays appeared in 2016.

tragacanth, dried, mucilage-forming gum that comes primarily from the shrub Astragalus gummifer. Tragacanth is second to gum arabic in commercial importance and has an ancient history of use in traditional medicine. Known for its chemical stability and long shelf life, the gum is still used

eucalyptus, (genus Eucalyptus), large genus of more than 660 species of shrubs and tall trees of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), native to Australia, includingTasmania, and nearby islands. In Australia the eucalypti are commonly known as gum trees or stringybark trees. Many species are cultivated

turpentine: …bits of pine wood, while gum turpentine results from the distillation of the exudate of the living pine tree obtained by tapping. Crude turpentine obtained from the living pine by tapping typically contains 65 percent gum rosin and 18 percent gum turpentine.

chewing gum, sweetened product made from chicle and similar resilient substances and chewed for its flavour. Peoples of the Mediterranean have since antiquity chewed the sweet resin of the mastic tree (so named after the custom) as a tooth cleanser and breath freshener. New England colonists

Gum Nebula: …discovered by the Australian-born astrophysicist Colin S. Gum, who published his findings in 1955. The Gum Nebula lies roughly 1,000 light-years from Earth and is about 1,000 light-years in diameter. It may be the remnant of an ancient supernova—i.e., violently exploding star.

Alex La Guma was a black novelist of South Africa in the 1960s whose characteristically brief works (e.g., A Walk in the Night [1962], The Stone-Country [1965], and In the Fog of the Season’s End [1972]) gain power through his superb eye for detail, allowing the humour, pathos, or horror of a

Gumal Pass, route along the Gumal River valley in the extreme southwestern portion of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The most important pass between the Khyber and Bolān passes, it connects Ghaznī in eastern Afghanistan with Tank and Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan via Domandi and Kot Murtaza.

Gumal River, river that rises in eastern Afghanistan near Sarwāndī on the Khumbur Khūlē Range and enters western Pakistan near Domandi, being joined there by the Kundar River. Further joined by the Wāna Toi and Zhob rivers, it falls into the Indus River just south of Dera Ismāīl Khān after a course

African Americans: Television and film: …60 Minutes in 1981, and Bryant Gumbel, who became cohost of The Today Show in 1982. A former anchor on a local news desk, Oprah Winfrey started a popular daytime talk show in the 1980s that became a cultural phenomenon. She established her own television and film production companies, and…

World War I: The war in the east, 1914: …forces had been repulsed at Gumbinnen (August 19–20) by Rennenkampf’s attack from the east, that Samsonov’s 13 divisions had crossed the southern frontier of East Prussia and were thus threatening his rear. He initially considered a general retreat, but when his staff objected to this, he approved their counterproposal of…

gumbo, an aromatic soup-stew characteristic of the Creole cuisine of Louisiana, combining African, American Indian, and European elements. It takes its name from a Bantu word for okra, one of the dish’s typical ingredients, which is prized for its ability to give body to a sauce. A gumbo begins

gumbo: …oysters, but ingredients vary widely; gumbo z’herbes is a meatless version containing a dozen leafy green vegetables that is traditionally eaten on Good Friday. Gumbos not containing okra are thickened with filé powder, pounded dried sassafras leaves added at the last minute before serving. All gumbos are eaten with a…

tree: Tree bark: …smooth, copper-coloured covering of the gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba) to the thick, soft, spongy bark of the punk, or cajeput, tree (Melaleuca leucadendron). Other types of bark include the commercial cork of the cork oak (Quercus suber) and the rugged, fissured outer coat of many other oaks; the flaking, patchy-coloured barks…

mollusk: Size range and diversity of structure: …60 centimetres; among placophores the gumshoe, or gumboot chiton (Cryptochiton), achieves a length up to 30 to 43 centimetres; and, among solenogasters, Epimenia reaches a length of 15 to 30 centimetres. Finally, gastropods of the family Entoconchidae, which are parasitic in echinoderm sea cucumbers, may reach a size of almost…

jelly: …chewy consistency of the popular gumdrop and jelly bean candies is imparted by various grain starches. Jellies made from the seaweed extract agar, valued for their clarity and body, are used to coat various candy centres or to make colourful simulated fruit slices.

South Africa: The Pact years (1924–33): …ANC occurred most prominently with Josiah Gumede (president 1927–30), whose political views moved leftward in the late 1920s. This led to a split in the ANC in 1930 as the more moderate members expelled the more radical ones.

Gumel, town and traditional emirate, northern Jigawa state, northern Nigeria. The emirate was founded about 1750 by Dan Juma of Kano city (75 miles [121 km] southwest) and his followers of the Manga (Mangawa) tribe. Shortly after his death in 1754, it became a tributary state of the Bornu kingdom.

Slavic religion: Slavic worldview: …ovinnik in the drying-house, the gumenik in the storehouse, and so on. The belief that either harmful or beneficial spirits dwell in the posts and beams of houses is still alive in the historic regions of Bosnia and Slovenia and the Poznań area of west central Poland. Old trees with…

Gumi, city, North Gyeongsang do (province), south-central South Korea. It lies near the junction of the Gumi and Nakdong rivers. After the Korean War (1950–53) Gumi began to be developed as an industrial center. During the administration of Pres. Park Chung-Hee (1963–79), who was born in Gumi, the