Harwich, town (parish) and seaport, Tendring district, administrative and historic county of Essex, eastern England. It occupies the tip of a small peninsula projecting into the estuary of the Rivers Stour and Orwell opposite Felixstowe in Suffolk. In 885 ce Alfred the Great defeated Danish ships

Harwich, town (township), Barnstable county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the southern coast of Cape Cod. Named for Harwich, England, it was settled about 1655 and incorporated in 1694. Once a whaling and shipbuilding centre, its economy is now based largely on cranberry cultivation

Australian literature: Literature from 1940 to 1970: Gwen Harwood developed a thoughtful kind of poetry, varied at times by clever, satiric verses, as in her Collected Poems (1991).

opera: Czechoslovakia and other eastern European countries: …tunes and some spoken passages) Háry János, by Zoltán Kodály (1926), both of which have become more familiar in concert performance or excerpts than in staged productions.

Haryana, state in north-central India. It is bounded on the northwest by the state of Punjab and the union territory of Chandigarh, on the north and northeast by the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, on the east by the state of Uttar Pradesh and the union territory of Delhi, and on the

Indian National Lok Dal (INLD), regional political party of Haryana state, northwest-central India. The party’s focus has been principally in the state, and it has had only a limited presence on the national political scene in New Delhi. Its power base has been principally in the traditional Jat

Harz, most northerly mountain range in Germany, between the Weser and Elbe rivers, occupying parts of the German Länder (states) of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. At its greatest length it extends southeasterly and northwesterly for 60 miles (100 km), and its maximum breadth is about 20 miles (32

Heinrich Heine: Early works: “Die Harzreise” (“The Harz Journey”) became the first piece of what were to be four volumes of Reisebilder (1826–31; Pictures of Travel); the whimsical amalgam of its fact and fiction, autobiography, social criticism, and literary polemic was widely imitated by other writers in subsequent years. Some of…

Alfred Hugenberg: …Hugenberg in 1931 formed the Harzburg Front, an alliance between nationalist, conservative elements and Hitler, to attempt to topple the government of Heinrich Brüning. He proved unable to manipulate the Nazis for his own ends, but the large contributions from German industrialists that flowed, after the Harzburg agreement, into Hitler’s…

Heinrich Heine: Early works: “Die Harzreise” (“The Harz Journey”) became the first piece of what were to be four volumes of Reisebilder (1826–31; Pictures of Travel); the whimsical amalgam of its fact and fiction, autobiography, social criticism, and literary polemic was widely imitated by other writers in subsequent years. Some of…

Al-Hasa, oasis and region in eastern Saudi Arabia. Al-Hasa oasis, the largest oasis in Saudi Arabia, lies about 40 miles (65 km) west of the Persian Gulf. It has about 30,000 acres (12,000 hectares) of palm groves and other crops that are irrigated by the flow of 60 or more artesian springs. Many

Al-Hasa: The Al-Hasa region derives its name from the oasis at its centre. The region is bounded on the north by Kuwait, on the east by the Persian Gulf, on the south by the desert Rubʿ al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, and on the west by the Dahnā…

Al-Ḥasakah, town, northeastern Syria. The town lies on the banks of the Khābūr River (a tributary of the Euphrates) at its confluence with the Jaghjaghah. Under the Ottoman Empire it lost its importance, but it revived with the settlement there of Assyrian refugees from Iraq during the French

Al-Ḥasakah, town, northeastern Syria. The town lies on the banks of the Khābūr River (a tributary of the Euphrates) at its confluence with the Jaghjaghah. Under the Ottoman Empire it lost its importance, but it revived with the settlement there of Assyrian refugees from Iraq during the French

Buyid dynasty: …seized Eṣfahān and Fārs, while Ḥasan and Aḥmad took Jibāl, Khūzestān, and Kermān (935–936). In December 945 Aḥmad occupied the Abbasid capital of Baghdad as amīr al-umarāʾ (commander in chief) and, reducing the Sunni caliphs to puppet status, established Buyid rule (January 946). Thereafter the brothers were known by their…

Ḥasan was a grandson of the Prophet Muhammad (the founder of Islam), the elder son of Muhammad’s daughter Fāṭimah. He belongs to the group of the five most holy persons of Shīʿah, those over whom Muhammad spread his cloak while calling them “The People of the House.” After his father, ʿAlī, he was

Hasan Abdal, town, northern Pakistan. The town is a textile and communications centre that is connected by the Grand Trunk Road and by rail with Peshawar and Rawalpindi. It has government colleges affiliated with the University of the Punjab. The Buddhist site of Hasan Abdal, just east of the town,

Islamic world: Indian Ocean Islam: …century, when its greatest monarch, Ḥasan al-Dīn (ruled 1631–70), was forced to cede his independence. Meanwhile, however, a serious Islamic presence was developing in Java, inland as well as on the coasts; by the early 17th century the first inland Muslim state in Southeast Asia, Mataram, was established. There Sufi…

Hassan al-Banna was an Egyptian political and religious leader who established a new religious society, the Muslim Brotherhood, and played a central role in Egyptian political and social affairs. At age 12 Hassan al-Banna joined the Society for Moral Behaviour, thus demonstrating at an early age

al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī was a deeply pious and ascetic Muslim who was one of the most important religious figures in early Islam. Ḥasan was born nine years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. One year after the Battle of Ṣiffīn (657), he moved to Basra, a military camp town situated 50 miles (80 km)

Shiʿi: Twelver (Ithnā ʿAshariyyah): …down to the 11th imam, Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī. All of these imams were persecuted by the Sunni ʿAbbāsid rulers. At the death of each, the community fragmented into different groups, following different sons or other relatives from the Ḥasanid or Ḥusaynid line. After the death of the 11th imam, the Shiʿah…

Qarakhanid Dynasty: …999 Hārūn (or Ḥasan) Bughra Khān, grandson of the paramount tribal chief of the Qarluq confederation, occupied Bukhara, the Sāmānid capital. The Sāmānid domains were split up between the Ghaznavids, who gained Khorāsān and Afghanistan, and the Qarakhanids, who received Transoxania; the Oxus River thus became the boundary between the…

Jalāyirid: Ḥasan Buzurg, founder of the dynasty, had served as governor of Anatolia (Rūm) under the Il-Khan Abū Saʿīd (reigned 1317–35). Following the death of Abū Saʿīd, Ḥasan Buzurg competed for real control of the empire with his rival, the Chūpānid amīr Ḥasan Küčük (“the Small,”…

India: The Bahmani sultanate: …the throne of Daulatabad as ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Bahman Shah in 1347 and soon moved his capital to the more centrally located Gulbarga on the Deccan plateau. Much of the political and military history of the Bahmanī sultanate can be described as a generally effective attempt to gain control of the…

Leo Africanus was a traveler whose writings remained for some 400 years one of Europe’s principal sources of information about Islam. Educated at Fès, in Morocco, Leo Africanus traveled widely as a young man on commercial and diplomatic missions through North Africa and may also have visited the

Ḥasan was a grandson of the Prophet Muhammad (the founder of Islam), the elder son of Muhammad’s daughter Fāṭimah. He belongs to the group of the five most holy persons of Shīʿah, those over whom Muhammad spread his cloak while calling them “The People of the House.” After his father, ʿAlī, he was

Jalāyirid: …his rival, the Chūpānid amīr Ḥasan Küčük (“the Small,” so designated to distinguish him from Ḥasan Buzurg, “the Great”); they set up rival khanates. Soon afterward the empire broke down into local dynasties in Anatolia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia.

Islamic arts: Architecture: …the justly celebrated madrasah of Sultan Ḥasan in Cairo (1356–62) is one of the few perfect four-eyvān madrasahs in the Islamic world. Mausoleums were squares or polygons covered with domes. In other words, there were only minor modifications in the typology of architecture, and even the 15th-century buildings with interiors…

Islamic arts: Zenith of Islamic literature: Khosrow’s younger contemporary, Ḥasan of Delhi (died 1328), is less well known and had a more simple style. He nevertheless surpassed Khosrow in warmth and charm, qualities that earned him the title of “the Saʿdī of Hindustan.”

Iraq: The 18th-century Mamluk regime: In Baghdad, Hasan Paşa (1704–24), the Ottoman governor of Georgian origin sent from Istanbul, and his son Ahmed Paşa (1724–47) established a Georgian mamlūk (slave) household, through which they exercised authority and administered the province. The mamlūks (Turkish: kölemen) were mostly Christian slaves from the Caucasus who…

Jalāyirid: …his rival, the Chūpānid amīr Ḥasan Küčük (“the Small,” so designated to distinguish him from Ḥasan Buzurg, “the Great”); they set up rival khanates. Soon afterward the empire broke down into local dynasties in Anatolia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia.

Jalāyirid: Ḥasan Buzurg, founder of the dynasty, had served as governor of Anatolia (Rūm) under the Il-Khan Abū Saʿīd (reigned 1317–35). Following the death of Abū Saʿīd, Ḥasan Buzurg competed for real control of the empire with his rival, the Chūpānid amīr Ḥasan Küčük (“the Small,”…

Aga Khan I was the imam, or spiritual leader, of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīte sect of the Shīʿite Muslims. He claimed to be directly descended from ʿAlī, the son-in-law of the Prophet Muḥammad, and ʿAlī’s wife Fāṭimah, Muḥammad’s daughter, and also from the Fāṭimid caliphs of Egypt. He was the governor of

Turkey: The central massif: … (12,848 feet [3,916 meters]) and Hasan (10,686 feet [3,257 meters]).

Muḥammad VI is the king of Morocco since 1999. Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan completed primary and secondary schooling at the Royal Palace College before entering the Mohammed V University in Rabat; there he received a bachelor’s degree in law in 1985 and, three years later, a master’s degree in public

Sayyid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan was a Somali religious and nationalist leader (called the “Mad Mullah” by the British) who for 20 years led armed resistance to the British, Italian, and Ethiopian colonial forces in Somaliland. Because of his active resistance to the British and his vision of a

Anwar al-Awlaki: Army Major Nidal M. Hasan, who attended his sermons in Virginia. On November 5, 2009, Hasan opened fire in the Soldier Readiness Center at the Fort Hood army base in Texas, killing 13. According to reports, at least 18 e-mails had been sent between Hasan and Awlaki…

Ḥasan-e Ṣabbāḥ was the leader, and believed to be the founder, of the Nizārī Ismāʿīliyyah, a Shiʿi Islamic sect that in the 12th and 13th centuries was commonly called the Assassins. Ḥasan studied theology in the Iranian city of Rayy and at about the age of 17 adopted the Ismāʿīlī faith. He was an

Hasanlu, ancient Iranian site located in the Solduz Valley of Azerbaijan. Excavations there have been important for knowledge of the prehistory of northwestern Iran, especially during the late 2nd and early 1st millennia bc. The site was inhabited from about 2100 to about 825 bc, but the richest

Ḥasanwayhid dynasty: The dynasty’s founder was Ḥasanwayh (Ḥasanūyah) ibn Ḥusayn, a Barzikānī leader who was able to acquire a number of holdings in the region. He fortified his position through affiliation with the local Būyid leaders, whom he assisted in campaigns against their adversaries, and, being in their favour, he was…

Ḥasanwayhid dynasty, Kurdish dynasty (c. 961–1015) that ruled a principality around Kermānshāh in the central Zagros Mountains region of what is now Iran. The Ḥasanwayhids, with their power base in the Kurdish Barzikānī tribe, were later superseded by a rival Kurdish dynasty, the ʿAnnazid dynasty.

Ḥasanwayhid dynasty: The dynasty’s founder was Ḥasanwayh (Ḥasanūyah) ibn Ḥusayn, a Barzikānī leader who was able to acquire a number of holdings in the region. He fortified his position through affiliation with the local Būyid leaders, whom he assisted in campaigns against their adversaries, and, being in their favour, he was…

Ḥasanwayhid dynasty, Kurdish dynasty (c. 961–1015) that ruled a principality around Kermānshāh in the central Zagros Mountains region of what is now Iran. The Ḥasanwayhids, with their power base in the Kurdish Barzikānī tribe, were later superseded by a rival Kurdish dynasty, the ʿAnnazid dynasty.

Jacques Monod: …Hasard et la nécessité (1970; Chance and Necessity) argued that the origin of life and the process of evolution are the result of chance. Monod joined the staff of the Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1945 and became its director in 1971.

Jordan River: Physical environment: …longest of those is the Ḥāṣbānī, which rises in Lebanon, near Ḥāṣbayyā, at an elevation of 1,800 feet (550 metres). From the east, in Syria, flows the Bāniyās River. Between the two is the Dan River, the waters of which are particularly fresh.

Marj ʿUyūn: The nearby town of Ḥāṣbayyā contains the principal sanctuary of the Druze, who practice a form of Islam. Pop. (latest est.) 4,275.

Scrabble: …soon caught the attention of Hasbro, owner of Scrabble’s North American rights. Facing a lawsuit by Hasbro, Scrabulous creators Rajat Agarwalla and Jayant Agarwalla in 2008 released Wordscraper, a Scrabble-like game that allows players to design their own board, and later that year Facebook disabled Scrabulous for their North American…

Newburgh: The Jonathan Hasbrouck House (1750), Washington’s headquarters, is now a state historical site with an adjacent museum. Nearby are the New Windsor Cantonment (a reconstruction of a winter camp of the Continental Army) and the preserved headquarters (the John Ellison House, 1754) of General Henry Knox.

Mauricio Funes: Early life and movement from journalism to politics: …greatly influenced by sociology professor Francis Miguel (“Hato”) Hasbún, a leftist activist. The violent death of Funes’s older brother, who was killed by police during a student protest in August 1980, induced Funes to leave the university before completing his degree. Yet, despite his leftist leanings, he did not join…

Mauricio Funes: Early life and movement from journalism to politics: …greatly influenced by sociology professor Francis Miguel (“Hato”) Hasbún, a leftist activist. The violent death of Funes’s older brother, who was killed by police during a student protest in August 1980, induced Funes to leave the university before completing his degree. Yet, despite his leftist leanings, he did not join…

Ḥisdai ibn Shaprut was a Jewish physician, translator, and political figure who helped inaugurate the golden age of Hebrew letters in Moorish Spain and who was a powerful statesman in a number of major diplomatic negotiations. After becoming court physician to the powerful Umayyad caliph ʿAbd

Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu was a scholar and archivist who was a pioneer in Romanian language and historical studies. After studies at the University of Kharkov, Hasdeu settled as a high school teacher and librarian at Iaşi (1858), where he collected and published a great number of ancient Slavic and

Hasdrubal was a Carthaginian general, the son-in-law of Hamilcar Barca. Hasdrubal is known for his political opposition to the Carthaginian aristocracy and for the unusually wide support that he enjoyed from the city’s ordinary citizens. Hasdrubal assisted Hamilcar in successful campaigns of

Hasdrubal was a Carthaginian general who unsuccessfully attempted to sustain military ascendancy on the Spanish peninsula in the face of Roman attacks. Hasdrubal, the second son of Hamilcar Barca, was left in command of Spain when his brother Hannibal went to Italy (218 bc), and he fought for seven

Cleitomachus was a Greek philosopher, originally from Carthage, who was head of the New Academy of Athens from 127/126 bc. He characterized the wise man as one who suspends judgment about the objectivity of man’s knowledge. He was the pupil and literary exponent of Carneades and asserted, against

Hasdrubal was a Carthaginian general customarily identified as the son of Gisco. Hasdrubal and two brothers of Hannibal named Mago and Hasdrubal commanded three separate Carthaginian armies in Spain from 214 through 206 bc. Considerably reinforced from Africa, they routed the Roman armies and

Futabatei Shimei was a Japanese novelist and translator of Russian literature. His Ukigumo (1887–89; “The Drifting Clouds,” translated, with a study of his life and career, by M. Ryan as Japan’s First Modern Novel: Ukigumo of Futabatei Shimei), brought modern realism to the Japanese novel. Although

Hasegawa Tōhaku was a Japanese painter of the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1574–1600) and the founder of the Hasegawa school of painting or painters. Early in his career in Noto province (now in Fukui prefecture), Hasegawa painted Buddhist pictures including “Picture of Twelve Devas” (Ishikawa Shōkaku

Dominik Hašek is a Czech ice hockey goaltender known for his unorthodox goaltending style. Hašek was the only goaltender in National Hockey League (NHL) history to win consecutive Hart Trophy awards as most valuable player (1997–98). Hašek started playing ice hockey in Pardubice at age six.

Jaroslav Hašek was a Czech writer best known for his satirical novel The Good Soldier Schweik. Hašek worked in Prague as a bank clerk, although at 17 he was already writing satirical articles for Czech newspapers. He soon abandoned business for a literary career, and before World War I he published

biblical literature: Non-European versions: Jan van Hasel translated the two other Gospels in 1646 and added Psalms and Acts in 1652. Other traders began translations into Minnan, a form of Southern Min spoken by the Hoklo (Fukien Taiwanese), in 1661 and Sinhalese in 1739.

Sir Arthur Hesilrige, 2nd Baronet was a leading English Parliamentarian from the beginning of the Long Parliament (1640) to the founding of Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate (1653). He emerged briefly as a powerful figure during the confusion that followed the fall of the Protectorate in 1659. A

Walter Hasenclever was a German Expressionist poet and dramatist whose work is a protest against bourgeois materialism and the war-making state. After studying briefly at the Universities of Oxford and Lausanne, Hasenclever in 1909 went to the University of Leipzig, where he turned to literature,

number sign, versatile symbol (#) most commonly used to preface numbers (e.g., apartment #1) but which encompasses a variety of other uses, especially to tag (or hashtag) posts and messages on social media platforms. The origin of the number sign is usually attributed to the Latin term libra pondo,

number sign, versatile symbol (#) most commonly used to preface numbers (e.g., apartment #1) but which encompasses a variety of other uses, especially to tag (or hashtag) posts and messages on social media platforms. The origin of the number sign is usually attributed to the Latin term libra pondo,

hash table, in computer science, a dictionary that maps keys to values using a hash function. A hash function is a mathematical function that maps data of arbitrary length to data of a fixed length. Hashing is a highly efficient way of performing certain operations, such as searches, insertions,

hashish, hallucinogenic drug preparation derived from the resin secreted by the flowering tops of cultivated female plants of the genus Cannabis. More loosely, in Arabic-speaking countries the term may denote a preparation made from any of various parts of cannabis plants—such as the leaves or

Hashemite, any of the Arab descendants, either direct or collateral, of the prophet Muhammad, from among whom came the family that created the 20th-century Hashemite dynasty. Muhammad himself was a member of the house of Hāshim (Hashem), a subdivision of the Quraysh tribe. The most revered line of

Hashemite, any of the Arab descendants, either direct or collateral, of the prophet Muhammad, from among whom came the family that created the 20th-century Hashemite dynasty. Muhammad himself was a member of the house of Hāshim (Hashem), a subdivision of the Quraysh tribe. The most revered line of

Jordan, Arab country of Southwest Asia, in the rocky desert of the northern Arabian Peninsula. Jordan is a young state that occupies an ancient land, one that bears the traces of many civilizations. Separated from ancient Palestine by the Jordan River, the region played a prominent role in biblical

Japanese art: Wood-block prints: …contributing artists included Kawase Hasui, Hashiguchi Goyō, Yoshida Hiroshi, and Itō Shinsui. Hashiguchi was determined to have complete control over his artistic output, and his tenure as a Watanabe artist was brief. His prints numbered only 16 and were mostly studies of Taishō women in a fashion thoroughly reminiscent, in…

al-Muqannaʿ was a religious leader, originally a fuller (cloth processor) from Merv, in Khorāsān, who led a revolt in that province against the ʿAbbāsid caliph al-Mahdī. Preaching a doctrine combining elements of Islam and Zoroastrianism, al-Muqannaʿ carried on warfare for about three years in the

history of Arabia: The life of Muhammad: …born in 570 of the Hashemite (Banū Hāshim) branch of the noble house of ʿAbd Manāf; though orphaned at an early age and, in consequence, with little influence, he never lacked protection by his clan. Marriage to a wealthy widow improved his position as a merchant, but he began to…

Iraq: Second term of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki and sectarian polarization: …arrest warrant was issued for Tariq al-Hashimi, the Sunni vice president, for having allegedly commanded a death squad during the war. Hashimi fled to the Kurdish autonomous region, beyond the reach of the central government’s security forces, and then on to Turkey. Sunni politicians denounced the accusations against Hashimi as…

Hāshimīyah, Islamic religiopolitical sect of the 8th–9th century ad, instrumental in the ʿAbbāsid overthrow of the Umayyad caliphate. The movement appeared in the Iraqi city of Kūfah in the early 700s among supporters (called Shīʿites) of the fourth caliph ʿAlī, who believed that succession to

Hashimoto disease, a noninfectious form of inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis). Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune disorder (i.e., the body reacts to its own tissues as though they were foreign substances). Its onset is insidious, with gradual enlargement of the thyroid gland (a

Hashimoto Gahō was a Japanese painter who helped revive Japanese-style painting in the Meiji era. The son of a painter, Hashimoto studied first with his father and later with Kanō Shōsen’in Tadanobu. He so excelled in his work that he became a studio director and at age 22 was placed in charge of

Hashimoto Ryūtarō was a Japanese politician, whose election as prime minister in 1996 signaled a return to Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) rule after a brief Socialist regime (1994–95). He left office in 1998 after having failed in his attempts to end a long-lasting economic recession in Japan. The

Hashimoto Gahō was a Japanese painter who helped revive Japanese-style painting in the Meiji era. The son of a painter, Hashimoto studied first with his father and later with Kanō Shōsen’in Tadanobu. He so excelled in his work that he became a studio director and at age 22 was placed in charge of

Hashimoto disease, a noninfectious form of inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis). Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune disorder (i.e., the body reacts to its own tissues as though they were foreign substances). Its onset is insidious, with gradual enlargement of the thyroid gland (a

hashish, hallucinogenic drug preparation derived from the resin secreted by the flowering tops of cultivated female plants of the genus Cannabis. More loosely, in Arabic-speaking countries the term may denote a preparation made from any of various parts of cannabis plants—such as the leaves or

Hülegü: …destroyed the fortress of the Assassins (a militant Islāmic sect) in 1256 at Alāmut in north central Iran. He then defeated the caliph’s army and captured and executed al-Mustaʿṣim, the last of the ʿAbbāsid caliphs, and in 1258 he seized and largely destroyed Baghdad. He captured Syria but was decisively…

South Asian arts: Parsi theatre: …playwright of this period is Agha Hashr (1876–1935), a poet-dramatist of flamboyant imagination and superb craftsmanship. Among his famous plays are Sita Banbas, based on an incident from the Ramayana; Bilwa Mangal, a social play on the life of a poet, whose blind passion for a prostitute results in remorse;…

Hülegü: …destroyed the fortress of the Assassins (a militant Islāmic sect) in 1256 at Alāmut in north central Iran. He then defeated the caliph’s army and captured and executed al-Mustaʿṣim, the last of the ʿAbbāsid caliphs, and in 1258 he seized and largely destroyed Baghdad. He captured Syria but was decisively…

Hülegü: …destroyed the fortress of the Assassins (a militant Islāmic sect) in 1256 at Alāmut in north central Iran. He then defeated the caliph’s army and captured and executed al-Mustaʿṣim, the last of the ʿAbbāsid caliphs, and in 1258 he seized and largely destroyed Baghdad. He captured Syria but was decisively…

Hülegü: …destroyed the fortress of the Assassins (a militant Islāmic sect) in 1256 at Alāmut in north central Iran. He then defeated the caliph’s army and captured and executed al-Mustaʿṣim, the last of the ʿAbbāsid caliphs, and in 1258 he seized and largely destroyed Baghdad. He captured Syria but was decisively…

hashtag, metadata label prefaced by the hash symbol (#) and followed by a word or phrase devoid of spaces, special characters, or punctuation. Hashtags are used on social media platforms to categorize and organize related content, which helps users easily discover topics of interest. After a

Tel Ḥasi, ancient archaeological site in southwestern Palestine, located southwest of Lachish (Tel Lakhish) in modern Israel. Excavation of the site, carried out in 1890 by Sir Flinders Petrie and in 1892–94 by F.J. Bliss, revealed that the first occupation began about 2600 bc. More important,

Hasidean, member of a pre-Christian Jewish sect of uncertain origin, noted for uncompromising observance of Judaic Law. The Hasideans joined the Maccabean revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucids (2nd century bc) to fight for religious freedom and stem the tide of paganism. They had no interest in

Hasidean, member of a pre-Christian Jewish sect of uncertain origin, noted for uncompromising observance of Judaic Law. The Hasideans joined the Maccabean revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucids (2nd century bc) to fight for religious freedom and stem the tide of paganism. They had no interest in

Baʿal Shem Ṭov: 1750) of Ḥasidism, a Jewish spiritual movement characterized by mysticism and opposition to secular studies and Jewish rationalism. He aroused controversy by mixing with ordinary people, renouncing mortification of the flesh, and insisting on the holiness of ordinary bodily existence. He was also responsible for divesting Kabbala…

Ḥasidism, (from Hebrew ḥasid, “pious one”), a 12th- and 13th-century Jewish religious movement in Germany that combined austerity with overtones of mysticism. It sought favour with the common people, who had grown dissatisfied with formalistic ritualism and had turned their attention to developing

nature worship: Nature as a sacred totality: The concept of hasina among the Merina (Hova) of central Madagascar is very similar to that of mana. It demonstrates the same aristocratic root character as the word mana, which is derived from the Indonesian manang (“to be influential, superior”).

Sheikh Hasina Wazed is a Bengali politician and leader of the Awami League political party who served as prime minister of Bangladesh for one term from 1996 to 2001 and four consecutive terms from 2009 to 2024. Her fifth term, following the controversial January 2024 elections, was cut short when

Sheikh Hasina Wazed is a Bengali politician and leader of the Awami League political party who served as prime minister of Bangladesh for one term from 1996 to 2001 and four consecutive terms from 2009 to 2024. Her fifth term, following the controversial January 2024 elections, was cut short when

Haskala, a late 18th- and 19th-century intellectual movement among the Jews of central and eastern Europe that attempted to acquaint Jews with the European and Hebrew languages and with secular education and culture as supplements to traditional Talmudic studies. Though the Haskala owed much of its

Haskala, a late 18th- and 19th-century intellectual movement among the Jews of central and eastern Europe that attempted to acquaint Jews with the European and Hebrew languages and with secular education and culture as supplements to traditional Talmudic studies. Though the Haskala owed much of its

Arnold Haskell was a British ballet critic who was influential in promoting ballet, especially as a cofounder of the Camargo Society and as a director of the Royal Ballet School. Haskell studied law at the University of Cambridge (1924), but, while convalescing in Paris, he met some leading Russian

Arnold Haskell was a British ballet critic who was influential in promoting ballet, especially as a cofounder of the Camargo Society and as a director of the Royal Ballet School. Haskell studied law at the University of Cambridge (1924), but, while convalescing in Paris, he met some leading Russian

Byron Haskin was an American film and television director, cinematographer, and special-effects artist best known for his work in the adventure and science-fiction genres, with films such as The War of the Worlds (1953) and The Naked Jungle (1954). After moving from Portland, Oregon, to attend the