• genital protrusion (human anatomy)

    animal development: Reproductive organs: …from an outgrowth called the genital tubercle, located at the anterior edge of the urinogenital orifice. The tubercle is laid down in a similar way in embryos of both sexes, and the region of the urinogenital orifice remains in an indifferent state even longer than do the genital ducts. In…

  • genital ridge (human anatomy)

    human sexual activity: Development and change in the reproductive system: …ducts); externally there is a genital protrusion with a groove (urethral groove) below it, the groove being flanked by two folds (urethral folds). On either side of the genital protrusion and groove are two ridgelike swellings (labioscrotal swellings). Around the fourth week of life the gonads differentiate into either testes…

  • genital stage (psychology)

    Sigmund Freud: Sexuality and development: …mature sexuality he called the genital phase. Here the parent of the opposite sex is conclusively abandoned in favour of a more suitable love object able to reciprocate reproductively useful passion. In the case of the girl, disappointment over the nonexistence of a penis is transcended by the rejection of…

  • genital tubercle (human anatomy)

    animal development: Reproductive organs: …from an outgrowth called the genital tubercle, located at the anterior edge of the urinogenital orifice. The tubercle is laid down in a similar way in embryos of both sexes, and the region of the urinogenital orifice remains in an indifferent state even longer than do the genital ducts. In…

  • genital wart (pathology)

    wart: Genital warts, or condylomata acuminata, are wartlike growths in the pubic area that are accompanied by itching and discharge.

  • genitive case (grammar)

    Indigenous North American languages: Grammar: In nouns, possession is widely expressed by prefixes or suffixes indicating the person of the possessor. Thus, Karuk has nani-ávaha ‘my food,’ mu-ávaha ‘his food,’ and so on. (compare ávaha ‘food’). When the possessor is a noun, as in ‘man’s food,’ a construction like ávansa mu-ávaha ‘man…

  • genitofemoral nerve (anatomy)

    human nervous system: Lumbar plexus: …lumbar plexus include the iliohypogastric, genitofemoral, and ilioinguinal (projecting to the lower abdomen and to inguinal and genital regions) and the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (to skin on the lateral thigh). Two major branches of the lumbar plexus are the obturator and femoral nerves. The obturator enters the thigh through…

  • genitor (kinship)

    parent: …developed separate kinship terms: a “genitor” is a biological father, and a “pater” is a social one.

  • genitourinary system (anatomy)

    urogenital system, in vertebrates, the organs concerned with reproduction and urinary excretion. Although their functions are unrelated, the structures involved in excretion and reproduction are morphologically associated and often use common ducts. The major structures of the urinary system in

  • Genius (film by Grandage [2016])

    Michael Grandage: …helmed his first feature film, Genius, which centres on editor Max Perkins, who worked with such writers as Ernest Hemingway. Grandage then returned to the theatre, and his Broadway adaptation of Frozen, a popular Disney film, premiered in 2018; it transferred to the West End in 2022.

  • genius (psychology)

    genius, in psychology, a person of extraordinary intellectual power. Definitions of genius in terms of intelligence quotient (IQ) are based on research originating in the early 1900s. In 1916 the American psychologist Lewis M. Terman set the IQ for “potential genius” at 140 and above, a level

  • genius (Roman religion)

    genius, in classical Roman times, an attendant spirit of a person or place. In its earliest meaning in private cult, the genius of the Roman housefather and the iuno, or juno, of the housemother were worshiped. These certainly were not the souls of the married pair, as is clear both from their

  • Genius (American television series)

    Antonio Banderas: Later films: The Legend of Zorro and Pain and Glory: …(2018) of the TV series Genius. He then appeared in the multigenerational drama Life Itself (2018) and in The Laundromat (2019), Soderbergh’s farce about the Panama Papers scandal.

  • genius Augusti (Roman religion)

    ancient Rome: Emperor worship: …official cult was to the genius Augusti (the life spirit of his family); it was coupled in Rome with the Lares Compitales (the spirits of his ancestors). Its principal custodians (seviri Augustales) were normally freedmen. Both the Senate and the emperor had central control over the institution. The Senate could…

  • Genius Loves Company (album by Charles)

    Norah Jones: …on his final studio album, Genius Loves Company (2004). The release ...Featuring Norah Jones (2010) was a collection of that and other such collaborations. She and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day recorded a duet album, Foreverly (2013), covering songs from a 1958 Everly Brothers release.

  • Genius of Christianity, The (work by Chateaubriand)

    The Genius of Christianity, five-volume treatise by François-Auguste-René Chateaubriand, published in French as Le Génie du christianisme, ou beautés de la religion chrétienne in 1802. It included the novels Atala (1801) and René (1805, with a revised edition of Atala). Written shortly after the

  • Genius of Universal Emancipation (American newspaper)

    Benjamin Lundy: …he founded a newspaper, the Genius of Universal Emancipation, which he edited at irregular intervals in various places until 1835, when he began publication of another newspaper, The National Enquirer (later the Pennsylvania Freeman), in Philadelphia. Much of his time was spent traveling in search of suitable places where freed…

  • Genius of Wisconsin (work by Mears)

    Helen Farnsworth Mears: …woman and winged eagle, titled Genius of Wisconsin, for the Wisconsin Building at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. While executing the work at The Art Institute of Chicago, she received some encouragement from the sculptor Lorado Taft. The success of the piece, which was later installed in the Wisconsin…

  • Genius, the (American musician)

    Ray Charles was an American pianist, singer, composer, and bandleader, a leading entertainer billed as “the Genius.” Charles was credited with the early development of soul music, a style based on a melding of gospel, rhythm and blues, and jazz music. When Charles was an infant his family moved to

  •  ‘Genius,’ The (novel by Dreiser)

    Theodore Dreiser: Life: In his next major novel, The ‘Genius’ (1915), he transformed his own life and numerous love affairs into a sprawling semiautobiographical chronicle that was censured by the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. There ensued 10 years of sustained literary activity during which Dreiser produced a short-story collection,…

  • geniza (Judaism)

    genizah, in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only

  • genizah (Judaism)

    genizah, in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only

  • Genizah Documents (Egyptian history)

    Egypt: Contributions to Arabic culture: …of letters and documents—called the Genizah Documents—dating from the 11th through the 13th century. Though often written in Hebrew characters, the actual language of most of these documents is Arabic, which proves that Arabic was widely used even by non-Muslims. The main incentive for learning Arabic must have come from…

  • genizahs (Judaism)

    genizah, in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only

  • genizot (Judaism)

    genizah, in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only

  • genizoth (Judaism)

    genizah, in Judaism, a repository for timeworn sacred manuscripts and ritual objects, generally located in the attic or cellar of a synagogue. In the Middle Ages most synagogues had a genizah, because ceremonial burial (often with the remains of a pious scholarly Jew) was thought to be the only

  • Genje carpet

    Genje carpet, floor covering handwoven in Azerbaijan in or near the city of Gäncä (also spelled Gendje or Gänjä; in the Soviet era it was named Kirovabad, and under Imperial Russia, Yelizavetpol). The carpets are characterized by simple, angular designs and saturated (intense) colours. Genje

  • Genji family (Japanese family)

    Fujiwara Family: Last years.: …the contender supported by the Minamoto, a warrior family allied with the Fujiwara, lost to the emperor Shirakawa, supported by the warrior family of the Taira. In the Heiji Disturbance of 1159, the Minamoto–Fujiwara forces, who attempted to wrest back control of the court from the Taira, were ignominiously defeated.…

  • Genji monogatari (work by Murasaki)

    The Tale of Genji, masterpiece of Japanese literature by Murasaki Shikibu. Written at the start of the 11th century, it is generally considered the world’s first novel. Murasaki Shikibu composed The Tale of Genji while a lady in attendance at the Japanese court, likely completing it about 1010.

  • Genji, The Tale of (work by Murasaki)

    The Tale of Genji, masterpiece of Japanese literature by Murasaki Shikibu. Written at the start of the 11th century, it is generally considered the world’s first novel. Murasaki Shikibu composed The Tale of Genji while a lady in attendance at the Japanese court, likely completing it about 1010.

  • Genkō shakusho (work by Kokan Shiren)

    Japan: Kamakura culture: the new Buddhism and its influence: …found expression in Kokan Shiren’s Genkō shakusho (1332), a 30-volume history of Buddhism in Japan.

  • Genkū (Buddhist priest)

    Hōnen was a Buddhist priest and the founder of the Pure Land (Jōdo) Buddhist sect of Japan. He was seminal in establishing Pure Land pietism as one of the central forms of Buddhism in Japan. Introduced as a student monk to Pure Land doctrines brought from China by Tendai priests, he stressed

  • Genlis, Madame de (French author)

    children’s literature: History: His disciple, Mme de Genlis, set a stern face against make-believe of any sort; all marvels must be explained rationally. Her stories taught children more than they wanted to know, a circumstance that endeared her to a certain type of parent. Sainte-Beuve, to be fair, called her…

  • Genlisea (botany)

    carnivorous plant: Trap types and digestion: Lobster-pot traps, found predominantly in corkscrew plants (genus Genlisea), employ downward-pointing hairs to force prey deeper into the trap.

  • Gennadios II Scholarios (patriarch of Constantinople)

    Gennadios II Scholarios was the first patriarch of Constantinople (1454–64) under Turkish rule and the foremost Greek Orthodox Aristotelian theologian and polemicist of his time. Scholarios became expert in European philosophy and theology and was called “the Latinist” derisively by his colleagues.

  • Gennadius I of Constantinople, Saint (Byzantine theologian)

    Saint Gennadius I of Constantinople ; feast day August 25) was a Byzantine theologian, biblical exegete, and patriarch. He was a champion of Christian Orthodoxy who strove for an ecumenical (Greek: “universal”) statement of doctrine on the person and work of Christ to reconcile the opposing

  • Gennadius II Scholarius (patriarch of Constantinople)

    Gennadios II Scholarios was the first patriarch of Constantinople (1454–64) under Turkish rule and the foremost Greek Orthodox Aristotelian theologian and polemicist of his time. Scholarios became expert in European philosophy and theology and was called “the Latinist” derisively by his colleagues.

  • Gennadius Of Marseilles (French theologian)

    Gennadius Of Marseilles was a theologian-priest whose work De viris illustribus (“On Famous Men”) constitutes the sole source for biographical and bibliographical information on numerous early Eastern and Western Christian authors. Having read widely in Greek and Latin, Gennadius, between 467 and

  • Gennadius Of Novgorod (Russian Orthodox archbishop)

    Gennadius Of Novgorod was a Russian Orthodox archbishop of Novgorod, Russia, whose leadership in suppressing Judaizing Christian sects occasioned his editing the first Russian translation of the Bible. Named archbishop in 1485 by the grand prince of Moscow Ivan III (1462–1505), Gennadius initiated

  • Gennaro, San (Italian bishop)

    Saint Januarius ; feast day September 19) was the bishop of Benevento and patron saint of Naples. He is believed to have been martyred during the persecution under the Roman emperor Diocletian. His fame rests on the relic, allegedly his blood, which is kept in a glass vial in the Naples Cathedral.

  • Gennep, Arnold van (French anthropologist)

    Arnold van Gennep was a French ethnographer and folklorist, best known for his studies of the rites of passage of various cultures. Although Gennep was born in Germany and had a Dutch father, he lived most of his life and received his education in France, his mother’s native country. Gennep learned

  • Gennep, Charles-Arnold Kurr van (French anthropologist)

    Arnold van Gennep was a French ethnographer and folklorist, best known for his studies of the rites of passage of various cultures. Although Gennep was born in Germany and had a Dutch father, he lived most of his life and received his education in France, his mother’s native country. Gennep learned

  • Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de (French physicist)

    Pierre-Gilles de Gennes was a French physicist, who was awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discoveries about the ordering of molecules in liquid crystals and polymers. The son of a physician, Gennes studied at the École Normale Supérieure. He was employed as an engineer at the French

  • Gennesaret, Lake of (lake, Israel)

    Sea of Galilee, lake in Israel through which the Jordan River flows. It is famous for its biblical associations; its Old Testament name was Sea of Chinnereth, and later it was called the Lake of Gennesaret. From 1948 to 1967 it was bordered immediately to the northeast by the cease-fire line with

  • Gennesaret, Plain of (plain, Israel)

    Sea of Galilee: Physical features: The Plain of Gennesaret extends in a circular arc from the north to the northwest, and the Plain of Bet Ẓayda (Buteiha) in Syria extends to the northeast. To the west and southwest, the hills of Lower Galilee fall abruptly to the lake’s edge. In the…

  • Gennevilliers (town, France)

    Gennevilliers, town, a northwestern industrial suburb of Paris, in Hauts-de-Seine département, Île-de-France région, north-central France. Although of declining importance, manufacturing still takes place in Gennevilliers, including the production of components for the automobile and aeronautical

  • Genoa (Nevada, United States)

    Genoa, unincorporated town, Douglas county, western Nevada, U.S., west of the Carson River and east of Lake Tahoe, 12 miles (19 km) south-southwest of Carson City. Genoa is the oldest permanent settlement in Nevada. It was founded in 1851 as a trading post and provisioning station to serve passing

  • Genoa (Italy)

    Genoa, city and Mediterranean seaport in northwestern Italy. It is the capital of Genova provincia and of Liguria regione and is the centre of the Italian Riviera. Its total area is 93 square miles (240 square km). Located about 75 miles (120 km) south of Milan on the Gulf of Genoa, the city

  • Genoa, Conference of (European history)

    Conference of Genoa, (April 10–May 19, 1922), post-World War I meeting at Genoa, Italy, to discuss the economic reconstruction of central and eastern Europe and to explore ways to improve relations between Soviet Russia and European capitalist regimes. Attended by representatives of 30 European

  • Genoa, Gulf of (gulf, Italy)

    Gulf of Genoa, northern portion of the Ligurian Sea (an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea), extending eastward around the northwest coast of Italy for 90 miles (145 km), from Imperia to La Spezia. It receives the Magra, Roia, Centa, and Taggia rivers and includes the small gulfs of Spezia and Rapallo.

  • Genoa, Lanterna of (lighthouse, Genoa, Italy)

    lighthouse: Medieval lighthouses: …of this period was the Lanterna of Genoa in Italy, probably established about 1139. It was rebuilt completely in 1544 as the impressive tower that remains a conspicuous seamark today. The keeper of the light in 1449 was Antonio Columbo, uncle of the Columbus who crossed the Atlantic. Another early…

  • genocide

    genocide, the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race. The term, derived from the Greek genos (“race,” “tribe,” or “nation”) and the Latin cide (“killing”), was coined by Raphael Lemkin, a Polish-born jurist who served as

  • Genoese lace

    Genoese lace, bobbin lace made at Genoa, Italy, from the second half of the 16th century; it developed from the earlier knotted fringe called punto a groppo. The early laces (merletti a piombini, “laces made with lead weights”) were used for the edging of ruffs and later of collars. Styles followed

  • Genoese-Venetian wars (Italian history)

    Italy: Venice in the 14th century: …second (1294–99) and third (1351–55) Genoese-Venetian wars, the Genoese, the Venetians’ principal economic rivals, gained numerous victories against the republic, and in the fourth war (1378–81) they temporarily seized Chioggia and Malamocco, on the lagoon at the heart of Venice’s power. Yet in the end, with the superiority of its…

  • Genographic Project (genetic anthropological study)

    Genographic Project, a nonprofit collaborative genetic anthropological study begun in 2005 that was intended to shed light on the history of human migration through the analysis of DNA samples contributed by people worldwide. The project, which aimed to analyze more than 100,000 DNA samples

  • genome (genetics)

    1000 Genomes Project: …researchers aimed to sequence the genomes of a large number of people from different ethnic groups worldwide with the intent of creating a catalog of genetic variations occurring with a frequency of at least 1 percent across all human populations. A major goal of the project was to identify more…

  • genome editing (genetics)

    gene editing, the ability to make highly specific changes in the DNA sequence of a living organism, essentially customizing its genetic makeup. Gene editing is performed using enzymes, particularly nucleases that have been engineered to target a specific DNA sequence, where they introduce cuts into

  • genome shotgun sequencing (genetics)

    J. Craig Venter: TIGR and Celera Genomics: …relied on whole genome “shotgun” sequencing, a rapid sequencing technique that Venter had developed while at TIGR. The shotgun technique is used to decode small sections of DNA (about 2,000–10,000 base pairs [bp] in length) of an organism’s genome. These sections are later assembled into a full-length genomic sequence.…

  • genome-wide association study

    genome-wide association study (GWAS), systematic approach to rapidly scanning the human genome for genetic variations, with the aim of identifying associations between variants and particular diseases. Genome-wide association studies often concentrate on variations known as single nucleotide

  • genomic DNA library (genetics)

    genetics: Molecular techniques: …DNA molecules is called a genomic library. Such libraries are the starting point for sequencing entire genomes such as the human genome. Today genomes can be scanned for small molecular variants called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs (“snips”), which act as chromosomal tags to associated specific regions of DNA that…

  • genomic imprinting (genetics)

    genomic imprinting, process wherein a gene is differentially expressed depending on whether it has been inherited from the mother or from the father. Such “parent-of-origin” effects are known to occur only in sexually reproducing placental mammals. Imprinting is one of a number of patterns of

  • genomic library (genetics)

    genetics: Molecular techniques: …DNA molecules is called a genomic library. Such libraries are the starting point for sequencing entire genomes such as the human genome. Today genomes can be scanned for small molecular variants called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs (“snips”), which act as chromosomal tags to associated specific regions of DNA that…

  • Genomic Research, Institute for (research institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States)

    Rockville: …Resources and Services Administration, the Institute for Genomic Research, and the Rockville campus of Montgomery College (1946). Novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald and his wife, Zelda, are buried in St. Mary’s Cemetery. Inc. city, 1860. Pop. (2000) 47,388; Bethesda-Rockville-Frederick Metro Division, 1,068,618; (2010) 61,209; Bethesda-Rockville-Frederick Metro Division, 1,205,162.

  • genomics (biology)

    genomics, one of several omic branches of biological study, concentrates on the structure, function, and inheritance of an organism’s genome (its entire set of genetic material) . heredityprotein A major part of genomics is determining the sequence of molecules that make up the genomic

  • Genomosperma kidstonii (plant)

    gymnosperm: Evolution and paleobotany: The ovules of Genomosperma kidstonii, for example, consisted of an elongated megasporangium with one functional megaspore and featured eight elongated fingerlike processes that loosely surrounded the megasporangium. In a related species, G. latens, those eight fingerlike processes were fused at the base into a cup and covered the…

  • genotype (biology)

    genotype, the genetic constitution of an organism. The genotype determines the hereditary potentials and limitations of an individual from embryonic formation through adulthood. Among organisms that reproduce sexually, an individual’s genotype comprises the entire complex of genes inherited from

  • genotyping (genetics)

    DNA fingerprinting, in genetics, method of isolating and identifying variable elements within the base-pair sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The technique was developed in 1984 by British geneticist Alec Jeffreys, after he noticed that certain sequences of highly variable DNA (known as

  • Genou de Claire, Le (film by Rohmer [1970])

    Éric Rohmer: …Le Genou de Claire (1970; Claire’s Knee), was named best film at the San Sebastián International Film Festival and received two awards as the year’s best French film—the Prix Louis-Delluc and the Prix Méliès. Rohmer completed the series in 1972 with the release of L’Amour l’après-midi (Chloe in the Afternoon),…

  • Genouilly, Charles Rigault de (French admiral)

    Charles Rigault de Genouilly was an admiral who initiated the French invasion of Vietnam in 1858 and the subsequent conquest of Cochinchina, now southern Vietnam. Rigault de Genouilly entered the navy in 1827 and attained the rank of ensign three years later. In 1841 he was promoted to captain and

  • Genova (Italy)

    Genoa, city and Mediterranean seaport in northwestern Italy. It is the capital of Genova provincia and of Liguria regione and is the centre of the Italian Riviera. Its total area is 93 square miles (240 square km). Located about 75 miles (120 km) south of Milan on the Gulf of Genoa, the city

  • Genova, Golfo di (gulf, Italy)

    Gulf of Genoa, northern portion of the Ligurian Sea (an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea), extending eastward around the northwest coast of Italy for 90 miles (145 km), from Imperia to La Spezia. It receives the Magra, Roia, Centa, and Taggia rivers and includes the small gulfs of Spezia and Rapallo.

  • Genova–San Giorgio Bridge (bridge, Genoa, Italy)

    Renzo Piano: Piano also rapidly constructed the Genova–San Giorgio Bridge (2020) in his hometown to replace the Morandi Bridge, which had collapsed in 2018 and killed 43 people.

  • Genovefa, Sankt (French saint)

    St. Geneviève ; feast day January 3) was the patron saint of Paris, who allegedly saved that city from the Huns. When she was seven, Geneviève was induced by Bishop St. Germain of Auxerre to dedicate herself to the religious life. On the death of her parents she moved to Paris, where she was noted

  • Genovese crime family

    Genovese crime family, New York-based organized crime syndicate. The Genovese crime family is considered one of New York City’s Five Families, along with the Gambino, Bonanno, Lucchese, and Colombo organizations. Most cities were controlled by a single criminal organization, but New York City had

  • Genovese, Eugene D. (American historian)

    Eugene D. Genovese was an American historian. He earned a doctorate at Columbia University and taught at Rutgers, Columbia, Cambridge, and elsewhere. He is known for his writings on the American Civil War and slavery, especially Roll, Jordan, Roll (1974) and The Slaveholders’ Dilemma (1992). He

  • Genovese, Eugene Dominick (American historian)

    Eugene D. Genovese was an American historian. He earned a doctorate at Columbia University and taught at Rutgers, Columbia, Cambridge, and elsewhere. He is known for his writings on the American Civil War and slavery, especially Roll, Jordan, Roll (1974) and The Slaveholders’ Dilemma (1992). He

  • Genovese, Kitty (American murder victim)

    bystander effect: Bystander intervention: …brutal murder of American woman Kitty Genovese in 1964. Genovese, returning home late from work, was viciously attacked and sexually assaulted by a man with a knife while walking home to her apartment complex from a nearby parking lot. As reported in the The New York Times two weeks later,…

  • Genovese, Vito (American gangster)

    Vito Genovese was one of the most powerful of American crime syndicate and Mafia bosses from the 1930s to the 1950s and a major influence even from prison, 1959–69. Genovese immigrated from a Neapolitan village to New York City in 1913, joined local gangs, and in the 1920s and ’30s was Lucky

  • Genovesi, Antonio (Italian philosopher and economist)

    Antonio Genovesi was an Italian philosopher and economist whose proposals for reforms in the Kingdom of Naples combined humanist ideas with a radical Christian metaphysical system. Ordained a priest in 1737, Genovesi went to Naples in 1738 and in 1741 was appointed to teach metaphysics in the

  • Genpachi (Japanese artist)

    Okumura Masanobu was a painter and publisher of illustrated books who introduced innovations in woodblock printing and print-design technique in Japan. Masanobu taught himself painting and print designs by studying the works of Torii Kiyonobu (died 1729), thus starting his career as Torii’s

  • genre (art)

    organic unity: …opposed to the concept of literary genres—standard and conventionalized forms that art must be fitted into. It assumes that art grows from a germ and seeks its own form and that the artist should not interfere with its natural growth by adding ornament, wit, love interest, or some other conventionally…

  • genre (literature)

    genre, a distinctive type or category of literary composition, such as the epic, tragedy, comedy, novel, and short story. Despite critics’ attempts to systematize the art of literature, such categories must retain a degree of flexibility, for they can break down on closer scrutiny. For example,

  • genre painting (visual arts)

    genre painting, painting of scenes from everyday life, of ordinary people in work or recreation, depicted in a generally realistic manner. Genre art contrasts with that of landscape, portraiture, still life, religious themes, historic events, or any kind of traditionally idealized subject matter.

  • genrō (Japanese oligarchy)

    genro, (“principal elders”), extraconstitutional oligarchy that dominated the Japanese government from the promulgation of the Meiji Constitution (1889) to the early 1930s. The genro were men who had played a leading role in the 1868 Meiji Restoration (the overthrow of feudal rule) and in the

  • genro (Japanese oligarchy)

    genro, (“principal elders”), extraconstitutional oligarchy that dominated the Japanese government from the promulgation of the Meiji Constitution (1889) to the early 1930s. The genro were men who had played a leading role in the 1868 Meiji Restoration (the overthrow of feudal rule) and in the

  • Genroku period (Japanese history)

    Genroku period, in Japanese history, era from 1688 to 1704, characterized by a rapidly expanding commercial economy and the development of a vibrant urban culture centred in the cities of Kyōto, Ōsaka, and Edo (Tokyo). The growth of the cities was a natural outcome of a century of peaceful Tokugawa

  • gens de couleur libres (people)

    Creole, originally, any person of European (mostly French or Spanish) or African descent born in the West Indies or parts of French or Spanish America (and thus naturalized in those regions rather than in the parents’ home country). The term has since been used with various meanings, often

  • Genscher, Hans-Dietrich (German foreign minister)

    Hans-Dietrich Genscher was a German politician and statesman who was chairman (1974–85) of the West German Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei; FDP) and foreign minister (1974–92) in both Social Democratic Party and Christian Democratic Union–Christian Social Union (CDU-CSU)

  • Genseric (king of Vandals)

    Gaiseric was the king of the Vandals and the Alani (428–477) who conquered a large part of Roman Africa and in 455 sacked Rome. Gaiseric succeeded his brother Gunderic at a time when the Vandals were settled in Baetica (modern Andalusia, Spain). In May 428 Gaiseric transported all his people,

  • Genshin (Buddhist monk)

    Japanese art: Amidism: In 985 the Tendai monk Genshin produced the 10-part treatise Ōjō Yōshū (“Essentials of Salvation”), a major synthesis of Buddhist theory on the issues of suffering and reward and a pragmatic guide for believers who sought rebirth in the Western Paradise. Genshin described in compelling detail the cosmology of the…

  • Gensoul, Marcel-Bruno (French admiral)

    Battle of France: The attack on Mers el-Kebir: Marcel-Bruno Gensoul.

  • Gent (Belgium)

    Ghent, city, Flanders Region, northwestern Belgium. Ghent lies at the junction of the canalized Lys (Leie) and Scheldt (Schelde) rivers and is the centre of an urban complex that includes Ledeberg, Gentbrugge, and Sint-Amandsberg. One of Belgium’s oldest cities and the historic capital of Flanders,

  • Gent University (university, Ghent, Belgium)

    Ghent University, state-financed coeducational institution of higher learning with limited autonomy in Ghent, Belg. Founded in 1817 under King William I of the Netherlands, the university at first conducted its instruction in Latin; in 1830 the language was changed to French; in 1916, during the

  • Gent, Joos van (Netherlandish painter)

    Justus of Ghent was a Netherlandish painter who has been identified with Joos van Wassenhove, a master of the painters’ guild at Antwerp in 1460 and at Ghent in 1464. In Justus’s earliest known painting, the Crucifixion triptych (c. 1465), the attenuated, angular figures and the barren landscape

  • gentamicin (drug)

    plague: Nature of the disease: with streptomycin or, if unavailable, gentamicin. Modern therapy has reduced the global fatality rate of plague from its historical level of 50–90 percent to less than 15 percent. The fatality rate is even lower in cases of bubonic plague and in areas where modern health care is available.

  • Gente d’Aspromonte (work by Alvaro)

    Corrado Alvaro: Gente d’Aspromonte (1930; Revolt in Aspromonte), sometimes considered his best work, examines the exploitation of rural peasants by greedy landowners in Calabria. Inspired by a trip to the Soviet Union in 1934, L’uomo è forte (1938; Man Is Strong) is a defense of the individual against the oppression…

  • genteel comedy (literary subgenre)

    genteel comedy, early 18th-century subgenre of the comedy of manners that reflected the behaviour of the British upper class. Contrasted with Restoration comedy, genteel comedy was somewhat artificial and sentimental. Colley Cibber’s play The Careless Husband (1704) is an example of the

  • Genthe, Arnold (American photographer)

    Lee Miller: Education and modeling career: …by the notable fashion photographers Arnold Genthe, Nickolas Muray, and Edward Steichen. Unfortunately, a photograph taken by Steichen was placed in a Kotex feminine products ad (1928–29), which was somewhat scandalous and embarrassing for her. Soon after the ad ran, Miller left New York City for Paris.

  • gentian (plant)

    gentian, (genus Gentiana), any of about 400 species of annual or perennial (rarely biennial) flowering plants of the family Gentianaceae distributed worldwide in temperate and alpine regions, especially in Europe and Asia, North and South America, and New Zealand. They are especially a notable

  • gentian family (plant family)

    Gentianaceae, the gentian family (order Gentianales) of flowering plants containing 102 genera and around 1,750 species of annual and perennial herbs and, rarely, shrubs. Members of the family are native primarily to northern temperate areas of the world, though many are also found in tropical and