digestive system disease: Acute hepatocellular hepatitis: Although a number of viruses affect the liver, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, which causes infectious mononucleosis, there are three distinctive transmissible viruses that are specifically known to cause acute damage to liver cells: hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and…

jaundice: The second type, hepatocellular jaundice, arises when liver cells are damaged so severely that their ability to transport bilirubin diglucoronide into the biliary system is reduced, allowing some of the yellow pigment to regurgitate into the bloodstream. The third type, cholestatic, or obstructive, jaundice, occurs when essentially normal…

digestive system disease: Liver: …the three functional components: the hepatocyte (liver cell), the bile secretory (cholangiolar) apparatus, or the blood vascular system. Although an agent tends to cause initial damage in only one of these areas, the resulting disease may in time also involve other components. Thus, although viral hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)…

Wilson disease, a rare hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal copper transport that results in the accumulation of copper in tissues, such as the brain and liver. The disorder is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain (large group of nuclei involved

liver cancer: Most malignant liver tumours are hepatomas, also called hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which begin in the functional cells of the liver. HCCs account for 75 to 85 percent of all liver cancers. Other types of liver cancer develop from blood vessels (hemangiosarcomas), small bile ducts (cholangiocarcinomas), or immature liver cells (hepatoblastomas).…

horseshoe crab: Natural history: …a large organ called the hepatopancreas. The principal organs of excretion are long coxal glands that open just behind the base of the fourth pair of legs. The chief ganglia (masses of nervous tissue) are fused into a ring around the esophagus. The gonads (reproductive organs) branch profusely through much…

liverwort, (division Marchantiophyta), any of more than 9,000 species of small nonvascular spore-producing plants. Liverworts are distributed worldwide, though most commonly in the tropics. Thallose liverworts, which are branching and ribbonlike, grow commonly on moist soil or damp rocks, while

digestive system disease: Hepatorenal syndrome: Hepatorenal syndrome, a progressive reduction in kidney function that often occurs in persons with advanced acute or chronic liver disease, probably results from an inadequate flow of blood through the cortical (outer) portions of the kidneys, where most removal of waste products occurs.…

Mesopotamian religion: The magical arts: …would send an enlightening dream—and hepatoscopy—examining the entrails, particularly the liver, of a lamb or kid sacrificed for a divinatory purpose, to read what the god had “written” there by interpreting variations in form and shape. In the 2nd and 1st millennia bce large and detailed handbooks in hepatoscopy were…

Hebat, in the religions of Asia Minor, a Hurrian goddess, the consort of the weather god Teshub. She was called Queen of Heaven and was assimilated by the Hittites to their national goddess, the sun goddess of Arinna. Teshub and Hebat had cult centres at Kummanni (classical Comana Cappadociae) and

United States: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive movement: The outcome—the Hepburn Act of 1906—was his own personal triumph; it greatly enlarged the ICC’s jurisdiction and forbade railroads to increase rates without its approval. By using the same tactics of aggressive leadership, Roosevelt in 1906 also obtained passage of a Meat Inspection Act and a Pure…

Legal Tender Cases: In Hepburn v. Griswold (February 7, 1870), the Court ruled by a four-to-three majority that Congress lacked the power to make the notes legal tender. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, despite his involvement in passage of the Legal Tender Act as secretary of the Treasury during…

Audrey Hepburn was a Belgian-born British actress known for her radiant beauty and style, her ability to project an air of sophistication tempered by a charming innocence, and her tireless efforts to aid children in need. Her parents were the Dutch baroness Ella Van Heemstra and Joseph Victor

Francis Stewart Hepburn, 5th earl of Bothwell , was a nephew of the 4th earl. By his dissolute and proud behaviour, he caused King James VI of Scotland (afterward James I of Great Britain) to gradually consider him a rival and a threat to the Scottish crown and was made an outlaw. Through his

James Hepburn, 4th earl of Bothwell was the third husband of Mary, Queen of Scots. He evidently engineered the murder of Mary’s second husband, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, thereby precipitating the revolt of the Scottish nobles and Mary’s flight to England, where she was imprisoned by Queen

Ōmura Masujirō: …period he studied English under James Curtis Hepburn, an American missionary, who later devised a romanized system for the Japanese language and who was then working for the Japanese government. Ōmura also studied Western military strategy.

Katharine Hepburn was an indomitable American stage and film actress, known as a spirited performer with a touch of eccentricity. She introduced into her roles a strength of character previously considered to be undesirable in Hollywood leading ladies. As an actress, she was noted for her brisk

Katharine Hepburn was an indomitable American stage and film actress, known as a spirited performer with a touch of eccentricity. She introduced into her roles a strength of character previously considered to be undesirable in Hollywood leading ladies. As an actress, she was noted for her brisk

Alexander the Great: Campaign eastward to Central Asia: …commanded by Alexander’s oldest friend, Hephaestion, the other by Cleitus, an older man. From Phrada, Alexander pressed on during the winter of 330–329 up the valley of the Helmand River, through Arachosia, and over the mountains past the site of modern Kābul into the country of the Paropamisadae, where he…

Hephaestion was a Greek metrist, author of a work on metre in 48 books, which was reduced, by successive abridgments, to form a manual (Greek encheiridion). The manual became a popular school book, and it alone survives. It is the only complete ancient work on metrics extant. Appendixes dealing

Hephaestus, in Greek mythology, the god of fire. Originally a deity of Asia Minor and the adjoining islands (in particular Lemnos), Hephaestus had an important place of worship at the Lycian Olympus. His cult reached Athens not later than about 600 bce (although it scarcely touched Greece proper)

Theseum, temple in Athens dedicated to Hephaestus and Athena as patrons of the arts and crafts. Its style indicates that this, the best-preserved ancient Greek temple in the world, is slightly older than the Parthenon (i.e., c. 450–440 bc), and its unknown architect may even have changed his plan

Hephaestus, in Greek mythology, the god of fire. Originally a deity of Asia Minor and the adjoining islands (in particular Lemnos), Hephaestus had an important place of worship at the Lycian Olympus. His cult reached Athens not later than about 600 bce (although it scarcely touched Greece proper)

Hephthalite, member of a people important in the history of India and Persia during the 5th and 6th centuries ce. According to Chinese chronicles, they were originally a tribe living to the north of the Great Wall and were known as Hoa or Hoadun. Elsewhere they were called White Huns or Hunas. They

swift, (family Hepialidae), any of approximately 500 species of insects in the order Lepidoptera that are some of the largest moths, with wingspans of more than 22.5 cm (9 inches). Most European and North American species are brown or gray with silver spots on the wings, whereas the African, New

Lepidoptera: Annotated classification: Superfamily Hepialoidea 520 species; females with two genital openings; adult mouthparts reduced and nonfunctional, antennae very short. Family Hepialidae (swifts, or ghost moths) Almost 500 species found worldwide but chiefly in Australia and New Zealand; medium-size to very large moths, some brilliantly colored;

novel: Antinovel: …antinovel as Christine Brooke-Rose and Rayner Heppenstall (both French scholars, incidentally) are more empirical than their French counterparts. They object mainly to the falsification of the external world that was imposed on the traditional novel by the exigencies of plot and character, and they insist on notating the minutiae of…

George Hepplewhite was an English cabinetmaker and furniture designer whose name is associated with a graceful style of Neoclassicism, a movement he helped to formulate in the decorative arts. Little is known of Hepplewhite’s life except that he was apprenticed to the English furniture maker Robert

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Hepsetidae (African pikes) Pikelike; large canine teeth; carnivorous. Food fishes. Size to 100 cm (40 inches), 55 kg (120 pounds). Africa. 1 species (Hepsetus odoe). Family Lebiasinidae (pencil fishes) Lateral line and adipose fin usually absent. Small to moderate-sized predators. South and Central America. 7 genera,…

heptachlor, largely banned insecticide closely related to chlordane. It is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of about 95 °C and a molecular formula of C10H5Cl7. Heptachlor was used in agriculture as a soil and seed treatment and was also used in homes and other buildings for termite

heptachlor, largely banned insecticide closely related to chlordane. It is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of about 95 °C and a molecular formula of C10H5Cl7. Heptachlor was used in agriculture as a soil and seed treatment and was also used in homes and other buildings for termite

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), protein located in the cell membrane that binds extracellular substances and transmits signals from these substances to an intracellular molecule called a G protein (guanine nucleotide-binding protein). GPCRs are found in the cell membranes of a wide range of

Margaret of Angoulême: …own literary works is the Heptaméron (published posthumously, 1558–59). It is constructed on the lines of Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, consisting of 72 tales (out of a planned 100) told by a group of travelers delayed by a flood on their return from a Pyrenean spa. The stories, illustrating the triumphs…

prosody: Syllable-stress metres: …six hexameter, and of seven heptameter. Lines containing more than seven feet rarely occur in English poetry.

octane number: …iso-octane, which resists knocking, and heptane, which knocks readily. The octane number is the percentage by volume of iso-octane in the iso-octane–heptane mixture that matches the fuel being tested in a standard test engine. See also knocking.

fat and oil processing: Processes: …especially the various grades of petroleum benzin (commonly known as petroleum ether, commercial hexane, or heptane). In large-scale operations, solvent extraction is a more economical means of recovering oil than is mechanical pressing. In the United States and increasingly in Europe, there are many instances of simple petroleum benzin extraction…

Ionian Islands, island group off the west coast of Greece, stretching south from the Albanian coast to the southern tip of the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos), and often called Heptanesos (“Seven Islands”). The islands are Corfu (Kérkyra), Cephallenia (Kefaloniá), Zacynthus (Zákynthos),

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Heptapteridae (heptapterids) Superficially similar to Pimelodidae. Mexico to South America. About 25 genera, 175 species. Family Pseudopimelodidae (bumblebee catfishes) Wide mouth, small eyes. South America. 5 genera, 26 species. Family Aspredinidae (

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Heptapteridae (heptapterids) Superficially similar to Pimelodidae. Mexico to South America. About 25 genera, 175 species. Family Pseudopimelodidae (bumblebee catfishes) Wide mouth, small eyes. South America. 5 genera, 26 species. Family Aspredinidae (

Heptarchy, word used to designate the period between the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England toward the end of the 5th century ce and the destruction of most of them by the Danes in the second half of the 9th century. It is derived from the Greek words for "seven" and "rule." The seven

Alexandria: City site: …up of a mole (the Heptastadion), which was built soon after Alexandria’s founding, links the island of Pharos with the city centre on the mainland. Its two steeply curving bays form the basins for the Eastern Harbour and the Western Harbour.

Aelfric: …Latin grammar, he also wrote Lives of the Saints, Heptateuch (a vernacular language version of the first seven books of the Bible), as well as letters and various treatises.

heptathlon, athletics competition in which contestants take part in seven different track-and-field events in two days. The heptathlon replaced the women’s pentathlon in the Olympic Games after 1981. The women’s heptathlon consists of the 100-meter hurdles, high jump, shot put, and 200-meter run on

heptatonic scale, musical scale made up of seven different tones. The major and minor scales of Western art music are the most commonly known heptatonic scales, but different forms of seven-tone scales exist. Medieval church modes, each having its characteristic pattern of whole and half steps,

number game: Polyominoes: …hexominoes and 108 types of heptominoes, if the dubious heptomino with an interior “hole” is included.

Najma Heptulla is an Indian politician, government official, social advocate, and writer, who occupied prominent positions in both the Indian National Congress (Congress Party) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and long served in the Rajya Sabha (upper chamber of the Indian parliament). Heptulla

Najma Heptulla is an Indian politician, government official, social advocate, and writer, who occupied prominent positions in both the Indian National Congress (Congress Party) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and long served in the Rajya Sabha (upper chamber of the Indian parliament). Heptulla

Barbara Hepworth was a sculptor whose works were among the earliest abstract sculptures produced in England. Her lyrical forms and feeling for material made her one of the most influential sculptors of the mid-20th century. Fascinated from early childhood with natural forms and textures, Hepworth

History of film: Edison and the Lumière brothers: …important early British filmmaker was Cecil Hepworth, whose Rescued by Rover (1905) is regarded by many historians as the most skillfully edited narrative produced before the Biograph shorts of D.W. Griffith.

Barbara Hepworth was a sculptor whose works were among the earliest abstract sculptures produced in England. Her lyrical forms and feeling for material made her one of the most influential sculptors of the mid-20th century. Fascinated from early childhood with natural forms and textures, Hepworth

Heqet, in ancient Egyptian religion and mythology, a goddess who personified regeneration, rebirth, and fertility. Heqet was depicted in the form of a frog, as a frog-headed woman, or as a woman with the body of a frog. The worship of the frog was one of the oldest cults in Egypt. Frog gods and

Heqet, in ancient Egyptian religion and mythology, a goddess who personified regeneration, rebirth, and fertility. Heqet was depicted in the form of a frog, as a frog-headed woman, or as a woman with the body of a frog. The worship of the frog was one of the oldest cults in Egypt. Frog gods and

Taoism: Communal ceremonies: …the Union of Breaths (heqi), a communal sexual ritual said to have been celebrated at each new moon. Later Buddhist sources described this as a riotous orgy of outrageous and disgusting license. Several cryptic manuals of instruction for the priest in charge of these proceedings are preserved in the…

Cai Yuanpei was an educator and revolutionary who served as head of Peking University in Beijing from 1916 to 1926 during the critical period when that institution played a major role in the development of a new spirit of nationalism and social reform in China. Cai passed the highest level of his

Heqet, in ancient Egyptian religion and mythology, a goddess who personified regeneration, rebirth, and fertility. Heqet was depicted in the form of a frog, as a frog-headed woman, or as a woman with the body of a frog. The worship of the frog was one of the oldest cults in Egypt. Frog gods and

Horus, in ancient Egyptian religion, a god in the form of a falcon whose right eye was the sun or morning star, representing power and quintessence, and whose left eye was the moon or evening star, representing healing. Falcon cults, which were in evidence from late predynastic times, were

Amy Adams: Stage debut and later career: …system in director Spike Jonze’s Her. For her work in the former film, Adams won a Golden Globe Award for best actress in a comedy or musical and earned an Academy Award nomination for best actress. She next starred in director Tim Burton’s Big Eyes (2014) as painter Margaret Keane,…

Alice Walker: Later work and controversies: Her Blue Body Everything We Know: Earthling Poems (1991) collects poetry from 1965 to 1990.

Bozorg Alavi: …for his novel Chashmhāyash (1952; Her Eyes), an extremely controversial work about an underground revolutionary leader and the upper-class woman who loves him. Alavi also wrote a number of works in German, among them, Kämpfendes Iran (1955; “The Struggle of Iran”) and Geschichte und Entwicklung der modernen Persischen Literatur (1964;…

Louis Auchincloss: …of the wealthy, Auchincloss published Her Infinite Variety (2000), a novel set in 1930s New York about a woman fighting her way up the social ladder, and The Scarlet Letters (2003), a moral fable set in contemporary New England. East Side Story (2004) is loosely based on Auchincloss’s father’s family.…

Dorothy Lamour: The Hurricane (1937) and Her Jungle Love (1938) followed. She then changed pace for the gangster melodrama Johnny Apollo (1940).

The Decemberists: In 2003 the group released Her Majesty The Decemberists, which built on the first album’s sound to include prominent horn and string sections. Their EP (a format intermediate in length between a single and an album) The Tain (2004) consisted of a single song broken into multiple movements and foreshadowed…

history of publishing: University and government presses: In England, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, which was originally created in 1786 to coordinate office supplies for government departments, came to issue a wide range of excellent books and pamphlets in connection with museums, galleries, and the advisory function of ministries, besides official papers, before its privatization…

Edgar G. Ulmer: Later films: Better was Her Sister’s Secret (1946), a well-made melodrama about an unmarried woman (Nancy Coleman) who asks her married sister (Margaret Lindsay) to adopt her baby. Ulmer finally ascended to a major studio when he was hired to direct the expensive film noir The Strange Woman (1946)…

James Tiptree, Jr.: Her Smoke Rose Up Forever (1990) is a collection of Tiptree’s and Racoona Sheldon’s most important short stories.

Dorothy Canfield Fisher: Her Son’s Wife (1926) is one of the best regarded of her longer works; the story of a perfectionist mother who learns to accept her son’s ill-bred wife, it may contain her best characterization. In the 1940s and ’50s, Fisher worked for numerous environmental, children’s,…

Robert Z. Leonard: Later films: Her Twelve Men (1954) offered Garson as a schoolteacher adored by her students, and it also was her final MGM vehicle.

maple: capillipes), the Her’s maple (A. hersii), and the David’s maple (A. davidii). The chalk maple, with whitish bark, is sometimes classified as A. leucoderme, although some authorities consider it a subspecies of sugar maple.

breast cancer: Causes and symptoms: Specific mutations in genes called HER2, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and p53 have been linked to breast cancer. These mutations may be inherited or acquired. Mutations that are inherited often substantially increase a person’s risk for developing breast cancer. For example, whereas some 12 percent of women in the general population…

Hera, in ancient Greek religion, a daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea, sister-wife of Zeus, and queen of the Olympian gods. The Romans identified her with their own Juno. Hera was worshipped throughout the Greek world and played an important part in Greek literature, appearing most frequently

DESY: …the laboratory’s newest facility, the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator (HERA), which was completed in 1992. HERA is the only particle accelerator capable of bringing about collisions between beams of electrons or positrons and beams of protons. HERA consists of two rings in a single tunnel with a circumference of 6.3 km…

Western architecture: France: …is now known as the Temple of Hera I at Paestum was not a temple but a civil assembly hall. His drawings showing the building in use, with transitory adornments such as trophies, inscriptions, paintings, and even graffiti, shocked the members of the Academy of Fine Arts to whom he…

myrrh: Myrrh trees and harvest: Herabol myrrh is obtained from C. myrrha, which grows in Ethiopia, Arabia, and Somalia, while bisabol myrrh is obtained from C. erythraea, which is an Arabian species of similar appearance. Myrrh trees are found on parched rocky hills and grow up to 3 meters (9…

Origen: Life: …at whose lectures he met Heraclas, who was to become his junior colleague, then his rival, and who was to end as bishop of Alexandria refusing to hold communion with him. Origen invited Heraclas to assist him with the elementary teaching at the Catechetical school, leaving himself free for advanced…

Ereğli, town, south-central Turkey. It stands near the foot of the central Taurus Mountains on the northern approach to the Cilician Gates, a major pass. A frontier fortification of the Byzantine Empire, then known as Heraclea Cybistra, the town lay in the way of invading armies and was captured by

Ereğli, town, northern Turkey. It is situated on the Black Sea coast about 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Zonguldak. The town was founded about 560 bce as Heraclea Pontica by a colony of Megarians who soon subjected the native Mariandynians and extended their control over most of the coast. In 74

Heracleides Ponticus was a Greek philosopher and astronomer who first suggested the rotation of Earth, an idea that did not dominate astronomy until 1,800 years later. He was a pupil of Plato, who left the Academy temporarily in his charge. Heracleides was once thought to have correctly attributed

Heracleides Ponticus was a Greek philosopher and astronomer who first suggested the rotation of Earth, an idea that did not dominate astronomy until 1,800 years later. He was a pupil of Plato, who left the Academy temporarily in his charge. Heracleides was once thought to have correctly attributed

Heraclitus was a Greek philosopher remembered for his cosmology, in which fire forms the basic material principle of an orderly universe. Little is known about his life, and the one book he apparently wrote is lost. His views survive in the short fragments quoted and attributed to him by later

Heracleon was a leader of the Italian school of Gnosticism, a dualistic doctrine of rival deities conceiving of salvation as an elitist enlightenment by secret knowledge, with fulfillment in the soul’s eventual release from the body. Diverging from his contemporaries Valentinus and Ptolemaeus,

Heraclonas was a Byzantine emperor for a brief period in 641 who was accused, probably falsely, of complicity in the death of his half brother, Constantine III. Heraclonas was the son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his second wife, Martina. In 638, through his mother’s influence, he

ancient Egypt: The 10th (c. 2080–c. 1980 bce) and 11th (c. 2080–c. 1940 bce) dynasties: …rival dynasties at Thebes and Heracleopolis. The latter, the 10th, probably continued the line of the 9th. The founder of the 9th or 10th dynasty was named Khety, and the dynasty as a whole was termed the House of Khety. Several Heracleopolitan kings were named Khety; another important name is…

Heracles, one of the most famous Greco-Roman legendary heroes. Traditionally, Heracles was the son of Zeus and Alcmene (see Amphitryon), granddaughter of Perseus. Zeus swore that the next son born of the Perseid house should become ruler of Greece, but—by a trick of Zeus’s jealous wife,

Lysippus: …colossal, but exhausted and melancholy, Heracles at Sicyon was the original of the Farnese Heracles, signed by Glycon as copyist. The Glycon copy has many copies extant, including one in the Pitti Palace, Florence, with an inscription naming Lysippus as the artist.

cow parsnip, (genus Heracleum), genus of about 60 species of flowering plants in the parsley family (Apiaceae), distributed throughout the North Temperate Zone and on tropical mountains. Cow parsnips are perennials, often several feet high, with large compound leaves and broad clusters of white or

cow parsnip: Common cow parsnip (H. lanatum or H. maximum) is a weedy plant native to North America. It grows to more than 2 metres (7 feet) in height and produces white flower clusters that are nearly 20 cm (8 inches) in diameter.

cow parsnip: Giant hogweed (H. mantegazzianum) is native to the Caucasus but is considered an invasive species in many areas outside its native range. That striking plant can attain a height of 4 metres (about 13 feet) and has a stout red-spotted stem and a white inflorescence…

cow parsnip: Common cow parsnip (H. lanatum or H. maximum) is a weedy plant native to North America. It grows to more than 2 metres (7 feet) in height and produces white flower clusters that are nearly 20 cm (8 inches) in diameter.

cow parsnip: Common hogweed, or eltrot (H. sphondylium), is native to Eurasia and has naturalized in eastern North America. Giant hogweed (H. mantegazzianum) is native to the Caucasus but is considered an invasive species in many areas outside its native range. That striking plant can attain a…

Heraclitus was a Greek philosopher remembered for his cosmology, in which fire forms the basic material principle of an orderly universe. Little is known about his life, and the one book he apparently wrote is lost. His views survive in the short fragments quoted and attributed to him by later

Heraclius was an Eastern Roman emperor (610–641) who reorganized and strengthened the imperial administration and the imperial armies but who, nevertheless, lost Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Byzantine Mesopotamia to the Arab Muslims. Heraclius was born in eastern Anatolia. His father, probably of

Constantine III was a Byzantine emperor from January to April or May 641. He was coemperor with his father, Heraclius, from 613 and with his brother Heraclonas from 638. During his reign, court intrigues nearly led to civil war, which was prevented by his death. It was rumoured that he was poisoned

Heraclonas was a Byzantine emperor for a brief period in 641 who was accused, probably falsely, of complicity in the death of his half brother, Constantine III. Heraclonas was the son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his second wife, Martina. In 638, through his mother’s influence, he

athletics: Origin and early development: …to have formed their own Heraea Games, which, like the Olympics, were held every four years.

Heraeum, in ancient Greece, a temple or sanctuary dedicated to Hera, queen of the Olympian gods. The most important of these was the Argive Heraeum, five miles (eight kilometres) northeast of Argos, Greece, where Hera’s cult was established at an early date (c. 750 bc). A number of successive

Children of Heracles, minor political play by Euripides, performed in 430 bce. It concerns the Athenians’ defense of the young children of the dead Heracles from the murderous King Eurystheus of Argos. The play is essentially a simple glorification of

Heraklion, largest city, a dímos (municipality), and principal port of the Greek island of Crete and capital of the pereferiakí enótita (regional unit) Heraklion (Irákleio). It lies on the island’s north coast along the Sea of Crete, just northwest of the ancient Minoan capital of Knossos. The

Antoine Bourdelle: …triumph in the Salon with Herakles (also called Hercules Archer), which again owes much to Archaic art, although the pose is far more sinuous and the musculature more exaggerated; he made several sculptures of this subject. Also in 1910 he created the full-length portrait Rodin at Work, the head of…

Heracles, one of the most famous Greco-Roman legendary heroes. Traditionally, Heracles was the son of Zeus and Alcmene (see Amphitryon), granddaughter of Perseus. Zeus swore that the next son born of the Perseid house should become ruler of Greece, but—by a trick of Zeus’s jealous wife,

classical scholarship: Late 19th-century developments in German scholarship: …was his commentary on the Herakles of Euripides (1st edition, with a remarkable introduction to Attic tragedy, 1889; 2nd edition, 1895). Wilamowitz-Moellendorff produced many more texts and commentaries, besides important work on Greek history, religion, metre, and the history of scholarship. As a professor in Greifswald, Göttingen, and finally Berlin,…