the Police: Mondatta (1980) and the synthesizer-rich Ghost in the Machine (1981) saw a marked evolution from the stripped-down arrangements of their early work to a more layered but still tightly focused sound. The group reached its commercial and critical peak with the multiplatinum album Synchronicity (1983). On all their work, Summers’s…

Scarlett Johansson: Johansson’s 2017 credits included Ghost in the Shell, in which she portrayed a cyborg woman who battles criminals, and Rough Night, a comedy about a bachelorette party. Two years later she played a mother harbouring a Jewish girl in the Nazi satire Jojo Rabbit and a woman undergoing a…

Wilco: …completing its fifth studio album, A Ghost Is Born (2004; Grammy Award winner for best alternative music album), the band was immersed in more turmoil. Tweedy checked himself into a rehab clinic for a longtime addiction to painkillers. The volatile lineup was shuffled again, with keyboardist Leroy Bach departing and…

swift, (family Hepialidae), any of approximately 500 species of insects in the order Lepidoptera that are some of the largest moths, with wingspans of more than 22.5 cm (9 inches). Most European and North American species are brown or gray with silver spots on the wings, whereas the African, New

Son of Frankenstein: …he reprised the role in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942). Karloff, on the other hand, is less striking in Son of Frankenstein than in the film’s two predecessors, in part because—due to the explosion at the end of Bride of Frankenstein—the monster is once again mute, having lost the ability…

Harry Mark Petrakis: …Kings (1966) and its sequel, Ghost of the Sun (1990); The Hour of the Bell (1976) and its sequel, The Shepherds of Shadows (2008); Nick the Greek (1979); Days of Vengeance (1983); and The Orchards of Ithaca (2004). He also published collections of short stories. His nonfiction works included a…

Bruce Springsteen: On his own: …both by his 1995 album, The Ghost of Tom Joad, which concerns itself with America’s economically and spiritually destitute, and by his 1994 hit single (his first in eight years), the AIDS-related “Streets of Philadelphia,” from the film Philadelphia, for which he won both an Academy Award and a Grammy…

ghost pepper, (Capsicum chinense), small-fruited pepper in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), one of the hottest chili peppers in the world. The ghost pepper is a cultivar of Capsicum chinense, as are spicy Scotch bonnet and habanero peppers. The ghost pepper has an average of about 1 million

Indian pipe, (Monotropa uniflora), nonphotosynthetic perennial herb of the heath family (Ericaceae). The plant is mycoheterotrophic, meaning it lives in close association with a fungus from which it acquires most of its nutrition. The fungus, in turn, lives in association with neighbouring beeches

ghost pipefish, (genus Solenostomus), any of a group of small, rare marine fishes characterized by long snouts and enlarged fins that belong to the family Solenostomidae (order Gasterosteiformes). Ghost pipefishes inhabit the Indian and western Pacific oceans and reach lengths of 7.5 to 17 cm

Indian pipe, (Monotropa uniflora), nonphotosynthetic perennial herb of the heath family (Ericaceae). The plant is mycoheterotrophic, meaning it lives in close association with a fungus from which it acquires most of its nutrition. The fungus, in turn, lives in association with neighbouring beeches

Nicolas Cage: …superhero, and the action thriller Ghost Rider (2007) and its sequel, Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011), in which he appeared as a demonically possessed motorcyclist. His atypically subdued work in Joe (2013), in which he played a former criminal who takes a protective interest in one of his young…

Ghost Rider, American comic strip superhero whose best-known incarnation was created for Marvel Comics by writer Gary Friedrich and artist Mike Ploog. The character first appeared in Marvel Spotlight no. 5 (August 1972). The original Ghost Rider was a western antihero created by writer Ray Krank

Regeneration Trilogy: …final book of the trilogy, The Ghost Road (1995)—a winner of the Booker Prize—further explores the relationship between Rivers and Prior. Chapters from Prior’s point of view are intercut with chapters about Rivers. Rivers sees parallels between the culture of the Solomon Islanders that he studied as an anthropologist and…

chimaera, (subclass Holocephali), any of numerous cartilaginous fishes related to sharks and rays in the class Chondrichthyes but separated from them as the subclass (or sometimes class) Holocephali. Like sharks and rays, chimaeras have cartilaginous skeletons, and the males possess external

perciform: Interspecific relationships: …upon holes dug by the ghost shrimp (Callianassa) for a home and is unable to live without its help. Other gobies are known to share holes with burrowing worms, pea crabs, and snapping shrimps.

The Ghost Sonata, one-act drama in three scenes by August Strindberg, written and published as Spöksonaten in 1907 and performed the following year. The drama is considered the best of Strindberg’s four chamber plays, written during his years as director of Stockholm’s Intima Theatre, and it is one

Coldplay: Later releases included the subdued Ghost Stories (2014), which yielded the hit singles “Magic” and “A Sky Full of Stars”; the upbeat A Head Full of Dreams (2015); and the EP Kaleidoscope (2017). To mark the release of Everyday Life (2019), Coldplay performed two livestreamed concerts, one at sunrise and…

ghost story, a tale about ghosts. More generally, the phrase may refer to a tale based on imagination rather than fact. Ghost stories exist in all kinds of literature, from folktales to religious works to modern horror stories, and in most cultures. They can be used as isolated episodes or

Two-Tone Movement: …number one hit with “Ghost Town” (1981), which evocatively addressed racial tension and whose timely release coincided with riots in Liverpool and London.

Ricky Gervais: With Ghost Town (2008), he starred in his first leading role in a feature film, playing a man who emerges from a near-death experience with an ability to see ghosts. Gervais also wrote and directed (with Matthew Robinson) The Invention of Lying (2009), which centers on…

ghost town, town that was once an active community but has since been abandoned by all or nearly all of its residents. Ghost towns are found on every continent. The reasons for abandonment of a town include economic or resource issues, natural disasters, extreme climates, war and other armed

Phantom, the first costumed, fictional superhero, known as “The Ghost Who Walks.” Comics scholars generally agree that Superman was the first true superhero of the comic books, clearly marking the entrance of a new kind of hero into the marketplace, one with superpowers such as the ability to fly.

Steve Buscemi: Film career: Reservoir Dogs, Fargo, and The Big Lebowski: …lead part in Terry Zwigoff’s Ghost World (2001). The acclaimed dramedy focuses on a cynical 18-year-old woman (Thora Birch) who strikes up an unlikely friendship with a lonely album collector (Buscemi). His later notable films include Coffee and Cigarettes (2003), featuring vignettes of people talking, and The Dead Don’t Die…

American literature: Realism and metafiction: …Jewish novelist named Zuckerman, especially The Ghost Writer (1979), The Anatomy Lesson (1983), and, above all, The Counterlife (1987). Like many of his later works, from My Life as a Man (1974) to Operation Shylock (1993), The Counterlife plays ingeniously on the relationship between autobiography and fiction. His best later…

Pierce Brosnan: …Thief (2010) and Roman Polanski’s The Ghost Writer (2010), in which he played a former British prime minister accused of war crimes. In 2011 he appeared as a flirtatious businessman in the comedy I Don’t Know How She Does It and as a widowed writer in the TV miniseries Bag…

Pierce Brosnan: …Thief (2010) and Roman Polanski’s The Ghost Writer (2010), in which he played a former British prime minister accused of war crimes. In 2011 he appeared as a flirtatious businessman in the comedy I Don’t Know How She Does It and as a widowed writer in the TV miniseries Bag…

Ghostbusters, American comedy film, released in 1984, that was produced and directed by Ivan Reitman and written by Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis. Combining elements of science fiction and horror, Ghostbusters brought together the irreverent sensibility of the late-night sketch-comedy television

Ghostbusters: Sequel: In 1989 Columbia Pictures released Ghostbusters II, which picks up with the four heroes five years later, now fallen on tough times. Having been sued by the City of New York for the destruction they caused during their battle against Gozer, the Ghostbusters filed for bankruptcy and were forced to…

Bill Murray: …in the several reboots (2016, 2021, and 2024) of Ghostbusters. In 2021 he appeared in the TV miniseries The Now, and the following year he had a small role as a Boston bartender the Vietnam War drama The Greatest Beer Run Ever. In 2023 he played Lord Krylar in the…

Chris Hemsworth: Other roles: …and a sexy receptionist in Ghostbusters: Answer the Call (2016), a gender-flipped remake of the classic 1984 comedy film.

Bill Murray: …several reboots (2016, 2021, and 2024) of Ghostbusters. In 2021 he appeared in the TV miniseries The Now, and the following year he had a small role as a Boston bartender the Vietnam War drama The Greatest Beer Run Ever. In 2023 he played Lord Krylar in the Marvel superheroes…

Ana de Armas: Blonde and Ghosted: …romantic comedy and action thriller Ghosted (2023) opposite Chris Evans.

cybercrime: Hacking: …worldwide spy network known as GhostNet was discovered by researchers at the University of Toronto, who had been asked by representatives of the Dalai Lama to investigate the exiled Tibetan leader’s computers for possible malware. In addition to finding out that the Dalai Lama’s computers were compromised, the researchers discovered…

Raina Telgemeier: Telgemeier returned to fiction in Ghosts (2016). The story follows two sisters, Catrina and Maya, the latter of whom has cystic fibrosis, as they navigate life and death in a new hometown. In 2019 Telgemeier published two additional books: Share Your Smile is an interactive book that includes activities and…

Ghosts, a drama in three acts by Henrik Ibsen, published in 1881 in Norwegian as Gengangere and performed the following year. The play is an attack on conventional morality and on the results of hypocrisy. Ostensibly a discussion of congenital venereal disease, Ghosts also deals with the power of

Paul Auster: …him to assume various identities; Ghosts (1986), about a private eye known as Blue who is investigating a man named Black for a client named White; and The Locked Room (1986), the story of an author who, while researching the life of a missing writer for a biography, gradually assumes…

John Banville: Fiction: Ghosts (1993) and Athena (1995) completed the trilogy. The Untouchable (1997), along with Eclipse (2000) and its sequel, Shroud (2002), are novels that tell more stories of conflicted individuals. The Sea (2005), which was awarded the Booker Prize, tells the story of a widowed art…

ghosts, word game in which each player in turn presents a letter that must contribute to the eventual formation of a word but not complete it. The player whose letter completes a word loses the round and becomes one-third of a ghost. Three losses make a player a full ghost, putting him out of the

Nine Inch Nails: …its creation were collected in Ghosts I–IV (2008). Having become dissatisfied with the traditional music-distribution model, Reznor released both Ghosts I–IV and the song-oriented The Slip (2008) as free digital downloads from the Nine Inch Nails Web site. He returned to a major record label, however, for Hesitation Marks (2013),…

Jennifer Garner: Roles from the 2000s and marriage to Ben Affleck: …followed, including A Christmas Carol-inspired Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009), starring Matthew McConaughey; and The Invention of Lying (2009), written and directed by Ricky Gervais.

Lucinda Williams: A second double album, The Ghosts of Highway 20, appeared in 2016. She reworked the songs of Sweet Old World to good effect for This Sweet Old World (2017). The unsparing Good Souls Better Angels (2020) focused on politics with righteous anger and was generally praised.

Rob Reiner: Later films: …a lobbyist (Annette Bening), and Ghosts of Mississippi (1996), about the 1994 trial of Byron De La Beckwith, the assassin of civil rights activist Medgar Evers, were relatively warmly received, Reiner’s output at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st became more uneven. The romantic…

Steve Earle: …record to Guy Clark; and Ghosts of West Virginia (2020), which features songs he wrote for the Off-Broadway play Coal Country, about a mining disaster. In 2021 Earle released J.T., for which he covered songs written by his son, Justin Townes Earle, who died of an accidental drug overdose the…

Nick Cave: Film work: …acting credits include the films Ghosts…of the Civil Dead (1988), which he also cowrote, and Johnny Suede (1991). Cave was the subject of the documentaries 20,000 Days on Earth (2014) and One More Time with Feeling (2016). He also worked on the scores for both documentaries, the latter of which…

David Mitchell: Mitchell’s first published work was Ghostwritten (1999), a collection of interconnected narratives that take place in a variety of locations throughout the world. While criticized by some as derivative of the novels of Murakami Haruki, the book is nevertheless noteworthy for its plotting and realistic characterizations, which are unusually sophisticated…

Sadegh Ghotbzadeh was an Iranian politician who helped establish Iran as an Islamic republic and was the foreign minister of the country from 1979 to 1980. Involved in anti-shah activities, Ghotbzadeh was imprisoned briefly and at age 24 left Iran. He lived in various countries, including France

Gond: …for their youth dormitories, or ghotul, in the framework of which the unmarried of both sexes lead a highly organized social life; they receive training in civic duties and in sexual practices.

ghoul, in popular legend, a demonic being believed to inhabit burial grounds and other deserted places. In ancient Arabic folklore, ghūls belonged to a diabolical class of jinn (spirits) and were said to be the offspring of Iblīs, the prince of darkness in Islam. They were capable of constantly

A geothermal heat pump (GHP) is a heating and cooling system that takes advantage of the relatively stable moderate temperature conditions within the first 300 meters (1,000 feet) below Earth’s surface to heat a building in the winter and cool it in the summer. Unlike boilers or furnaces, GHPs do

ghrelin, a 28-amino-acid peptide produced primarily in the stomach but also in the upper small intestine and hypothalamus. Ghrelin acts to stimulate appetite, and its secretion increases before meals and decreases after food is eaten. The pattern of ghrelin secretion is similar when caloric intake

growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a large peptide hormone that exists in several forms that differ from one another only in the number of amino acids, which can vary from 37 to 44. Unlike other neurohormones (substances produced by specialized cells typical of the nervous system), GHRH is

ghee, clarified butter, a staple food on the Indian subcontinent. As a cooking oil, ghee is the most widely used food in India, apart from wheat and rice. Ghee is produced as follows. Butter made from cow’s milk is melted over a slow fire and then heated slowly until the separated water boils off.

Ghadames, oasis, northwestern Libya, near the Tunisian and Algerian borders. It lies at the bottom of a wadi bordered by the steep slopes of the stony al-Ḥamrāʾ Plateau. Located at the junction of ancient Saharan caravan routes, the town was the Roman stronghold Cydamus (whose ruins remain). It was

2002 Bali Bombings: In December 2002 Ali Ghufron (also known as Mukhlas) was arrested in Java. He confessed that he had participated in the planning of the Bali bombings, primarily as a religious guide, and had recruited two of his brothers (Ali Imron and Amrozi bin Nurhasyim) to help assemble and…

ghoul, in popular legend, a demonic being believed to inhabit burial grounds and other deserted places. In ancient Arabic folklore, ghūls belonged to a diabolical class of jinn (spirits) and were said to be the offspring of Iblīs, the prince of darkness in Islam. They were capable of constantly

ʿAbbās I: Life: …on the loyalty of these ghulāms (“slaves”) of the shah, as they were known, and he used them to counterbalance the influence of the Kizilbash, whom he distrusted. Ghulāms soon rose to high office and were appointed governors of crown provinces.

Mīrzā Ghulām Aḥmad was an Indian Muslim leader who founded an Islamic religious movement known as the Aḥmadiyyah. The son of a prosperous family, Ghulām Aḥmad received an education in Persian and Arabic. He initially refused his father’s urgings that he go into British government service or

Mamluk dynasty, (1206–90), line of sultans of the Muiʿzzī family at Delhi, India, that lasted for nearly a century. It was the first of the Delhi sultanate dynasties and had no connection to the Mamluk rulers of Egypt and Syria. The Mamluk dynasty was founded by Quṭb al-Dīn Aibak, a Mamluk

Bangladesh: The Pakistani period, 1947–71: …as prime minister and installed Ghulam Mohammad, a Punjabi, as governor-general. Ghulam Mohammad consolidated a coalition of civil and military forces in the central government and secured a virtual transfer of power from the politicians to the coalition, first by dismissing Nazimuddin (who still had a majority in the legislature)…

Indus River: Irrigation of the Indus River: The Kotri Barrage, also known as the Ghulam Muhammad Barrage, was opened in 1955. It is near Hyderabad and is nearly 3,000 feet (900 meters) long. The right-bank canal provides additional water to the city of Karachi. Sugarcane cultivation has been expanded, and yields of rice…

Iraq: The northeast of Iraq: …is the country’s highest point, Ghundah Zhur, which reaches 11,834 feet (3,607 metres). The region is heavily dissected by numerous tributaries of the Tigris, notably the Great and Little Zab rivers and the Diyālā and ʿUẓaym (Adhaim) rivers. These streams weave tortuously south and southwest, cutting through ridges in a…

Jordan Valley, rift valley in the Middle East in southwestern Asia, located along the Jordan River and along Jordan’s western border with Israel and the West Bank. The depression drops more than 1,400 feet (430 meters) below sea level at the Dead Sea, the lowest natural point on Earth’s surface. A

Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām was the Ghūrid conqueror of the north Indian plain; he was one of the founders of Muslim rule in India. Muʿizz al-Dīn’s elder brother, Ghiyāth al-Dīn, acquired power east of Herāt in the region of Ghūr (Ghowr, in present Afghanistan) about 1162. Muʿizz al-Dīn always

Ghūrid sultanate, kingdom centred in Ghūr (modern Ghowr) in west-central Afghanistan from the mid-12th to the early 13th century. Its founder was ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Ḥusayn. Ghūr is a mountainous territory situated southeast of the region of Herāt and northwest of the Helmand River valley. Ghūr was

Ghūrid sultanate, kingdom centred in Ghūr (modern Ghowr) in west-central Afghanistan from the mid-12th to the early 13th century. Its founder was ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Ḥusayn. Ghūr is a mountainous territory situated southeast of the region of Herāt and northwest of the Helmand River valley. Ghūr was

Gurkha, soldier from Nepal serving in either the British or Indian army. The term Gurkha refers to the region around the town of Gurkha, whose Shah dynasty (1559–2008) consolidated the modern state of Nepal through military conquest in the late 18th century. The dynasty continued to rule Nepal

Krishnanagar: Ghurni, a suburb, is famous for the manufacture of coloured clay figures. Krishnanagar was constituted a municipality in 1864. It contains the residence of the maharaja of Nadia and is a Christian evangelistic centre. A large fair is held there annually. Pop. (2001) 139,110; (2011)…

ghusl, in Islām, the “major ablution” that entails washing the entire body in ritually pure water and is required in specified cases for both the living and the dead. The ghusl, accompanied by a statement of intent, must be performed whenever a state of major ritual impurity has been incurred:

Damascus: City site: This tract, al-Ghūṭah, has supported a substantial population for thousands of years. Damascus itself grew on a terrace 2,250 feet (690 meters) above sea level, south of Mount Qasioun and overlooking the Barada River. The original settlement appears to have been situated in the eastern part of…

keffiyeh: Variations: The ghutrah is another variation of the garment. It is an all-white cloth with no patterns and is worn on the head. A thick black cord called the ʿiqāl is tied around the ghutrah to secure it to the head. This variation is worn primarily in…

Oğuz, confederation of Turkic peoples whose homeland, until at least the 11th century ce, was the steppes of Central Asia and Mongolia. The Orhon inscriptions, describing an early Turkic people, probably refer to the Oğuz. The Seljuqs, who constituted one branch of the Oğuz, controlled an empire

gill, in measurement, unit of volume in the British Imperial and United States Customary systems. It is used almost exclusively for the measurement of liquids. Although its capacity has varied with time and location, in the United States it is defined as half a cup, or four U.S. fluid ounces, which

telecommunications media: Optical fibres: Graded-index (GI) fibre reduces multimode dispersion by grading the refractive index of the core so that it smoothly tapers between the core centre and the cladding. Another type of fibre, known as single-mode (SM) fibre, eliminates multimode dispersion by reducing the diameter of the core…

Armed Islamic Group, Algerian militant group. It was formed in 1992 after the government nullified the likely victory of the Islamic Salvation Front in 1991 legislative elections and was fueled by the repatriation of numerous Algerian Islamists who had fought in the Afghan War (1978–92). The GIA

Gia Long was the emperor and founder of the Nguyen dynasty, the last dynasty of Vietnam before conquest by France. Nguyen Anh—the nephew of Hue Vuong, the legitimate heir to the throne, who died in prison during a civil war in 1766—became a great general. He was aided in winning his kingdom by

Georges de La Trémoille: …had King Charles VII’s favourite, Pierre de Giac, kidnapped and drowned; he then married Giac’s widow, Catherine (who was probably an accessory), and took Giac’s place on the king’s council. Named grand chamberlain of France, he soon forced the Constable de Richemont to leave court.

Riccardo Giacconi was an Italian-born physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2002 for his seminal discoveries of cosmic sources of X-rays, which helped lay the foundations for the field of X-ray astronomy. Raymond Davis, Jr., and Koshiba Masatoshi also won a share of the award for their

Luigi Capuana: …first of his six novels, Giacinta, a psychological study of a wronged woman. Another important novel, Il marchese di Roccaverdina (1901; “The Marquis of Roccaverdina”), is an excellent study of guilt. Though he wrote much additional fiction—including stories for children—he is probably best known for Giacinta and Il marchese di…

Alberto Giacometti was a Swiss sculptor and painter, best known for his attenuated sculptures of solitary figures. His work has been compared to that of the existentialists in literature. Giacometti displayed precocious talent and was much encouraged by his father, Giovanni Giacometti, a

Italian literature: Religious poetry: …and the Franciscan from Verona, Giacomino da Verona, author of De Jerusalem celesti (c. 1250; “On the Heavenly Jerusalem”) and De Babilonia civitate infernali (c. 1250; “On the Infernal City of Babylon”), were the liveliest and most imaginative of this group.

Giacomo Da Lentini was a senior poet of the Sicilian school and notary at the court of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. Celebrated during his life, he was acclaimed as a master by the poets of the following generation, including Dante, who memorialized him in the Purgatorio (XXIV, 55–57).

Giuseppe Giacosa was an Italian dramatist who collaborated with Luigi Illica to write the libretti for three of Giacomo Puccini’s most famous operas. The son of a Piedmontese lawyer, Giacosa earned a law degree from the University of Turin but soon abandoned the law to write for the theatre. His

Ivar Giaever is a Norwegian-born American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson for work in solid-state physics. Giaever received an engineering degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim in 1952 and became a patent examiner

Phan Khoi: …of Nhan Van (“Humanism”) and Giai Pham Mua Xuan (“Beautiful Flowers of the Spring”), two radical literary reviews that took advantage of the liberalizing proclamation of Mao Zedong, of China, to offer stringent criticisms of the Hanoi regime. Phan Khoi accused the Communist Party of corruption, attacked alleged anti-intellectualism of…

Annamese Cordillera, principal mountain range of Southeast Asia and the watershed between the Mekong River and the South China Sea. It extends parallel to the coast in a gentle curve generally northwest-southeast, forming the boundary between Laos and Vietnam. A fairly continuous range for about

The Hostage, play in three acts by Brendan Behan, produced in 1958 and published in 1962. The play, which is considered Behan’s masterwork, employs ballads, slapstick, and fantasies to satirize social conditions and warfare. In the play, an English soldier is held hostage in a brothel by members of

Jamaame, town, southern Somalia, eastern Africa. Jamaame is situated on the eastern bank of the lower Jubba River, in the southeastern coastal lowlands near the Indian Ocean. The town is an important agricultural, commercial, and industrial centre. Bananas, the major crop, are exported through

United States: Sports: …fatuous—onetime Major League Baseball commissioner Bartlett Giamatti wrote a book called Take Time for Paradise, finding in baseball a powerful metaphor for the time before the Fall. But the myths of baseball remain powerful even when they are not aided, or adulterated, by too-self-conscious appeals to poetry. The rhythm and…

United States: Sports: …fatuous—onetime Major League Baseball commissioner Bartlett Giamatti wrote a book called Take Time for Paradise, finding in baseball a powerful metaphor for the time before the Fall. But the myths of baseball remain powerful even when they are not aided, or adulterated, by too-self-conscious appeals to poetry. The rhythm and…

Paul Giamatti is an American actor who excels at portraying likable idiosyncratic everyman characters. Giamatti was born into an intellectually active family; his mother, Toni Giamatti, was a former actor who taught English at a preparatory school, and his father, A. Bartlett Giamatti, was a

Paul Giamatti is an American actor who excels at portraying likable idiosyncratic everyman characters. Giamatti was born into an intellectually active family; his mother, Toni Giamatti, was a former actor who taught English at a preparatory school, and his father, A. Bartlett Giamatti, was a

Giosuè Carducci: …Satana” (1863), and in his Giambi ed epodi (1867–69; “Iambics and Epodes”), inspired chiefly by contemporary politics. Its violent, bitter language reflects the virile, rebellious character of the poet.

Giambologna was the preeminent Mannerist sculptor in Italy during the last quarter of the 16th century. First trained under Jacques Dubroeucq, a Flemish sculptor who worked in an Italianate style, Giambologna went to Rome about 1550, where his style was influenced by Hellenistic sculpture and the

Michele Giambono was a leading Venetian Late Gothic painter and mosaicist, the most distinguished member of a large family of artists working in Venice from 1396 to 1546. Giambono’s grandfather was a painter of Treviso called Giam Bono (also Zambono), and he himself is generally called by this

Guatemala: Guatemala in the 21st century: …August 11, in which conservative Alejandro Giammattei of the Let’s Go (Vamos) party, the former head of the country’s prison system, triumphed over Torres, once again a presidential candidate, this time for the National Unity of Hope (UNE) party. Torres had finished first in the multicandidate first round of voting…

Gian Gastone was the last Medicean grand duke of Tuscany (1723–37). His father, Cosimo III, had passed his 80th year at the time of his death, and thus Gian Gastone succeeded at a late age, 53—in bad health, worn out by dissipation, and possessing neither ambition nor aptitude for rule. The

Sam Giancana was a major American gangster, the top syndicate boss in Chicago from 1957 to 1966, who was noted for his friendships with show-business personalities and for his ruthlessness. Born and reared in Chicago’s “Little Italy” on the near southwest side, Giancana began working for Al Capone

Sam Giancana was a major American gangster, the top syndicate boss in Chicago from 1957 to 1966, who was noted for his friendships with show-business personalities and for his ruthlessness. Born and reared in Chicago’s “Little Italy” on the near southwest side, Giancana began working for Al Capone

humanism: The 15th century: …he accepted the invitation of Gianfrancesco Gonzaga, marquis of Mantua, to become tutor to the ruling family. At this post Vittorino spent the remaining 22 years of his life. His school, held in a delightful palace that he renamed “La Giocosa,” had as its students not only the Gonzaga children…