philosophical feminism: Feminist theories of agency: …consciousness-raising model of the 1970s, Nancy Hartsock held that women discover their own values and gain authentic agency only through acts of solidarity with feminist protesters and dissenters. Sandra Bartky pointed to the usefulness of discovering contradictions within the gender norms imposed upon women—e.g., women are supposed to dedicate themselves…

Hartsville, city, Darlington county, northeastern South Carolina, U.S., on Prestwood Lake (an impoundment of Black Creek). The area was first settled in 1760 and grew in the 19th century around Thomas Edward Hart’s plantation. Major James L. Coker established a crossroads store (1866) there, built

University of Hartford, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in West Hartford, Conn., U.S. It consists of the Barney School of Business and Public Administration, the Hartt School (of music), the Hartford Art School, the Ward College of Technology, and colleges of education,

Hans Hartung was a French painter of German origins, one of the leading European exponents of a completely abstract style of painting. He became particularly well known for his carefully composed, almost calligraphic arrangements of black lines on coloured backgrounds. Hartung received conventional

Leland H. Hartwell is an American scientist who, with Sir Paul M. Nurse and R. Timothy Hunt, shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2001 for discovering key regulators of the cell cycle. Hartwell studied at the California Institute of Technology (B.S., 1961) and the Massachusetts

Rose Alnora Hartwick Thorpe was an American poet and writer, remembered largely for a single narrative poem that gained national popularity. Rose Hartwick grew up in her birthplace of Mishawaka, Indiana, in Kansas, and in Litchfield, Michigan, where she graduated from public high school in 1868.

John F. Hartwig is an American chemist known for his work in organic synthesis. When Hartwig entered college, he originally wanted to study electrical engineering, but he changed his major to chemistry after taking his first class in the subject. He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in chemistry

Russell Harty was a British writer and television personality who charmed audiences with his intelligence, wit, and audacity, particularly as an irreverent talk-show host with London Weekend Television (LWT; 1972–80) and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC; 1980–88). Harty received a

Russell Harty was a British writer and television personality who charmed audiences with his intelligence, wit, and audacity, particularly as an irreverent talk-show host with London Weekend Television (LWT; 1972–80) and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC; 1980–88). Harty received a

Sir Hamilton Harty was a British conductor and composer, noted for his performances of Hector Berlioz. Harty was an organist in Belfast and Dublin before going to London (1900), where he gained a reputation as an accompanist and composer. In addition to giving many recitals with his wife, the

Sir Hamilton Harty was a British conductor and composer, noted for his performances of Hector Berlioz. Harty was an organist in Belfast and Dublin before going to London (1900), where he gained a reputation as an accompanist and composer. In addition to giving many recitals with his wife, the

Hartz Mountains, mountains in southern Tasmania, Australia, extending for 30 mi (50 km) north–south. They are heavily glaciated and rise to 4,111 ft (1,253 m) at Hartz Mountain. The lower slopes, clad in rain forest, give way to peaks that are snow-capped almost year-round, the melting snow

American exceptionalism: historians such as Richard Hofstadter, Louis Hartz, and Daniel J. Boorstin, the United States lacked the history of feudalism and absolutism that had ingrained class loyalty in Europeans. Moreover, they argued that it benefited from geographic and social mobility, material abundance, a general acceptance of the virtues of liberal individualism,…

Henry Ossawa Tanner: With the help of Joseph C. Hartzell, a bishop from Cincinnati, Ohio, Tanner secured a teaching position at Clark University in Atlanta. In 1890 Hartzell arranged an exhibition of Tanner’s works in Cincinnati and, when no paintings sold, Hartzell purchased the entire collection himself.

Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch was one of the most successful of the Spanish romantic dramatists, editor of standard editions of Spanish classics, and author of fanciful poetry in a traditional style. Hartzenbusch was the son of a German cabinetmaker. Early tribulations ended with the production of Los

Jules Chevalier: Then, with Marie-Louise Hartzer, he cofounded the Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart at Issoudun in the following year. These nuns dedicated themselves to educational, hospital, and missionary work. Their papal approval (1928) occurred after Chevalier’s death. He is considered one of the outstanding promoters…

Shimazaki Tōson: …later described in his novel Haru (1908; “Spring”). The first of his major novels, Hakai (1906; The Broken Commandment), the story of a young outcast schoolteacher’s struggle for self-realization, has been called representative of the naturalist school, then the vogue in Japan, although it more clearly reflects the influence of…

Japanese music: Traditional styles: …koto, Haru no umi (“Spring Sea”), has proved Baroque-like in its performance practice, for it is often heard played by the violin, with koto or piano accompaniment. Its style equals that of the French composer Claude Debussy in his most “orientale” moments. The Japanese traditionalist’s view of Western music…

The Sea of Fertility: …four parts—Haru no yuki (Spring Snow), Homma (Runaway Horses), Akatsuki no tera (The Temple of Dawn), and Tennin gosui (The Decay of the Angel)—is set in Japan, and together they cover the period from roughly 1912 to the 1960s. Each of them depicts a different reincarnation of the same…

Al-Harūj al-Aswad, hilly basaltic plateau of central Libya. A startlingly black expanse with an area of some 15,500 square miles (40,150 square km), it rises out of the surrounding sand to about 2,600 feet (800 metres) and is crowned by a series of volcanoes, the Qārat al-Sabʿah, with elevations

Hayashi Razan: Gahō, Hayashi’s third son (also called Harukatsu), became his father’s successor as chief official scholar; and Dokkōsai, Hayashi’s fourth son (also called Morikatsu), was also employed by the shogunate. During their father’s lifetime they collaborated with him in compiling histories; and after his death they…

Kurihara Harumi: …Kurihara wrote the English-language cookbook Harumi’s Japanese Cooking: More than 75 Authentic and Contemporary Recipes from Japan’s Most Popular Cooking Expert (2004). Winner of the 2004 Gourmand World Media Award for best book of the year (the first such prize ever bestowed on a book by an Asian author), it…

Aaron was the traditional founder and head of the Israelite priesthood, who, with his brother Moses, led the Israelites out of Egypt. The figure of Aaron as it is now found in the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible, is built up from several sources of traditions. In the Talmud and

Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth caliph of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty (786–809), who ruled Islam at the zenith of its empire with a luxury in Baghdad memorialized in The Thousand and One Nights (The Arabian Nights Entertainment). Hārūn al-Rashīd was the son of al-Mahdī, the third ʿAbbāsid caliph (ruled

Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth caliph of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty (786–809), who ruled Islam at the zenith of its empire with a luxury in Baghdad memorialized in The Thousand and One Nights (The Arabian Nights Entertainment). Hārūn al-Rashīd was the son of al-Mahdī, the third ʿAbbāsid caliph (ruled

Anatolian religion: Divination: … (divination by flight of birds), haruspicy (divination by examining the entrails of sacrificial animals), and an enigmatic procedure using tokens with symbolic names, arts said to be practiced respectively by the “bird-watcher,” the seer, and the “old woman.” The omens, as interpreted by these experts, were either favourable or unfavourable…

Haruspices, ancient Etruscan diviners, “entrail observers” whose art consisted primarily in deducing the will of the gods from the appearance presented by the entrails of the sacrificial animal, especially the liver and gallbladder of sheep. An Etruscan model liver from Piacenza survived in the

Anatolian religion: Divination: … (divination by flight of birds), haruspicy (divination by examining the entrails of sacrificial animals), and an enigmatic procedure using tokens with symbolic names, arts said to be practiced respectively by the “bird-watcher,” the seer, and the “old woman.” The omens, as interpreted by these experts, were either favourable or unfavourable…

Hārūt and Mārūt, in Islāmic mythology, two angels who unwittingly became masters of evil. A group of angels, after observing the sins being committed on earth, began to ridicule man’s weakness. God declared that they would act no better under the same circumstances and proposed that some angels be

Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz: …was the first president of Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Renzo Piano: His later projects included the Harvard Art Museum renovation and expansion (2014), Cambridge, Massachusetts; the addition to the Kimbell Art Museum (2013), Fort Worth, Texas; the new building for the Whitney Museum of American Art (2015), New York City; and the long-delayed Academy Museum of Motion Pictures (2021), Los Angeles.…

stellar classification: …of two classification schemes: the Harvard system, which is based on the star’s surface temperature, and the MK system, which is based on the star’s luminosity.

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics: Harvard College Observatory: The Harvard College Observatory was founded in 1839 by the Harvard Corporation at a time when few such facilities existed in the United States. Its 38-cm refractor rivaled the largest in the world at its opening in 1847. Under the directorship of…

Richard Blumenthal: …of the editorial board of The Harvard Crimson. During that time he also worked at The Washington Post. After attending the University of Cambridge on a yearlong exchange program, he returned to the United States to study law at Yale University (J.D., 1973). Blumenthal was editor in chief of the…

Samantha Power: …1998 she had joined the Harvard Kennedy School as the founder and executive director (1998–2002) of a human rights initiative that would become in 1999 the Carr Center for Human Rights. In 2006 Power became the Anna Lindh Professor of Practice of Global Leadership and Public Policy and taught at…

Conan O’Brien: Early life and education: There he wrote for The Harvard Lampoon, the school’s prestigious humor magazine, and was elected president of the magazine for an unprecedented two consecutive terms in 1983–84.

legal education: History: …of which was established at Harvard University in 1817. By the late 19th century, Harvard had put in place a number of practices that eventually came to define American legal education, including the use of the “case method” of instruction (see below Teaching), the requirement that students complete three years…

Harvard Mark I, an early protocomputer, built during World War II in the United States. While Vannevar Bush was working on analog computing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), across town Harvard University professor Howard Aiken was working with digital devices for calculation. He

Charles Rockwell Lanman: … (1884) and helped edit the “Harvard Oriental Series,” which offered scholarly English translations of the ancient Hindu Vedic texts.

Timothy Leary: …Ram Dass), he formed the Harvard Psilocybin Project and began administering psilocybin to graduate students; he also shared the drug with several prominent artists, writers, and musicians. Leary explored the cultural and philosophical implications of psychedelic drugs. In contrast to those within the psychedelic research community who argued that the…

Massachusetts: Cultural life: Harvard Square in Cambridge is a favourite tourist stop for its potpourri of people and its proximity to Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Salem’s House of Seven Gables and other “haunted” houses keep the memories of the witchcraft era alive.

stellar classification: …of two classification schemes: the Harvard system, which is based on the star’s surface temperature, and the MK system, which is based on the star’s luminosity.

George Foot Moore: …in the establishment of the Harvard Theological Review in 1908, serving as editor (1908–14, 1921–31).

Harvard University, oldest institution of higher learning in the United States (founded 1636) and one of the eight Ivy League schools, widely regarded for high academic standards, selectivity in admissions, and social prestige. The main university campus lies along the Charles River in Cambridge,

Harvard University Library, largest university library and the first institutional library in what became the United States, established when John Harvard, a young Puritan minister, left his collection of 260 volumes to the new Harvard College in Cambridge, Mass., in 1638. The core of the

Stephen Day: …press became the forerunner of Harvard University Press.

John Harvard was a New England colonist whose bequest permitted the firm establishment of Harvard College. John Harvard was the son of a butcher and of the daughter of a cattle merchant and alderman of Stratford-on-Avon. The plague killed his father and most of his brothers and sisters in 1625. His

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), astronomical research institution headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S., on the campus of Harvard University. The CfA was created in 1973 by reorganizing the Harvard College Observatory and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under

harvest, the season of the gathering of crops. The word is derived from the Anglo-Saxon haerfest (“autumn”) or the Old High German herbist. Harvest has been a season of rejoicing from the remotest times. The Romans had their Ludi Cereales, or feasts in honour of Ceres. The Druids celebrated their

Neil Young: Harvest, Rust Never Sleeps, and Harvest Moon: Harvest (1972) continued the confessional vein, and its rare stylistic continuity made it one of Young’s best-selling but, in the minds of some, least-satisfying discs. Its simplistic attitudes apparently set off an internal reexamination; at least it started a decade’s artistic wanderings. The experimentation cost…

Agnes de Mille: …the story of Lizzie Borden), The Harvest According (1952), and Three Virgins and a Devil (1941).

Buddhism: New Year and harvest festivals: New Year festivals demonstrate Buddhism’s ability to co-opt preexisting local traditions. On the occasion of the New Year, images of the Buddha in some countries are taken in procession through the streets. Worshipers visit Buddhist sanctuaries and circumambulate a stupa or a sacred…

butterfish: Among these are the harvest fish (Peprilus alepidotus), an Atlantic species that usually grows to about 20 cm (8 inches) long; the Pacific pompano (Peprilus simillimus), a silvery Californian fish; and Pampus argenteus, a black-spotted, Oriental fish.

Harvest Home, traditional English harvest festival, celebrated from antiquity and surviving to modern times in isolated regions. Participants celebrate the last day of harvest in late September by singing, shouting, and decorating the village with boughs. The cailleac, or last sheaf of corn

chigger, (suborder Prostigmata), the larva of any of approximately 10,000 species of mites in the invertebrate subclass Acari (the mites and ticks). The name is also erroneously applied to an insect better known as the chigoe, jigger, or jigger flea. Chiggers range in length from 0.1 to 16 mm

harvest moon, the full moon nearest the autumnal equinox (about September 23). Near the time of the autumnal equinox, the angle of the Moon’s orbit relative to Earth’s horizon is at its minimum, causing the full moon to rise above the horizon much faster than usual. Since the difference of the

Neil Young: Harvest, Rust Never Sleeps, and Harvest Moon: …Young again reversed direction, releasing Harvest Moon, a plaintive, mostly acoustic sequel to Harvest that became his biggest seller since the 1970s. His next significant album, Sleeps with Angels (1994), was a meditation on death that mixes ballads with more-typical Crazy Horse-backed rockers.

Ch’usŏk, Korean holiday celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month to commemorate the fall harvest and to honour one’s ancestors. Similar to Thanksgiving Day in the United States, the Harvest Moon Festival, as it is also known, is one of the most popular holidays in Korea. The day begins

harvest mouse, either of two genera of small mice: the American harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys) or the Old World harvest mouse (Micromys). The 20 species of American harvest mice are widespread, being found from southern Canada to northern South America at elevations ranging from below sea level to

Timothy O’Sullivan: In works such as A Harvest of Death (1863), which shows the Confederate dead at Gettysburg, O’Sullivan moved beyond traditional war images, which usually portrayed armies at rest, to capture instead the grim and gruesome realities of armed warfare.

Television in the United States: The Kennedy-Nixon debates: …was the chief correspondent on Harvest of Shame, a CBS Reports documentary about the plight of migrant farm labourers. Beautifully photographed, powerfully argued, and strongly supporting federal legislation to protect migrant workers, Harvest of Shame illustrated how effectively the journalistic essay could work on television.

Thomas Gainsborough: Bath period: …Rubens is also apparent in The Harvest Wagon in the fluency of the drawing and the scale of the great beech trees so different from the stubby oaks of Suffolk. The idyllic scene is a perfect blend of the real and the ideal. The group in the cart is based…

Meridel Le Sueur: …of Ancient Ripening (1975; poetry); Harvest: Collected Stories (1977); and Ripening: Selected Work, 1927–80 (1982).

harvester, in farming, any of several machines for harvesting; the design and function of harvesters varies widely according to crop. See binder; combine; corn harvester; cotton harvester; header; reaper; thresher; windrower. See also entries for particular crops (e.g., hay, for hay-cutting

harvester, (subfamily Miletinae), any of a group of predatory insects in the gossamer-winged butterfly family, Lycaenidae (order Lepidoptera), that are rapid fliers and are distinguished by iridescent wings that are usually brownish above and spotted below. The male’s forelegs are reduced, but the

harvester ant, any of several different genera of ants (e.g., Messor, Atta, Pheidole, Pogonomyrmex) that gather seeds and leaves. As eusocial insects, the work of these ants is done to feed and support the colony, a family unit that functions almost as a single organism. Taxonomy See also list of

organized labour: Compulsory arbitration and union growth in Australasia: …Arbitration Court’s judgment in the Harvester case. This ruling held that a living wage was a first charge upon industry, and it set a basic wage for unskilled labour at a level substantially higher than existing rates—an approach to wage determination that unions could certainly live with. Within both countries,…

farmer’s lung, a pulmonary disorder that results from the development of hypersensitivity to inhaled dust from moldy hay or other fodder. In the acute form, symptoms include a sudden onset of breathlessness, fever, a rapid heartbeat, cough (especially in the morning), copious production of phlegm,

Western painting: Low Countries: His “Harvesters” (1565; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City) displays a remarkable sensitivity to colour and pattern. The intense golden yellow of the ripe wheat sets up a bold pattern across the lower half of the picture and contrasts with the cool greens and blues…

Cesare Pavese: …initial novella, Paesi tuoi (1941; The Harvesters, 1961), recalled, as many of his works do, the sacred places of childhood. Between 1943 and 1945 he lived with partisans of the anti-Fascist Resistance in the hills of Piedmont.

cocoa: Harvesting: Harvesting of cocoa beans can proceed all year, but the bulk of the crop is gathered in two flush periods occurring from October to February and from May to August. The ripe seed pods are cut from the trees and split open with machetes.…

daddy longlegs, (order Opiliones), any of more than 6,000 species of arachnids (class Arachnida) that are known for their extremely long and thin legs and for their compact bodies. Daddy longlegs are closely related to scorpions (order Scorpiones) but, because of their appearance, are often

Harvey, American comedy film, released in 1950, that is based on Mary Chase’s Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name about a man’s unusual friendship. James Stewart portrayed Elwood P. Dowd, an amiable fellow with a fondness for drink who travels everywhere with his best friend—a giant rabbit

Harvey: on Mary Chase’s Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name about a man’s unusual friendship.

Cyd Charisse: Career: …to appear in the musical The Harvey Girls (1946) with actress Judy Garland and the musical Words and Music (1948). She achieved stardom with her dance routine—in which she did not speak a word—opposite Gene Kelly in the musical Singin’ in the Rain. Although she was on screen for less…

Samuel Hopkins Adams: …Night (1934) and a musical, The Harvey Girls (1942). Grandfather Stories (1955) was based on reminiscences of his grandfather in upper New York State. He also wrote under the name Warner Fabian.

Fred Harvey: …Fe Railroad, each called the Harvey House and often staffed by “Harvey Girls.”

Claremont Colleges: Harvey Mudd College, and Pitzer College) and two graduate schools (Claremont Graduate University and the Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences). The campuses are adjacent to one another, and many facilities are shared, including the consortium’s main library, the Honnold/Mudd Library, which houses nearly…

Anne Sexton was an American poet whose work is noted for its confessional intensity. Her poems addressed many taboo topics and explored familial and intimate relationships through the use of myths and archetypes. She won a Pulitzer Prize for her collection Live or Die (1966). Born Anne Harvey, she

The Lion in Winter: The film marked director Anthony Harvey’s first major feature film, though he had previously worked as an editor on several Stanley Kubrick classics. Composer John Barry won an Oscar for his innovative score.

Steve Harvey is an American comedian, actor, author, and television and radio personality who first gained fame for his observational humour and later became known for his self-help advice, especially about relationships. Harvey grew up with his parents and elder siblings in Cleveland. He attended

geography: Influence of the social sciences: …the first, geographers led by David Harvey (who was Cambridge-trained but worked largely in the United States) explored Marxist thinking. This involved not only the workings of the economy—to which they added an important spatial dimension—but also the class conflict underpinning Marxian analyses and the consequent unequal distribution of power.…

Edmund Newton Harvey was a U.S. zoologist and physiologist whose work in marine biology contributed to the early study of bioluminescence. From 1911 until his retirement in 1956 he taught at Princeton University, becoming H.F. Osborn professor of biology in 1933. His research, primarily in cellular

Fred Harvey was an American restaurateur, who operated a chain of restaurants along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, each called the Harvey House and often staffed by “Harvey Girls.” Harvey emigrated from Liverpool, Eng., to New York City in 1850 and began working in restaurants there

Fred Harvey was an American restaurateur, who operated a chain of restaurants along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, each called the Harvey House and often staffed by “Harvey Girls.” Harvey emigrated from Liverpool, Eng., to New York City in 1850 and began working in restaurants there

Gabriel Harvey was an English writer and friend of the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser; the latter celebrated their friendship in The Shepheardes Calender (1579) through the characters of Hobbinol (Harvey) and Colin Clout (Spenser). Harvey was also noted for his tenacious participation in literary

Hayward A. Harvey was a versatile American inventor who discovered the modern method of strengthening armour plating. Harvey began his career as a draftsman in the New York Screw Company, of which his father was president. After a series of engineering jobs he founded (c. 1865) the Continental

Hayward A. Harvey was a versatile American inventor who discovered the modern method of strengthening armour plating. Harvey began his career as a draftsman in the New York Screw Company, of which his father was president. After a series of engineering jobs he founded (c. 1865) the Continental

Houston: History: Hurricane Harvey, the strongest storm to make landfall in the United States in more than a decade, drenched the Houston area in August 2017. The city received more than 16 inches (over 400 mm) of rain in a 24-hour period, and catastrophic flooding claimed several…

Ian Rankin is a Scottish best-selling crime novelist, creator of the Inspector Rebus series. (For Rankin’s reflections on the Scottish capital, see Edinburgh: A City of Stories.) Rankin grew up in a small coal-mining town, where at a young age he displayed a talent for writing poetry. He studied

Canadian literature: World War II and the postwar period, 1935–60: In fiction Jean-Charles Harvey attacked bourgeois ideology in Les Demi-Civilisés (1934; “The Half-Civilized”; Eng. trans. Sackcloth for Banner and Fear’s Folly), which was condemned by the Roman Catholic Church, resulting in Harvey’s being fired from his job at the journal Le Soleil. Three years later Félix-Antoine Savard’s…

The Alamo: William Travis (Laurence Harvey), a courageous but overly strict officer whose methods clash with those of the folksy Crockett and his fellow legendary frontiersman Jim Bowie (Richard Widmark). Travis hopes to hold the Alamo long enough for Sam Houston (Richard Boone) to send additional troops. When word…

Neil Harvey is an Australian cricketer who was noted as an outstanding left-handed batsman. Harvey first gained recognition in 1948 as the youngest member of the Australian team against India at Melbourne. From 1948 until 1963 he played in more Test (international) matches (79) than any other

Paul Harvey was an American radio commentator and news columnist noted for his firm staccato delivery and his conservative but individualistic opinions on current events. He enjoyed an almost unparalleled longevity as a national broadcaster. Harvey was descended from five generations of Baptist

PJ Harvey is a British singer-songwriter and guitarist whose mythically pitched, fanatically intense recordings and concerts set new standards for women in rock. Harvey, born to countercultural parents in rural England, seems to have grown up with a sense of rock as simply another elemental force

PJ Harvey is a British singer-songwriter and guitarist whose mythically pitched, fanatically intense recordings and concerts set new standards for women in rock. Harvey, born to countercultural parents in rural England, seems to have grown up with a sense of rock as simply another elemental force

Neil Harvey is an Australian cricketer who was noted as an outstanding left-handed batsman. Harvey first gained recognition in 1948 as the youngest member of the Australian team against India at Melbourne. From 1948 until 1963 he played in more Test (international) matches (79) than any other

Sir John Martin Harvey was an English actor, producer, and theatre manager. The son of a yacht builder, Harvey originally planned for a career in naval architecture but decided instead to study theatre with the actor John Ryder. He made his first public appearance in London in 1881. A year later he

Steve Harvey is an American comedian, actor, author, and television and radio personality who first gained fame for his observational humour and later became known for his self-help advice, especially about relationships. Harvey grew up with his parents and elder siblings in Cleveland. He attended

William Harvey was an English physician who was the first to recognize the full circulation of the blood in the human body and to provide experiments and arguments to support this idea. Harvey had seven brothers and two sisters, and his father, Thomas Harvey, was a farmer and landowner. Harvey