Giurgiu, city, capital of Giurgiu județ (county), southern Romania. It is situated on the left (north) bank of the Danube, 40 miles (65 km) south of Bucharest. Its origins have not been clearly established, though it is probable that Genoese navigators built a citadel named San Giorgio on the

Guarneri Family: …was a nephew of Andrea, Giuseppe, known as “Giuseppe del Gesù” (1698–1745), whose title originates in the “I.H.S.” inscribed on his labels. He was much influenced by the works of the earlier Brescian school, particularly those of G.P. Maggini, whom he followed in the boldness of outline and the massive…

Cimabue was a painter and mosaicist, the last great Italian artist in the Byzantine style, which had dominated early medieval painting in Italy. Among his surviving works are the frescoes of New Testament scenes in the upper church of S. Francesco, Assisi; the Sta. Trinità Madonna (c. 1290); and

Giuseppe Giusti was a northern Italian poet and satirist, whose satires on Austrian rule during the early years of Italy’s nationalistic movement (the Risorgimento) had great influence and are still enjoyed for their Tuscan wit and lively style. Giusti was sporadically a law student in Pisa

Fall of Constantinople: Context: …arrived in January 1453 with Giovanni Giustiniani Longo at their head. Emperor Constantine XI named Giustiniani commander of his land defenses and spent the rest of the winter strengthening the city for a siege.

Pietro Metastasio: …age of 14 he wrote Giustino, a tragedy in the Senecan style; and in 1717 he published a book of verses. In 1718 Metastasio entered the Accademia dell’Arcadia, and in 1719 he went to Naples where he was employed in a law office and gained acceptance in aristocratic circles through…

Stanley Donen: Films of the 1950s: …comedy, Fearless Fagan (1952), and Give a Girl a Break (1953), with a performance by Debbie Reynolds and the dancing of Bob Fosse and Gower Champion, preceded Donen’s next major triumph, Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954). A creative extrapolation of Stephen Vincent Benet’s short story “Sobbin’ Women” (based on…

Martha Raye: (1936), Waikiki Wedding (1937), Give Me a Sailor (1938), Keep ’Em Flying (1941), and Hellzapoppin (1941). She drew praise for her performance opposite Charlie Chaplin in Monsieur Verdoux (1947), which was widely regarded as her best film.

George Harrison: …Other popular songs included “Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth),” on Living in the Material World (1973), and “Got My Mind Set on You”, on Cloud Nine (1987). In 1971 Harrison staged two concerts to raise money to fight starvation in Bangladesh, which later became the prototype…

Marlene Dietrich: …Vie en rose,” and “Give Me the Man” made them classics of an era. Her many affairs with both men and women were open secrets, but rather than destroying her career they seemed to enhance it. Her adoption of trousers and other mannish clothes made her a trendsetter and…

Ringo Starr: Solo career: music, acting, and photography: … (2005), Postcards from Paradise (2015), Give More Love (2017), and What’s My Name (2019). In 2025 Starr returned to the country genre with Look Up, which was critically acclaimed.

Paul McCartney: Wings and solo career: …starring in the 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street, which was poorly received. Nevertheless, critics loved his 1989 album, Flowers in the Dirt, which coincided with his return to live performance, and Flaming Pie (1997) was even more highly praised. In 1997 McCartney was knighted by Queen Elizabeth…

musical: Origin: …a Grand Old Flag,” “Give My Regards to Broadway,” and “I’m A Yankee Doodle Dandy.”

John Lennon: The Beatles breakup, solo career, and marriage to Yoko Ono: Like the earlier “Give Peace a Chance,” “Imagine” is living proof of the political orientation that dominated Lennon’s public life with Ono, which came to a head in 1972 with the failed agitprop album Some Time in New York City and the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate George…

“Taxes,” according to Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., “are what we pay for civilized society.” Whether you believe we’re getting our money’s worth—or whether we live in a civilized society at all—it’s no stretch to say we pay a lot of taxes, and a lot of different types of taxes. Some tax rates are

Brandi Carlile: Rise to fame: Carlile’s next album, Give Up the Ghost (2009), showcases a duet with Elton John. The album peaked at number 26 on the Billboard 200 chart, making it Carlile’s first album to break through the Billboard Top 40.

Joe Lapchick: Lapchick popularized the give-and-go play in which one player makes a short pass to a teammate and cuts for the basket to receive a pass and shoot. After his retirement as a coach, he was a sports coordinator at a country club.

Native American religions: Diversity and common themes: …practice known in English as giveaway or in the potlatch of the Northwest Coast peoples, in which property and gifts are ceremonially distributed. Human beings are taught to give eagerly because in so doing they imitate the generosity of the many other-than-human entities that provide for human sustenance.

Susan Musgrave: Fiction and essays: …Cargo of Orchids (2000) and Given (2012). She also wrote several children’s books: Gullband (1974), a series of poems; Hag’s Head (1980), a Halloween story; Kestrel and Leonardo (1991); Dreams More Real Than Bathtubs (1998); and Kiss, Tickle, Cuddle Hug (2012). Her essays and humorous newspaper columns are collected in…

given name, part of a personal name that distinguishes an individual from other members of a group, clan, or family. It is typically used in conjunction with a surname, or “family name,” which in many cases is inherited and held in common by members of a family. Scholars agree that the use of

Marcel Duchamp: Farewell to art: …on a major piece called Étant donnés: 1. la chute d’eau, 2. le gaz d’éclairage (Given: 1. The Waterfall, 2. The Illuminating Gas). It is now at the Philadelphia Museum of Art and offers through two small holes in a heavy wooden door a glimpse of Duchamp’s enigma.

Bernard Arnault: …the LVMH fold: Christian Lacroix, Givenchy, and Kenzo; the leather goods companies Loewe, Céline, and Berluti; the jeweler Fred Joailler; the DFS group (the world’s biggest duty-free chain); and the beauty retailer Sephora.

Hubert de Givenchy was a French fashion designer noted for his couture and ready-to-wear designs, especially those he created for the actress Audrey Hepburn. Givenchy studied art at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and later studied law. At 17 he was apprenticed to the Parisian designer Jacques

Mike Tyson: Reigning heavyweight champion and rape conviction: In 1988 Tyson married actress Robin Givens, but the couple divorced in 1989 amid allegations that Tyson had physically abused her. A myriad of assault and harassment charges were subsequently filed against Tyson.

Jeff Bridges: …an ostensibly utopian society, in The Giver (2014). Bridges had for years attempted to secure financing for the film, based on the novel for young readers by Lois Lowry, and ultimately served as a producer. He later was cast as a Texas sheriff pursuing bank robbers in Hell or High…

Lois Lowry: The Newbery Medal for Number the Stars and The Giver: …Newbery came in 1994, for The Giver (1993), a novel about a futuristic world without social ills and a 12-year-old boy who questions his seemingly perfect society.

Claude Monet: Later Impressionism: …and Monet’s sons settled at Giverny, a hamlet near Vernon, 52 miles (84 km) from Paris, on the tiny Epte River. There Monet purchased a farmhouse surrounded by an orchard, which would be his home until his death and is now a French national monument. After the travels of the…

Givetian Stage, uppermost of the two standard worldwide divisions of Middle Devonian rocks and time. Givetian time spans the interval between 387.7 million and 382.7 million years ago. It was named for exposures studied near Givet in the Ardennes region of northern France and is characterized by a

Givhan v. Western Line Consolidated School District, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on January 9, 1979, ruled (9–0) that, under the First Amendment’s freedom of speech clause, public employees are permitted within specific boundaries to express their opinions, whether positive or negative, in

Barry Lopez: …of Native American trickster stories, Giving Birth to Thunder, Sleeping with His Daughter: Coyote Builds North America, was published. He followed this volume with the critically acclaimed Of Wolves and Men, which includes scientific information, folklore, and essays on the wolf’s role in human culture.

Nineteenth Amendment, amendment (1920) to the Constitution of the United States that officially extended the right to vote to women. Opposition to woman suffrage in the United States predated the Constitutional Convention (1787), which drafted and adopted the Constitution. The prevailing view

Perugino: Early work: …own hand, only the fresco Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter has survived. The simple and lucid arrangement of the composition reveals the centre of narrative action, unlike the frescoes in the same series by the Florentine painter Sandro Botticelli, which, in comparison, appear overcrowded and confused in their…

Shel Silverstein: …the boy-man and tree in The Giving Tree (1964), his most famous prose work; and the partial circle in The Missing Piece (1976). Falling Up (1996) was the last illustrated collection published before his death in 1999. Runny Babbit: A Billy Sook (2015) and Runny Babbit Returns (2017) were released…

Hilary Mantel: …break from novels to write Giving Up the Ghost (2003), a memoir that depicts her anxiety-ridden childhood and her later struggle with illness. That same year she produced a collection of loosely autobiographical short stories, Learning to Talk. Additional recognition came for Beyond Black (2005), a wryly humorous novel about…

Bill Clinton: Life after the presidency of Bill Clinton: …an autobiography, My Life (2004); Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World (2007), in which he encouraged readers to become involved in various worthy causes; and Back to Work: Why We Need Smart Government for a Strong Economy (2011). He also wrote (with James Patterson) the thrillers The…

givinostat, drug used to help slow the advance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic condition characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. Givinostat is the first nonsteroidal medication available to treat all genetic variants of DMD. The drug was approved in 2024 by

Givʿatayim, city, eastern suburb of Tel Aviv–Yafo, west-central Israel, on the Plain of Sharon. The city is a union of several workers’ quarters, the first of which, Shekhunat Borokhov, was founded in 1922. It was the first suburban workers’ development in Jewish Palestine. The various sections now

Giyani, town, Limpopo province, South Africa. It was the capital of Gazankulu, a former nonindependent Bantustan. Giyani is located on the northern bank of the Klein (Little) Letaba River west of Kruger National Park. Situated in what was the northern portion of Gazankulu, Giyani was established in

Lalībela: House of Giyorgis, cruciform in shape, is carved from a sloping rock terrace. House of Golgotha contains Lalībela’s tomb, and House of Mariam is noted for its frescoes. The interiors were hollowed out into naves and given vaulted ceilings.

Giza, city, capital of Al-Jīzah muḥāfaẓah (governorate) in Upper Egypt, located on the west bank of the Nile River just south-southwest of Cairo. It is a suburb of the national capital, with a distinctive character enriched by several archaeological and cultural sites. The district was settled in

Giza, city, capital of Al-Jīzah muḥāfaẓah (governorate) in Upper Egypt, located on the west bank of the Nile River just south-southwest of Cairo. It is a suburb of the national capital, with a distinctive character enriched by several archaeological and cultural sites. The district was settled in

Pyramids of Giza, three 4th-dynasty (c. 2575–c. 2465 bce) pyramids erected on a rocky plateau on the west bank of the Nile River near Al-Jīzah (Giza) in northern Egypt. In ancient times they were included among the Seven Wonders of the World. The ancient ruins of the Memphis area, including the

Giza, city, capital of Al-Jīzah muḥāfaẓah (governorate) in Upper Egypt, located on the west bank of the Nile River just south-southwest of Cairo. It is a suburb of the national capital, with a distinctive character enriched by several archaeological and cultural sites. The district was settled in

Pyramids of Giza, three 4th-dynasty (c. 2575–c. 2465 bce) pyramids erected on a rocky plateau on the west bank of the Nile River near Al-Jīzah (Giza) in northern Egypt. In ancient times they were included among the Seven Wonders of the World. The ancient ruins of the Memphis area, including the

Eleanor Medill Patterson was the flamboyant editor and publisher of the Washington Times-Herald. Elinor Patterson came from one of the great American newspaper families: her grandfather, Joseph Medill, had been editor in chief of the Chicago Tribune; her father, Robert W. Patterson, and her cousin,

gizzard, in many birds, the hind part of the stomach, especially modified for grinding food. Located between the saclike crop and the intestine, the gizzard has a thick muscular wall and may contain small stones, or gastroliths, that function in the mechanical breakdown of seeds and other foods. In

shad: The gizzard shads (Dorosoma), of both marine waters and freshwaters, have a muscular stomach and filamentous last dorsal fin rays. The Atlantic species (D. cepedianum), also called hickory shad and fall herring, ranges through the southern United States. Others are found in the Indo-Pacific and Australian…

Heimdall: Heimdall kept the “ringing” horn, Gjallarhorn, which could be heard throughout heaven, earth, and the lower world; it was believed that he would sound the horn to summon the gods when their enemies, the giants, drew near at the Ragnarök, the end of the world of gods and men. When…

Gäncä, city, western Azerbaijan. It lies along the Gäncä River. The town was founded sometime in the 5th or 6th century, about 4 miles (6.5 km) east of the modern city. That town was destroyed by earthquake in 1139 and rebuilt on the present site. Gäncä became an important centre of trade, but in

Karl Adolph Gjellerup was a Danish poet and novelist who shared the 1917 Nobel Prize for Literature with his compatriot Henrik Pontoppidan. The son of a parson, Gjellerup studied theology, although, after coming under the influence of Darwinism and the new radical ideas of the critic Georg Brandes,

Ismail Kadare: …i ushtrisë së vdekur (1963; The General of the Dead Army [film 1983]), his best-known novel, was his first to achieve an international audience. It tells the story of an Italian general on a grim mission to find and return to Italy the remains of his country’s soldiers who died…

Henrik Hertz: …his set of satirical letters, Gjenganger-breve (1830; “Letters of a Ghost”), which were a great success.

Søren Kierkegaard: A life of collisions: …Fragment of Life), Gjentagelsen (1843; Repetition), Frygt og baeven (1843; Fear and Trembling), Philosophiske smuler (1844; Philosophical Fragments), Begrebet angest (1844; The Concept of Anxiety), Stadier paa livets vei (1845; Stages on Life’s Way), and Afsluttende uvidenskabelig efterskrift (1846; Concluding Unscientific Postscript). Even

Kosovo: Relief, drainage, and soils: The highest point is Mount Gjeravica (Ðeravica), at 8,714 feet (2,656 metres), on the western border with Albania. The interior terrain comprises high plains and rolling hills; about three-fourths of the country lies between about 1,600 and 5,000 feet (500 and 1,500 metres) above sea level. Limestone caves are…

Gjirokastër, town, southern Albania. It lies southeast of the Adriatic port of Vlorë and overlooks the Drin River valley from the eastern slope of the long ridge of the Gjerë mountains. The town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2005 for its well-preserved centre built by farmers

Gjirokastër, town, southern Albania. It lies southeast of the Adriatic port of Vlorë and overlooks the Drin River valley from the eastern slope of the long ridge of the Gjerë mountains. The town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2005 for its well-preserved centre built by farmers

Northwest Passage: History of exploration: …the converted 47-ton herring boat Gjøa. They completed the arduous three-year voyage in 1906, when they arrived in Nome, Alaska, after having wintered on the Yukon coast. The first single-season transit was achieved in 1944, when Sgt. Henry A. Larsen, of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, made it through on…

Nova Persei, bright nova that attained an absolute magnitude of −9.2. Spectroscopic observations of the nova, which appeared in 1901, provided important information about interstellar gas. The shell thrown off by the exploding star was unusually asymmetrical, and a bright nebulosity near the star

London: Greater London: Established in 2000, the new Greater London Authority comprised a directly elected mayor and a 25-member assembly, and it assumed some of the local responsibilities that the central government had handled since 1986—notably over transport, planning, police, and emergency services.

GLAAD, organization created in 1985 that is devoted to countering discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals in the media and promoting understanding, acceptance, and equality. Since its creation GLAAD has been integral to the increased portrayal of

Radulfus Glaber was a medieval monk and chronicler whose works, though lacking critical sense and order, are useful as historical documents. He read extensively, traveled considerably, and observed and recorded major events. Some accounts portray him as an unruly character and a wanderer. He

Marcus Porcius Cato: …Cato served with distinction under Manius Acilius Glabrio at Thermopylae in the war against the Seleucid king Antiochus III. Shortly thereafter he included Glabrio in his denunciation of the supporters of the Scipios. He then attacked Lucius Scipio and Scipio Africanus the Elder and broke their political influence. This success…

Glace Bay, former town, Cape Breton county, northeastern Nova Scotia, Canada. It lies on the eastern shore of Cape Breton Island, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, just east of Sydney. An important coal-mining town (into the 1980s) and port, it developed (along with the adjacent communities of

Mer de Glace, one of the longest glaciers in the Alps, extending for 3.5 miles (5.6 km) on the northern side of Mont Blanc near Chamonix, France. Formed by the confluence of the Géant and Leschaux glaciers below the Tacul massif of Mont Blanc, the glacier once descended to within 0.5 mile (0.8 km)

food preservation: Concentration of moist foods: Candied and glacéed fruits are made by slow impregnation of the fruit with syrup until the concentration of sugar in the tissue is sufficiently high to prevent growth of spoilage microorganisms. The candying process is conducted by treating fruits with syrups of progressively increasing sugar concentrations, so…

lake: Basins formed by glaciation: Ice sheets moving over relatively level surfaces have produced large numbers of small lake basins through scouring in many areas. This type of glacial rock basin contains what are known as ice-scour lakes and is represented in North America, for example, by basins in parts…

acetic acid (CH3COOH), the most important of the carboxylic acids. A dilute (approximately 5 percent by volume) solution of acetic acid produced by fermentation and oxidation of natural carbohydrates is called vinegar; a salt, ester, or acylal of acetic acid is called acetate. Industrially, acetic

glacial stage, in geology, a cold episode during an ice age, or glacial period. An ice age is a portion of geologic time during which a much larger part of Earth’s surface was covered by glaciers than at present. The Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) is sometimes called the Great

Reginald Aldworth Daly: …came his theory of “glacial control” of the formation of coral atolls and reefs. He found that the fluctuations of sea level during the building up and melting down of glaciers during the Pleistocene Epoch played a major role in allowing the coral to slowly build up structures more…

iceberg: Iceberg distribution and drift trajectories: In the Antarctic, a freshly calved iceberg usually begins by moving westward in the Antarctic Coastal Current, with the coastline on its left. Since its trajectory is also turned to the left by the Coriolis force owing to Earth’s rotation, it may run…

ice age, any geologic period during which thick ice sheets cover vast areas of land. Such periods of large-scale glaciation may last several million years and drastically reshape surface features of entire continents. A number of major ice ages have occurred throughout Earth history. The earliest

Quaternary: Landforms: …glacial sediments and evidence of glacial erosion.

geology: Glacial geology: Glacial geology can be regarded as a branch of geomorphology, though it is such a large area of research that it stands as a distinct subdiscipline within the geologic sciences. Glacial geology is concerned with the properties of glaciers themselves as well as…

glacial landform: P-forms and glacial grooves: Straight P-forms are frequently called glacial grooves, even though the term is also applied to large striations, which, unlike the P-forms, were cut by a single tool. Some researchers believe that P-forms were not carved directly by the ice but rather were eroded by pressurized mud slurries flowing beneath the…

Lake Clark National Park and Preserve: …more than a score of glacial lakes on the rim of the Chigmit Mountains, a range located where the Alaska and Aleutian ranges meet. The lake is the headwaters for the most important spawning ground for sockeye, or red, salmon in North America. The park’s great geologic diversity includes jagged…

glacial landform, any product of flowing ice and meltwater. Such landforms are being produced today in glaciated areas, such as Greenland, Antarctica, and many of the world’s higher mountain ranges. In addition, large expansions of present-day glaciers have recurred during the course of Earth

moulin, (French: “mill”), a nearly cylindrical, vertical shaft that extends through a glacier and is carved by meltwater from the glacier’s surface. Postglacial evidence of a moulin, also called a glacial mill, is a giant kettle, or, more properly, a moulin pothole, scoured to great depth in the

outwash, deposit of sand and gravel carried by running water from the melting ice of a glacier and laid down in stratified deposits. An outwash may attain a thickness of 100 m (328 feet) at the edge of a glacier, although the thickness is usually much less; it may also extend many kilometres in

glacial landform: Glacial erosion: …generally included under the terms glacial plucking or quarrying. This process involves the removal of larger pieces of rock from the glacier bed. Various explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed. Some of the mechanisms suggested are based on differential stresses in the rock caused by ice being forced to…

lake: Basins formed by glaciation: …the formation of giant’s kettles, glacial potholes in the form of deep cylindrical holes. Their origin is still uncertain. Sand, gravel, or boulders are sometimes found at their bottom. The kettles vary from a few centimetres to a metre or more in diameter. Good examples are found in the Alps,…

glacial landform: …are being produced today in glaciated areas, such as Greenland, Antarctica, and many of the world’s higher mountain ranges. In addition, large expansions of present-day glaciers have recurred during the course of Earth history. At the maximum of the last ice age, which ended about 20,000 to 15,000 years ago,…

glacial landform: Glacial erosion: …generally included under the terms glacial plucking or quarrying. This process involves the removal of larger pieces of rock from the glacier bed. Various explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed. Some of the mechanisms suggested are based on differential stresses in the rock caused by ice being forced to…

lake: Basins formed by glaciation: Ice sheets moving over relatively level surfaces have produced large numbers of small lake basins through scouring in many areas. This type of glacial rock basin contains what are known as ice-scour lakes and is represented in North America, for example, by basins in parts…

glacial stage, in geology, a cold episode during an ice age, or glacial period. An ice age is a portion of geologic time during which a much larger part of Earth’s surface was covered by glaciers than at present. The Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) is sometimes called the Great

river: Falls attributable to discordance of river profile: …glaciation include glacial potholes and glacial steps. The former are thought to originate principally as a result of the plastic flow of ice at the base of a glacier; this permits the gouging of semicylindrical holes in the bedrock beneath the path of flow. The holes or depressions are subsequently…

river: Falls attributable to discordance of river profile: …glaciation include glacial potholes and glacial steps. The former are thought to originate principally as a result of the plastic flow of ice at the base of a glacier; this permits the gouging of semicylindrical holes in the bedrock beneath the path of flow. The holes or depressions are subsequently…

till, in geology, unsorted material deposited directly by glacial ice and showing no stratification. Till is sometimes called boulder clay because it is composed of clay, boulders of intermediate sizes, or a mixture of these. The rock fragments are usually angular and sharp rather than rounded,

glacial valley, stream valley that has been glaciated, usually to a typical catenary, or U-shaped, cross section. U-shaped valleys occur in many parts of the world and are characteristic features of mountain glaciation. These glacial troughs may be several thousand feet deep and tens of miles long.

glacial valley, stream valley that has been glaciated, usually to a typical catenary, or U-shaped, cross section. U-shaped valleys occur in many parts of the world and are characteristic features of mountain glaciation. These glacial troughs may be several thousand feet deep and tens of miles long.

glacial landform: …are being produced today in glaciated areas, such as Greenland, Antarctica, and many of the world’s higher mountain ranges. In addition, large expansions of present-day glaciers have recurred during the course of Earth history. At the maximum of the last ice age, which ended about 20,000 to 15,000 years ago,…

glacial stage, in geology, a cold episode during an ice age, or glacial period. An ice age is a portion of geologic time during which a much larger part of Earth’s surface was covered by glaciers than at present. The Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) is sometimes called the Great

glacial landform: Periglacial landforms: …adjacent to and beyond the limit of glaciers, a zone of intense freeze-thaw activity produces periglacial features and landforms. This happens because of the unique behaviour of water as it changes from the liquid to the solid state. As water freezes, its volume increases about 9 percent. This is often…

glacier, any large mass of perennial ice that originates on land by the recrystallization of snow or other forms of solid precipitation and that shows evidence of past or present flow. Exact limits for the terms large, perennial, and flow cannot be set. Except in size, a small snow patch that

lake: Basins formed by glaciation: Ice sheets moving over relatively level surfaces have produced large numbers of small lake basins through scouring in many areas. This type of glacial rock basin contains what are known as ice-scour lakes and is represented in North America, for example, by basins in parts…

Glacier Bay, scenic indentation, about 50 miles (80 km) long, on the coast of southeastern Alaska, U.S. Situated about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Juneau, it contains a spectacular display of glaciers that descend from the lofty ice-draped St. Elias Range in the east and the Fairweather Range

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, large natural area in southeastern Alaska, U.S., on the Gulf of Alaska. It was proclaimed a national monument in 1925, established as a national park and preserve in 1980, and designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1992. The park and preserve cover an

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, large natural area in southeastern Alaska, U.S., on the Gulf of Alaska. It was proclaimed a national monument in 1925, established as a national park and preserve in 1980, and designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1992. The park and preserve cover an

breeze: A glacier breeze is a draft of cold air that is cooled by contact with a glacier, descends along its edge, and then dies out within a short distance.

cave: Glacier caves: These are long tunnels formed near the snouts of glaciers between the glacial ice and the underlying bedrock. Meltwater from the surface of a glacier drains downward through crevasses, which are enlarged to form shafts leading to the base of the glacier. Because…

glacier: Glacier floods: Glacier outburst floods, or jökulhlaups, can be spectacular or even catastrophic. These happen when drainage within a glacier is blocked by internal plastic flow and water is stored in or behind the glacier. The water eventually finds a narrow path to trickle out.…