antibiotic: Aztreonam, bacitracin, and vancomycin: …by a special strain of Bacillus subtilis. Because of its severe toxicity to kidney cells, its use is limited to the topical treatment of skin infections caused by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus and for eye and ear infections.

hay: Hay cubers, developed in the mid-1960s, pick up the cut hay from windrows and compress it into cubes that are easily shoveled; they are practical in regions in which the climate permits cut forage to dry to the desired moisture content.

hay fever, seasonally recurrent bouts of sneezing, nasal congestion, and tearing and itching of the eyes caused by allergy to the pollen of certain plants, chiefly those depending upon the wind for cross-fertilization, such as ragweed in North America and timothy grass in Great Britain. In allergic

Noël Coward: …first of his durable comedies, Hay Fever, opened in London. Coward ended the decade with his most popular musical play, Bitter Sweet (1929).

hay: The hay mower-conditioner, introduced in the 1960s, has either steel or rubber rolls to split the stems or meshing fluted rolls to crimp the stems, allowing moisture to escape quickly so that leaves and stems dry at nearly the same rate, reducing overall drying time.

Hay River, town, southern Fort Smith region, Northwest Territories, Canada, lying on the southwestern shore of Great Slave Lake at the mouth of the Hay River. The settlement was established in 1868 as a Hudson’s Bay Company trading post. With the arrival of the Mackenzie Highway in 1949 and the

farm building: Crop storage: …or in special installations called hay towers. Silage is made to conserve moist fodders, such as corn, sorghum, and grass. There are two types of silos. The horizontal silo is parallel-piped, either cut into the ground (trench silo) or built aboveground (bunker silo). The floor is natural earth or concrete.…

Hiëronymus Bosch: …panoramic triptychs such as the Haywain, The Temptation of St. Anthony, and The Garden of Earthly Delights. His figures are graceful and his colours subtle and sure, and all is in motion in those ambitious and extremely complex works. The paintings are marked by an eruption of fantasy, expressed in…

Francis Hay, 9th earl of Erroll was a Scottish nobleman, a leader of the militant Roman Catholic party in Scotland. Erroll was converted to Roman Catholicism at an early age and succeeded to the earldom in 1585. Between 1588 and 1597 he and his associates were involved in a series of treasonable

Grand Ole Opry: Founded by George Dewey Hay, who had helped organize a similar program, the WLS “National Barn Dance,” in Chicago, the show was originally known as the “WSM Barn Dance,” acquiring its lasting name in 1926. It was largely Hay, called “the Solemn Ol’ Judge,” who determined the…

Harry Hay was an American gay rights activist who believed that homosexuals should see themselves as an oppressed minority entitled to equal rights. He acted on his convictions and in large measure prompted the dramatic changes in the status of homosexuals that took place in the United States in

Harry Hay was an American gay rights activist who believed that homosexuals should see themselves as an oppressed minority entitled to equal rights. He acted on his convictions and in large measure prompted the dramatic changes in the status of homosexuals that took place in the United States in

John Hay was the U.S. secretary of state (1898–1905) who skillfully guided the diplomacy of his country during the critical period of its emergence as a great power; he is particularly associated with the Open Door policy toward China. Hay studied law in Springfield, Illinois, where he met the

John Hay was the U.S. secretary of state (1898–1905) who skillfully guided the diplomacy of his country during the critical period of its emergence as a great power; he is particularly associated with the Open Door policy toward China. Hay studied law in Springfield, Illinois, where he met the

Lucy Hay, countess of Carlisle was an intriguer and conspirator during the English Civil Wars, celebrated by many poets of the day, including Thomas Carew, William Cartwright, Robert Herrick, and Sir John Suckling. The second daughter of Henry Percy, 9th earl of Northumberland, she married James

Lawrence Weiner: He renamed it A Series of Stakes Set in the Ground at Regular Intervals to Form a Rectangle—Twine Strung from Stake to Stake to Demark a Grid—a Rectangle Removed from This Rectangle (1968).

Oliver Perry Hay was an American paleontologist who did much to unify existing knowledge of North American fossil vertebrates by constructing catalogs that have become standard references. While serving as professor of biology and geology at Butler University, Indianapolis, Ind. (1879–92), he

Boy George: Culture Club: …the replacement of Suede with Roy Hay on guitar and the addition of Jon Moss on drums, the group’s name changed again, this time to Culture Club.

Sir Gilbert Hay was a Scottish translator of works from the French, whose prose translations are the earliest extant examples of literary Scots prose. Hay may have been the Gylbertus Hay named in the registers of St. Andrews University in 1418 and 1419. That he received a degree as a master of

Margaret Wise Brown was a prolific American writer of children’s literature whose books, many of them classics, continue to engage generations of children and their parents. Brown attended Hollins College (now Hollins University) in Roanoke, Virginia, where she earned a B.A. in 1932. After further

Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty, (November 18, 1903), agreement between the United States and Panama granting exclusive canal rights to the United States across the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for financial reimbursement and guarantees of protection to the newly established republic. The United States

Bidlack Treaty: …rights, and in 1903 the Hay–Herrán Treaty was concluded between the United States and Colombia. The Colombian senate, however, withheld ratification to secure better terms. Thereupon the U.S. government engineered the secession of Panama from Colombia and then reached an agreement (Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty) with the new Republic of Panama, by…

Hay–Pauncefote Treaty, (1900–01), either of two agreements between Britain and the United States, the second of which freed the United States from a previous commitment to accept international control of the Panama Canal. After negotiations between U.S. Secretary of State John Milton Hay and

beech: Major species: The Mexican beech, or haya (F. mexicana), a timber tree often 40 metres (130 feet) tall, has wedge-shaped leaves. The Oriental beech (F. orientalis), a pyramidal Eurasian tree about 30 metres (100 feet) tall, has a grayish white trunk and wavy-margined wedge-shaped leaves up to 15…

Haya, East African people who speak a Bantu language (also called Haya) and inhabit the northwestern corner of Tanzania between the Kagera River and Lake Victoria. Two main ethnic elements exist in the population—the pastoral Hima, who are probably descendants of wandering Nilotes, and the more

Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre was a Peruvian political theorist and activist who founded (1924) and led APRA, a political party that became the vehicle for radical dissent in Peru. The son of wealthy parents, Haya de la Torre became a student leader and was deported in 1923 after leading a mass

Hayabusa, is a series of Japanese spacecraft that explored asteroids. The first, Hayabusa, studied the asteroid Itokawa and returned a sample container of dust grains to Earth in 2010. The second, Hayabusa2, arrived at the asteroid Ryugu in June 2018 and returned to Earth with a sample from that

railroad: Japan: The Hayabusa (“Falcon”) train, introduced on the Tohoku line in 2011, is capable of reaching 300 km (185 miles) per hour.

Hayabusa: Hayabusa2: Hayabusa2 launched on December 3, 2014, from Kagoshima to the asteroid Ryugu. The spacecraft had the same basic design as the first Hayabusa. However, instead of one rover, it carried three: the MINERVA-II1 rovers 1A and 1B and MINERVA-II2 rover 2. It also had a…

Kitakami Mountains: The highest peak, Mount Hayachine, rises to an elevation of 6,280 feet (1,914 metres) in the centre of the range.

Buddhism: Local gods and demons: …god of wealth; and especially Hayagriva, a fierce horse-faced god who is powerful in driving off unconverted demonic forces. The Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions have also identified local deities as manifestations of various buddhas and bodhisattvas. This process is particularly prominent in Japan, where the identification of buddhas and bodhisattvas…

S.I. Hayakawa was a scholar, university president, and U.S. senator from California (1977–83). He is best known for his popular writings on semantics and for his career as president of San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University). Hayakawa was educated at the University of

S.I. Hayakawa was a scholar, university president, and U.S. senator from California (1977–83). He is best known for his popular writings on semantics and for his career as president of San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University). Hayakawa was educated at the University of

Turkish literature: Movements and poets: Hayali Bey, the most influential poet of the first half of the 16th century, was the son of a timar sipahî (feudal cavalryman) from Rumeli, in the Balkans. He began his career with a troupe of wandering dervishes and eventually came under the protection of…

Hayam Wuruk was the ruler of the Javan Hindu state of Majapahit at the time of its greatest power. Hayam Wuruk inherited the throne in 1350 at the age of 16, when the great patih (“prime minister”) Gajah Mada was at the height of his career. Under the two leaders, Majapahit extended its power

Hayami Masaru was a Japanese banker and business executive who, as governor (1998–2003) of the Bank of Japan (BOJ), introduced striking reforms to the country’s banking system. Hayami graduated from the Tokyo University of Commerce in 1947 and joined the BOJ that year. He remained with the central

hayashi, in Japanese music, any of various combinations of flute and percussion instruments. In nō and kabuki drama, the hayashi normally consists of a flute plus the hourglass-shaped hand drum (ko-tsuzumi) held on the right shoulder, the larger o-tsuzumi held on the left hip, and the taiko

Hayashi Fumiko was a Japanese novelist whose realistic stories deal with urban working-class life. Hayashi lived an unsettled life until 1916, when she went to Onomichi, where she stayed until graduation from high school in 1922. In her lonely childhood she grew to love literature, and when she

Hayashi Razan: Gahō, Hayashi’s third son (also called Harukatsu), became his father’s successor as chief official scholar; and Dokkōsai, Hayashi’s fourth son (also called Morikatsu), was also employed by the shogunate. During their father’s lifetime they collaborated with him in compiling histories; and after his death they…

Japanese music: Religious and military music: A court musician, Hayashi Hiromori (1831–96), is credited with the melody, which was given its premiere in 1880 and has remained the national anthem since that time. Hayashi first wrote it in traditional gagaku notation, and Eckert “corrected” it with Western harmonization, noting that it fit in both…

Hayashi Razan: …as chief official scholar; and Dokkōsai, Hayashi’s fourth son (also called Morikatsu), was also employed by the shogunate. During their father’s lifetime they collaborated with him in compiling histories; and after his death they assembled the Hayashi Razan bunshū (“Collected Works of Hayashi Razan”) and the Razan Sensei shishū (“Master…

Hayashi Razan was a Japanese scholar who, with his son and grandson, established the thought of the great Chinese Neo-Confucian philosopher Chu Hsi as the official doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate (the hereditary military dictatorship through which the Tokugawa family ruled Japan from 1603 to

Hayashi Razan was a Japanese scholar who, with his son and grandson, established the thought of the great Chinese Neo-Confucian philosopher Chu Hsi as the official doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate (the hereditary military dictatorship through which the Tokugawa family ruled Japan from 1603 to

Hayashi Senjūrō was an army officer and later prime minister of Japan. Hayashi was a graduate of the Military Academy and Military Staff College and held many responsible posts. In 1931, as commander of Japanese troops in Korea, Hayashi ordered his forces to march into Manchuria, beginning the

Hayashi Shihei was a Japanese scholar, a specialist in military affairs, who first drew attention to Japan’s inadequate military and maritime defenses. Hayashi was the son of an official of the shogunate, Japan’s hereditary military dictatorship. After entering the service of the Sendai clan in

Count Hayashi Tadasu was a Japanese diplomat who negotiated the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902. Hayashi studied in England, but upon his return home in 1868, at the time of the Meiji Restoration, he joined a short-lived rebellion of diehard Tokugawa loyalists against the new imperial government.

Armenia, landlocked country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and

Armenia, landlocked country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and

ad-Damīrī: His encyclopaedia, Ḥayāt al-ḥayawān (c. 1371; partial Eng. trans. by A.S.G. Jayakar, A Zoological Lexicon, 2 vol.), is extant in three Arabic versions of different lengths and in Persian, Turkish, and Latin translations. It treats in alphabetical order the 931 animals mentioned in the Qurʾān, in the…

Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), militant Islamist group in Syria that emerged during the Syrian Civil War (2011– ) and in 2024 led rebel forces to oust Assad, ending his family’s five-decade rule. HTS was formally created in 2017 through the merger of several rebel organizations, the core of which was

Ukraine: Right Bank and western Ukraine until the Partitions of Poland: …by bands of rebels called haydamaks (Turkish: “freebooters” or “marauders”). The most violent, known as the Koliivshchyna, occurred in 1768 and was put down only with the help of Russian troops.

Shaykh Ḥaydar was one of the founders of the Ṣafavid state (1501–1736) in Iran. Ḥaydar inherited the leadership of the Ṣafavid order, a Shīʿite Muslim movement centred on Ardabīl (now in northwest Iran). He was raised in the city of Amid, but when the Kara Koyunlu empire in western Iran

Hyderabad, city, south-central Sind province, southeastern Pakistan. It lies on the most northerly hill of the Ganjo Takkar ridge, just east of the Indus River. One of the largest cities in Pakistan, it is a communications centre, connected by rail with Peshawar and Karachi and with Indian railways

John Neumeier: …dancing caught the attention of Marcia Haydée. He was hired to dance with the Stuttgart Ballet by its South African director, John Cranko. In 1969 Neumeier was appointed director of ballet in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, where he was noted for his reinterpretations of classics. From Frankfurt he moved (1973)…

Neil deGrasse Tyson: …1994, when he joined the Hayden Planetarium as a staff scientist. His research dealt with problems relating to galactic structure and evolution. He became acting director of the Hayden Planetarium in 1995 and director in 1996. From 1995 to 2005 he wrote monthly essays for Natural History magazine, some of…

Tempe, city, Maricopa county, south-central Arizona, U.S. It lies along the Salt River and is a southern suburb of Phoenix. First settled (1872) by Charles Hayden, father of former Arizona senator Carl Hayden, it was called Hayden’s Ferry until renamed in 1880 for the Vale of Tempe, Greece. It is

Carl T. Hayden was a Democratic political leader who served 56 years in both houses of the U.S. Congress (1912–69)—the longest term in the nation’s history to that time. The son of an Arizona pioneer, young Hayden entered the flour-milling business and first became active in public life in the

Carl T. Hayden was a Democratic political leader who served 56 years in both houses of the U.S. Congress (1912–69)—the longest term in the nation’s history to that time. The son of an Arizona pioneer, young Hayden entered the flour-milling business and first became active in public life in the

Carla Hayden is an American librarian who, in 2016, became the first woman and the first African American to serve as the Librarian of Congress. She is also known for defending library users’ privacy and for her efforts to ensure widespread access to public libraries and their resources. Hayden

Carla Hayden is an American librarian who, in 2016, became the first woman and the first African American to serve as the Librarian of Congress. She is also known for defending library users’ privacy and for her efforts to ensure widespread access to public libraries and their resources. Hayden

Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden was an American geologist who was a pioneer investigator of the western United States. His explorations and geologic studies of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains helped lay the foundation of the U.S. Geological Survey. In 1853 Hayden made a trip with the paleontologist

Brian Lara: …380 runs posted by Australian Matthew Hayden in 2003.

Melissa Hayden was a Canadian-born ballet dancer, whose technical and dramatic skills shone in the many and various roles she created. Hayden began studying dance while a schoolgirl. In 1945 she went to New York City and found a position in the corps de ballet at Radio City Music Hall. Within a few

Palmer Hayden was an African American painter who came to prominence during the Harlem Renaissance. He is known best for his seascapes and his lively depictions of everyday life in Harlem. Peyton Cole Hedgeman (as he was originally named) started drawing when he was a child. He moved to Washington,

Robert Hayden was an American poet whose subject matter is most often the Black experience. He was the first African American to serve as consultant in poetry to the Library of Congress (a role that later became known as U.S. poet laureate). Hayden grew up in Detroit and attended Detroit City

Robert Hayden was an American poet whose subject matter is most often the Black experience. He was the first African American to serve as consultant in poetry to the Library of Congress (a role that later became known as U.S. poet laureate). Hayden grew up in Detroit and attended Detroit City

Sophia Hayden was an American architect who fought for the aesthetic integrity of her design for the Woman’s Building of the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The building was the only design of Hayden’s that was ever built. Hayden was educated in Boston, where from age six she lived

The Asphalt Jungle: Cast:

Tom Hayden was an American activist and author. One of the preeminent activists of the 1960s, Hayden helped found Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and was arrested as one of the Chicago Seven indicted for conspiracy to incite the riots that accompanied the 1968 Democratic Convention in

Tom Hayden was an American activist and author. One of the preeminent activists of the 1960s, Hayden helped found Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and was arrested as one of the Chicago Seven indicted for conspiracy to incite the riots that accompanied the 1968 Democratic Convention in

Qurratulain Hyder was an Indian writer, editor, scholar, and translator who helped the novel become a serious genre of hitherto poetry-oriented Urdu literature. Her masterwork, Aag ka darya (1959; River of Fire), has been compared to those of Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez and Czech

Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer who was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He helped establish the forms and styles for the string quartet and the symphony. Haydn was the second son of humble parents. His father was a

Michael Haydn was one of the most accomplished composers of church music in the later 18th century. He was the younger brother of Joseph Haydn. Like his brother, Michael Haydn became a choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna, receiving his early musical instruction there. He was dismissed

Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer who was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He helped establish the forms and styles for the string quartet and the symphony. Haydn was the second son of humble parents. His father was a

Michael Haydn was one of the most accomplished composers of church music in the later 18th century. He was the younger brother of Joseph Haydn. Like his brother, Michael Haydn became a choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna, receiving his early musical instruction there. He was dismissed

Benjamin Robert Haydon was an English historical painter and writer, whose Autobiography has proved more enduring than his painting. The son of a Plymouth bookseller, Haydon went to London to attend the Royal Academy schools. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1807, but because of

The Hague, seat of government of the Netherlands. It is situated on a coastal plain, with the city centre just inland from the North Sea. The Hague is the administrative capital of the country and the home of the court and government, though Amsterdam is the official capital. The city’s name

Sir Gilbert Hay was a Scottish translator of works from the French, whose prose translations are the earliest extant examples of literary Scots prose. Hay may have been the Gylbertus Hay named in the registers of St. Andrews University in 1418 and 1419. That he received a degree as a master of

Salma Hayek is a Mexican American actress, director, and producer who, at the end of the 20th century, broke barriers as one of the first Latina actresses to establish a successful film career in the United States. Hayek grew up in Mexico but attended Catholic school in New Orleans before enrolling

Salma Hayek is a Mexican American actress, director, and producer who, at the end of the 20th century, broke barriers as one of the first Latina actresses to establish a successful film career in the United States. Hayek grew up in Mexico but attended Catholic school in New Orleans before enrolling

F.A. Hayek was an Austrian-born British economist noted for his criticisms of the Keynesian welfare state and of totalitarian socialism. In 1974 he shared the Nobel Prize for Economics with Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal. (Read Milton Friedman’s Britannica entry on money.) Hayek’s father, August,

F.A. Hayek was an Austrian-born British economist noted for his criticisms of the Keynesian welfare state and of totalitarian socialism. In 1974 he shared the Nobel Prize for Economics with Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal. (Read Milton Friedman’s Britannica entry on money.) Hayek’s father, August,

F.A. Hayek was an Austrian-born British economist noted for his criticisms of the Keynesian welfare state and of totalitarian socialism. In 1974 he shared the Nobel Prize for Economics with Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal. (Read Milton Friedman’s Britannica entry on money.) Hayek’s father, August,

F.A. Hayek was an Austrian-born British economist noted for his criticisms of the Keynesian welfare state and of totalitarian socialism. In 1974 he shared the Nobel Prize for Economics with Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal. (Read Milton Friedman’s Britannica entry on money.) Hayek’s father, August,

Salma Hayek is a Mexican American actress, director, and producer who, at the end of the 20th century, broke barriers as one of the first Latina actresses to establish a successful film career in the United States. Hayek grew up in Mexico but attended Catholic school in New Orleans before enrolling

Armenian language, language that forms a separate branch of the Indo-European language family; it was once erroneously considered a dialect of Iranian. In the early 21st century the Armenian language is spoken by some 6.7 million individuals. The majority (about 3.4 million) of these live in

Hayes River, river in northeastern Manitoba, Canada, rising from several lakes in the central part of the province and flowing northeastward for 300 miles (500 km) across the Canadian Shield (a region of rocky, ice-smoothed hills dotted with lakes) to enter Hudson Bay at York Factory. The river,

depth finder: …practical depth sounders, the so-called Hayes sonic depth finder, developed by the U.S. Navy in 1919, consisted of (1) a device to generate and send sound waves to the ocean floor and receive the reflected waves and (2) a timer calibrated at the speed of sound in seawater that directly…

Bob Hayes was an American sprinter who, although he was relatively slow out of the starting block and had an almost lumbering style of running, was a remarkably powerful sprinter with as much raw speed as any athlete in history. He also was a noted American football player. Hayes began running as a

Bob Hayes was an American sprinter who, although he was relatively slow out of the starting block and had an almost lumbering style of running, was a remarkably powerful sprinter with as much raw speed as any athlete in history. He also was a noted American football player. Hayes began running as a

Earth Day: …use of the pesticide DDT—hired Denis Hayes, a graduate student at Harvard University. They sought to infuse the energy of student-led anti-war activism with the public’s emerging environmental consciousness in order to propel environmental protections into the national political agenda. Together they organized the first Earth Day, which took place…

Elvin Hayes is an American basketball player who was one of the most prolific scorers and rebounders in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After averaging 35 points per game in high school in Louisiana, Hayes went to the University of Houston (Texas), where he was named

Elvin Hayes is an American basketball player who was one of the most prolific scorers and rebounders in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After averaging 35 points per game in high school in Louisiana, Hayes went to the University of Houston (Texas), where he was named

Roy Rogers: Another favourite costar, his sidekick George ("Gabby") Hayes, joined Rogers in Southward Ho! (1939). For Cowboy and the Senorita (1944), Rogers was teamed with Dale Evans, and, in 1947, 14 months after the death of Rogers’s first wife, he and Evans were married. They starred together in a number of…

Roy Rogers: Another favourite costar, his sidekick George ("Gabby") Hayes, joined Rogers in Southward Ho! (1939). For Cowboy and the Senorita (1944), Rogers was teamed with Dale Evans, and, in 1947, 14 months after the death of Rogers’s first wife, he and Evans were married. They starred together in a number of…

Helen Hayes was an American actress who was widely considered to be the “First Lady of the American Theatre.” At the behest of her mother, a touring stage performer, Hayes attended dancing class as a youngster, and, from 1905 to 1909, she performed with the Columbia Players. At age nine, she made

Isaac Hayes was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor who was a pioneering figure in soul music. His recordings influenced the development of such musical genres as disco, rap, and urban contemporary. The charismatic performer— known for his shaved head, dark sunglasses, and smooth

Isaac Israel Hayes was an American physician and Arctic explorer who sought to prove the existence of open seas around the North Pole. After receiving his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania (1853), Hayes volunteered to serve as surgeon with Elisha Kent Kane’s Arctic expedition, which planned

Isaac Hayes was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor who was a pioneering figure in soul music. His recordings influenced the development of such musical genres as disco, rap, and urban contemporary. The charismatic performer— known for his shaved head, dark sunglasses, and smooth

calligraphy: Revival of calligraphy (19th and 20th centuries): Hunter Middleton, James Hayes, Ray DaBoll, and Bruce Beck.