Karakoram Range: Glaciation and drainage: Suspended pulverized stone, or rock flour, makes glacial meltwater opaque. Rock flour and eroded material from the mountain channels give the Indus the highest suspended sediment load of any major river. Groundwater accumulates in the rocky talus and contributes to the flow throughout the year.

glacier: Glacier flow: In the accumulation area the mass balance is positive year after year. Here the glacier would become thicker and thicker were it not for the compensating flow of ice away from the area (see video). This flow supplies mass to the ablation zone,…

glacier: Response of glaciers to climatic change: …result is known as a glacier fluctuation—in this case an advance—and it incorporates the sum of all the changes that have taken place up-glacier during the time it took them to propagate to the terminus.

Glacier National Park, park in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, lying in the heart of the Selkirk Mountains, within the great northern bend of the Columbia River, east of Revelstoke. Established in 1886, it occupies an area of 521 square miles (1,349 square km). Majestic snowcapped peaks,

Glacier National Park, scenic wilderness area in the northern Rocky Mountains in northwestern Montana, U.S., adjoining the Canadian border and Canada’s Waterton Lakes National Park. The two parks together comprise Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, dedicated in 1932. Glacier National Park

glacier: Glacier floods: Glacier outburst floods, or jökulhlaups, can be spectacular or even catastrophic. These happen when drainage within a glacier is blocked by internal plastic flow and water is stored in or behind the glacier. The water eventually finds a narrow path to trickle out.…

lake: Basins formed by glaciation: Ice sheets moving over relatively level surfaces have produced large numbers of small lake basins through scouring in many areas. This type of glacial rock basin contains what are known as ice-scour lakes and is represented in North America, for example, by basins in parts…

outwash, deposit of sand and gravel carried by running water from the melting ice of a glacier and laid down in stratified deposits. An outwash may attain a thickness of 100 m (328 feet) at the edge of a glacier, although the thickness is usually much less; it may also extend many kilometres in

glacial landform: Glaciolacustrine deposits: Glacial and proglacial lakes are found in a variety of environments and in considerable numbers. Erosional lake basins have already been mentioned, but many lakes are formed as streams are dammed by the ice itself, by glacial deposits, or by a combination of…

glaciology, scientific discipline concerned with all aspects of ice on landmasses. It deals with the structure and properties of glacier ice, its formation and distribution, the dynamics of ice flow, and the interactions of ice accumulation with climate. Glaciological research is conducted with a

military technology: The sunken profile: …was the sloping of the glacis, or forward face of the ramparts, in such a manner that it could be swept by cannon and harquebus fire from the parapet behind the ditch. As a practical matter the scarp, or main fortress wall, now protected from artillery fire by the glacis,…

William J. Glackens was an American artist whose paintings of street scenes and middle-class urban life rejected the dictates of 19th-century academic art and introduced a matter-of-fact realism into the art of the United States. Glackens studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and at

William J. Glackens was an American artist whose paintings of street scenes and middle-class urban life rejected the dictates of 19th-century academic art and introduced a matter-of-fact realism into the art of the United States. Glackens studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and at

Diana Krall: …an experiment with bossa nova; Glad Rag Doll (2012), an exploration of lesser-known jazz tunes beloved by her father; and Wallflower (2015), a collection of light rock covers. She returned to the standards for Turn Up the Quiet (2017). On Love Is Here to Stay (2018) Krall and Tony Bennett…

Mönchengladbach, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies near the border with the Netherlands, west of Düsseldorf. It developed around a Benedictine monastery (founded in 972, suppressed in 1802), from which the name Mönchengladbach (“Monks’ Gladbach”) is derived, and it

Gladbeck, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies in the Ruhr industrial region. First documented in 1019, Gladbeck was a small rural village until the first coal mine was opened in 1873. Thereafter it developed rapidly, its economy resting almost exclusively on coal. It

Washington Gladden was an American Congregational minister, crusading journalist, author, and prominent early advocate of the Social Gospel movement. Gladden grew up on a farm, worked in a small-town newspaper office, and attended Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. After serving as religious

rocket and missile system: Surface-to-air: …range of 17 miles; the SA-12 Gladiator, a track-mobile replacement of Ganef; the SA-13 Gopher, a replacement for Gaskin; and the SA-14, a shoulder-fired Grail replacement. Both Grumble and Gadfly had naval equivalents, the SA-N-6 and SA-N-7. The Gladiator might have been designed with an antimissile capability, making it an…

Gladiator, American historical epic film, released in 2000, that was directed by Ridley Scott and starred Russell Crowe. It won critical accolades, large audiences, and five Academy Awards, including for best picture. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Gladiator takes

gladiator, professional combatant in ancient Rome. The gladiators originally performed at Etruscan funerals, no doubt with intent to give the dead man armed attendants in the next world; hence the fights were usually to the death. At shows in Rome these exhibitions became wildly popular and

gladiator bug, (order Mantophasmatodea), any of approximately 15 species of insects found only in certain regions of Africa, the common name of which is derived from their stout appearance and predatory behaviour. These insects have modified raptorial legs that give them the ability to grasp their

Ridley Scott: …ancient Rome with the sequel Gladiator II, starring Paul Mescal as the son of Crowe’s character from the original movie.

Robert Montgomery Bird: …his day—one of his tragedies, The Gladiator, achieved more than 1,000 performances in Bird’s lifetime—his writings are principally of interest in the 21st century to the literary historian.

Third Servile War, (73–71 bce) slave rebellion against Rome led by the gladiator Spartacus. Spartacus was a Thracian who had served in the Roman army but seems to have deserted. He was captured and subsequently sold as a slave. Destined for the arena, in 73 bce he, with a band of his fellow

gladiolus, (genus Gladiolus), genus of about 300 species of flowering plants of the iris family, native to Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean area. Several species are widely cultivated for cut flowers and as garden ornamentals. Taxonomy The flowering spike, which springs from a bulblike

gladiolus, (genus Gladiolus), genus of about 300 species of flowering plants of the iris family, native to Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean area. Several species are widely cultivated for cut flowers and as garden ornamentals. Taxonomy The flowering spike, which springs from a bulblike

gladiolus, (genus Gladiolus), genus of about 300 species of flowering plants of the iris family, native to Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean area. Several species are widely cultivated for cut flowers and as garden ornamentals. Taxonomy The flowering spike, which springs from a bulblike

gladiolus, (genus Gladiolus), genus of about 300 species of flowering plants of the iris family, native to Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean area. Several species are widely cultivated for cut flowers and as garden ornamentals. Taxonomy The flowering spike, which springs from a bulblike

gladiolus: Major species: …in Europe, including the magenta field gladiolus (G. italicus) that grows in grainfields, and the marsh gladiolus (G. palustris) of marshy areas.

gladiolus, (genus Gladiolus), genus of about 300 species of flowering plants of the iris family, native to Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean area. Several species are widely cultivated for cut flowers and as garden ornamentals. Taxonomy The flowering spike, which springs from a bulblike

military technology: The sword: …classic Roman stabbing sword, the gladius, was only some two feet long, though in the twilight years of the empire the gladius gave way to the spatha, the long slashing sword of the barbarians.

Fyodor Vasilyevich Gladkov was a Russian writer best known for Tsement (1925; Cement, 1929), the first postrevolutionary novel to dramatize Soviet industrial development. Although crudely written, this story of a Red Army fighter who returns to find his hometown in ruins and dedicates himself to

Gladstone, city, eastern Queensland, eastern Australia, on Port Curtis, an inlet of the Coral Sea. Originally settled in 1847 as a colony by the New South Wales government, it was abandoned in 1848 but was resettled by squatters in 1853. It was named for the British chancellor of the Exchequer

Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise: …applying the recommendations of the Gladstone Committee. The committee held that offenders between 16 and 21 years of age should not be subjected to the harsh punitive treatment that was administered to older, less tractable prisoners and should be given education and industrial training at a penal reformatory under the…

Herbert John Gladstone, 1st Viscount Gladstone was a British statesman and the son of William Ewart Gladstone. He was the first governor-general and high commissioner of the Union of South Africa. Educated at Eton and at University College, Oxford, Gladstone lectured on history at Keble College for

Lily Gladstone is an actress who rose to fame portraying Osage woman Mollie Burkhart in director Martin Scorsese’s true-crime drama Killers of the Flower Moon (2023). Gladstone also drew praise for her performance as a reclusive rancher in director Kelly Reichardt’s drama Certain Women (2016). In

William Ewart Gladstone was a statesman and four-time prime minister of Great Britain (1868–74, 1880–85, 1886, 1892–94). Gladstone was of purely Scottish descent. His father, John, made himself a merchant prince and was a member of Parliament (1818–27). Gladstone was sent to Eton, where he did not

Malcolm Gladwell is a Canadian journalist and writer best known for his unique perspective on popular culture. He adeptly treads the boundary between popularizer and intellectual. Gladwell’s family moved in 1969 from England to Elmira, Ontario, where his father taught at the nearby University of

Gladys Porter Zoo, zoological park in Brownsville, Texas, U.S., which has one of the world’s finest reptile collections. Opened in 1971, the 31-acre (12.5-hectare) park is owned by the city and operated by a local zoological society. It was named for one of the daughters of Earl C. Sams, a longtime

Glagolitic alphabet, script invented for the Slavic languages about 860 ce by the Eastern Orthodox Christian missionaries Constantine (later known as St. Cyril) and his brother Methodius (later St. Methodius). The two missionaries originated in Thessalonica (now Thessaloníki, Greece), on the

weather forecasting: Progress during the early 20th century: The British meteorologist Glaisher made a series of ascents by balloon during the 1860s, reaching an unprecedented height of nine kilometres. At about this time investigators on the Continent began using unmanned balloons to carry recording barographs, thermographs, and hygrographs to high altitudes. During the late 1890s meteorologists…

sword, preeminent hand weapon through a long period of history. It consists of a metal blade varying in length, breadth, and configuration but longer than a dagger and fitted with a handle or hilt usually equipped with a guard. The sword became differentiated from the dagger during the Bronze Age

alternative rock: …of slick, digitally metallicized “hair rock”—the sound of such million-selling bands as Warrant and Poison—seemed as hopelessly passé as the spandex pants worn by such bands. No matter how loudly some alternative rockers professed to despise the classic rock that preceded them, bands such as Soundgarden and Screaming Trees…

glam rock, musical movement that began in Britain in the early 1970s and celebrated the spectacle of the rock star and concert. Often dappled with glitter, male musicians took the stage in women’s makeup and clothing, adopted theatrical personas, and mounted glamorous musical productions frequently

Glomma, river, eastern Norway. Rising in a series of small lakes and streams that drain into Aursunden (lake) about 80 miles (130 km) southeast of Trondheim, near the Swedish-Norwegian border, the Glomma flows out of the lake southward through Østerdalen (Eastern Valley) to Kongsvinger, then

Glamis, castle and village in the council area and historic county of Angus, eastern Scotland. The present castle, a fine example of Scottish Baronial architecture, dates from the late 17th century, though the site is believed to have been occupied since the 11th century, when the Scottish monarch

Bret Easton Ellis: Later novels: … with The Informers (1994) and Glamorama (1998), the latter of which is a parody of celebrity culture centering on a male model who becomes involved in the world of terrorism and surveillance. By contrast, the metafictional novel Lunar Park (2005), which features a fictionalized version of Ellis as a drugged-out…

Glamorgan, historic county, southern Wales, extending inland from the Bristol Channel coast between the Rivers Loughor and Rhymney. In the north it comprises a barren upland moor dissected by narrow river valleys. Glamorgan’s southern coastal section centres on an undulating plain known as the Vale

naval warfare: The age of the guided missile: …and damaged the destroyer HMS Glamorgan (June 12), presaging more strikes from land in future maritime wars. Third, the British relearned lessons of damage control and ship survivability, while the Argentines found that aircraft armed only with unguided bombs were outclassed by ships with surface-to-air missiles. Fourth, and perhaps most…

Edward Somerset, 2nd marquess of Worcester was a prominent Royalist during the English Civil Wars. His father, Henry Somerset, 5th Earl of Worcester, advanced large sums of money to Charles I at the outbreak of the wars and was created Marquess of Worcester in 1643. In the following year, Edward

Cardiff: In 1794 the Glamorganshire Canal opened between Merthyr Tydfil and Cardiff, and in 1798 the first dock was built at the canal’s Cardiff terminus. In 1801 Cardiff’s population was only 1,870, but the town developed rapidly and continuously over the next 100 years as an exporter of coal…

Bell X-1, U.S. rocket-powered supersonic research airplane built by Bell Aircraft Corporation, the first aircraft to exceed the speed of sound in level flight. On October 14, 1947, an X-1 launched from the bomb bay of a B-29 bomber and piloted by U.S. Air Force Captain Chuck Yeager over the Mojave

John Jones was a Welsh-language satirical poet and social reformer who, under the impact of the French Revolution, produced some of the earliest Welsh political writings. Greatly influenced by the political and social essays of the American and French Revolutionary propagandist Thomas Paine, he

John Edgar Wideman: Books and teaching career: …he published his first novel, A Glance Away, about a day in the lives of a reformed drug user and a homosexual English professor. His second novel, Hurry Home (1970), is the story of an intellectual alienated from his Black ancestry and the Black community. After serving as director of…

asphaltite: …three groups: Gilsonite (or uintaite), glance pitch (or manjak), and grahamite. These substances differ from one another basically in terms of specific gravity and temperature at which they soften. Gilsonite occurs chiefly along the Colorado–Utah border, U.S.; glance pitch on Barbados and in Colombia; and grahamite in Cuba and Mexico,…

gland, cell or tissue that removes specific substances from the blood, alters or concentrates them, and then either releases them for further use or eliminates them. Typically, a gland consists of either cuboidal or columnar epithelium resting on a basement membrane and is surrounded by a plexus,

gland, cell or tissue that removes specific substances from the blood, alters or concentrates them, and then either releases them for further use or eliminates them. Typically, a gland consists of either cuboidal or columnar epithelium resting on a basement membrane and is surrounded by a plexus,

glanders, infectious disease of primarily horses, but also mules and donkeys, that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei. Humans may become infected secondarily, such as through contact with diseased animals or by inoculation while handling diseased tissues and making laboratory cultures

mononucleosis, infection in humans, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), whose most common symptoms are fever, general malaise, and sore throat. The disease occurs predominantly in persons from 10 to 35 years old, but it is known to appear at any age. Infection of young children by the EBV

Agnès Varda: …Glaneurs et la glaneuse (2000; The Gleaners and I), an intimate look at French country life; Les Plages d’Agnès (2008; The Beaches of Agnès), an account of her life; and the Academy Award-nominated Visages villages (2017; Faces Places), in which Varda and artist JR travel throughout France, photographing various people…

Tibet: Plant and animal life: …used to make food containers), glang-ma (a willow tree used for basketry), and rtsi-shings (the seeds of which are used for making varnish). Fruit-bearing trees and certain roots are used for food, as are the leaves of the lca-wa, khumag, and sre-ral, all of which grow in the low, wet…

Glans, genus of small pelecypods (clams) especially characteristic of the Miocene Epoch (between 23.7 and 5.3 million years ago). The ornamentation of the shell includes prominent ribbing that extends from the apex to the broadly expanding margin. The ribs are broken up into a nodose pattern by

human reproductive system: External genitalia: …of spongy erectile tissue, the glans clitoridis. The external opening of the urethra is some 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) behind the clitoris and immediately in front of the vaginal opening.

animal reproductive system: Adaptations for internal fertilization: …the penis terminates in a glans penis, a swelling of the corpus spongiosum that caps the ends of the corpora cavernosa and contains the urinogenital aperture. The glans is supplied with nerve endings and is partly or wholly sheathed, except during erection, by a circular fold of skin, the prepuce.…

Joseph Glanvill was an English self-styled Skeptic and apologist for the Royal Society who defended the reality of witchcraft and ghosts and the preexistence of the soul. Thereby, according to some, he initiated psychical research. Glanvill was educated at Exeter and Lincoln Colleges, Oxford, and

Joseph Glanvill was an English self-styled Skeptic and apologist for the Royal Society who defended the reality of witchcraft and ghosts and the preexistence of the soul. Thereby, according to some, he initiated psychical research. Glanvill was educated at Exeter and Lincoln Colleges, Oxford, and

Edward Boscawen: On his return he married Fanny Glanville, a noted “bluestocking” (an intellectual woman of the 18th century), whose conversation, said Samuel Johnson, was the best of any woman whom he had met.

Atlanta Falcons: …Rison, and flamboyant head coach Jerry Glanville, won 10 games in 1991 but was again met with disappointment in the postseason.

Ranulf de Glanville was the justiciar or chief minister of England (1180–89) under King Henry II who was the reputed author of the first authoritative text on the common law, Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Angliae (c. 1188; “Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of

Yiddish literature: Writers in New York: …most important Introspectivist poets were A. Leyeles (pseudonym of Aaron Glanz), Jacob Glatstein (Yankev Glatshteyn), and Y.L. (Yehuda Leyb) Teller. Influenced by current trends in modernism, they rejected the more traditional metre and rhyme of Di Yunge. In their early manifesto, published in their anthology In zikh (1920), Leyeles, Glatstein,…

vitrain, macroscopically distinguishable component, or lithotype, of coal characterized by a brilliant black, glossy lustre and composed primarily of the maceral group vitrinite, derived from the bark tissue of large plants. It occurs in narrow, sometimes markedly uniform bands that are rarely more

blood disease: Disorders of platelet function: Glanzmann thrombasthenia, an inherited disorder associated with a mild bleeding tendency, is due to a deficiency of the platelet glycoprotein IIb–IIIa, which is required for normal platelet function. Bernard-Soulier syndrome, an inherited disorder associated with a pronounced bleeding tendency, is due to a deficiency of…

clarain, macroscopically distinguishable component, or lithotype, of coal that is characterized by alternating bright and dull black laminae. The brightest layers are composed chiefly of the maceral vitrinite and the duller layers of the other maceral groups exinite and inertinite. Clarain exhibits

Henricus Glareanus was a Swiss Humanist, poet, teacher, and music theorist, known especially for his publication Dodecachordon (Basel, 1547). Crowned poet laureate by the Habsburg emperor Maximilian at Cologne (1512), Glareanus established himself briefly at Basel in 1514, where he came under the

pratincole: The common pratincole (Glareola pratincola) has reddish brown underwings and a yellowish throat outlined in black. The black-winged pratincole (G. nordmanni) of the Middle East is called locust bird in Africa, where it winters. Smaller species with less-forked tails and shorter wings are sometimes separated as…

charadriiform: Annotated classification: Family Glareolidae (pratincoles and coursers) Pratincoles short-billed, long-winged, with medium-long legs and forked tails; coursers have longer bills, shorter wings and tail, long legs. Plumage patterned in olive, brown, gray, chestnut, black, white. Legs have rectangular scales front and back. Occipital

pratincole, any of six or seven Old World shorebird species constituting the subfamily Glareolinae of the family Glareolidae, which also includes the coursers. Pratincoles are about 20 cm (8 inches) long and are brown with a white rump; the tail is forked, and the wings are long and pointed.

Glarus, town, capital of Glarus canton, eastern Switzerland, on the left bank of the Linth River, at the northeastern foot of the Glärnisch Massif (with four peaks, rising above 8,900 feet [2,700 metres]), east of Lake Lucerne (Vierwaldstätter See). In 1861 practically the entire town was destroyed

Glarus, canton, east-central Switzerland, comprising the deep, level upper valley of the Linth River, which rises in the southwest in the glaciers of the Tödi (11,857 feet [3,614 metres]), highest of the Glarus Alps, and flows north and northeast to the Walensee (lake). About 190 square miles of

Glarus Alps, segment of the Central Alps lying north of the Vorderrhein River mainly in Glarus canton of east-central Switzerland. The mountains extend east to the Rhine River and north to the Walensee (lake) and Klausen Pass. Many of the peaks are glacier-covered, including the highest, Tödi

Glarus, canton, east-central Switzerland, comprising the deep, level upper valley of the Linth River, which rises in the southwest in the glaciers of the Tödi (11,857 feet [3,614 metres]), highest of the Glarus Alps, and flows north and northeast to the Walensee (lake). About 190 square miles of

Glarus, town, capital of Glarus canton, eastern Switzerland, on the left bank of the Linth River, at the northeastern foot of the Glärnisch Massif (with four peaks, rising above 8,900 feet [2,700 metres]), east of Lake Lucerne (Vierwaldstätter See). In 1861 practically the entire town was destroyed

Glarus Alps, segment of the Central Alps lying north of the Vorderrhein River mainly in Glarus canton of east-central Switzerland. The mountains extend east to the Rhine River and north to the Walensee (lake) and Klausen Pass. Many of the peaks are glacier-covered, including the highest, Tödi

Jacques Derrida: Life and work: Glas (1974) is an experimental book printed in two columns—one containing an analysis of key concepts in the philosophy of Hegel, the other a suggestive discussion of the thief, novelist, and playwright Jean Genet. Although Derrida’s writing had always been marked by a keen interest…

John Glas was a Scottish Presbyterian clergyman denounced by his church for opposing the concept of a national religious establishment. He was the founder of the Glasites (Sandemanians, q.v.). Glas became minister of Tealing Church, Dundee, Angus, in 1719. Some of his parishioners led him to

Glasgow, city, west-central Scotland. It is situated along both banks of the River Clyde 20 miles (32 km) from that river’s mouth on the western, or Atlantic, coast. Glasgow is Scotland’s largest city, and it forms an independent council area that lies entirely within the historic county of

Donald A. Glaser was an American physicist and recipient of the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physics for his invention (1952) and development of the bubble chamber, a research instrument used in high-energy physics laboratories to observe the behaviour of subatomic particles. After graduating from Case

Donald A. Glaser was an American physicist and recipient of the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physics for his invention (1952) and development of the bubble chamber, a research instrument used in high-energy physics laboratories to observe the behaviour of subatomic particles. After graduating from Case

Donald A. Glaser was an American physicist and recipient of the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physics for his invention (1952) and development of the bubble chamber, a research instrument used in high-energy physics laboratories to observe the behaviour of subatomic particles. After graduating from Case

Louis Armstrong: Solo career: …Armstrong’s career was managed by Joe Glaser, who hired Armstrong’s bands and guided his film career (beginning with Pennies from Heaven, 1936) and radio appearances. Though his own bands usually played in a more conservative style, Armstrong was the dominant influence on the swing era, when most trumpeters attempted to…

Milton Glaser was an American graphic designer, illustrator, and cofounder of the revolutionary Pushpin Studio. Glaser graduated from Cooper Union in New York City in 1951 and studied printmaking with Giorgio Morandi in Italy in 1952–53. Glaser founded the graphic design firm Pushpin Studio in New

Ernst Jünger: …novels include Heliopolis (1949) and Gläserne Bienen (1957; The Glass Bees), a disturbing story of a jobless former soldier in an overmechanized world symbolized by artificial bees and marionettes. After 1950 Jünger lived in self-imposed isolation in West Germany while continuing to publish brooding, introspective novels and essays on various…

Arthur, village, Douglas and Moultrie counties, east-central Illinois, U.S. It lies about 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Champaign. Founded in 1873 as a railroad switching point, it was originally called Glasgow but was soon renamed for a brother of Robert Hervey, president of the Paris and Decatur

Scarborough, former city (1983–98), southeastern Ontario, Canada. In 1998 it amalgamated with the borough of East York and the cities of Etobicoke, York, North York, and Toronto to form the City of Toronto. Scarborough township (incorporated 1850) was reconstituted as a borough in 1967 and a city

Glasgow, city, west-central Scotland. It is situated along both banks of the River Clyde 20 miles (32 km) from that river’s mouth on the western, or Atlantic, coast. Glasgow is Scotland’s largest city, and it forms an independent council area that lies entirely within the historic county of

city mission: In Great Britain the Glasgow City Mission (1826) and the London City Mission (1835) both sought to evangelize and rehabilitate the urban poor. Beginning with home visitation and tract distribution by volunteer lay missionaries, the city mission movement expanded into Sunday school, day school, and temperance activities with paid…

traumatic brain injury: …moderate, and severe—based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The GCS is a 15-point scale designed to measure the patient’s ability to respond to visual, verbal, and motor stimuli after traumatic brain injury. The degree of impairment depends on the extent of damage to critical brain areas. The majority of…

Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, Viscount Northcliffe: …and merged them into the Glasgow Daily Record. He then decided to experiment with a popular national daily in London. The Daily Mail, first published on May 4, 1896, was a sensational success. Announced as “the penny newspaper for one halfpenny” and “the busy man’s daily journal,” it was exactly…

Prestwick: Prestwick’s international airport has grown because of its proximity to Glasgow and its favourable climatic conditions and has generated a significant local aerospace industry. The town also features several coastal golf courses and other leisure facilities. Pop. (2001) 15,170; (2011) 14,900.

Charles Rennie Mackintosh: …chief architectural projects were the Glasgow School of Art (1896–1909), considered the first original example of Art Nouveau architecture in Great Britain; Windyhill, Kilmacolm (1899–1901); Hill House, Helensburgh (1902); the Willow Tea Rooms, Glasgow (1904); and Scotland Street School, Glasgow (1904–06). He was also responsible for two unrealized projects: the…