Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission: Background: …nonprofit corporation, released the documentary Hillary: The Movie, which was highly critical of Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, a candidate for the 2008 Democratic nomination for president of the United States. Citizens United wished to distribute the film through video-on-demand services to cable television subscribers within a 30-day period before the…

Kentucky: Cultural life: …particular evokes images of “hillbillies” (rural mountain dwellers), moonshiners, and log cabins of a bygone era. Local communities in the region celebrate this history through an array of annual fairs and festivals, such as Hillbilly Days in Pikeville, the Black Gold Festival (a reference to coal mining) in Hazard,…

Ron Howard: Hillbilly Elegy, an adaption of J.D. Vance’s best-selling memoir, was released on Netflix in 2020. The drama Thirteen Lives (2022) is a retelling of the real-life rescue of a youth football (soccer) team from an underground cave.

Hillbilly Elegy is the best-selling 2016 memoir by J.D. Vance. In it the future U.S. senator and vice presidential nominee writes with candor and compassion about what it was like to grow up in “an Ohio steel town that has been hemorrhaging jobs and hope for as long as I can remember.” The book,

Hillbilly Elegy is the best-selling 2016 memoir by J.D. Vance. In it the future U.S. senator and vice presidential nominee writes with candor and compassion about what it was like to grow up in “an Ohio steel town that has been hemorrhaging jobs and hope for as long as I can remember.” The book,

country music, style of American popular music that originated in rural areas of the South and West in the early 20th century. The term country and western music (later shortened to country music) was adopted by the recording industry in 1949 to replace the derogatory label hillbilly music.

Hank Williams was an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist who in the 1950s arguably became country music’s first superstar. An immensely talented songwriter and an impassioned vocalist, he also experienced great crossover success in the popular music market. His iconic status was amplified by

the Judds, American country music duo, consisting of Naomi Judd (originally Diana Ellen Judd; b. January 11, 1946, Ashland, Kentucky, U.S.—d. April 30, 2022, outside Nashville, Tennessee) and her daughter Wynonna Judd (originally Christina Claire Ciminella; b. May 30, 1964, Ashland, Kentucky),

Basil Rathbone: His final film, Hillbillys in a Haunted House, was released in 1967.

Cucurbitales: Begoniaceae: How Hillebrandia came to be restricted to Hawaii is unknown; the genus appears to have originated well before Begonia, more than 50 million years ago, but the Hawaiian Islands are volcanic and of much younger age. Hillebrandia has a number of “primitive” features, including the presence…

Cucurbitales: Begoniaceae: The excluded species is Hillebrandia sandwicensis, which is restricted to Hawaii. The family often has leaves in two ranks; the base of the blades is asymmetrical, and there are well-developed teeth and stipules. The plants have both male and female flowers in the same flowering unit (inflorescence). Begonia has…

Hillegom, gemeente (municipality), western Netherlands, on the Ringvaart, a canal around the Haarlemmermeer polder. With Lisse it is one of the two main commercial centres of Holland’s bulb-growing district. The annual Bulb Parade held on a Saturday in late April passes through Hillegom. There is

Hillel was a Jewish sage, foremost master of biblical commentary and interpreter of Jewish tradition in his time. He was the revered head of the school known by his name, the House of Hillel, and his carefully applied exegetical discipline came to be called the Seven Rules of Hillel. Hillel was

Hillel ben Samuel was a physician, Talmudic scholar, and philosopher who defended the ideas of the 12th-century Jewish philosopher Maimonides during the “years of controversy” (1289–90), when Maimonides’ work was challenged and attacked; Hillel ben Samuel denounced in turn the adherents of the

calendar: The calendar in Jewish history: …unity of Israel, the patriarch Hillel II, in 358/359, published the “secret” of calendar making, which essentially consisted of the use of the Babylonian 19-year cycle with some modifications required by the Jewish ritual.

Hillel: …a school known as the House of Hillel, he succeeded in winning wide acceptance for his approach, which liberated texts and law from slavishly literal and strict interpretation; indeed, without him an uncompromising rigidity and severity might have developed in the inherited traditions.

Maurice Hilleman was an American microbiologist and virologist who developed more than 40 vaccines, including those for varicella (chickenpox), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, meningitis, mumps, and rubella. His work was credited with saving tens of millions of lives by making possible the

Maurice Hilleman was an American microbiologist and virologist who developed more than 40 vaccines, including those for varicella (chickenpox), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, meningitis, mumps, and rubella. His work was credited with saving tens of millions of lives by making possible the

Arthur Hiller was a Canadian-born American motion-picture director who made a number of popular comedies in the 1960s and ’70s but was best known for the romance classic Love Story (1970). (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Hiller studied law and psychology before

Dame Wendy Hiller was an English stage and film actress known for her direct and unsentimental portrayals of intelligent and spirited women. Hiller was educated at Winceby House School and at age 18 joined the Manchester Repertory Company, for which she acted and stage-managed for several years.

Ferdinand Hiller was a German conductor and composer whose memoirs, Aus dem Tonleben unserer Zeit (1867–76; “From the Musical Life of Our Time”), contain revealing sidelights on many famous contemporaries. Hiller studied in Weimar under the celebrated pianist-composer Johann Nepomuk Hummel. From

Johann Adam Hiller was a German composer and conductor, regarded as the creator of the German singspiel, a musical genre combining spoken dialogue and popular song. Hiller learned to play several instruments and to sing and also briefly studied law while developing wide intellectual and literary

Tony Hillerman was an American novelist who produced taut mysteries that brought to light rich American Indian customs and culture and featured Navajo tribal officers as protagonists; Lieut. Joe Leaphorn (introduced in The Blessing Way [1970], Hillerman’s debut novel) and Sgt. Jim Chee (who first

Tony Hillerman was an American novelist who produced taut mysteries that brought to light rich American Indian customs and culture and featured Navajo tribal officers as protagonists; Lieut. Joe Leaphorn (introduced in The Blessing Way [1970], Hillerman’s debut novel) and Sgt. Jim Chee (who first

Hillerød, city, northeastern Sjælland (Zealand), Denmark. It developed around Frederiksborg Castle, which was built (1602–20) by Christian IV in Dutch Renaissance style on the site of an earlier castle. Danish kings were crowned there from 1660 to 1840, and it was a favourite royal residence until

Patrick J. Hillery was an Irish politician who served as the sixth president of Ireland (1976–90). He was the youngest person ever to attain that position. Hillery attended Rockwell College and University College Dublin, studying sciences and medicine. His practice of medicine yielded to politics

Patrick J. Hillery was an Irish politician who served as the sixth president of Ireland (1976–90). He was the youngest person ever to attain that position. Hillery attended Rockwell College and University College Dublin, studying sciences and medicine. His practice of medicine yielded to politics

al-Ḥillī was a theologian and expounder of doctrines of the Shīʿī, one of the two main systems of Islam, the other being the Sunnī, which is the larger. Al-Ḥillī studied law, theology, and the uṣūl, or principles of the faith, in the city of Ḥillah, an important centre for Shīʿī learning in the

Nicholas Hilliard: Hilliard’s son Laurence (c. 1582–1640) also practiced miniature painting, but a much more eminent pupil of Hilliard’s was the French-born miniaturist Isaac Oliver.

Nicholas Hilliard was the first great native-born English painter of the Renaissance. His lyrical portraits raised the art of painting miniature portraiture (called limning in Elizabethan England) to its highest point of development and did much to formulate the concept of portraiture there during

Rick Hillier is a Canadian army officer who served as the chief of the defense staff (CDS), the top-ranking officer in the Canadian military, from 2005 to 2008. Hillier joined the army through the Regular Officer Training Plan in 1973 and completed a Bachelor of Science degree at Memorial

Rick Hillier is a Canadian army officer who served as the chief of the defense staff (CDS), the top-ranking officer in the Canadian military, from 2005 to 2008. Hillier joined the army through the Regular Officer Training Plan in 1973 and completed a Bachelor of Science degree at Memorial

Hillingdon, outer borough of London, England, forming part of the western perimeter of the metropolis. Hillingdon belongs to the historic county of Middlesex. The borough of Hillingdon was created in 1965 by the amalgamation of the former borough of Uxbridge with the urban districts of Hayes and

Danny Hillis is an American pioneer of parallel processing computers and founder of Thinking Machines Corporation. The son of a U.S. Air Force epidemiologist, Hillis spent his early years traveling abroad with his family and being homeschooled. Like his father, he developed an interest in biology,

Danny Hillis is an American pioneer of parallel processing computers and founder of Thinking Machines Corporation. The son of a U.S. Air Force epidemiologist, Hillis spent his early years traveling abroad with his family and being homeschooled. Like his father, he developed an interest in biology,

Morris Hillquit was an American Socialist leader and the chief theoretician of the Socialist Party during the first third of the 20th century. (Read George Bernard Shaw’s 1926 Britannica essay on socialism.) Immigrating to the United States in 1886, Hillquit joined the Socialist Labor Party in New

Mississippi College: …Female Institute, which was renamed Hillman College in 1891. In 1942 Mississippi College subsumed Hillman College and again became coeducational. Graduate-level courses were offered from 1950, and the Graduate School was formed in 1975.

automotive industry: Spread of mass production: …a moving assembly line; the Hillman Company had preceded Morris in this by a year or two.

the Byrds: …Los Angeles, California—January 18, 2023), Chris Hillman (b. December 4, 1942, Los Angeles), Michael Clarke (b. June 3, 1944, New York, New York—d. December. 19, 1993, Treasure Island, Florida), Gram Parsons (original name Ingram Cecil Connor III; b. November 5, 1946, Winter Haven, Florida—d. September 19, 1973, Yucca Valley, California),…

Olympic Games: St. Louis, Missouri, U.S., 1904: Hahn, Jim Lightbody, and Harry Hillman each won three gold medals as well. Thomas Kiely of Ireland, who paid his own fare to the Games rather than compete under the British flag, won the gold medal in an early version of the decathlon. Kiely and his competitors performed the…

Crater Lake: …is generally held to be John Wesley Hillman, who is credited with its “discovery” on June 12, 1853. A mid-19th-century gold rush brought an influx of prospectors to southern Oregon, and Hillman was a member of one of a pair of competing groups who were trying to find “Lost Cabin…

Sidney Hillman was a U.S. labor leader, from 1914 president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, and in 1935–38 one of the founders of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). He was noted for his aggressive organization of industrial workers and for his extension of union

Morris Hillquit was an American Socialist leader and the chief theoretician of the Socialist Party during the first third of the 20th century. (Read George Bernard Shaw’s 1926 Britannica essay on socialism.) Immigrating to the United States in 1886, Hillquit joined the Socialist Labor Party in New

Wes Craven: The Hills Have Eyes (1977), another low-budget slasher film, did well at the box office and developed a cult following. After directing Deadly Blessing (1981), Craven made his first big-budget picture, Swamp Thing (1982), which was based on the DC Comics character. However, it fared…

Hills like White Elephants, short story by Ernest Hemingway, published in 1927 in the periodical transition and later that year in the collection Men Without Women. The themes of this sparsely written vignette about an American couple waiting for a train in Spain are almost entirely implicit. The

children’s literature: Historical fiction: …highest energies is the exciting Hills of Varna (1948), a story of the Italian Renaissance in which Erasmus and the great printer Aldus Manutius figure prominently. Henry Treece, whose gifts were directed to depicting violent action and vigorous, barbaric characters, produced a memorable series of Viking novels of which Swords…

Carla Anderson Hills is an American lawyer and public official who served in both domestic and international capacities in the administrations of two U.S. presidents. Hills attended Stanford (California) University (B.A., 1955) and Yale Law School (LL.D., 1958). After her admission to the

hydrangea: Hills-of-snow, or wild hydrangea (H. arborescens), a shrub slightly more than 1 metre (4 feet) tall, has rounded clusters of white flowers. The French hydrangea, or hortensia (H. macrophylla), is widely cultivated in many varieties for its large globular flower clusters in colours of rose,…

Hillsboro, town, Pocahontas county, eastern West Virginia, U.S., near the Greenbrier River and nestled in the Allegheny Mountains, 25 miles (40 km) north-northeast of Lewisburg. Droop Mountain Battlefield State Park commemorates a battle fought there (November 6, 1863) during the American Civil

Hillsborough, town (township), Hillsborough county, southwestern New Hampshire, U.S., on the Contoocook River, west-southwest of Concord. The town includes the communities of Hillsborough, Hillsborough Center, Hillsborough Lower Village, and Hillsborough Upper Village. Granted in 1748 and named for

Hillsboro, city, seat (1850) of Washington county, northwestern Oregon, U.S., adjacent to the Tualatin River. Settled in 1841, it was laid out by David Hill in 1842, called Columbia, and later renamed (by court order) for its founder. The city developed as a processing-shipping centre for wheat,

Sierra: …is the Black Range, including Hillsboro and Reeds peaks, both rising to more than 10,000 feet (3,000 metres). The Rio Grande, including large impoundments at Caballo and Elephant Butte reservoirs, flows southward through the centre of the county. Immediately east of the reservoirs are the Sierra Caballo and Fra Cristobal…

Hillsborough, town (township), Hillsborough county, southwestern New Hampshire, U.S., on the Contoocook River, west-southwest of Concord. The town includes the communities of Hillsborough, Hillsborough Center, Hillsborough Lower Village, and Hillsborough Upper Village. Granted in 1748 and named for

Hillsborough, town, seat of Orange county, north-central North Carolina, U.S., on the Eno River about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Durham. Laid out in 1754 on the site of a Native American village (Acconeech or Occaneechi), it was initially called Orange, then Corbinton (for Francis Corbin, a

Hillsborough, county, southern New Hampshire, U.S., bordered to the south by Massachusetts. It is a hilly upland region drained by the Merrimack, Piscataquog, and other rivers and dotted with numerous small lakes, including Franklin Pierce Lake and Powder Mill Pond. Public lands include Clough,

Hillsborough disaster, incident in which a crush of football (soccer) fans ultimately resulted in 97 deaths and hundreds of injuries. The crushing occurred during a match at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England, on April 15, 1989. The disaster was largely attributed to mistakes made by the

Hillsborough disaster: …occurred during a match at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England, on April 15, 1989. The disaster was largely attributed to mistakes made by the police.

Hillsdale College, private, nonsectarian liberal-arts institution of higher learning in Hillsdale, south-central Michigan, U.S. Hillsdale students are required to take a core curriculum of courses in humanities and natural and social sciences (including Western and American heritage), and they must

Fumihiko Maki: …of Maki’s style is the Hillside Terrace Apartment development in Tokyo, constructed in multiple stages between 1967 and 1992. This housing and commercial complex is made of classic Modernist materials such as concrete, glass, and metal.

beach: …is a steeper, frontal beach slope or face, and beneath it a low-tide terrace may be developed. If the tides are high enough (more than 2 m [6.6 feet]), the frontal slope may be more than 1 km (0.6 mile) in width in regions with abundant sand and a shallow…

Peisistratus: Rise to power: …his own faction, named the Hillsmen, a group that included noble families from his own district, the eastern part of Attica, and also a very considerable part of the growing population of the city of Athens. At one point Peisistratus slashed himself and the mules of his chariot and made…

Joe Hill was a Swedish-born American songwriter and organizer for the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW); his execution for an alleged robbery-murder made him a martyr and folk hero in the radical American labour movement. Born into a conservative Lutheran family, all of whom were amateur

University of Hartford, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in West Hartford, Conn., U.S. It consists of the Barney School of Business and Public Administration, the Hartt School (of music), the Hartford Art School, the Ward College of Technology, and colleges of education,

Helmand River, river in southwestern Afghanistan and eastern Iran, about 715 miles (1,150 km) long. Rising in the Bābā Range in east-central Afghanistan, it flows southwestward across more than half the length of Afghanistan before flowing northward for a short distance through Iranian territory

Hilo, city, seat of Hawaii county, northeastern Hawaii island, Hawaii, U.S. It lies along Hilo Bay and is the island’s business center. Polynesians settled the area about 1100 ce, establishing agricultural and fishing communities. Christian missionaries arrived c. 1822 and were followed by whaling

Deutsches Theater: …was revived in 1934 by Heinz Hilpert, who was acting there and who had succeeded Reinhardt in 1937. Hilpert, who also directed the Deutsches Theater at Göttingen, maintained the integrity of the society throughout the reign of Adolf Hitler until he resigned his post in 1944.

Indus River: Plant and animal life: The best-known variety is called hilsa and is the most-important edible fish found in the river. Tatta, Kotri, and Sukkur, all in Sindh province, are important fishing centers. Between the Swat and Hazara areas the river is noted for trout fishing. Fish farming has become important in the reservoirs of…

sword dance: In linked-sword, or hilt-and-point, dances, performers hold the hilt of their own sword and the point of the sword of the dancer behind them, the group forming intricate, usually circular, patterns. Combat dances for one or more performers emphasize battle mime and originally served as military training. Crossed-sword…

Hilton Head Island, town and island, one of the Sea Islands along the Atlantic coast just south of Port Royal Sound, in Beaufort county, southern South Carolina, U.S. The island, approximately 12 miles (19 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide at its widest point, lies on the Atlantic Intracoastal

Hilton Head Island: …incorporated as the town of Hilton Head Island. Pop. (2000) 33,862; (2010) 37,099.

Conrad Hilton: In 1946 the Hilton Hotels Corporation was formed, followed in 1948 by the Hilton International Company, as he expanded his operations to other countries. In 1954 he bought the Statler Hotel chain. Diversification included a credit corporation, the origin of Carte Blanche credit cards, and a car-rental corporation.

joint: Articular nerves: …a joint conform well to Hilton’s law—the nerves to the muscles acting on a joint give branches to that joint as well as to the skin over the area of action of these muscles. Thus, the knee joint is supplied by branches from the femoral, sciatic, and obturator nerves, which…

Conrad Hilton was an American businessman and founder of one of the world’s largest hotel organizations. As a boy in the little New Mexican desert town of San Antonio, Hilton helped his enterprising father turn the family’s large adobe house into an inn for traveling salesmen. By 1915 he was

Conrad Hilton was an American businessman and founder of one of the world’s largest hotel organizations. As a boy in the little New Mexican desert town of San Antonio, Hilton helped his enterprising father turn the family’s large adobe house into an inn for traveling salesmen. By 1915 he was

James Hilton was an English novelist whose popular works include Lost Horizon (1933), Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1934), and Random Harvest (1941), all of which were made into highly successful motion pictures. The son of a schoolmaster, Hilton attended Christ’s College, Cambridge (A.B., 1921), where he

catch: …famous of such publications was John Hilton’s Catch That Catch Can (1652).

Kim Kardashian: …became an assistant to socialite Paris Hilton. During that time she married (2000) music producer Damon Thomas; the couple divorced in 2004. Two years later Kim, along with Kourtney and Khloé, opened DASH, a boutique in Calabasas, California; several other locations were later added.

Walter Hilton was a devotional writer, one of the greatest English mystics of the 14th century. Hilton studied at the University of Cambridge before becoming a hermit and later joined the Augustinians at Thurgarton Priory, where he remained for the rest of his life. His major work was The Scale [or

Frans Eemil Sillanpää: The novelette Hiltu ja Ragnar (1923) is the tragic love story of a city boy and a country servant-girl. After several collections of short stories in the late 1920s, Sillanpää published his best-known, though not his most perfect, work, Nuorena nukkunut (1931; Fallen Asleep While Young, or…

human cardiovascular system: Venous pulmonary system: …pulmonary veins, two from the hilum of each lung. (The hilum is the point of entry on each lung for the bronchus, blood vessels, and nerves.) These veins then pass to the left atrium, where their contents are poured into the heart.

seed: Angiosperm seeds: The hilum of a liberated seed is a small scar marking its former place of attachment. The short ridge (raphe) that sometimes leads away from the hilum is formed by the fusion of seed stalk and testa. In many seeds, the micropyle of the ovule also…

human cardiovascular system: Venous pulmonary system: …pulmonary veins, two from the hilum of each lung. (The hilum is the point of entry on each lung for the bronchus, blood vessels, and nerves.) These veins then pass to the left atrium, where their contents are poured into the heart.

Hilversum, gemeente (municipality), west-central Netherlands. The centre of the Gooiland district of lakes and woods, it was a village dependent on agriculture and weaving until the railway arrived in 1874. It is now a southeastern suburb of Amsterdam, a health and summer resort, and the centre of

history of the Low Countries: The Bronze Age (2000–700 bce): …southern Netherlands and Belgium (Hilversum culture) can be related to close contacts with Wessex, in Britain.

Ḥulwān, ancient settlement, now a southern suburb of Cairo, Al-Qāhirah (Cairo) muḥāfaẓah (governorate), Egypt. It lies near the right (east) bank of the Nile River. After Egypt gained independence in 1952, it grew into an industrial suburb linked to Cairo by highway and electric railway. Ḥulwān was

E.E. Cummings: In 1927 his play him was produced by the Provincetown Players in New York City. During those years he exhibited his paintings and drawings, but they failed to attract as much critical interest as his writings. Eimi (1933) recorded, in 432 pages of experimental prose, a 36-day visit to…

Haya: …exist in the population—the pastoral Hima, who are probably descendants of wandering Nilotes, and the more agricultural Iru, descendants of the original Bantu. The Haya were traditionally organized in a series of 130 or so patrilineal clans, each having its own totem. They were formerly divided among eight small states,…

Uttarakhand: Relief: …Himalayas, known popularly as the Himachal, with elevations between about 6,500 and 10,000 feet (2,000 to 3,000 meters); the zone has two linear ranges—the Mussoorie and the Nag Tibba. To the south of the Himachal is a stretch of the Siwalik Range. The entire area containing the Himadri, the Himachal,…

Lesser Himalayas, middle section of the vast Himalayan mountain system in south-central Asia. The Lesser Himalayas extend for some 1,550 miles (2,500 km) northwest-southeast across the northern limit of the Indian subcontinent. Areas include the disputed Kashmir region (Gilgit-Baltistan,

Himachal Pradesh, state of India, in the extreme northern part of the Asian subcontinent. It is bounded by Jammu and Kashmir union territory to the northwest and Ladakh union territory to the northeast, by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the east, and by the states of Uttarakhand to the

Uttarakhand: Relief: …zone, popularly known as the Himadri, contains segments of the Zanskar and the Great Himalaya ranges, with elevations ranging roughly from 10,000 to 25,000 feet (3,000 to 7,600 meters). Most of the major peaks are located in this zone. Adjacent to and south of the Great Himalayas is a zone…

Great Himalayas, highest and northernmost section of the Himalayan mountain ranges. It extends southeastward across northern Pakistan, northern India, and Nepal before trending eastward across Sikkim state (India) and Bhutan and finally turning northeastward across northern Arunachal Pradesh state

Himalayas, great mountain system of Asia forming a barrier between the Plateau of Tibet to the north and the alluvial plains of the Indian subcontinent to the south. The Himalayas include the highest mountains in the world, with more than 110 peaks rising to elevations of 24,000 feet (7,300 meters)

Caprifoliaceae: Major genera and species: Himalaya honeysuckle (Leycesteria formosa) has long leaves and produces drooping spikes of purple flowers with purple bracts. It is one of six species in its genus, all of which are native to temperate Asia.

Himalayan, breed of domestic cat with the colouring of the Siamese and the build and coat of the longhair, or Persian. The Himalayan is produced by matings between Siamese and longhairs followed by selected breeding of the offspring to bring out the proper colouring, coat, and build. A good

Asiatic black bear, (Ursus thibetanus), member of the bear family (Ursidae) found from southern Iran to the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, and parts of eastern Asia, including Japan. The Asiatic black bear is omnivorous, eating insects, fruit, nuts, bees and honey, small mammals, and birds as well as

blackberry: Major species: …blackberry (Rubus laciniatus) and the Himalayan blackberry (R. armeniacus), are invasive species that spread rapidly by animal-mediated seed dispersal and vegetative reproduction. At least two South American Rubus species are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Meconopsis: …striking blue poppies, especially the Himalayan blue poppy (Meconopsis baileyi), the Tibetan poppy (M. grandis), and the hybrid M. ‘Lingholm.’ The only European representative is the yellow-flowered Welsh poppy (M. cambrica).

rat: General features: …a pure white underside; the Himalayan field rat (R. nitidus) has a brown back, gray underparts, and feet of pearly white. Others have very dark fur, such as the Mentawai rat (R. lugens) native to islands off the west coast of Sumatra. It has brownish black upperparts and a grayish…

goral: …of eastern Siberia; and the Himalayan goral (N. goral), which occurs over the entire Himalayan region. The first two species are vulnerable to extinction, whereas the third species is still fairly abundant. Habitat loss, as well as poaching for meat and medicinal use, are the major threats to goral survival.