Ragnar Lothbrok: Inwaer (Ivar the Boneless), and Hubba (Ubbe)—who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other medieval sources, led a Viking invasion of East Anglia in 865. They may have sought to avenge Ragnar’s death, which may or may not have been murder, or they may have been claiming land to which…

Hubballi-Dharwad: Hubballi (Hubli), or Pubballi (“Old Village”), developed around the 11th-century stone temple of Aharanishankar. Notable buildings include the Mahadi Mosque, the Bhavani Shankar Temple, and the city hall. Hubballi is a trading centre with cotton mills, ginning and pressing factories, and a large newspaper industry.…

Hubballi-Dharwad, city, western Karnataka state, southwestern India. It is situated in an upland region east of the Western Ghats. Hubballi (Hubli), or Pubballi (“Old Village”), developed around the 11th-century stone temple of Aharanishankar. Notable buildings include the Mahadi Mosque, the

acid rain: History: …North America is from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, U.S., where H+ concentration in precipitation declined by about 86 percent from the mid-1960s through 2016. Similar trends were also reflected in data collected at measuring stations located across the eastern United States, which reported a decrease of…

Cal Hubbard was an American collegiate and professional gridiron football player and American League (AL) baseball umpire. He is the only person elected to the collegiate and professional football Halls of Fame (1962, 1963) as well as the Baseball Hall of Fame (1976). Hubbard was an admirer of

Elbert Hubbard was an American editor, publisher, and author of the moralistic essay “A Message to Garcia.” A freelance newspaperman and head of sales and advertising for a manufacturing company, Hubbard retired in 1892 and founded his Roycroft Press in 1893 at East Aurora, N.Y., on the model of

Elbert Hubbard was an American editor, publisher, and author of the moralistic essay “A Message to Garcia.” A freelance newspaperman and head of sales and advertising for a manufacturing company, Hubbard retired in 1892 and founded his Roycroft Press in 1893 at East Aurora, N.Y., on the model of

L. Ron Hubbard was an American novelist and founder of the Church of Scientology. Hubbard grew up in Helena, Montana, and studied at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. In the 1930s and ’40s he published short stories and novels in a variety of genres, including horror and science

L. Ron Hubbard was an American novelist and founder of the Church of Scientology. Hubbard grew up in Helena, Montana, and studied at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. In the 1930s and ’40s he published short stories and novels in a variety of genres, including horror and science

the Roots: … (Malik Abdul Basit) and bassist Hub (Leonard Hubbard), they began making a name for themselves in clubs in Philadelphia and New York City.

Cal Hubbard was an American collegiate and professional gridiron football player and American League (AL) baseball umpire. He is the only person elected to the collegiate and professional football Halls of Fame (1962, 1963) as well as the Baseball Hall of Fame (1976). Hubbard was an admirer of

Carl Hubbell was an American professional baseball (left-handed) pitcher who popularized the screwball pitch. In this pitch the ball, which is thrown with the same arm motion as a fastball, has reverse spin against the natural curve and, when thrown by a left-hander, breaks sharply down and away

Carl Hubbell was an American professional baseball (left-handed) pitcher who popularized the screwball pitch. In this pitch the ball, which is thrown with the same arm motion as a fastball, has reverse spin against the natural curve and, when thrown by a left-hander, breaks sharply down and away

Marion King Hubbert was an American geophysicist and geologist known for his theory of the migration of fluids in subsurface rock strata. He became an authority on the migration and entrapment of petroleum and the social implications of world mineral-resource exploitation. Hubbert was educated at

airport: Passenger requirements: …passengers are referred to as hubbing airports. At a hub, aircraft arrive in waves, and passengers transfer between aircraft during the periods when these waves are on the ground. By using a “hub-and-spoke” network, airlines are able to increase the load factors on aircraft and to provide more frequent departures…

galaxy: Principal schemes of classification: In The Hubble Atlas of Galaxies (1961), the American astronomer Allan R. Sandage drew on Hubble’s notes and his own research on galaxy morphology to revise the Hubble classification scheme. Some of the features of this revised scheme are subject to argument because of the findings…

Hubble constant, in cosmology, constant of proportionality in the relation between the velocities of remote galaxies and their distances. It expresses the rate at which the universe is expanding. It is denoted by the symbol H0, where the subscript denotes that the value is measured at the present

Hubble Space Telescope: The Hubble Deep Field, a photograph of about 1,500 galaxies, revealed galactic evolution over nearly the entire history of the universe. Within the solar system, the HST was also used to discover Hydra and Nix, two moons of the dwarf planet Pluto.

redshift: …basis for what is called Hubble’s law, which correlates the recessional velocity of a galaxy with its distance from Earth. That is to say, the greater the redshift manifested by light emanating from such an object, the greater the distance of the object and the larger its recessional velocity (see…

redshift: …basis for what is called Hubble’s law, which correlates the recessional velocity of a galaxy with its distance from Earth. That is to say, the greater the redshift manifested by light emanating from such an object, the greater the distance of the object and the larger its recessional velocity (see…

Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the first sophisticated optical observatory placed into orbit around Earth. Earth’s atmosphere obscures ground-based astronomers’ view of celestial objects by absorbing or distorting light rays from them. A telescope stationed in outer space is entirely above the

physical science: Astronomy: …and later increased the “Hubble age” of the universe to more than 10 billion years.

redshift: …basis for what is called Hubble’s law, which correlates the recessional velocity of a galaxy with its distance from Earth. That is to say, the greater the redshift manifested by light emanating from such an object, the greater the distance of the object and the larger its recessional velocity (see…

Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and is generally regarded as the leading observational cosmologist of the 20th century. Hubble was the son of John Powell Hubble, a businessman who worked in the insurance

Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and is generally regarded as the leading observational cosmologist of the 20th century. Hubble was the son of John Powell Hubble, a businessman who worked in the insurance

hookah, apparatus used to heat and vaporize tobacco for inhalation. The word hookah is derived from the Hindustani huqqa and the Arabic huqqah, meaning “vase” or “vessel.” The practice of smoking tobacco from a hookah likely originated in India or the Middle East. Today it is used worldwide and is

galaxy: The distance to the Andromeda Nebula: …of high-luminosity stars now called Hubble-Sandage variables, which are found in many giant galaxies. Eighty-five novae, all behaving very much like those in the Milky Way Galaxy, were also analyzed. Hubble estimated that the true occurrence rate of novae in M31 must be about 30 per year, a figure that…

Hubei, sheng (province) lying in the heart of China and forming a part of the middle basin of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). Until the reign of the great Kangxi emperor (1661–1722) of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12), Hubei and its southern neighbour Hunan formed a single province, Huguang. They

David Hunter Hubel was a Canadian American neurobiologist, corecipient with Torsten Nils Wiesel and Roger Wolcott Sperry of the 1981 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. All three scientists were honoured for their investigations of brain function, with Hubel and Wiesel sharing half of the award

Halil Mutlu is a Turkish weight lifter and world record-holder who won three consecutive Olympic gold medals (1996, 2000, and 2004). Though standing a diminutive 1.5 metres (4 feet 11 inches) and weighing 56 kg (123 pounds), the “Little Dynamo” had loomed large over the weight-lifting stage and in

Eugen Huber was a Swiss jurist and author of the Swiss civil code of 1912. In 1880 Huber became a professor of Swiss civil and federal law and legal history at Basel, and later (1888) he became a professor of German civil and state law at Halle. In 1892 he was commissioned to develop a Swiss civil

Robert Huber is a German biochemist who, along with Johann Deisenhofer and Hartmut Michel, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the structure of a protein complex that is essential to photosynthesis in bacteria. Huber received his doctorate from the Munich

Wolf Huber was an Austrian painter, draftsman, and printmaker who was one of the principal artists associated with the Danube school of landscape painting. After 1509 Huber’s career was centred in Passau, Ger., where he was court painter to the prince-bishop. Among his important paintings was the

Barbara Liskov is an American computer scientist who won the 2008 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, for her “pioneering work in the design of computer programming languages.” After she earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics in 1961 from the University of California,

Liège: Hubert transferred his see there in 721.

construction: Postwar developments in long-span construction: …in Pontiac, Michigan, and the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (1982) in Minneapolis. Air-supported structures are perhaps the most cost-effective type of structure for very long spans.

Hubert Walter was an archbishop of Canterbury, papal legate, justiciar of King Richard I of England, and chancellor of King John of England. Hubert was an administrator whose position in church and state was unmatched until the time of Cardinal Wolsey in the 16th century. Employed in the household

ritual: Sacrificial: …Functions), by the French sociologists Henri Hubert and Marcel Mauss, who differentiated between sacrifice and rituals of oblation, offering, and consecration. This does not mean that sacrificial rituals do not at times have elements of consecration, offering, or oblation but these are not the distinctive characteristics of sacrificial ritual. Its…

Peace of Hubertusburg, (1763) treaty between Prussia and Austria ending the Seven Years’ War in Germany. Signed five days after the Treaty of Paris, it guaranteed that Frederick II the Great maintained his possession of Silesia and confirmed Prussia’s stature as a major European

Peace of Hubertusburg, (1763) treaty between Prussia and Austria ending the Seven Years’ War in Germany. Signed five days after the Treaty of Paris, it guaranteed that Frederick II the Great maintained his possession of Silesia and confirmed Prussia’s stature as a major European

Adam Sandler: In 2020 Sandler starred in Hubie Halloween, about a man trying to save the October holiday. He later was praised for his portrayal of a basketball scout in the sports drama Hustle (2022).

Yo La Tengo: ), drummer Georgia Hubley (b. February 25, 1960, New York), and bassist (from 1992) James McNew (b. July 6, 1969, Baltimore, Maryland).

animation: Animation in Europe: John Hubley, an animator who worked for Disney studios on Snow White, Pinocchio, and Fantasia, left the Disney organization in 1941 and joined the independent animation company United Productions of America in 1945. Working in a radically simplified style, without the depth effects and shading…

Hubballi-Dharwad, city, western Karnataka state, southwestern India. It is situated in an upland region east of the Western Ghats. Hubballi (Hubli), or Pubballi (“Old Village”), developed around the 11th-century stone temple of Aharanishankar. Notable buildings include the Mahadi Mosque, the

bindi: …Hungarian-Indian artist Amrita Sher-Gil, actress Shanta Hublikar, and Maharani Gayatri Devi. The first stick-on bindis were introduced about mid-century, and liquid kumkum was marketed in the 1980s. Neither of these applications, however, so thoroughly replaced powder as did maroon felt stickers, which had come on the market by the late…

Balthasar Hubmaier was an early German Reformation figure and leader of the Anabaptists, a movement that advocated adult baptism. Hubmaier received a doctor of theology degree after studies at the universities at Freiburg and Ingolstadt, and he was appointed cathedral preacher at Regensburg in

encyclopaedia: Encyclopaedic dictionaries: …Philipp Balthasar Sinold von Schütz’s Reales Staats- und Zeitungs-Lexicon (“Lexicon of Government and News”) concentrated on geography, theology, politics, and contemporary history and had to be supplemented by the German economist Paul Jacob Marperger’s Curieuses Natur-, Kunst-, Berg-, Gewerk-, und Handlungslexikon (1712; “Curious Natural, Artistic, Mining, Craft, and Commercial Encyclopaedia”),…

hübnerite, manganese-rich variety of the mineral wolframite

hubris, in ancient Athens, the intentional use of violence to humiliate or degrade. The word’s connotation changed over time, and hubris came to be defined as overweening presumption that leads a person to disregard the divinely fixed limits on human action in an ordered cosmos. The most-famous

Indo-European languages: Sanskrit studies and their impact: …in 1877 another German philologist, Heinrich Hübschmann, showed that Armenian was an independent branch of Indo-European, rather than a member of the Iranian subbranch. Since then the Indo-European family has been enlarged by the discovery of Tocharian languages and of Hittite and the other Anatolian languages and by the recognition,…

Hövsgöl Lake, lake in northern Mongolia. With an area of 1,012 square miles (2,620 square km), it is Mongolia’s largest freshwater lake, with depths exceeding 800 feet (244 m). It lies near the Russian border at an elevation of 5,397 feet (1,645 m), at the southern foot of the east Sayan Range. The

Evariste Régis Huc was a French missionary of the Vincentian (Lazarist) order whose account of his journey through China and Tibet provides a vivid picture of China on the verge of modern times. Sent by his order to Macau (1839), he lived in South China, Beijing, and Heishui (now in Inner Mongolia

Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR), the oldest Jewish seminary in the United States for the training of rabbis, long a stronghold of American Reform Judaism. It was founded as the Hebrew Union College in 1875 at Cincinnati, Ohio, by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, and it later

Hucbald was a medieval French musical theorist, scholar, and humanist. Hucbald was a pupil of his uncle, the scholar Milo of Saint-Amand; mention of him is found at Nevers, Saint-Amand, Saint-Omer, and Reims. Hucbald was an abbot and apparently spent his life teaching. His treatise De harmonica

Yuki: …River and its tributaries; the Huchnom of Redwood Valley to the west; the Coast Yuki, who were distributed farther westward along the redwood coast; and the Wappo, who occupied an enclave among the Pomo, some 40 miles (65 km) southward in the Russian River valley.

Robert Coover: Books: …Origin of the Brunists, and Huck Out West (2017), which centers on Mark Twain’s classic fictional characters Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. In 2021 Coover published Street Cop, a short novel with a dystopian theme, featuring illustrations by Art Spiegelman.

Mike Huckabee is an American politician who served as governor of Arkansas (1996–2007) and who unsuccessfully ran for the 2008 and 2016 Republican U.S. presidential nomination. In 2024 President-elect Donald Trump picked Huckabee to serve as U.S. ambassador to Israel in his upcoming administration.

Mike Huckabee is an American politician who served as governor of Arkansas (1996–2007) and who unsuccessfully ran for the 2008 and 2016 Republican U.S. presidential nomination. In 2024 President-elect Donald Trump picked Huckabee to serve as U.S. ambassador to Israel in his upcoming administration.

Old Roman chant: Helmut Hucke of Frankfurt University maintained that the Old Roman chant was the Roman rendition of Gregorian chant and that the latter originated in the Frankish kingdom with the introduction of the Roman liturgy during the empire of Pippin and Charlemagne. Hucke’s position was supported…

hydrocarbon: Annulenes and the Hückel rule: Insight into the requirements for aromaticity were provided by German physicist Erich Hückel in 1931. Limiting his analysis to planar, monocyclic, completely conjugated polyenes, Hückel calculated that compounds of this type are aromatic if they contain 4n + 2 π electrons, where n…

hydrocarbon: Annulenes and the Hückel rule: Insight into the requirements for aromaticity were provided by German physicist Erich Hückel in 1931. Limiting his analysis to planar, monocyclic, completely conjugated polyenes, Hückel calculated that compounds of this type are aromatic if they contain 4n + 2 π electrons, where n…

liquid: Solutions of electrolytes: …Dutch-born American physical chemist, and Erich Hückel, a German chemist, relates γ± to the ionic strength, which is the sum of the products of the concentration of each ion (in moles per litre) and the square of its charge; the equation predicts that γ± decreases with rising ionic strength in…

huckleberry, any of several species of small fruit-bearing shrubs of the genus Gaylussacia (family Ericaceae). The plants are found throughout eastern North America and the Andes and other mountainous regions of South America. Huckleberry fruits are edible and resemble blueberries (Vaccinium

Norman Taurog: Early comedies and family films: …to become stars, Taurog directed Huckleberry Finn (both 1931), a clunky version of Mark Twain’s classic novel; Junior Durkin and Jackie Coogan, who had played Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer, respectively, in John Cromwell’s Tom Sawyer (1930), reprised their roles here. Sooky, Taurog’s fifth feature film of 1931, was a

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, novel by Mark Twain, published in the United Kingdom in 1884 and in the United States in 1885. The book’s narrator is Huckleberry Finn, a youngster whose artless vernacular speech is admirably adapted to detailed and poetic descriptions of scenes, vivid

Jack Conway: The 1940s: …a standard wartime romance, but The Hucksters (both 1947) was a satirical drama in which Gable starred as a no-nonsense advertising executive, with Deborah Kerr as his object of desire and Sydney Greenstreet as a loathsome client. Finally, there was Julia Misbehaves (1948), a playful comedy with Pidgeon and Greer…

augmented reality: …were almost certainly the “heads-up-displays” (HUDs) used in military airplanes and tanks, in which instrument panel-type information is projected onto the same cockpit canopy or viewfinder through which a crew member sees the external surroundings. Faster computer processors have made it feasible to combine such data displays with real-time…

Hud, America film drama, released in 1963, that presented a raw and contemporary take on the western and featured Paul Newman as perhaps the most unsympathetic character he ever played. The movie—based on Larry McMurtry’s novel Horseman, Pass By (1961)—centres on Hud Bannon (played by Newman), a

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for carrying out government housing and community development programs. Established in 1965 under Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson, it ensures equal access to housing and community-based

Pact of Al-Ḥudaybiyah, (628), compromise that was reached between Muḥammad and Meccan leaders, in which Mecca gave political and religious recognition to the growing community of Muslims in Medina. Muḥammad had been approaching Mecca with approximately 1,400 followers in order to perform the ʿumrah

Pact of Al-Ḥudaybiyah, (628), compromise that was reached between Muḥammad and Meccan leaders, in which Mecca gave political and religious recognition to the growing community of Muslims in Medina. Muḥammad had been approaching Mecca with approximately 1,400 followers in order to perform the ʿumrah

Hodeidah, city, western Yemen. It is situated on the Tihāmah coastal plain that borders the Red Sea. It is one of the country’s chief ports and has modern facilities. Hodeidah, first mentioned in Islamic chronicles in 1454/55, became important in the 1520s when the Yemeni Tihāmah was taken by the

Islamic arts: The relation of music to poetry and dance: Musically, these elegies resembled the ḥudāʾ (“caravan song”), possibly used by camel drivers as a charm against the desert spirits, or jinn.

Johan van Waveren Hudde was a Dutch mathematician and statesman who promoted Cartesian geometry and philosophy in Holland and contributed to the theory of equations. Born of a patrician family, Hudde served for some 30 years as burgomaster of Amsterdam. In his De reductione aequationum (1713;

Huddersfield, town and urban area (from 2011 built-up area), Kirklees metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. It lies in the valley of the River Colne 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Leeds. Huddersfield grew in the 18th century from

Harold Wagstaff: …a member of the noted Huddersfield team of 1914–15.

penguin: Reproduction: …in tightly packed crowds called huddles.

pottery: 18th-century developments: …the finest, perhaps, a mounted Hudibras in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Many of these figures are attributed to the modeller Jean Voyez, who was much influenced by the work of Paul-Louis Cyfflé at Lunéville (see above France and Belgium). Ralph Wood I is also noted for the typical English…

Hudibras, satiric poem by Samuel Butler, published in several parts beginning in 1663. The immediate success of the first part resulted in a spurious second part’s appearing within the year; the authentic second part was published in 1664. The two parts, plus “The Heroical Epistle of Hudibras to

Hūdid Dynasty, Muslim Arab dynasty that ruled Saragossa, Spain, in the 11th century during the politically confused period of the party kingdoms (ṭāʾifahs). The murder of the Tujībid king Mundhir II, in 1039, enabled one of his allies, Sulaymān ibn Muḥammad ibn Hūd, known as al-Mustaʿīn, to seize

Thomas Hudner was an American naval officer who, in an act of bravery that would be recognized with the first Medal of Honor of the Korean War, risked his life to rescue his friend and fellow pilot, Jesse L. Brown. Hudner and Brown’s story was the subject of the 2022 film Devotion. Hudner grew up

Thomas Hudner was an American naval officer who, in an act of bravery that would be recognized with the first Medal of Honor of the Korean War, risked his life to rescue his friend and fellow pilot, Jesse L. Brown. Hudner and Brown’s story was the subject of the 2022 film Devotion. Hudner grew up

Hudson, city, seat (1786) of Columbia county, southeastern New York, U.S., on the east bank of the Hudson River, 34 miles (55 km) south of Albany. In 1662 a Dutch settler, Jan Frans van Hoesen, purchased the tract from the Mahican (Mohican) Indians; it was called Klauver Rachen (Clover Reach) and

Hudson, county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It constitutes a low-lying coastal region bounded by the Hackensack and Passaic rivers to the west, Newark Bay to the southwest, Kill Van Kull to the south, and Upper New York Bay and the Hudson River to the east. Although timberland is scarce, oak and

Hudson Bay, inland sea indenting east-central Canada. With an area of 316,000 square miles (819,000 square km), it is bounded by Nunavut territory (north and west), Manitoba and Ontario (south), and Quebec (east). It is connected with the Atlantic Ocean via the Hudson Strait (northeast) and with

Hudson Bay Lowland, a wetland area of Canada that covers about 320,000 square km (123,553 square miles) on the southern shores of Hudson Bay and James Bay, surrounded by the Canadian Shield. It falls largely in Ontario and Manitoba, with a small extension into Quebec. It is part of a sedimentary

marten: The American marten (M. americana) is a North American species that inhabits northern wooded regions from Alaska to Newfoundland and Labrador. It is also called the pine marten. Its fur is sometimes sold as American, or Hudson Bay, sable. Its adult length is 35–43 cm (14–17…

Hudson Canyon, large submarine canyon incised into the Atlantic continental slope and outer shelf off New York Harbor, U.S. A shallow shelf channel, Hudson Channel, trends south-southeastward from the mouth of Hudson River to the head of the canyon on the outer shelf, where the water is 300 ft (90

Hudson River, river in New York state, U.S. It flows almost entirely within the state, the exception being its final segment, where it forms the boundary between New York and New Jersey for 21 miles (34 km). The Hudson originates in several small postglacial lakes in the Adirondack Mountains near

Edith Wharton: …novels are Twilight Sleep (1927), Hudson River Bracketed (1929), and its sequel, The Gods Arrive (1932). Her autobiography, A Backward Glance, appeared in 1934. In all Wharton published more than 50 books, including fiction, short stories, travel books, historical novels, and criticism.

Hudson River school, large group of American landscape painters of several generations who worked between about 1825 and 1870. The name, applied retrospectively, refers to a similarity of intent rather than to a geographic location, though many of the older members of the group drew inspiration

Hudson Strait, arm of the Atlantic Ocean between Baffin Island (Nunavut) and northern Quebec, Canada, linking Hudson Bay and Foxe Basin with the Labrador Sea. It is about 500 miles (800 km) long and 40–150 miles (65–240 km) wide and has a maximum depth of 3,090 feet (942 metres). Salisbury and

Hudson’s Bay Company, corporation that occupies a prominent place in both the economic and the political history of Canada. It was incorporated in England on May 2, 1670, to seek a northwest passage to the Pacific, to occupy the lands adjacent to Hudson Bay, and to carry on any commerce with those

Christie Brinkley is an American model and actress who gained fame for appearing on hundreds of magazine covers, notably a series of Sports Illustrated (SI) swimsuit issues. She represented a new generation of celebrity models who were photographed more often in sportswear than in couture fashions.

Ghostbusters: Plot and characters: …fourth ghostbuster, Winston Zeddmore (Ernie Hudson). But the Ghostbusters’ success is complicated by a pesky Environmental Protection Agency official (William Atherton), who believes that the Ghostbusters’ spectral storage facility poses an environmental risk to the city. He succeeds in ordering a shutdown of the Ghostbusters’ protection grid, which results…

Bob Dylan: Dylan goes electric: …Richard Manuel on piano, and Garth Hudson on organ and saxophone), Dylan toured incessantly in 1965 and 1966, always playing to sold-out, agitated audiences. On November 22, 1965, Dylan married Sara Lowndes. They split their time between a townhouse in Greenwich Village and a country estate in Woodstock, New York.

George Hudson was an English financier, known as the “railway king,” whose enterprise made York a major railway and commercial hub. Having risen from an apprenticeship in the drapery business to partnership in the firm, he began his railroad activities in 1827 by investing a £30,000 bequest in

Henry Hudson was an English navigator and explorer who, sailing three times for the English (1607, 1608, 1610–11) and once for the Dutch (1609), tried to discover a short route from Europe to Asia through the Arctic Ocean, in both the Old World and the New. A river, a strait, and a bay in North

Chariots of Fire: Chariots of Fire was director Hugh Hudson’s first feature film. The soundtrack, by Vangelis, became iconic, being used as theme music for sporting events as well as in countless films, TV shows, and commercials.

Jennifer Hudson is an American actress and singer who first garnered attention on the reality television show American Idol and later earned acclaim for her music and acting. She accomplished the rare feat of winning the four major North American entertainment awards (EGOT: Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and