John IV of Odzun was an Armenian Orthodox catholicos (supreme head of the Armenian Church), a learned theologian and jurist who strove for greater ecclesiastical autonomy for the Armenian Church and supported the movement in the Eastern Church in favour of orthodox Christological theology. With a

Gypsy Rose Lee was an American striptease artist, a witty and sophisticated entertainer who was one of the first burlesque artists to imbue a striptease with grace and style. Lee was born in January 1911 in Seattle, according to researchers who have identified her birth certificate. She celebrated

Kotka: …southeastern Finland, on two islands, Hovinsaari and Kotkansaari, at the mouth of the Kymi River on the Gulf of Finland, east-northeast of Helsinki. Kotkansaari was fortified by the Russians between 1790 and 1800, and its main fort was destroyed by a British fleet in 1855 during secondary operations of the…

Carl I. Hovland was an American psychologist who pioneered the study of social communication and the modification of attitudes and beliefs. After receiving his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1936, Hovland became a member of the Yale faculty. His early work was in experimental psychology, on

Carl I. Hovland was an American psychologist who pioneered the study of social communication and the modification of attitudes and beliefs. After receiving his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1936, Hovland became a member of the Yale faculty. His early work was in experimental psychology, on

Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda: An English translation, Duties of the Heart (1925–47; reprinted 1962), was completed by Moses Hyamson.

Sweden: Justice: …intermediate courts of appeal (hovrätter), and the Supreme Court (högsta domstolen). District courts play the dominant role. A peculiar feature of these courts is a panel of lay assessors (nämndemän), who take part in the main hearings, primarily on more serious criminal and family cases. In such cases, the…

Hövsgöl Lake, lake in northern Mongolia. With an area of 1,012 square miles (2,620 square km), it is Mongolia’s largest freshwater lake, with depths exceeding 800 feet (244 m). It lies near the Russian border at an elevation of 5,397 feet (1,645 m), at the southern foot of the east Sayan Range. The

Hövsgöl Mountains, mountain range in northern Mongolia. To the north of the mountains lies Hövsgöl Lake, Mongolia’s largest and deepest freshwater

Hövsgöl Mountains, mountain range in northern Mongolia. To the north of the mountains lies Hövsgöl Lake, Mongolia’s largest and deepest freshwater

Hövsgöl Lake, lake in northern Mongolia. With an area of 1,012 square miles (2,620 square km), it is Mongolia’s largest freshwater lake, with depths exceeding 800 feet (244 m). It lies near the Russian border at an elevation of 5,397 feet (1,645 m), at the southern foot of the east Sayan Range. The

Michael Bolton: …his own rendition of “How Am I Supposed to Live Without You.” The song he had originally written for Laura Branigan in 1983 earned him a Grammy Award in 1990 for best male pop vocal performance. That same year Bolton joined saxophonist Kenny G for a sold-out tour of…

The crystallization process begins with nucleation, the initial step where a small number of particles (that is, ions, atoms, or molecules) come together to form a stable cluster of solid material. This cluster acts as a seed for further growth. There are two types of nucleation: heterogeneous

In nature, diamonds are created deep within Earth’s mantle under extreme conditions. They form at depths exceeding 120 kilometers (75 miles) where temperatures soar and pressures are immense. Over billions of years, carbon atoms bond in a crystal structure that results in the hardest known natural

Fossils are most often formed from organisms that have a solid and resistant skeleton. Hard parts, such as bones and teeth, are more likely to survive the ravages of time compared to their softer counterparts, which tend to decompose rapidly. When an organism with such hard parts dies and is

The most common and visible way mountains are formed is through the convergence of Earth’s tectonic plates. When two lithospheric plates collide, the immense pressure causes the crust to crumple and fold, creating mountain ranges. This process, called orogeny, results in the formation of long,

Florence Welch: …when the group’s third album, How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful, debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 chart in June 2015. Three years later their success continued with High As Hope, which included the hit single “Hunger.” Also in 2018 Welch published the book Useless Magic: Lyrics and…

the Bee Gees: At the forefront of disco: …and the Grammy Award-nominated “How Can You Mend a Broken Heart” (1971), but there were several hitless years before they returned to the charts with Main Course (1975). Recorded in Miami, grounded in rhythm and blues, and typified by the chart-topping single “Jive Talkin’,” the album put the Bee…

College is awesome. It’s the ultimate chance to grow, learn, explore, and become the you that you’ll be in your adult life. And for a good number of us, what you’ll be is in debt, at least for a while. Yep, college is expensive—right up there with buying a car, and sometimes even buying a house.

As an investor, you’re typically given a choice: You can buy shares of stock, which makes you part owner of the underlying company, or you can buy bonds or other fixed-income securities, in which case you’re loaning the company money (and they’ll pay you interest). But what if you could buy a bond,

If you’re facing debt collection, then you may be concerned about how unpaid debts can affect your credit score. Debt collection is usually detrimental, but the good news is that the negative effects don’t last forever. You have options—both during and after the debt collection process—to ensure

The prospect of comprehending just how vast and deep Earth’s oceans are is a challenging one. Earth’s surface is dominated by the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern oceans, which together cover some 71 percent of the planet and whose average collective depth is 12,100 feet (3,688

Saturday Night Fever: Soundtrack: …Alive,” “Night Fever,” and “How Deep Is Your Love.” Elliman’s “If I Can’t Have You” also reached number one. The soundtrack garnered four Grammy Awards, including album of the year. Up until the release of Michael Jackson’s Thriller (1982), the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack was the best-selling album of…

In a defined benefit pension plan, funds are set aside by the employer today to pay workers later, in retirement. But the money doesn’t just sit there; it’s invested, with an eye toward earning outsize returns. Those invested funds need to grow to meet future needs, although estimating just how

Banks are financial intermediaries that collect money from people who have excess funds and use it to provide loans and financing to individuals, businesses, and governments. They also help customers conduct financial transactions, often through an affiliated broker-dealer and/or wealth management

Cloud formation, a key part of the water cycle, begins as moist air ascends into the atmosphere. This occurs because, in most climates, moist air is less dense than dry air. As the air rises, it encounters lower pressures, causing it to expand and cool. The resulting cooling process is crucial

At the core of an electric car is its battery, which stores the electrical energy needed to power the vehicle. These batteries are typically made of lithium-ion cells, similar to those found in a laptop or smartphone, but on a much larger scale. The energy stored in an electric car’s batteries

Fireflies light up summer nights using a chemical process known as bioluminescence, the key chemical players of which are the light-emitting compound luciferin and the enzyme luciferase. Luciferin, in the presence of luciferase, undergoes oxidation, resulting in the production of oxyluciferin, an

Wireless earbuds have become increasingly popular as consumers move past their wired predecessors. Such earbuds are portable speakers that fit inside people’s ears and connect to any audio-producing device (e.g., a phone or computer) using Bluetooth audio technology. Wired earbuds, by contrast, use

Ed Bullins: …production of three one-act plays: How Do You Do?; Dialect Determinism; or, The Rally; and Clara’s Ole Man. After helping to found a Black cultural organization and briefly associating with the Black Panther Party, Bullins moved to New York City.

James L. Brooks: …two Los Angeles families, and How Do You Know (2010), a story of a love triangle, which marked his fourth collaboration with Nicholson. He subsequently returned his focus to the developement and production of The Simpsons.

The Château de Chambord is an immense castle in France’s Loire River valley that boasts a treasure trove of stunning artworks and architectural wonders. One of the most impressive of these is a 16th-century double-helix staircase, located at the heart of the château, that allows visitors to ascend

Buying a home. For most of us, it’s the ultimate take-a-deep-breath purchase we’ll make—and that’s without all the complexities surrounding the mortgage. A home is such a big purchase that you’ll likely need to borrow money in order to close the deal. But how does a mortgage work? And what does it

Sound travels in waves that are essentially disturbances that move through a medium by causing particles to vibrate back and forth in the direction of the wave’s travel. Imagine a Slinky toy or a coiled spring: when you pull back one end and release it, a wave of compression and expansion of the

David Lodge: How Far Can You Go? (1980; also published as Souls & Bodies) was well received in both the United States and Britain and takes a satiric look at a group of contemporary English Catholics.

Walter Abish: How German Is It/Wie Deutsch ist es (1980), often considered Abish’s best work, is a multilayered novel about postwar Germany and its past. Other works by Abish include Duel Site (1970), a collection of poems; 99: The New Meaning (1990), a group of narratives; and…

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: …Gertrud ihre Kinder lehrt (1801; How Gertrude Teaches Her Children) contains the main principles of intellectual education: that the child’s innate faculties should be evolved and that he should learn how to think, proceeding gradually from observation to comprehension to the formation of clear ideas. Although the teaching method is…

Richard Llewellyn: …and playwright, known especially for How Green Was My Valley (1939; filmed 1941), a best-selling novel about a Welsh mining family. It was followed by Up, Into the Singing Mountain (1960), And I Shall Sleep . . . Down Where the Moon Is Small (1966), and Green, Green My Valley…

John Ford: …The Grapes of Wrath (1940), How Green Was My Valley (1941), and The Quiet Man (1952)—were of this genre. His films, whether westerns or in other genres, are notable for a turn-of-the-20th-century ideal of American masculinity—loyal, self-deprecating yet competent, dependable in a scrap, bound by duty, courtly if somewhat tongue-tied…

While many associate the modern Olympics with tradition, the quadrennial sporting event is continually changing. There’s the size of the Games: at the Athens Olympics in 1896, 241 athletes competed in 43 events, while the 2020 Tokyo Games (delayed until 2021 owing to the COVID-19 pandemic) featured

The surface of the Sun, known as the photosphere, reaches a temperature of about 5,800 kelvin (K; 10,000 degrees °F). This intense heat is what gives the Sun its glow, providing the warmth necessary for life on Earth. Deep within the Sun, the temperature in the core is 15 million kelvin (27 million

Housing inflation refers to the rising cost of living in or purchasing a home, and it’s a tricky and often misunderstood topic. Contributing to the confusion are numerous reports that measure different aspects of the housing market—home values, rent prices, and material costs, among others—with no

Henry Morton Stanley: Relief of Livingstone: How I Found Livingstone was published soon after Stanley’s arrival in England in the late summer of 1872, when the exploits of this hitherto unknown adventurer gave rise to controversy. Members of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) resented an American journalist having succeeded in relieving…

Carolyn M. Rodgers: With how i got ovah: New and Selected Poems (1975), Rodgers moved away from the stridency that marks her early work and offered mature reflections on love, family, and religion, mostly from an autobiographical perspective. Critics praised her refined voice, and the book was a finalist…

Mary-Louise Parker: …performance in the stage drama How I Learned to Drive (1997), which followed the relationship between Parker’s character, the insecure Li’l Bit, and the sexually abusive Uncle Peck (played by David Morse).

Bryan Cranston: …had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother and did voice work on the animated series Robot Chicken, SuperMansion, and Family Guy. In the Amazon crime drama Sneaky Pete—the pilot episode of which debuted in 2015, though the first season did not air until two years later—Cranston portrayed…

Richard Lester: …the wickedly satiric antiwar pieces How I Won the War (1967) and The Bed Sitting Room (1969)—were cut from the same stylistic cloth as the director’s two Beatles pictures, and the first of them was awarded the Palme d’Or at the Cannes film festival. His later films were more “mainstream”…

To understand how interest rates work, you first need to look at the two ways in which they affect you. There’s the rate you pay when you borrow money from a lender, and the interest rate you receive when you deposit money at a bank or credit union. Interest rates set by lenders cover a variety of

Only a handful of the more than 20,000 species of bees on Earth make honey, with domesticated honeybees (Apis mellifera) being the major source of the sweet liquid. Honeybees first collect nectar from flowers (and sometimes non-floral nectar sources) and store it in their “honey stomachs.” As the

The journey of silk begins with the silkworm, specifically the domesticated silkworm known as Bombyx mori. This caterpillar is raised in a process called sericulture, where it is fed mulberry leaves until it is ready to spin a cocoon. The silkworm builds the cocoon by producing and surrounding

Sugar production starts with either sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) or sugar beets (Beta vulgaris), the two primary sources of sucrose. Sucrose is found in many plants, but it occurs at concentrations high enough for economic recovery only in those two; the sugar maple tree and the date palm also

Joint ventures are collaborative business arrangements where two or more parties come together to form a new entity or partnership. The partners in the joint venture use contracts or a new corporate entity to pool resources, expertise, and capital in pursuit of a common business objective. Although

N.K. Jemisin: …collection of short stories titled How Long ’til Black Future Month? She subsequently released “Emergency Skin” (2019), in which an explorer whose people fled centuries before returns to Earth and does not find the postapocalyptic world he expected; “Emergency Skin” won the Hugo Award in 2020 for best novelette. She…

South Africa: Film: …and filmmaker Gibson Kente directed How Long (Must We Suffer…)? (1976), the first major South African film made by a Black artist. A Dry White Season (1989), based on a novel by Brink, used a largely American cast to bring the harsh reality of apartheid to an international audience. Other…

Helen Tamiris: Her best-known concert piece, How Long Brethren (1937), depicted the despair of unemployed Southern blacks and was danced to Lawrence Gellert’s “Negro Songs of Protest” sung by an African American chorus.

Anne Frank and her family hid from the Gestapo from July 6, 1942, when they entered a clandestine section of her father’s business in Amsterdam, until August 4, 1944, when their hiding place was discovered. In total Frank spent 761 days concealed in tight quarters with her family and four other

Selma March: How Long, Not Long: Selma to Montgomery: …become known as his “How Long, Not Long” speech, which culminated in his recitation of “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”:

Jennifer Johnston: Johnston’s third novel, How Many Miles to Babylon? (1974), concerns the complex and tragic friendship of two young men who are sentenced to death during World War I. Shadows on Our Skin (1977) and The Railway Station Man (1984) focus on violence in Northern Ireland, and The Old…

Stanley Fish: …Trouble with Principle (1999), and How Milton Works (2001). How to Write a Sentence: And How to Read One and Winning Arguments: What Works and Doesn’t Work in Politics, the Bedroom, the Courtroom, and the Classroom were published in 2011 and 2016, respectively.

Up until the 1990s, transactions typically closed with the ceremonial handing over of cash, coin, or check for purchased goods and services. Money, in some physical form, was always present, more or less, in the process. Although money still plays an essential role in all purchases, it now seems to

The short answer? A lot. The African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), also known as the African savanna elephant, is the largest living land animal on Earth. It can weigh between about 9,900 and 13,500 pounds (between 4,500 kg and 6,100 kg), with some males reaching up to 24,000 pounds (10,886

Maybe you’ve been renting for a while now and are thinking about buying a home. You hear advice about “building generational wealth” and not “wasting money on rent,” and it rings true. But the expenses of homeownership shouldn’t be taken lightly. There’s more to consider than how much your mortgage

If you’ve already purchased a home, good for you! Now you need to make sure you have enough money in your budget to pay for maintenance and improvements to your property. And if you’re still weighing whether to buy a home, now’s the time to consider whether your budget has enough leeway to cover

Leo Tolstoy: Fiction after 1880 of Leo Tolstoy: …zemli nuzhno” (written 1885; “How Much Land Does a Man Need”), a story that the Irish novelist James Joyce rather extravagantly praised as “the greatest story that the literature of the world knows.” For educated people, Tolstoy wrote fiction that was both realistic and highly didactic. Some of these…

Buying a franchise may be a worthwhile investment in the long run, but it will take a lot of work, and it certainly isn’t cheap. Some franchises cost more than others, but regardless of the price, you’ll need to dish out a good chunk of change—anywhere from a few grand to a few million, depending

Each new year brings with it changes to tax laws, including those governing how much you can set aside for retirement, college, and medical expenses and still take a full deduction on your tax return. And 2025 is no exception. The contribution limits for the most common tax-advantaged savings

People and all other known forms of life inhabit one very old planet. In numerical terms, the best estimate of Earth’s age so far is that it is close to 4.6 billion years old. But what does that mean exactly? If one uses a human lifetime of 75 years as a measure, the time between Earth’s formation

history of Europe: A climate of fear: …the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia: How Parliament Can Play a Revolutionary Part in the Transition to Socialism and the Role of the Popular Masses. First, communist ministers were imposed upon the existing coalition government, if possible in key posts such as the Ministry of the Interior. Then, the party gradually…

broken rhyme: …example in stanza 6 of “How Pleasant to Know Mr. Lear”:

Quincy Jones’s enormous success in the 1980s was the culmination of an extraordinary career that would continue for many more decades. A classically trained musician who grew up in Seattle, Washington, he was a gospel singer at age 12, a jazz arranger in New York City in his early 20s, and musical

If you can’t work, you aren’t bringing in the income you need to pay your bills and buy groceries. For many workers, even a short period without a paycheck can be financially devastating. Short-term disability insurance helps bridge that gap by replacing a portion of your earnings when you can’t

You may have heard about smart contracts, but what are they, exactly, and how do they work? If you’re a crypto enthusiast, you may remember that smart contracts used to be an Ethereum network thing (versus a Bitcoin thing). Now that the Bitcoin network supports smart contracts—a major leap forward

How does a company go from the wow-that’s-a-great-idea phase to the wildly successful business phase? Money, more money, and perhaps even more money—often coming from professional investors. In the world of start-ups and emerging businesses, securing funding is often a critical step toward growth

12 Contemporary Black Authors You Must Read: Terry McMillan: …novels Waiting to Exhale and How Stella Got Her Groove Back, she tapped into a previously overlooked market of readers of contemporary African American fiction. Featuring modern, relatable female protagonists looking for love and adventure, McMillan’s books spoke to the experiences of many Black women. In 2020 she published It’s…

Terry McMillan: Literary success and readership: The novel’s film version—also titled How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998)—starred Bassett, Whoopi Goldberg, and Taye Diggs and was filmed on location in Jamaica and was another box-office hit.

The financial markets have adopted T+1 settlement, reducing the number of days it takes to complete a trade to one business day (from two), effective May 28, 2024. T+1 settlement applies to stocks, bonds, municipal securities, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), some mutual funds, and any limited

For decades, investors looked at each investment opportunity as an independent entity. They analyzed companies on their own merits, not thinking about how each interacted with the financial system. Then, in 1964, William F. Sharpe introduced the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Rather than worry

Julia Alvarez: …years before her first novel, How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, was published in 1991. The book deals with growing up in a new cultural environment and includes experiences from her own life. Alvarez’s second novel, In the Time of the Butterflies (1994), is a fictional account of the…

Dr. Seuss: The Cat in the Hat, How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, and other classics of Dr. Seuss: …Cat in the Hat and How the Grinch Stole Christmas!. The former features a mischievous talking cat who entertains two bored children on a rainy day, while the latter introduces the Scrooge-like Grinch, who wants to ruin Christmas in Whoville but ultimately discovers that the holiday is more than just…

Ron Howard: Seuss’s How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), Howard directed A Beautiful Mind (2001), a biopic about Nobel Prize-winning mathematical genius John Nash (Russell Crowe) and his struggle with schizophrenia. The critically acclaimed film earned Howard an Academy Award for best director and was named best picture.…

Just So Stories: …physical characteristics, as in “How the Leopard Got His Spots.” In the stories, Kipling parodied the subject matter and style of several traditional works, such as the Buddhist Jataka tales and The Thousand and One Nights.

Steven Pinker: The sequel, How the Mind Works (1997), earned a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction. In that book, Pinker expounded a scientific method that he termed “reverse engineering.” The method, which involved analyzing human behaviour in an effort to understand how the brain developed through…

Jacob Riis: …photographer who, with his book How the Other Half Lives (1890), shocked the conscience of his readers with factual descriptions of slum conditions in New York City.

Alan Ayckbourn: …An Entertainment on Marriage (1970), How the Other Half Loves (1971), the trilogy The Norman Conquests (1973), Absurd Person Singular (1974), Intimate Exchanges (1985), Mr. A’s Amazing Maze Plays (1989), Body Language (1990), Invisible Friends (1991),

Socialist Realism: …classic Kak zakalyalas stal (1932–34; How the Steel Was Tempered), written by Nikolay Ostrovsky, an invalid who died at 32. His hero, Pavel Korchagin, wounded in the October Revolution, overcomes his health handicap to become a writer who inspires the workers of the Reconstruction. The young novelist’s passionate sincerity and…

Dambisa Moyo: In How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly—And the Stark Choices Ahead (2011), Moyo declared that Western countries such as the United States have imperiled their hard-earned prosperity by a half century of high consumption, low savings, and lack of investment in infrastructure…

How the West Was Won, American western film, released in 1962, that was a sprawling epic about the transformation of the American West in the 19th century. The story is told in five parts—“The Rivers,” “The Plains,” “The Civil War,” “The Railroad,” and “The Outlaws”—that follow several generations

Perhaps you’ve been at your job for a while, doing great work but thinking you should be better paid for your efforts. If that strikes a chord, it might be time to ask for a raise. The idea of hitting your boss up for more money may seem daunting, but getting the pay you deserve is essential to

Liu Shaoqi: Early life and career: …series of lectures called “How To Be a Good Communist.” In these talks he drew upon all his organizational experience as a labour leader and underground figure to define the demands to be made upon all party members; at this point Liu began to assume the role of chief…

Salma Hayek: …series of comedies that included How to Be a Latin Lover (2017), Beatriz at Dinner (2017), Drunk Parents (2018), and The Hummingbird Project (2018). In the action comedies The Hitman’s Bodyguard (2017) and The Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard (2021), Hayek played a woman married to an assassin. In 2023 she

Jonathan Franzen: …compiled into his fourth book, How to Be Alone (2002). The volume’s 13 essays cover topics as varied as dealing with his father’s Alzheimer disease and his thoughts on conformity and privacy. Franzen published a memoir, The Discomfort Zone, in 2006 and a translation of German dramatist Frank Wedekind’s play…

Ibram X. Kendi: Kendi also released the memoir How to Be an Antiracist in 2019. His other works include the board book Antiracist Baby (2020) and How to Raise an Antiracist (2022). Together with Keisha N. Blain, he edited Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619−2019 (2021). Kendi adapted folktales…

Philip Pullman: Other works: Among Pullman’s other works are How to Be Cool (1987), The Broken Bridge (1990), The White Mercedes (1992; reissued and adapted as the film The Butterfly Tattoo [2009]), The Firework-Maker’s Daughter (1995), The Scarecrow and the Servant (2004), and The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ

Nick Hornby: Other novels: His other novels include How to Be Good (2001), A Long Way Down (2005; film 2014), Slam (2007; film 2016), and Juliet, Naked (2009; film 2018). The latter revisits extreme fandom in the Internet age, centering on an insular online community of music fans and the reclusive rock musician…

“Generational wealth” is a relatively new term to describe something that’s been around for centuries, at least among the wealthy—estate planning. When planned and executed properly, it can boost the financial well-being of your family for generations to come. Building and maintaining generational

Federal and (depending on where you live) state incentives make installing solar panels on the roof of your house a fairly affordable, money-saving home improvement project. Not only will you reduce your monthly energy bills—perhaps even to zilch—but you may also recoup the up-front solar panel

A health care proxy, sometimes known as a health care agent or surrogate, is someone you trust to make medical decisions on your behalf when you can’t. Appointing a health care proxy requires that you set up a durable power of attorney for health care. Although many people name a health care proxy

You’ve finally set a date for your retirement. Congratulations! All those years of long-term planning and saving have paid off. You’ve cleared the retirement homestretch. Now it’s time to relax and put your money worries behind you. Right? Not quite. A solid next step is creating a retirement

Nine Inch Nails: …he formed the electronic group How to Destroy Angels, the members of which included vocalist and multi-instrumentalist Mariqueen Maandig (whom Reznor married in 2009) and British musician Atticus Ross. That band released the album Welcome Oblivion in 2013, and three years later Reznor announced that Ross was a member of…

Bono: U2: How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2004) became U2’s sixth number one album, and by 2006 the group had sold some 150 million albums over its career. With Songs of Experience (2017), its eighth number-one album, U2 became one of the few bands to have…