- Ḥamās (Palestinian nationalist movement)
Hamas, militant Palestinian nationalist and Islamist movement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip that is dedicated to the establishment of an independent Islamic state in historical Palestine. Founded in 1987, Hamas opposed the secular approach of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to the
- Hamas (Palestinian nationalist movement)
Hamas, militant Palestinian nationalist and Islamist movement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip that is dedicated to the establishment of an independent Islamic state in historical Palestine. Founded in 1987, Hamas opposed the secular approach of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to the
- Hamas: At a Glance
Hamas is a militant group in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank that was founded in 1987 at the beginning of the Palestinian intifada (uprising). It was organized by members of the Muslim Brotherhood and religious factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) under the spiritual leadership
- Ḥamāsah (Arabic literature)
Ḥamāsah, an Arabic anthology compiled by the poet Abū Tammām in the 9th century. It is so called from the title of its first book, which contains poems descriptive of fortitude in battle, patient endurance of calamity, steadfastness in seeking vengeance, and constancy under reproach and in
- Hamaspathmaēdaya (Zoroastrianism)
Gahanbar: …Gatha days of the year, Hamaspathmaēdaya (a festival for the dead).
- Hamath, Battle of (Egypt-Babylonia)
Nebuchadnezzar II: …Egyptian army at Carchemish and Hamath, thereby securing control of all Syria. After his father’s death on August 16, 605, Nebuchadnezzar returned to Babylon and ascended the throne within three weeks. This rapid consolidation of his accession and the fact that he could return to Syria shortly afterward reflected his…
- Hamazasp Mamikonian (Armenian governor)
Armenia: The Mamikonians and Bagratids: Theodor’s successor, Hamazasp Mamikonian, sided with Byzantium, but after 661 Arab suzerainty was reestablished, although Byzantine-Arab rivalry, Armenian resistance, and reluctance to pay the tribute made the region difficult to govern. An unsuccessful revolt led by Mushegh Mamikonian (771–772) resulted in the virtual extinction of the Mamikonians…
- hamāzor (Parsiism)
Nowruz: Practice of Nowruz: …another with the rite of hamāzor, in which one’s right hand is passed between the palms of another. Words of greeting and good wishes are then exchanged.
- Hambach Castle (castle, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)
Germany: Reform and reaction: …meeting of southern radicals at Hambach Castle in the Palatinate (May 1832), moreover, called for national unification, republican government, and popular sovereignty. A group of militant students even launched a foolhardy attempt to seize the city of Frankfurt am Main, dissolve the federal Diet, and proclaim a German republic. The…
- Hambantota port (port, Sri Lanka)
Hambantota port, inland port on Sri Lanka’s southern coast near the town of Hambantota. The port, which was intended to become a major hub in global shipping routes, came to represent the financial mismanagement and corruption of Sri Lankan Pres. Mahinda Rajapaksa and his family, who were removed
- Hambledon Club (British sports organization)
cricket: The early years: The aforementioned Hambledon Club, playing in Hampshire on Broadhalfpenny Down, was the predominant cricket force in the second half of the 18th century before the rise of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. Formed from a cricket club that played at White Conduit Fields, the club…
- Hambleton (district, England, United Kingdom)
Hambleton, district, administrative county of North Yorkshire, northern England, historic county of Yorkshire. Northallerton, the largest town, is the administrative centre. It includes part of the Cleveland Hills, whose southern extension is known as the Hambleton Hills, from which the district
- Hambletonian (American racehorse)
Hambletonian, (foaled 1849), American harness racehorse (Standardbred) that was the ancestor of most present-day harness racers. The thrice inbred great-grandson of Messenger (foundation sire of the breed of Standardbreds), he was the son of Abdallah out of a crippled mare. His original owner sold
- Hambletonian 10 (American racehorse)
Hambletonian, (foaled 1849), American harness racehorse (Standardbred) that was the ancestor of most present-day harness racers. The thrice inbred great-grandson of Messenger (foundation sire of the breed of Standardbreds), he was the son of Abdallah out of a crippled mare. His original owner sold
- Hambletonian Hills (hills, England, United Kingdom)
Hambleton: …extension is known as the Hambleton Hills, from which the district takes its name. The hills form the west-facing escarpment of the North York Moors, which rise to more than 1,000 feet (305 metres) and flank the fertile lowland corridor—10 to 15 miles (16 to 24 km) wide—of the Vales…
- Hambletonian Stakes (horse race)
Hambletonian Stakes, annual American horse race for three-year-old trotters, one of harness racing’s most widely known events. The Hambletonian was first held in 1926 at Syracuse, New York. It was later moved to Goshen, New York, in 1957 to Du Quoin, Illinois, and in 1981 to Meadowlands (New
- Hambletonian Trot (horse race)
Hambletonian Stakes, annual American horse race for three-year-old trotters, one of harness racing’s most widely known events. The Hambletonian was first held in 1926 at Syracuse, New York. It was later moved to Goshen, New York, in 1957 to Du Quoin, Illinois, and in 1981 to Meadowlands (New
- hambo (dance)
polska: The lively and very popular hambo is a 19th-century offshoot of the gammal polska. The Norwegian dance analogous to the Swedish polska is the pols.
- Hambone and Hillie (film by Watts)
Lillian Gish: Comedians (1967), A Wedding (1978), Hambone and Hillie (1984), Sweet Liberty (1986), and her final film, The Whales of August (1987), with Bette Davis. She also appeared on television in a number of distinguished dramatic presentations, most notably in Arsenic and Old Lace with Helen Hayes in 1969. Her autobiographical…
- Hamburg (South Carolina, United States)
Aiken: In 1848 Hamburg (near present-day North Augusta), across the Savannah River from Augusta, Georgia, was a centre of the slave trade, which was banned in Georgia. Aiken county was established in 1871 and named for the politician and railroad executive William Aiken. Race riots in Hamburg and…
- Hamburg (Germany)
Hamburg, city and Land (state), located on the Elbe River in northern Germany. It is the country’s largest port and commercial centre. The Free and Hanseatic City (Freie und Hansestadt) of Hamburg is the second smallest of the 16 Länder of Germany, with a territory of only 292 square miles (755
- Hamburg Art Gallery (art gallery, Hamburg, Germany)
Hamburg Art Gallery, art gallery in Hamburg, founded in 1850, with paintings and sculptures of all periods, drawings (notably by German Romantics), prints, coins, and medals. The collection of paintings is strongest in works of the later 19th and the 20th centuries. The building that originally
- Hamburg Ballet (German dance company)
John Neumeier: …he moved (1973) to the Hamburg Ballet, where he became artistic director and chief choreographer. In addition, Neumeier was made the general manager of the Hamburg State Opera in 1996.
- Hamburg Dramaturgy (work by Lessing)
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing: Rising reputation as dramatist and critic.: …drama, under the title of Hamburgische Dramaturgie (1767–69). Here, too, Lessing argued against tragedy modeled on that of Corneille and Voltaire, although he praised the realism of the contemporary French writer Denis Diderot’s descriptions of middle-class life. Lessing interpreted Aristotle’s concept of tragic catharsis (purging) as meaning the emotional release…
- Hamburg Hall of the Arts (art gallery, Hamburg, Germany)
Hamburg Art Gallery, art gallery in Hamburg, founded in 1850, with paintings and sculptures of all periods, drawings (notably by German Romantics), prints, coins, and medals. The collection of paintings is strongest in works of the later 19th and the 20th centuries. The building that originally
- Hamburg National Theatre (theater, Germany)
theatre: Developments in northern Europe: …establishment in 1767 of the Hamburg National Theatre, the first noncommercial public theatre, subsidized by a group of rich citizens. This marked the beginning of a movement that gained force during the next decade and can be found even today in East German theatre. The prevailing attitude was that theatre…
- Hamburg Opera (opera company, Hamburg, Germany)
Hamburg: Cultural life: The Hamburg Staatsoper, which dates from 1678, has won world renown. Its performances of classical and contemporary works bear comparison with those given by the great opera houses of Vienna, Milan, London, and New York City. The Deutsche Schauspielhaus, a leading theatre, enjoyed a particularly high…
- Hamburg Staatsoper (opera company, Hamburg, Germany)
Hamburg: Cultural life: The Hamburg Staatsoper, which dates from 1678, has won world renown. Its performances of classical and contemporary works bear comparison with those given by the great opera houses of Vienna, Milan, London, and New York City. The Deutsche Schauspielhaus, a leading theatre, enjoyed a particularly high…
- hamburg steak (food)
hamburger, ground beef. The term is applied variously to (1) a patty of ground beef, sometimes called hamburg steak, Salisbury steak, or Vienna steak, (2) a sandwich consisting of a patty of ground beef served within a split bread roll, with various garnishes, or (3) the ground beef itself, which
- Hamburg Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (physics laboratory, Hamburg, Germany)
DESY: … and ultraviolet wavelengths) for the Hamburg Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (HASYLAB). HASYLAB is a national user research facility administered within DESY that invites scientists to explore the applications of synchrotron-radiation research in molecular biology, materials science, chemistry, geophysics, and medicine.
- Hamburg University (university, Hamburg, Germany)
Hamburg: Education: The Universität Hamburg, founded in 1919, is one of the largest in Germany, with some 46,000 students and faculties covering virtually every discipline except certain technological subjects. A second university, the Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, began classes in 1982. Hamburg also has state schools for music and…
- Hamburg uprising (German history [1923])
Weimar Republic: Threats of disintegration and civil war: The Hamburg rising was put down by the police, and the Reich government threatened drastic action if the Bavarian authorities did not fall into line. In a last effort to force the hand of the Bavarian government, Hitler attempted to stage a putsch in Munich on…
- Hamburg, Treaty of (1701)
Mecklenburg: …was permanently divided by the Treaty of Hamburg (1701). Most of the territory went to Mecklenburg-Schwerin, while Mecklenburg-Strelitz comprised the principality of Ratzeburg in the northwest and the lordship of Stargard in the southeast. In 1808 both duchies joined the Confederation of the Rhine set up by Napoleon I; the…
- Hamburg, Treaty of (1641)
history of Europe: The European war in Germany, 1635–45: By the terms of the Treaty of Hamburg (March 15, 1641), the two sides promised not to make a separate peace. Instead, joint negotiations with the emperor and the German princes for the satisfaction of the allies’ claims were to begin in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. And,…
- Hamburg, University of (university, Hamburg, Germany)
Hamburg: Education: The Universität Hamburg, founded in 1919, is one of the largest in Germany, with some 46,000 students and faculties covering virtually every discipline except certain technological subjects. A second university, the Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, began classes in 1982. Hamburg also has state schools for music and…
- hamburger (food)
hamburger, ground beef. The term is applied variously to (1) a patty of ground beef, sometimes called hamburg steak, Salisbury steak, or Vienna steak, (2) a sandwich consisting of a patty of ground beef served within a split bread roll, with various garnishes, or (3) the ground beef itself, which
- Hamburger Hill (film by Irvin [1987])
Don Cheadle: …the realistic Vietnam War film Hamburger Hill (1987), which deliberately cast unfamiliar faces, and he played a gang leader in the police thriller Colors (1988), directed by Dennis Hopper. Cheadle was cast in the short-lived sitcom The Golden Palace (1992–93), and from 1993 to 1995 he played an earnest district…
- Hamburger Kunsthalle (art gallery, Hamburg, Germany)
Hamburg Art Gallery, art gallery in Hamburg, founded in 1850, with paintings and sculptures of all periods, drawings (notably by German Romantics), prints, coins, and medals. The collection of paintings is strongest in works of the later 19th and the 20th centuries. The building that originally
- Hamburgian culture (anthropology)
history of the Low Countries: Upper Paleolithic (35,000–10,000 bp): …sites from sites of the Hamburgian tradition (emanating from western Germany) in the northern Netherlands. The latter included reindeer-hunting peoples who were the first colonists of the North European Plain at the end of the last (Weichsel) ice age. Later cultural traditions (including the Federmesser, Creswellian, and Ahrensburgian) formed the…
- Hamburgische Dramaturgie (work by Lessing)
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing: Rising reputation as dramatist and critic.: …drama, under the title of Hamburgische Dramaturgie (1767–69). Here, too, Lessing argued against tragedy modeled on that of Corneille and Voltaire, although he praised the realism of the contemporary French writer Denis Diderot’s descriptions of middle-class life. Lessing interpreted Aristotle’s concept of tragic catharsis (purging) as meaning the emotional release…
- Hamburgische Geschichte, Museum für (museum, Hamburg, Germany)
Hamburg: Cultural life: The Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, which has grown from a collection of local antiquities started in 1839, contains a wide range of exhibits, from costumes to parts of old buildings and from architect’s drawings to models of ships, shown in such a way as to present…
- hamd (plant)
Arabia: Plant life: The leaves of varieties called hamd have enough salinity to satisfy the camel’s need for salt. The tough perennials are as essential to life as the tender annuals nourished by the rains of winter and spring. The rains also assist in growing the truffle, which the Bedouin dig out of…
- Ḥamḍ, Wadi Al- (river, Saudi Arabia)
Arabia: The Hejaz and Asir: Wadi Al-Ḥamḍ, an intermittent river drawing water from the Medina Basin on the inner side of the escarpment, breaks through the mountains to reach the Red Sea. Another pass leads to Mecca and Al-Ṭāʾif in the highlands. The mountains become higher again in Asir, where…
- Hamdallah, Rami (Palestinian government official)
Rami Hamdallah is a Palestinian educator and university administrator who served as prime minister (2013; 2014–19) of the Palestinian Authority (PA). He resigned in January 2019 but remained in a caretaker position until March, when a replacement was appointed. Hamdallah was born and raised in the
- Ḥamdān ibn Ḥamdūn (Arab leader)
Ḥamdānid Dynasty: Ḥamdān ibn Ḥamdūn brought the family, already well established in Al-Jazīrah, to political prominence by taking part in uprisings against the ʿAbbāsid caliph late in the 9th century. His sons, however, became ʿAbbāsid officials, al-Ḥusayn serving as a military commander and Abū al-Hayjāʾ ʿAbd Allāh…
- Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ (Islamic leader)
Qarmatian: …centuries, taking their name from Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ, who led the sect in southern Iraq in the second half of the 9th century. The Qarmatians became notorious for an insurrection in Syria and Iraq in 903–906 and for the exploits of two Bahraini leaders, Abū Saʿīd al-Jannābī and his son and…
- Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (law case)
Samuel A. Alito, Jr.: …detention camp in Cuba (Hamdan v. Rumsfeld [2006]); in disputing the constitutionality and interpretation of Obama’s 2010 Affordable Care Act (National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius [2012] and King v. Burwell [2015]); in asserting that the Constitution does not require states to make marriage
- Hamdānī, al- (Arab author)
al-Hamdānī was an Arab geographer, poet, grammarian, historian, and astronomer whose chief fame derives from his authoritative writings on South Arabian history and geography. From his literary production, al-Hamdānī was known as the “tongue of South Arabia.” Most of al-Hamdānī’s life was spent in
- Ḥamdānid Dynasty (Muslim Arab dynasty)
Ḥamdānid Dynasty, Muslim Arab dynasty of northern Iraq (Al-Jazīrah) and Syria (905–1004) whose members were renowned as brilliant warriors and as great patrons of Arabic poets and scholars. Ḥamdān ibn Ḥamdūn brought the family, already well established in Al-Jazīrah, to political prominence by
- Hamden (Connecticut, United States)
Hamden, urban town (township), New Haven county, southwestern Connecticut, U.S. It lies immediately north of the city of New Haven. The area, which was settled in 1664, was named for John Hampden, an English parliamentarian. It was separated from New Haven and incorporated as a town in 1786. Eli
- Hamdi Bey, Osman (Turkish statesman)
Osman Hamdi Bey was an Ottoman statesman, painter, and art expert who put forth legislation aimed at regulating finds made by various archaeological enterprises in the Ottoman Empire and preventing the antiquities from being smuggled abroad. Hamdi Bey founded the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul
- Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (law case)
Johnson v. Eisentrager: Bush and Hamdi v. Rumsfeld—involving detainees in the war on terrorism. In their decisions, the court reversed the ruling it had made more than 50 years earlier in Johnson v. Eisentrager. In a 6–3 decision, the court held that U.S. courts may respond to the habeas corpus…
- Ḥamdī, Ibrāhīm al- (Yemeni leader)
Ali Abdullah Saleh: Early life and presidency: …career, he helped to bring Ibrāhīm al-Ḥamdī to power in a 1974 coup, but the assassination of Ḥamdī in 1977 and of his successor in the following year threw the country into turmoil. The result was Saleh’s elevation to the presidency by the People’s Constituent Assembly on July 17, 1978.…
- Hamdismál (Scandinavian literature)
Icelandic literature: The heroic lays: …of all is perhaps the Hamdismál (“Lay of Hamdir”), which forcefully expressed the heroic ideals of Germanic tribal life. The story closely resembles one told by Jordanes, a Gothic historian of the mid-6th century, and his account suggests that his source was an even earlier poem about Hamdir. Another of…
- Hamdok, Abdalla (prime minister of Sudan)
Sudan: Transition: Abdalla Hamdok, selected by the civilian groups’ alliance, was appointed prime minister, and he formed a cabinet on September 5. Citing the civilian-led government now in place, the AU lifted its suspension of Sudan the following day.
- Ḥamdollāh Mostowfī (Persian writer)
Islamic arts: Belles lettres: The cosmography of Ḥamdollāh Mostowfī (died after 1340), Nuzhat al-qulūb (“Pleasure of the Hearts”), like many earlier works of this genre, underlined the mysterious aspects of the marvels of creation and was the most famous of several instructive collections of mixed folkloristic and scientific material. Early miniaturists, too,…
- Häme (province, Finland)
Häme, historic region, southwestern Finland. It lies north of Helsinki and includes part of Lake Päijänne, which serves as much of its eastern boundary. The region produces lumber, rye, oats, barley, and potatoes; livestock and dairy cows are also important. It is the home of the Hämäläiset
- Hamed, Naseem (British athlete)
Yemen: Sports and recreation: …living abroad enjoyed great success: Naseem Hamed, a British boxer of Yemeni ancestry, held the world featherweight title during the late 1990s and early 21st century; and Isra Girgrah, a female boxer born in Yemen and fighting out of the United States, held several lightweight belts during that same period.
- Hamed, Prince Naseem (British athlete)
Yemen: Sports and recreation: …living abroad enjoyed great success: Naseem Hamed, a British boxer of Yemeni ancestry, held the world featherweight title during the late 1990s and early 21st century; and Isra Girgrah, a female boxer born in Yemen and fighting out of the United States, held several lightweight belts during that same period.
- Hamedan (Iran)
Hamadan, city, capital of Hamadān province, west-central Iran. It is situated at the northeastern foot of Mount Alvand (11,716 feet [3,571 metres]). Itself at an elevation of 6,158 feet (1,877 metres), the city dominates the wide fertile plain of the upper Qareh Sū River. There is a sizable
- Hämeen Lääni (province, Finland)
Häme, historic region, southwestern Finland. It lies north of Helsinki and includes part of Lake Päijänne, which serves as much of its eastern boundary. The region produces lumber, rye, oats, barley, and potatoes; livestock and dairy cows are also important. It is the home of the Hämäläiset
- Hämeenlinna (Finland)
Hämeenlinna, city, southwestern Finland. It lies on the shore of Lake Vanaja, northwest of Helsinki. The city’s name is derived from the castle of Häme, parts of which date from about 1250. The town, originally chartered in 1639, was first located north of the castle but moved to its present site,
- Hamel, Hendrik (Dutch navigator)
Korea: The introduction of Roman Catholicism: Thirteen years later Hendrik Hamel and seven others escaped and returned home. Hamel wrote an account of his experiences—the first book on Korea published in Europe.
- HaMelaẖ, Yam (lake, Asia)
Dead Sea, landlocked salt lake between Israel and Jordan in southwestern Asia. Its eastern shore belongs to Jordan, and the southern half of its western shore belongs to Israel. The northern half of the western shore lies within the Palestinian West Bank and has been under Israeli occupation since
- Hamelin (Germany)
Hameln, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies along the Weser River, southwest of Hannover. Originating around the Abbey of St. Boniface, which was founded by monks from Fulda at the end of the 8th century, Hameln was a market centre dependent on the Abbey of Fulda until
- Hamelin, Ferdinand Alphonse (French naval officer)
Ferdinand Alphonse Hamelin was a French naval officer who was an early advocate of armour for naval vessels. Hamelin’s naval career began in 1806 when he served as shipboy aboard the frigate Vénus, commanded by his uncle, Baron Jacques-Félix-Emmanuel Hamelin. He later took part in the expedition to
- Hamelin, Louis (Canadian author)
Canadian literature: Contemporary trends: …to as Generation X writers, Louis Hamelin (La Rage [1989; “Rabies”]) and Christian Mistral (Vamp [1988]) began in the late 1980s to focus literary attention on the social concerns of their age.
- Hameln (Germany)
Hameln, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies along the Weser River, southwest of Hannover. Originating around the Abbey of St. Boniface, which was founded by monks from Fulda at the end of the 8th century, Hameln was a market centre dependent on the Abbey of Fulda until
- Hamels, Cole (American baseball player)
Philadelphia Phillies: …behind the dominant pitching of Cole Hamels and Brad Lidge. There they defeated the Tampa Bay Rays in five games to win the franchise’s second World Series title. In 2009 the Phillies won their second consecutive NL pennant but lost to the New York Yankees in the World Series. Between…
- Hamengkubuwana I (sultan of Yogyakarta)
Yogyakarta: …intervention in Javanese politics, Sultan Hamengkubuwana I moved his court from Kuta Gede to Yogya in Mataram in 1755 and renamed the town Yogyakarta. The British captured Yogyakarta in 1811, and Sultan Hamengkubuwana II was deposed and exiled. In 1816 the Dutch repossessed the island of Java, and by 1830…
- Hamengkubuwana II (sultan of Yogyakarta)
Yogyakarta: …Yogyakarta in 1811, and Sultan Hamengkubuwana II was deposed and exiled. In 1816 the Dutch repossessed the island of Java, and by 1830 Dutch colonial rule was firmly established in the sultanate. After the period of Japanese occupation during World War II, the Republic of Indonesia was formed. The national…
- Hamer, Fannie Lou (American civil-rights activist)
Fannie Lou Hamer was an African American civil rights activist who worked to desegregate the Mississippi Democratic Party. The youngest of 20 children, Fannie Lou was working the fields with her sharecropper parents at the age of six. Amid poverty and racial exploitation, she received only a
- Hamer, Robert (British director and screenwriter)
Kind Hearts and Coronets: Production notes and credits:
- hamerkop (bird)
hammerhead, (Scopus umbretta), African wading bird, the sole species of the family Scopidae (order Ciconiiformes or Pelecaniformes). The hammerhead ranges over Africa south of the Sahara and occurs on Madagascar and in southwestern Arabia. It is about 60 cm (2 feet) long, nearly uniform umber or
- Hamerling, Robert (German poet)
Robert Hamerling was an Austrian poet remembered chiefly for his epics. After studying in Vienna, he became a teacher in Trieste (1855–66). He wrote several popular collections of lyrics, including Ein Schwanenlied der Romantik (1862; “A Swan Song of the Romantic”), which have some attractive
- Hamersley Basin (geological feature, Western Australia, Australia)
mineral deposit: Iron deposits: …Australia, studied deposits in the Hamersley Basin and found that individual thin layers could be traced for more than 100 kilometres. Such continuity suggests that evaporation played a major role in precipitating both the iron minerals and the silica. A second remarkable feature of Lake Superior-type deposits is that they…
- Hamersley Range (mountains, Western Australia, Australia)
Hamersley Range, mountains in the Pilbara region, northwestern Western Australia, extending east-southeast for 160 miles (260 km) south of the Fortescue River. Part of an ancient tableland broken by faults and gorges, the range terminates in rocky headlands and coral islets at the Indian Ocean. It
- Hamerton treaty (British-East African history)
eastern Africa: The Omani ascendancy: …been to accept the so-called Hamerton Treaty of 1845, by which the export of slaves to his Arabian dominions was forbidden.
- hames collar (harness)
horse collar: A hames collar is heavily padded; iron projections (hames) that surround the padding contain eyepieces for the reins and traces.
- ḥametz (leavened food)
Judaism: Pilgrim Festivals: …and foods containing leaven (ḥametz) are neither to be owned nor consumed during Pesaḥ. Aside from meats, fresh fruits, and vegetables, it is customary to consume only food prepared under rabbinic supervision and labelled “kosher for Passover,” warranting that they are completely free of contact with leaven. In many…
- Hamgyŏng Mountains (mountains, North Korea)
Hamgyŏng Mountains, mountain range, northeastern North Korea. The range forms a watershed that separates the northern frontier area along the Chinese border from the eastern Sea of Japan (East Sea) area. The Hamgyŏng Mountains lie on the northeastern edge of the Kaema Highlands and stretch
- Hamgyŏng-sanmaek (mountains, North Korea)
Hamgyŏng Mountains, mountain range, northeastern North Korea. The range forms a watershed that separates the northern frontier area along the Chinese border from the eastern Sea of Japan (East Sea) area. The Hamgyŏng Mountains lie on the northeastern edge of the Kaema Highlands and stretch
- Hamhŭng (North Korea)
Hamhŭng, city, capital of South Hamgyŏng do (province), east-central North Korea. It was the commercial and local administrative centre of northeastern Korea during the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910). It began to develop rapidly as a modern industrial city with the construction in 1928 of a large
- Hami (China)
Hami, city and oasis, eastern Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, China. An important stage on the roads from Gansu province into Central Asia and to the west, Hami was known to the Chinese in early times as Yiwu, the name Hami being the Chinese rendering of the Mongolian version (Khamil) of the
- Hami Basin (basin, Asia)
Tien Shan: Physiography: …the Turfan Depression is the Hami (Qomul) Basin; both basins are bounded to the north by the Bogda Mountains, with elevations of up to 17,864 feet (5,445 metres), and by the eastern extremity of the Tien Shan, the Karlik Mountains, which reach a maximum elevation of 16,158 feet (4,925 metres).
- Hamid Dynasty (Turkmen dynasty)
Hamid Dynasty, Turkmen dynasty (c. 1300–1423) that ruled in southwestern Anatolia. It was founded by Felekuddin Dündar, whose father, Ilyas, was a frontier ruler under the Seljuqs and who named it after his grandfather; Dündar governed the Hamid principality jointly with his brother Yunus, with two
- Hamid Karzai International Airport (airport, Kabul, Afghanistan)
withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan: U.S.-Taliban peace agreement and withdrawal: …nationals to rush to the international airport in Kabul. Many had fought the Taliban or had supported Afghan or NATO forces. In the last few weeks before the August 31 deadline, the United States focused its attention on evacuating refugees. With the joint goal of seeing U.S. withdrawal to its…
- Hamid-Abad (Turkey)
Isparta, city, western Turkey. It is located at the western end of the Taurus Mountains. Known as Baris under the Byzantine Empire, it was taken by the Seljuq Turks in 1203–04. Later it belonged to the Turkmen Hamid principality, the last ruler of which sold it to the Ottoman sultan about 1381. The
- Hamideli (Turkey)
Isparta, city, western Turkey. It is located at the western end of the Taurus Mountains. Known as Baris under the Byzantine Empire, it was taken by the Seljuq Turks in 1203–04. Later it belonged to the Turkmen Hamid principality, the last ruler of which sold it to the Ottoman sultan about 1381. The
- Hamidian massacres (Ottoman and Armenian history)
Hamidian massacres, series of atrocities carried out by Ottoman forces and Kurdish irregulars against the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire between 1894 and 1896. They are generally called the Hamidian massacres—after the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II, during whose reign they were carried out—to
- Hamilcar Barca (Carthaginian general)
Hamilcar Barca was a general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264–241 bce). Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. Nothing is known of
- Hamill camel (figure skating)
Dorothy Hamill: Hamill invented the Hamill camel, a camel spin that is followed by a sit spin.
- Hamill, Dorothy (American figure skater)
Dorothy Hamill is an American figure skater who won the gold medal for women’s figure skating in the 1976 Olympic Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria. (Read Scott Hamilton’s Britannica entry on figure skating.) Hamill first skated at age eight on a backyard pond. By 14 she was being privately
- Hamill, Dorothy Stuart (American figure skater)
Dorothy Hamill is an American figure skater who won the gold medal for women’s figure skating in the 1976 Olympic Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria. (Read Scott Hamilton’s Britannica entry on figure skating.) Hamill first skated at age eight on a backyard pond. By 14 she was being privately
- Hamill, Mark (American actor)
the Joker: … in the film Batman (1989), Mark Hamill in critically acclaimed Batman: The Animated Series (1992–95), Heath Ledger in The Dark Knight (2008), and Joaquin Phoenix in Joker (2019) and its sequel Joker: Folie à Deux (2024). Both Ledger and Phoenix won
- Hamilton (county, New York, United States)
Hamilton, county, northeastern New York state, U.S., consisting of a mountainous region located in the centre of Adirondack Park (1892), which is one of the largest parks in the United States and the nation’s first forest preserve. The area is heavily wooded with spruce and balsam fir trees.
- Hamilton (film by Kail [2020])
Lin-Manuel Miranda: A filmed performance of Hamilton aired on television in 2020.
- Hamilton (musical play by Miranda)
Hamilton, stage musical by American composer and lyricist Lin-Manuel Miranda that premiered Off-Broadway on February 17, 2015, at the Public Theater in New York City before moving to Broadway for a second opening on August 6. Based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, the explosively popular,
- Hamilton (Ohio, United States)
Hamilton, city, seat (1803) of Butler county, southwestern Ohio, U.S., on the Great Miami River, about 25 miles (40 km) north of Cincinnati. In 1794 a town called Fairfield was laid out adjoining Fort Hamilton, which was used in 1791–96 by Gen. Arthur St. Clair and Gen. “Mad” Anthony Wayne against
- Hamilton (Victoria, Australia)
Hamilton, city in the fertile western region of Victoria, Australia, on the Grange Burn River. The original village (founded in 1850) grew around an inn on the north bank of the river and was called The Grange. It became an important way station for coach traffic in the 1850s between Portland and