Louis Hennepin was a Franciscan missionary who, with the celebrated explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, penetrated the Great Lakes in 1679 to the region of Illinois and wrote the first published description of the country. Hennepin joined the Récollet Order of Friars Minor, Béthune,

Jean-Jacques Henner was a French painter, best known for his sensuous pictures of nymphs and naiads in vague landscape settings and of idealized, almost symbolist, heads of young women and girls. He also painted a number of portraits in a straightforward naturalistic manner. Henner studied at

Taxi: Cast and characters: …single mother Elaine Nardo (Marilu Henner), boxer Tony Banta (Tony Danza), and addled ex-hippie “Reverend Jim” Ignatowski (Christopher Lloyd). Overseeing the drivers is cantankerous dispatcher Louie DePalma (Danny DeVito), while mild-mannered mechanic Latka Gravas (Andy Kaufman) keeps the cabs running.

Stefan Persson: …(1998–2020) and CEO (1982–98) of Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) retail clothing store.

Stefan Persson: …(1998–2020) and CEO (1982–98) of Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) retail clothing store.

Willi Hennig was a German zoologist recognized as the leading proponent of the cladistic school of phylogenetic systematics. According to this school of thought, taxonomic classifications should reflect exclusively, so far as possible, genealogical relationships. In effect, organisms would be

dress: Colonial America: …men and women wore a steeple hat of felt or the more expensive beaver. Men also wore the montero cap, which had a flap that could be turned down, and the Monmouth cap, a kind of stocking cap. Women of all ages wore a French hood, especially in winter, when…

magic: …the popularity of stage illusion, Doug Henning revitalized the art by appearing on Broadway in the 1970s and paved the way for the success of the magic show of David Copperfield and the Las Vegas extravaganza of Siegfried and Roy. What may have been the most lasting contribution to the…

magic: …the popularity of stage illusion, Doug Henning revitalized the art by appearing on Broadway in the 1970s and paved the way for the success of the magic show of David Copperfield and the Las Vegas extravaganza of Siegfried and Roy. What may have been the most lasting contribution to the…

RDX: Georg Friedrich Henning of Germany and patented in 1898 but not used until World War II, when most of the warring powers introduced it. Relatively safe and inexpensive to manufacture, RDX was produced on a large scale in the United States by a secret process…

Hill and Adamson: …Edinburgh, and of the sculptor John Henning (before 1849), show a masterful sense of form and composition and dramatic use of light and shade.

ancient Iran: Rise of Ardashīr I: …Nöldeke’s calculations by another German, Walter Bruno Henning, by which the principal events are dated about two years earlier. Another alternative was proposed by the Iranian scholar Sayyid Hasan Taqizadeh, who preferred a sequence by which the same events are placed about six months later than the dates established by…

theatre: The influence of Piscator: …artists that included Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings, Tristan Tzara, and Jean Arp took on the mantle of Alfred Jarry. Whereas Jarry had assaulted the audience through an unusual play, the Dadaists began the disintegration of form entirely. Songs were written with only sounds for lyrics. Ball wrote verses without words.…

French literature: Naturalism: Léon Hennique, and Paul Alexis. The Naturalists purported to take a more scientifically analytic approach to the presentation of reality than had their predecessors, treating dissection as a prerequisite for description. Hence Zola’s attachment to the term naturalisme, borrowed from Hippolyte Taine, the positivist philosopher…

Ann Bailey was an American scout, a colourful figure in fact and legend during the decades surrounding the American Revolutionary War. Ann Hennis moved to America, probably as an indentured servant, in 1761. Her first husband, Richard Trotter, a Shenandoah Valley settler and survivor of General

childhood disease and disorder: Connective-tissue disorders: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (anaphylactoid purpura) is the most common connective-tissue disorder in children. It is characterized by a purpuric rash, painful swollen joints, and abdominal pain with vomiting. In a minority of patients, the kidneys become involved and nephritis develops; this is the only complication that…

sauropterygian: …placodonts evolved dermal armour, with Henodus having a shell comparable to that of a turtle. However, some paleontologists consider these similarities to some advanced plesiosaurs superficial, perhaps entirely due to convergent evolution, and they no longer recognize placodonts as particularly close to sauropterygians.

henogamy, the custom by which one, and only one, member of a family is permitted to marry. The classic example is that of the patrilineal Nambūdiri Brahmans of Malabār in Tamil Nadu, India; among them, only eldest sons were permitted to marry Nambūdiri women and have legitimate children. The custom

celestial mechanics: Chaotic orbits: The French astronomer Michel Hénon and the American astronomer Carl Heiles discovered that when a system exhibiting periodic motion, such as a pendulum, is perturbed by an external force that is also periodic, some initial conditions lead to motions where the state of the system becomes essentially unpredictable…

polytheism: The nature of polytheism: …the 19th century the terms henotheism and kathenotheism were used to refer to the exalting of a particular god as exclusively the highest within the framework of a particular hymn or ritual—e.g., in the hymns of the Vedas (the ancient sacred texts of India). This process often consisted in loading…

Acacian Schism: …drew up an edict, the Henotikon (Greek: “Edict of Union”), by which he attempted to secure unity between Chalcedonian Christians and miaphysites (supporters of a doctrine asserting that Jesus has a single nature). The Henotikon’s theological formula incorporated the decisions of the general Councils of Nicaea (325) and Constantinople (381)…

Paul Henreid was an Austrian-born actor whose elegant sophistication and middle-European accent made him ideal for romantic leading roles in such motion pictures as Casablanca (1942) and Now, Voyager (1942). Henreid, the son of an aristocratic Viennese banker, trained for the theatre in Vienna and

Paul Henreid was an Austrian-born actor whose elegant sophistication and middle-European accent made him ideal for romantic leading roles in such motion pictures as Casablanca (1942) and Now, Voyager (1942). Henreid, the son of an aristocratic Viennese banker, trained for the theatre in Vienna and

Luxembourg: Independent Luxembourg: …by his son, Crown Prince Henri, who in 2001 became the first member of the Luxembourgian royal family to open a session of parliament since 1877.

Berlin 1936 Olympic Games: Background: Henri de Baillet-Latour, and the organization’s future president Sigfrid Edström—look like lax liberals. So fiercely anticommunist was Brundage that, upon returning home from the Los Angeles Games in 1932 and discovering that a socialist workers’ counter-Olympics had been held on the campus of the University…

Henry of Hainault was the second and most able of the Latin emperors of Constantinople, who reigned from 1206 to 1216 and consolidated the power of the new empire. Son of Baldwin V, count of Hainaut, and younger brother of Baldwin I, the first Latin emperor, Henry began the conquest of Asia Minor

Henry of Ghent was a Scholastic philosopher and theologian, one of the most illustrious teachers of his time, who was a great adversary of St. Thomas Aquinas. His controversial writings influenced his contemporaries and followers, particularly postmedieval Platonists. After studying at Tournai,

Henri I de Lorraine, 3e duc de Guise was a popular duke of Guise, the acknowledged chief of the Catholic party and the Holy League during the French Wars of Religion. Henri de Lorraine was 13 years old at the death of his father, François, the 2nd duke (1563), and grew up under the domination of a

Henry of Hainault was the second and most able of the Latin emperors of Constantinople, who reigned from 1206 to 1216 and consolidated the power of the new empire. Son of Baldwin V, count of Hainaut, and younger brother of Baldwin I, the first Latin emperor, Henry began the conquest of Asia Minor

Henry IV was the king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and the first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de

Saint-Porchaire faience, lead-glazed earthenware (inaccurately called faience, or tin-glazed ware) made in the second quarter of the 16th century at Saint-Porchaire in the département of Deux-Sèvres, France. Its uniqueness consisted in its method of decoration, which took the form of impressions

warship: Gun-armed warships: …Henry VIII’s best-known warship, the Henry Grâce à Dieu, had 186 guns. Most of these were small, but they also included a number of iron “great guns.”

Henri I, duke de Montmorency was the duke de Montmorency, brother of François de Montmorency and a leader of the moderate Roman Catholic party of the Politiques during the French Wars of Religion. Under the title of Sieur de Damville, by which he is usually remembered, Montmorency fought in various

Western painting: Britain: …painting, too, was transformed: Bonington’s “Henri III and the English Ambassador” (1827–28; Wallace Collection, London), while testifying to a sustained delight in the medieval world, already betrays commensurate interest in period detail and the finer points of human insight. The authentic, domestic treatment of biblical themes at the hands of…

Henri I de Lorraine, 3e duc de Guise was a popular duke of Guise, the acknowledged chief of the Catholic party and the Holy League during the French Wars of Religion. Henri de Lorraine was 13 years old at the death of his father, François, the 2nd duke (1563), and grew up under the domination of a

Henry I was the king of Navarre (1270–74) and count (as Henry III) of Champagne. Henry was the youngest son of Theobald I of Navarre by Margaret of Foix. He succeeded his eldest brother, Theobald II (Thibaut V), in both kingdom and countship in December 1270. By his marriage (1269) to Blanche,

Henri Pittier National Park, park in the Cordillera de la Costa, Aragua estado (state), Venezuela, occupying an area of 350 sq mi (900 sq km) between Lago (lake) de Valencia and the Caribbean. It is Venezuela’s oldest national park. It was established in 1937, largely through the efforts of Henri

Heinrich Mann: His novel Henri Quatre (two parts, 1935 and 1938) represents his ideal of the humane use of power.

Florence Henri was an American-born Swiss photographer and painter associated with the Bauhaus and best known for her use of mirrors and unusual angles to create disorienting photographs. By mid-adolescence Henri had lost both her parents. She was raised by an array of extended family members in

Robert Henri was an urban realist painter, a leader of The Eight and the Ashcan School and one of the most influential teachers of art in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. Henri studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, from 1884 to 1888, and at both

Voltaire: Heritage and youth: This Henriade is spoiled by its pedantic imitation of Virgil’s Aeneid, but his contemporaries saw only the generous ideal of tolerance that inspired the poem. These literary triumphs earned him a pension from the regent and the warm approval of the young queen, Marie. He thus…

canals and inland waterways: Boat lifts: …were constructed in 1899 at Henrichenburg, Germany, for 600-ton vessels and in 1938 at Magdeburg, Germany, for 1,000-ton vessels, and in 1962 a lift at Henrichenburg could accommodate 1,350-ton vessels.

Henrician Articles, (1573) statement of the rights and privileges of the Polish gentry (szlachta) that all elected kings of Poland, beginning with Henry of Valois (elected May 11, 1573), were obliged to confirm and that severely limited the authority of the Polish monarchy. After King Sigismund II

yacht: Transatlantic racing and global circumnavigation: >Henrietta. Henrietta, owned by the American newspaper publisher James Gordon Bennett, won in 13 days of sailing. The first single-sailor transatlantic voyage was made in a 6-metre boat by Alfred Johnson in 1876 to commemorate the centenary of U.S. independence. The first single-handed race in…

Charlotte Lennox: The Female Quixote (1752) and Henrietta (1758) followed. She attempted to write for the stage as well but met with only slight success.

Henrietta Anne Of England was an English princess and duchesse d’Orléans, a notable figure at the court of her brother-in-law King Louis XIV of France. The youngest child of England’s King Charles I (beheaded 1649), she was reared as an exile by her mother, Henrietta Maria, in Paris. Her brother

Henrietta Maria was the French wife of King Charles I of England and mother of Kings Charles II and James II. By openly practicing Roman Catholicism at court, she alienated many of Charles’s subjects, but during the first part of the English Civil Wars she displayed courage and determination in

Henrietta Anne Of England was an English princess and duchesse d’Orléans, a notable figure at the court of her brother-in-law King Louis XIV of France. The youngest child of England’s King Charles I (beheaded 1649), she was reared as an exile by her mother, Henrietta Maria, in Paris. Her brother

Henrietta Maria was the French wife of King Charles I of England and mother of Kings Charles II and James II. By openly practicing Roman Catholicism at court, she alienated many of Charles’s subjects, but during the first part of the English Civil Wars she displayed courage and determination in

number game: Pioneers and imitators: … was published in 1630, and Denis Henrion, whose Les Récréations mathématiques avec l’examen de ses problèmes en arithmétique, géométrie, méchanique, cosmographie, optique, catoptrique, etc., based largely upon Mydorge’s book, appeared in 1659. Leurechon’s book, meanwhile, had found its way into Germany: Daniel Schwenter, a professor of Hebrew, Oriental languages, and…

Saurimo, city, northeastern Angola. Located at an elevation of 3,557 feet (1,084 metres) above sea level, it is a garrison town and local market centre. Saurimo was formerly named after Henrique de Carvalho, a Portuguese explorer who visited the region in 1884 and contacted the Lunda peoples there

Henry was the king of Portugal and a Roman Catholic ecclesiastic whose brief reign (1578–80) was dominated by the problem of succession. His failure to decisively designate a successor left the Portuguese throne at his death prey to its Spanish claimant, King Philip II. Henry, son of Manuel I,

Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese prince noted for his patronage of voyages of discovery among the Madeira Islands and along the western coast of Africa. The epithet Navigator, applied to him by the English (though seldom by Portuguese writers), is a misnomer, as he himself never embarked on any

Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese prince noted for his patronage of voyages of discovery among the Madeira Islands and along the western coast of Africa. The epithet Navigator, applied to him by the English (though seldom by Portuguese writers), is a misnomer, as he himself never embarked on any

Pedro Henríquez Ureña was a critic, philologian, educator, and essayist, one of the most influential critic-scholars in 20th-century Latin America. Henríquez Ureña was also one of its best prose writers. Henríquez Ureña’s father, a doctor, became president of the Dominican Republic, and his mother

Otto I: Early years: …939, however, Otto’s younger brother Henry revolted; he was joined by Eberhard of Franconia and by Giselbert of Lotharingia and supported by the French king Louis IV. Otto was again victorious: Eberhard fell in battle, Giselbert was drowned in flight, and Henry submitted to his brother. Nevertheless, in 941 Henry…

henry, unit of either self-inductance or mutual inductance, abbreviated H, and named for the American physicist Joseph Henry. One henry is the value of self-inductance in a closed circuit or coil in which one volt is produced by a variation of the inducing current of one ampere per second. One

Henry was the king of Portugal and a Roman Catholic ecclesiastic whose brief reign (1578–80) was dominated by the problem of succession. His failure to decisively designate a successor left the Portuguese throne at his death prey to its Spanish claimant, King Philip II. Henry, son of Manuel I,

Henry (VII) was a German king (from 1220), son of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. After apparently spending most of his youth in Germany, Henry was crowned king of Sicily in 1212 and made duke of Swabia in 1216. Pope Innocent III had favoured his coronation as king of Sicily in the hope that

Afonso I: …of Portugal to Afonso’s father, Henry of Burgundy, who successfully defended it against the Muslims (1095–1112). Henry married Alfonso VI’s illegitimate daughter, Teresa, who governed Portugal from the time of her husband’s death (1112) until her son Afonso came of age. She refused to cede her power to Afonso, but…

Philip Kaufman: Adaptations: Kaufman wrote the erotic drama Henry & June (1990) with his wife, Rose. It was based on Anaïs Nin’s memoir about her relationship with Henry Miller and his wife, June. Fred Ward played Miller, who is trying to write Tropic of Cancer in between trysts, while Uma Thurman was the…

children’s literature: Contemporary times: … (1953), Onion John (1958), and Henry 3 (1967), the last about a boy with an I.Q. of 154 trying to get along in a society antagonistic to brains. The candid suburban studies of E.L. Konigsburg introduced a new sophistication. Her 1968 Newbery Medal winner, From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs.…

Iris Murdoch: … (1968), The Black Prince (1973), Henry and Cato (1976), The Sea, the Sea (1978, Booker Prize), The Philosopher’s Pupil (1983), The Good Apprentice (1985), The Book and the Brotherhood (1987), The Message to the Planet (1989), and The Green Knight (1993). Murdoch’s last

chinquapin: The Henry chinquapin (C. henryi), an ornamental and timber tree native to China, sometimes attains a height of 28 metres (92 feet).

fingerprint: The Galton-Henry system of fingerprint classification, published in June 1900, was officially introduced at Scotland Yard in 1901 and quickly became the basis for its criminal-identification records. The system was adopted immediately by law-enforcement agencies in the English-speaking countries of the world and is now the…

Henry IV was the king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and the first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de

Henry Draper Catalogue (HD), listing of the positions, magnitudes, and spectral types of stars in all parts of the sky; with it began the present alphabetical system (see stellar classification) of classifying stars by spectral type. The catalog, named in honour of American astronomer Henry Draper

Annie Jump Cannon: …11th magnitude for the two-volume Henry Draper Extension (1925, 1949). The work was an invaluable contribution to astronomy, bearing strongly on countless other problems and areas of research and exerting major influence on the evolution of the science of astronomy from one of mere observation to one of great theoretical…

Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, library and cultural institution created in 1919 at San Marino, Calif., near Los Angeles, by Henry E. Huntington and left as a public trust upon his death. Huntington, a railroad tycoon, began collecting books early in the 20th century,

Henry Esmond, historical novel by William Makepeace Thackeray, published in three volumes in 1852. The story, narrated by Esmond, begins in 1691 when he is 12 and ends in 1718. Its complexity of incident is given unity by Esmond and his second cousin Beatrix, who stand out against a background of

Frida Kahlo: Marriage to Diego Rivera and travels to the United States: In Henry Ford Hospital (1932) Kahlo depicted herself hemorrhaging on a hospital bed amid a barren landscape, and in My Birth (1932) she painted a rather taboo scene of a shrouded woman giving birth.

Henry Ford: Later years of Henry Ford: …what later was named the Henry Ford Museum and filled it with American artifacts and antiques from the era of his youth when American society was almost wholly agrarian. In short, he was a man who baffled even those who had the opportunity to observe him close at hand, all…

The appearance of this article in Britannica’s 13th Edition (1926) epitomized one of the changes in editorial policy at that time, the decision to do away with as much as possible of the ponderousness and abstruseness that, at least in the popular mind, characterized much of the encyclopedia’s

warship: Gun-armed warships: …Henry VIII’s best-known warship, the Henry Grâce à Dieu, had 186 guns. Most of these were small, but they also included a number of iron “great guns.”

Beverly Cleary: In 1950 her first book, Henry Huggins, was published, and, ever since, middle-grade schoolchildren have enjoyed reading about the adventures of its eponymous hero and his friends, including Beezus and Ramona Quimby, on Klickitat Street, a real street near Cleary’s childhood home in Portland. Cleary’s books realistically portray ordinary children…

Henry I was the king of Castile from 1214 to 1217. Henry was the son of Alfonso VIII of Castile and his wife Eleanor, daughter of Henry II of England, after whom he was named. He was killed, while still a boy, by the fall of a tile from a roof. Sovereignty over Castile was then assumed by Alfonso

Henry Christophe was a leader in the war of Haitian independence (1791–1804) and later president (1807–11) and self-proclaimed King Henry I (1811–20) of northern Haiti. The facts of Christophe’s early life are questionable and confused. An official document issued on his own order gives the birth

Hessen: History of Hessen: …the territory to her son, Henry I (the Child), who founded the Brabant dynasty of Hessen and in 1292 was raised to the rank of a prince of the Holy Roman Empire.

Henry I was the youngest and ablest of William I the Conqueror’s sons, who, as king of England (1100–35), strengthened the crown’s executive powers and, like his father, also ruled Normandy (from 1106). Henry was crowned at Westminster on August 5, 1100, three days after his brother, King William

Henry I was the king of Navarre (1270–74) and count (as Henry III) of Champagne. Henry was the youngest son of Theobald I of Navarre by Margaret of Foix. He succeeded his eldest brother, Theobald II (Thibaut V), in both kingdom and countship in December 1270. By his marriage (1269) to Blanche,

Henry I was the king of France from 1026 to 1060 whose reign was marked by struggles against rebellious vassals. The son of Robert II the Pious and grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty, Henry was anointed king at Reims (1026) in his father’s lifetime, following the death of his

Henry I was a German king and founder of the Saxon dynasty (918–1024) who strengthened the East Frankish, or German, army, encouraged the growth of towns, brought Lotharingia (Lorraine) back under German control (925), and secured German borders against pagan incursions. The son of Otto the

Henry III was the duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI, 1027–41), duke of Swabia (as Henry I, 1038–45), German king (from 1039), and Holy Roman emperor (1046–56), a member of the Salian dynasty. The last emperor able to dominate the papacy, he was a powerful advocate of the Cluniac reform movement that

’s-Hertogenbosch: Chartered in 1185 by Henry I, duke of Brabant, who had a hunting lodge nearby (hence the name, meaning “the duke’s wood”), it was an important medieval wool centre and became a bishopric in 1559. The town saw many sieges owing to its strategic position on the Catholic-Protestant line…

France: Principalities north of the Loire: …sons Theobald V (1152–91) and Henry (1152–81), themselves prestigious lords; and the Champagne of Henry the Liberal was among the richest, best organized, and most cultured French lands of its day.

Otto III: …child king was seized by Henry II the Quarrelsome, the deposed duke of Bavaria, in an attempt to secure the regency, if not the throne, for himself. In May 984, however, Henry was forced by the imperial diet to turn the child over to his mother, who served as regent…

Henry II was the duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, one of the leading Roman Catholic princes attempting to stem the Reformation in Germany. Always a loyal supporter of the Habsburg emperors, Henry tried to restore Roman Catholicism in his realm but was defeated by John Frederick I the Magnanimous of

Henry II was the king of Castile from 1369, founder of the house of Trastámara, which lasted until 1504. The illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile, Henry rebelled against his younger half brother, Peter I (Peter the Cruel), invaded Castile with French aid in 1366, and was crowned king at

Crusades: The final loss of the Crusader states: …again chose a native ruler, Henry II of Cyprus.

Henry II was the duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154), who greatly expanded his Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. His quarrels with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury,

Henry II was the king of France from 1547 to 1559, a competent administrator who was also a vigorous suppressor of Protestants within his kingdom. The second son of Francis I and Claude of France, Henry was sent with his brother Francis, the dauphin, as a hostage to Spain in 1526 and did not return

Henry II ; canonized 1146; feast day July 13) was the duke of Bavaria (as Henry IV, 995–1005), German king (from 1002), and Holy Roman emperor (1014–24), last of the Saxon dynasty of emperors. He was canonized by Pope Eugenius III, more than 100 years after his death, in response to church-inspired

Henry II was the king of Navarre from 1516 who for the rest of his life attempted by force and negotiation to regain territories of his kingdom that had been lost by his parents, Catherine de Foix and Jean d’Albret, in 1514. In February 1516, when his mother died, Henry fell heir to the House of

Batu: …Europe, one Mongol army defeated Henry II, Duke of Silesia (now in Poland), on April 9, 1241; another army led by Batu himself defeated the Hungarians two days later.

Henry X was a margrave of Tuscany, duke of Saxony (as Henry II), and duke of Bavaria. He was a member of the Welf dynasty, whose policies helped to launch the feud between the Welf and the Hohenstaufen dynasties that was to influence German politics for more than a century. Upon his father’s death

Henry II Jasomirgott was the first duke of Austria, a member of the House of Babenberg who increased the dynasty’s power in Austria by obtaining the Privilegium Minus (a grant of special privileges and a reduction of obligations toward the empire) from the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa

Henry X was a margrave of Tuscany, duke of Saxony (as Henry II), and duke of Bavaria. He was a member of the Welf dynasty, whose policies helped to launch the feud between the Welf and the Hohenstaufen dynasties that was to influence German politics for more than a century. Upon his father’s death

Western architecture: Mannerism: …known as the style of Henry II, although it actually was produced under five different kings, beginning late in the reign of Francis I.

Henry The Young King was the second son of King Henry II of England by Eleanor of Aquitaine; he was regarded, after the death of his elder brother, William, in 1156, as his father’s successor in England, Normandy, and Anjou. In 1158 Henry, only three years of age, was betrothed to Margaret,

Henry III was the duke of Saxony (1142–80) and of Bavaria (as Henry XII, 1156–80), a strong supporter of the emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Henry spent his early years recovering his ancestral lands of Saxony (1142) and Bavaria (1154–56), thereafter founding the city of Munich (1157), enhancing