glacial landform: Cirques, tarns, U-shaped valleys, arêtes, and horns: …an arcuate cliff called the headwall. In an ideal cirque, the headwall is semicircular in plan view. This situation, however, is generally found only in cirques cut into flat plateaus. More common are headwalls angular in map view due to irregularities in height along their perimeter. The bottom of many…

dress: Ancient Egypt: …in a way acting as hats. Semicircular kerchiefs, tied by the corners at the nape of the neck under the hair, were sometimes worn to protect the wig on a dusty day. Wigs were dressed in many different ways, each characteristic of a given period; generally speaking, the hair became…

self-heal, (genus Prunella), genus of 13 species of low-growing perennials in the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to Eurasia and North America. Several species, especially common self-heal (Prunella vulgaris), large-flowered self-heal (P. grandiflora), and cutleaf self-heal (P. lacinata), were

textile: Early development of the loom: …formed with the aid of heddles (or healds). Usually one heddle is provided for each end, or multiple end, of warp thread, but on some primitive looms simple cloths are produced with heddles provided only for each alternate end. A heddle consists of a short length of cord, wire, or…

heddle loom, device used in weaving that is characterized by heddles—short lengths of wire or flat steel strips—used to deflect the warp to either side of the main sheet of fabric. The heddle is considered to be the most important single advance in the evolution of looms in general. Originally

medicine man, member of an indigenous society who is knowledgeable about the magical and chemical potencies of various substances (medicines) and skilled in the rituals through which they are administered. The term has been used most widely in the context of American Indian cultures but is

Syrian and Palestinian religion: Institutions and practices: …of former rulers (called “Healers” or “Shades” at Ugarit)—from putative or mythical figures to the most recently deceased—who supported the reigning monarch with divine blessings. The monarch’s expectations of life after death are expressed in an inscription on an 8th-century monumental effigy of the god Hadad from Zincirli (ancient…

Ayi Kwei Armah: The Healers (1979), Armah’s fifth novel, explores a young man’s quest to become a practitioner of traditional medicine while the Asante empire falls to British forces. Armah took an extended break from publishing before releasing Osiris Rising in 1995. The novel examines the struggles of…

Healesville, town, Victoria, Australia. It is situated in the Dandenong Ranges and on the Maroondah Highway northeast of Melbourne. Founded (1860) on the fertile flats of the Acheron River, a tributary of the Yarra, it was named after Sir Richard Heales, then premier of Victoria. A rail terminus,

Victoria: Cultural life: The Healesville Sanctuary, roughly 40 miles (60 km) east of Melbourne, serves not only as a wildlife conservation centre, supporting more than 200 native species, but also as a cultural centre, preserving and transmitting indigenous knowledge through guided tours into the protected bushlands. Off the southwest…

Denis Winston Healey, Baron Healey of Riddlesden was a British economist, statesman, writer, and chancellor of the Exchequer (1974–79). Healey grew up in Keighley, Yorkshire, and had a brilliant academic career at Balliol College, Oxford. He was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire

Sir Anton Dolin was a British ballet dancer, choreographer, and director who, with his frequent partner Alicia Markova, founded the Markova-Dolin companies and London’s Festival Ballet. Trained by the notable Russian teachers Serafima Astafieva and Bronislava Nijinska, Dolin began his ballet career

faith healing, recourse to divine power to cure mental or physical disabilities, either in conjunction with orthodox medical care or in place of it. Often an intermediary is involved, whose intercession may be all-important in effecting the desired cure. Sometimes the faith may reside in a

fracture: …fracture include failure to heal, healing in a position that interferes with function, and loss of function despite good healing. Failure to heal is frequently a result of infection. Because healing will not ordinarily take place until an infection is treated, all procedures are aimed at combating infection at the…

A.N. Wilson: …to the black comedy of The Healing Art (1980), Wise Virgin (1982), The Vicar of Sorrows (1993), and My Name Is Legion (2004). His other novels included works set in the past, such as Gentleman in England (1985); Love Unknown (1986); The Lampitt Papers, a novel sequence about a well-known…

healing cult, religious group or movement that places major, or even exclusive, emphasis on the treatment or prevention by nonmedical means of physical or spiritual ailments, which are often seen as manifestations of evil. Such cults generally fall into one of three types: those centred on certain

Egyptian art and architecture: Innovation, decline, and revival from the New Kingdom to the Late period: …textual application is a so-called healing statue of which even the wig is covered with texts.

health, in humans, the extent of an individual’s continuing physical, emotional, mental, and social ability to cope with his or her environment. This definition is just one of many that are possible. What constitutes “good” health in particular can vary widely. The rather fragile individual who

Diane Johnson: After Health and Happiness (1990), which centres on a San Francisco hospital, Johnson wrote several comedies of manners concerning American women in France: Le Divorce (1997; film 2003), Le Mariage (2000), and L’Affaire (2003). She continued to explore the clash of cultures with

Andrew Weil: In Health and Healing: Understanding Conventional and Alternative Medicine, also published in 1983, Weil contended that current medical practices were more curative than preventive, too expensive, and too reliant upon drugs, surgery, and technology. In his vision of health care in the future, Weil saw a…

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for carrying out government programs and policies relating to human health, welfare, and income security. Established in 1980 when responsibility for education was removed from the

education: England: …development of education, when the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act required employers to educate apprentices in basic mathematics, writing, and reading. For the most part this remained only a demand, since the employers were not interested in such education.

labour law: Health, safety, and welfare: …work; and provisions concerning such health and safety risks as poisons, dangerous machinery, dust, noise, vibration, and radiation constitute the health, safety, and welfare category of labour law. The efforts of organized safety movements and the progress of occupational medicine have produced comprehensive occupational health and accident-prevention services and regulations…

public health: Developed countries: …are carried out by the Department of Health and Social Security; in the United States the Department of Health and Human Services controls the programs covered by national legislation.

prosperity gospel, in Protestant Christianity, the teaching that faith—expressed through positive thoughts, positive declarations, and donations to the church—draws health, wealth, and happiness into believers’ lives. It is also referred to as the “health and wealth gospel” or “name it and claim

medical cannabis: Herbal cannabis products in medicine: …medical use in Canada under Health Canada’s Medical Marihuana Access Regulations (MMAR), which were enacted in 2001. The cannabis plants cultivated for CanniMed are grown under carefully controlled conditions, and the drug is standardized to contain approximately 12.5 percent THC. A similar approach has been taken in the Netherlands, where…

medicine: …concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease.

an overview of the variety of careers available in the health care

bioethics: Definition and development: Accordingly, health care ethics has come into use as a more inclusive term. Bioethics, however, is broader than this, because some of the issues it encompasses concern not so much the practice of health care as the conduct and results of research in the life sciences,…

health law: Relationship of law and ethics: …be known as a “health care proxy.” In this document, an individual may provide someone else (such as a close relative or friend) with the authority to make decisions about medical treatment should he become incompetent to act on his own behalf. That person then has the same rights…

“Health is wealth,” as the old saying goes, and if you value your mental and physical well-being, that likely rings true for you. Regardless of your age, condition, or financial situation, you likely spend some money on products and services to maintain your health, whether it’s a few bucks at the

clinic: Health centres: In 1910 the first health centres, or multiple clinics, were established in Pittsburgh and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Others were opened in 1913 in New York City and in 1916 in Boston and Philadelphia. In 1920 in Britain a consultative council on medical and allied…

gymnasium: …20th century by the terms health club and fitness centre.

Christina H. Paxson: …contributions to the fields of health economics and public policy.

diagnosis: Physical examination: The physical examination continues the diagnostic process, adding information obtained by inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. When data accumulated from the history and physical examination are complete, a working diagnosis is established, and tests are selected that will help to retain…

A health flexible spending account (FSA) is a benefit some employers offer that allows employees to set aside pretax money for upcoming medical costs. Many FSAs require you to spend the funds by year-end or forfeit them (“use it or lose it”), although some plans offer a grace period or allow unused

electronic health record: Implementation of EHRs: The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act is the primary financial driving force for EHR implementation in the United States. Passed in 2009 as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the HITECH Act creates financial incentives for providers participating in…

health insurance, system for the financing of medical expenses by means of contributions or taxes paid into a common fund to pay for all or part of health services specified in an insurance policy or the law. The key elements common to most health insurance plans are advance payment of premiums or

health maintenance organization: …Health Plan in California, the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York, and the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound are generally regarded as innovators of this type of HMO. The MCF usually involves a number of insurance companies. The organization is a loose network of individual physicians, practicing individually…

Mary Gove Nichols: She edited the Health Journal and Advocate of Physiological Reform in 1840, and lectured widely on woman’s hygiene, physiology, and anatomy. In 1845 she founded a water-cure establishment in New York City and also began writing magazine articles and, under the pen name Mary Orme, fiction. Married in…

health law, the branch of law dealing with various aspects of health care, including the practices of caregivers and the rights of patients. Physicians historically have set their own standards of care, and their conduct has usually been judged by comparing it with that of other physicians. Ethical

health maintenance organization (HMO), organization, either public or private, that provides comprehensive medical care to a group of voluntary subscribers, on the basis of a prepaid contract. HMOs bring together in a single organization a broad range of health services and deliver those services

World Health Organization: …and drug standardization from the Health Organization of the League of Nations (set up in 1923) and the International Office of Public Health at Paris (established in 1907), WHO was given a broad mandate under its constitution to promote the attainment of “the highest possible level of health” by all…

radiation: Historical background: …radiation, have given rise to health physics. This field of study deals with the hazards of radiation and protection against such hazards. Moreover, since the advent of spaceflight in the late 1950s, certain kinds of radiation from space and their effects on human health have attracted much attention. The protons…

animal disease: Animals in research: the biomedical model: What do you think? Explore the ProCon debate

Health Savings Account (HSA), in the United States, a tax-advantaged savings account for individuals who are enrolled in high-deductible health insurance plans. HSAs came into existence with the passage of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA). The MMA, federal legislation that introduced a

UNISON: …Employees (formed 1905) and the Confederation of Health Service Employees (formed 1910). It maintains a separate political fund, which supports the activities of the Labour Party.

Cecil G. Sheps: …the field now known as health services research. He held many positions of leadership through his career, notably as founding director (1968–72) of the Health Services Research Center (renamed in 1991 the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH).

medical tourism, international travel for the purpose of receiving medical care. Many patients engage in medical tourism because the procedures they seek can be performed in other countries at relatively low cost and without the delay and inconvenience of being placed on a waiting list. In

quarantine: Early practices: …the introduction of bills of health, a form of certification that the last port of call was free from disease. A clean bill, with the visa of the consul of the country of arrival, entitled the ship to free pratique (use of the port) without quarantine. Quarantine was later extended…

Dwight D. Eisenhower: First term as president of Dwight D. Eisenhower: …the spring of 1953 the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was created.

public health: Variations among developed countries: …Union were directed by the Ministry of Health. Each of 15 republics of the union had its own ministry. Each republic was divided into oblasti (provinces), which in turn were divided into rayony (municipalities) and finally into uchastoki (districts). Each subdivision had its own health department accountable to the next…

antimicrobial agent: Side effects and drug resistance: …are common in hospitals (nosocomial infections), where patients whose immunity is decreased can be infected.

MRSA: Incidence and types: In contrast, HA-MRSA affects individuals in nosocomial settings, including nursing homes, hospitals, and dialysis facilities, and often causes blood infections, infections in surgical incisions, or pneumonia. Very young children and older adults or ill patients are particularly susceptible to MRSA infection.

United States: The Obamacare rollout: HealthCare.gov—the Web site that was established as a clearinghouse of information, a marketplace for insurance plans, and the place to apply for health coverage for those in 36 states—initially performed miserably. During its first weeks it operated slowly, erratically, or simply crashed, and far fewer…

food desert: Improving access to healthy foods: Barack Obama proposed the Healthy Food Financing Initiative (HFFI), which encouraged retailers to bring healthy foods to impoverished urban and rural communities. A large share of subsequent funding for HFFI went to community-development financial institutions for lending to food retailers in food deserts.

Sikhism: Sects: …to wear turbans is the Sikh Dharma of the Western Hemisphere, founded in the United States in 1971 by Harbhajan Singh, who was always known as Yogi Bhajan. It is commonly known as the 3HO movement (Healthy Happy Holy Organization), though this is, strictly speaking, the name only of its…

life expectancy: Another life expectancy calculation is healthy life expectancy (or disability-free life expectancy), which is the average number of years a person is expected to live in good health, or without disability, given current age-specific mortality rates and disease and disability prevalence rates. Calculation of those figures requires reliable health statistics…

Papish v. Board of Curators of the University of Missouri: The Supreme Court’s ruling: …before its own judgment in Healy v. James (1972), in which it held that officials at public colleges and universities have the ability and a responsibility to enforce reasonable rules governing student conduct. Yet, acknowledging its preceding decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969), in which it…

28 Notable Women Cricketers: Alyssa Healy: Alyssa Healy is a wicketkeeper for the Australian women’s national team. She had a middling batting record until 2017 but has since remodeled herself into a formidable opening batter. In 2018 she was Player of the Tournament in Australia’s women’s Twenty20 International (T20I)…

George Healy was an American academic painter of highly realistic portraits. The son of an Irish sea captain who died young, Healy had to start working at an early age to support the family. At age 18 he opened a studio in Boston, where he began his career as a portraitist. In 1834 he went to study

George Healy was an American academic painter of highly realistic portraits. The son of an Irish sea captain who died young, Healy had to start working at an early age to support the family. At age 18 he opened a studio in Boston, where he began his career as a portraitist. In 1834 he went to study

James Augustine Healy was the first African American Roman Catholic bishop in the United States and an advocate for children and Native Americans. Healy was one of 10 children born on a Georgia cotton plantation to an Irish immigrant and his common-law wife, an enslaved mixed-race woman. Because

T.M. Healy was a leader in the campaigns for Irish Home Rule and for agrarian reform, who served as the first governor-general of the Irish Free State. Working in England first as a railway clerk and then from 1878 in London as parliamentary correspondent of the Nation, Healy took part in Irish

the Three Stooges: …brother, Shemp, and longtime friend Ted Healy. Larry Fine, a comedian-violinist who had performed in a vaudeville act with his wife, joined Healy and the Howards in 1925. They performed in vaudeville for the next few years and achieved success on Broadway in the late 1920s as stars of Earl…

T.M. Healy was a leader in the campaigns for Irish Home Rule and for agrarian reform, who served as the first governor-general of the Irish Free State. Working in England first as a railway clerk and then from 1878 in London as parliamentary correspondent of the Nation, Healy took part in Irish

T.M. Healy was a leader in the campaigns for Irish Home Rule and for agrarian reform, who served as the first governor-general of the Irish Free State. Working in England first as a railway clerk and then from 1878 in London as parliamentary correspondent of the Nation, Healy took part in Irish

Sir Anton Dolin was a British ballet dancer, choreographer, and director who, with his frequent partner Alicia Markova, founded the Markova-Dolin companies and London’s Festival Ballet. Trained by the notable Russian teachers Serafima Astafieva and Bronislava Nijinska, Dolin began his ballet career

Seamus Heaney was an Irish poet whose work is notable for its evocation of Irish rural life and events in Irish history as well as for its allusions to Irish myth. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995. After graduating from Queen’s University, Belfast (B.A., 1961), Heaney taught

Seamus Heaney was an Irish poet whose work is notable for its evocation of Irish rural life and events in Irish history as well as for its allusions to Irish myth. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995. After graduating from Queen’s University, Belfast (B.A., 1961), Heaney taught

X-ray telescope: …the late 1970s by two High-Energy Astronomy Observatories (HEAOs), which explored cosmic X-ray sources. HEAO-1 mapped the X-ray sources with high sensitivity and high resolution. Some of the more interesting of these objects were studied in detail by HEAO-2 (named the Einstein Observatory).

Riccardo Giacconi: Called the Einstein Observatory (launched 1978), it examined stellar atmospheres and supernova remnants, identified many X-ray double stars (some containing suspected black holes), and detected X-ray sources in other galaxies. In 1976 Giacconi proposed a still more powerful instrument, which was finally launched in 1999 as the…

gold processing: Cyanidation: …extracting gold from low-grade ores, heap leaching is practiced. The huge heaps described above are sprayed with a dilute solution of sodium cyanide, and this percolates down through the piled ore, dissolving the gold.

Edgar A. Guest: His first book, A Heap o’ Livin’ (1916), named for his famous lines “It takes a heap o’ livin’ in a house t’ make it home,” became a best-seller and was followed by similar collections of his optimistic rhymes on such subjects as home, mother, and the virtue…

Edward R. Murrow: Friendly he produced Hear It Now, an authoritative hour-long weekly news digest, and moved on to television with a comparable series, See It Now. Murrow was a notable force for the free and uncensored dissemination of information during the American anticommunist hysteria of the early 1950s. In 1954…

Haruki Murakami: Education, a baseball-induced epiphany, and writing his first novel: …no uta o kike (1979; Hear the Wind Sing; film 1980), in about six months. The book won a prize for best fiction by a new writer.

Roxane Gay: Podcast, newsletter, and other projects: Her podcast Hear to Slay, a collaboration with American author and critic Tressie McMillan Cottom, features interviews with high-profile women, such as American politician, lawyer, activist, and writer Stacey Abrams and American director, producer, and writer Ava DuVernay. Gay’s weekly newsletter, The Audacity, which showcases her own…

Malcolm Lowry: A collection of short stories, Hear Us O Lord from Heaven Thy Dwelling Place, appeared in 1961, and Selected Poems the next year. His Selected Letters, edited by his wife and Harvey Breit, was published in 1965. An unfinished novel, Dark as the Grave Wherein My Friend Is Laid (1968),…

Heard Island and McDonald Islands, subantarctic island groups, together forming an external territory of Australia and lying in the southern Indian Ocean 2,500 miles (4,000 km) southwest of Perth. Volcanic in origin, Heard Island is 27 miles (43 km) long, 13 miles (21 km) wide, and rises to 9,005

Heard Island and McDonald Islands, subantarctic island groups, together forming an external territory of Australia and lying in the southern Indian Ocean 2,500 miles (4,000 km) southwest of Perth. Volcanic in origin, Heard Island is 27 miles (43 km) long, 13 miles (21 km) wide, and rises to 9,005

Walter Munk: This culminated in the 1991 Heard Island experiment, in which sound signals were transmitted from instruments 150 metres (492 feet) below the ocean’s surface to receivers around the world. The project used the speed at which the signals transmitted to measure the temperature of the water. He cowrote the definitive…

Johnny Depp: Music and personal life: …2015 Depp wed the actress Amber Heard, and their tumultuous marriage became tabloid fodder. Heard notably accused him of physically assaulting her and alleged that he had substance abuse issues. They divorced in 2016, and two years later Heard wrote an op-ed for The Washington Post claiming that she was…

Home Alone: …the night before Peter (John Heard) and Kate McCallister (Catherine O’Hara) and their five children are scheduled to leave for Paris with Peter’s brother and sister-in-law and their children. During a chaotic dinner with all the family members, the McCallisters’ youngest child, Kevin (Culkin), is teased by his siblings…

Sarah Burton is an English fashion designer who was creative director for the Alexander McQueen label (2010–23) and later for Givenchy (2024– ). Heard studied art at Manchester Polytechnic before attending London’s Central Saint Martin’s College of Art and Design. While still in school, she became

hearing, in biology, physiological process of perceiving sound. See ear; mechanoreception; perception; sound

hearing, in law, a trial. More specifically, a hearing is the formal examination of a cause, civil or criminal, before a judge according to the laws of a particular jurisdiction. In common usage a hearing also refers to any formal proceeding before a court. In reference to criminal procedure a

hearing aid, device that increases the loudness of sounds in the ear of the wearer. The earliest aid was the ear trumpet, characterized by a large mouth at one end for collecting the sound energy from a large area and a gradually tapering tube to a narrow orifice for insertion in the ear. Modern

guide dog, dog that is professionally trained to guide, protect, or aid its master. Systematic training of guide dogs originated in Germany during World War I to aid blinded veterans. Seeing Eye dog, a moniker often used synonymously with guide dog, refers to a guide dog trained by The Seeing Eye,

deafness, partial or total inability to hear. The two principal types of deafness are conduction deafness and nerve deafness. In conduction deafness, there is interruption of the sound vibrations in their passage from the outer world to the nerve cells in the inner ear. The obstacle may be earwax

deafness, partial or total inability to hear. The two principal types of deafness are conduction deafness and nerve deafness. In conduction deafness, there is interruption of the sound vibrations in their passage from the outer world to the nerve cells in the inner ear. The obstacle may be earwax

human ear: Hearing tests: Before the development of electroacoustic equipment for generating and measuring sound, the available tests of hearing gave approximate answers at best. A person’s hearing could be specified in terms of the ability to distinguish the ticking of a watch or the clicking of…

Leonora Carrington: …artist published her best-known novel, The Hearing Trumpet—a surrealistic story of an elderly woman who learns of her family’s plan to commit her to a retirement home, which she discovers is a magical and strange place. In the 1990s Carrington began creating large bronze sculptures, a selection of which were…

Lafcadio Hearn was a writer, translator, and teacher who introduced the culture and literature of Japan to the West. Hearn grew up in Dublin. After a brief and spasmodic education in England and France, he immigrated to the United States at 19. He settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, working at various

Lafcadio Hearn was a writer, translator, and teacher who introduced the culture and literature of Japan to the West. Hearn grew up in Dublin. After a brief and spasmodic education in England and France, he immigrated to the United States at 19. He settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, working at various

Samuel Hearne was an English seaman, fur trader, and explorer, the first European to make an overland trip to the Arctic Ocean in what is now Canada. He was also the first to show the trend of the Arctic shore. At the age of 11, Hearne became a midshipman in the British Royal Navy. From 1766 he

Thomas Hearne was an English historian and antiquarian whose editions of English medieval chronicles were important sources for subsequent historians. Educated at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, Hearne acted as assistant librarian of Oxford’s Bodleian Library between 1699 and 1715 and did much to index

Thomas Hearns is an American boxer who became, in 1987, the first person to win world titles in four weight divisions. Renowned as a devastating puncher (rather than as a boxer who relied on textbook technique), Hearns ultimately won world titles in five weight classes (welterweight, light

Thomas Hearns is an American boxer who became, in 1987, the first person to win world titles in four weight divisions. Renowned as a devastating puncher (rather than as a boxer who relied on textbook technique), Hearns ultimately won world titles in five weight classes (welterweight, light

hearsay, in Anglo-American law, testimony that consists of what the witness has heard others say. United States and English courts may refuse to admit testimony that depends for its value upon the truthfulness and accuracy of one who is neither under oath nor available for cross-examination. The

Hearst Castle, main residence of an estate in San Simeon, California, that originally belonged to William Randolph Hearst. The Mediterranean Revival mansion was designed by Julia Morgan in 1919–47 and is known for its opulence. Since 1958 the castle and estate have been part of the Hearst San