- Imruʾ al-Qays (Arab poet)
Imruʾ al-Qays was an Arab poet, acknowledged as the most distinguished poet of pre-Islamic times by the Prophet Muhammad, by ʿAlī, the fourth caliph, and by Arab critics of the ancient Basra school. He is the author of one of the seven odes in the famed collection of pre-Islamic poetry
- Imruʾ al-Qays ibn Ḥujr (Arab poet)
Imruʾ al-Qays was an Arab poet, acknowledged as the most distinguished poet of pre-Islamic times by the Prophet Muhammad, by ʿAlī, the fourth caliph, and by Arab critics of the ancient Basra school. He is the author of one of the seven odes in the famed collection of pre-Islamic poetry
- Imruʾ al-Qays ibn ʾAmr (Lakhmid king)
history of Arabia: Al-Ḥīrah: …dynasty was ʿAmr, whose son Imruʾ al-Qays ibn ʿAmr died in 328 ce and was entombed at Al-Nimārah in the Syrian desert. His funerary inscription is written in an extremely difficult type of script. Recently there has been a revival of interest in the inscription, and a lively controversy has…
- IMT-Advanced (technology)
mobile telephone: Development of cellular systems: …led to the development of 4G technology. In 2008 the ITU set forward a list of requirements for what it called IMT-Advanced, or 4G; these requirements included data rates of 1 gigabit per second for a stationary user and 100 megabits per second for a moving user. The ITU in…
- IMT2000 (telecommunications)
mobile telephone: Development of cellular systems: …for a set of “third-generation” (3G) cellular standards, known collectively as IMT-2000. The 3G standards are based loosely on several attributes: the use of CDMA technology; the ability eventually to support three classes of users (vehicle-based, pedestrian, and fixed); and the ability to support voice, data, and multimedia services.…
- IMTFE (United States-Japanese history)
war crime: The Nürnberg and Tokyo trials: …crimes were tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, which was established by a charter issued by U.S. Army Gen. Douglas MacArthur. The so-called Tokyo Charter closely followed the Nürnberg Charter. The trials were conducted in English and Japanese and lasted nearly two years. Of the 25…
- IMTS (telecommunications)
mobile telephone: Development of cellular systems: In 1964 AT&T introduced the improved mobile telephone service (IMTS). This provided full duplex operation, automatic dialing, and automatic channel searching. Initially 11 channels were provided, but in 1969 an additional 12 channels were made available. Since only 11 (or 12) channels were available for all users of the system…
- imu (cooking method)
Hawaiian: …holes in the ground, called imus, by means of hot stones; but many foods, including fish, were often eaten raw. Many of the best foods were taboo to women. Men usually wore only a malo, or girdle, and women a skirt of tapa, or paper cloth, or leaves or fibre,…
- IMU (technology)
lidar: …Positioning System (GPS) equipment and inertial measurement units (IMUs) in the late 1980s that accurate lidar data were possible.
- Imus in the Morning (American radio program)
Don Imus: …launched his popular talk show, Imus in the Morning, which galvanized his career and national reputation. Over the next six years, he released three successful record albums based on his show. As his popularity grew, however, so did his dependence on alcohol and drugs, which ultimately led to his termination…
- Imus, Don (American radio talk-show host)
Don Imus was an American radio talk-show host best known for his long-running nationally syndicated show Imus in the Morning. It debuted in 1971 and continued, with a few breaks, until 2018. Imus was often referred to as a “shock jock” for his outspoken, inflammatory style and coarse, controversial
- Imus, John Donald (American radio talk-show host)
Don Imus was an American radio talk-show host best known for his long-running nationally syndicated show Imus in the Morning. It debuted in 1971 and continued, with a few breaks, until 2018. Imus was often referred to as a “shock jock” for his outspoken, inflammatory style and coarse, controversial
- Imvamune (vaccine)
mpox: Symptoms, treatment, and vaccination: …be prevented by vaccination with Jynneos (Imvanex, or Imvamune), an attenuated live virus vaccine. The smallpox vaccine ACAM2000 also provides some protection against the monkeypox virus; inoculation with smallpox vaccine may help protect individuals likely to be exposed to the monkeypox virus, including veterinarians and other animal handlers.
- Imvanex (vaccine)
mpox: Symptoms, treatment, and vaccination: …be prevented by vaccination with Jynneos (Imvanex, or Imvamune), an attenuated live virus vaccine. The smallpox vaccine ACAM2000 also provides some protection against the monkeypox virus; inoculation with smallpox vaccine may help protect individuals likely to be exposed to the monkeypox virus, including veterinarians and other animal handlers.
- IMW
map: International Map of the World (IMW): The International Geographical Congress in 1891 proposed that the participating countries collaborate in the production of a 1:1,000,000-scale map of the world. Specifications and format were soon established, but production was slow in the earlier years since it was…
- imzhad (musical instrument)
stringed instrument: Lutes: …only one string (the Tuareg imzhad) or nearly 40 (the sarangi); on the latter, most of the strings are not directly touched or sounded by the player but vibrate sympathetically when other strings are set into motion, thus giving a fuller resonance. Examples, in addition to the sarangi, include the…
- in (Japanese musical scale)
Japanese music: Tunings and notation: …two scales called yo and in. The hira-joshi tuning appears in such famous early works as Rokudan (Six Dans) ascribed to Yatsuhashi Kengyō, the “founder” of the modern koto styles. In all, there are some 13 standard tunings for the koto and many variants. Like all the other popular Japanese…
- in (unit of measurement)
inch, unit of British Imperial and United States Customary measure equal to 136 of a yard. The unit derives from the Old English ince, or ynce, which in turn came from the Latin unit uncia, which was “one-twelfth” of a Roman foot, or pes. (The Latin word uncia was the source of the name of another
- In (chemical element)
indium (In), chemical element, rare metal of main Group 13 (IIIa, or boron group) of the periodic table. Indium has a brilliant silvery-white luster. It was discovered (1863) by German chemists Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymus Theodor Richter while they were examining zinc ore samples. The presence
- In & Out (film by Oz [1997])
Kevin Kline: Sophie’s Choice, A Fish Called Wanda, and The Ice Storm: …and Frank Oz’s social comedy In & Out (1997). He played Bottom in Michael Hoffman’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1999) and Artemus Gordon in Wild Wild West (1999).
- In 27 Pieces: The Hilary Hahn Encores (album by Hahn)
Hilary Hahn: …small-ensemble performance for her album In 27 Pieces: The Hilary Hahn Encores (2013). As a champion of contemporary classical music and composers, Hahn had featured 27 works for violin and piano recently composed by 27 artists. The inspiration for the project came from her awareness that musicians often overlooked contemporary…
- In a Country of Mothers (novel by Homes)
A.M. Homes: The novel In a Country of Mothers (1993) documents the professional transgressions of a therapist who becomes increasingly convinced that one of her patients is the daughter whom she had given up for adoption. She investigated the machinations of the pedophiliac mind in The End of Alice…
- In a Different Voice (work by Gilligan)
ethics: Feminist ethics: …impetus from the publication of In a Different Voice (1982), by the American psychologist Carol Gilligan. Gilligan’s work was written in response to research by Lawrence Kohlberg, who claimed to have discovered a universal set of stages of moral development through which normal human beings pass as they mature into…
- In a Free State (novel by Naipaul)
V.S. Naipaul: The three stories in In a Free State (1971), which won Britain’s Booker Prize, are set in various countries; Guerrillas (1975) is a despairing look at an abortive uprising on a Caribbean island; and A Bend in the River (1979) pessimistically examines the uncertain future of a newly independent…
- In a Green Eye (poem by Feinstein)
Elaine Feinstein: …was a collection of poetry, In a Green Eye (1966). After translating some of the poetry of Marina Tsvetayeva, she began to find her own distinct voice. Her second volume of verse, The Magic Apple Tree (1971), was preceded by a novel, The Circle (1970).
- In a Green Night: Poems 1948–1960 (work by Walcott)
Derek Walcott: …for his poetry, beginning with In a Green Night: Poems 1948–1960 (1962). This book is typical of his early poetry in its celebration of the Caribbean landscape’s natural beauty. The verse in Selected Poems (1964), The Castaway (1965), and The Gulf (1969) is similarly lush in style and incantatory in…
- In a Hotel Garden (novel by Josipovici)
Gabriel Josipovici: (1986), The Big Glass (1991), In a Hotel Garden (1993), Hotel Andromeda (2014), and The Cemetery in Barnes (2018). The radio play Vergil Dying (1981) was perhaps his most acclaimed drama. He also wrote the short-fiction collections Mobius the Stripper (1974), Four Stories (1977), and In the Fertile Land
- In a House of Lies (novel by Rankin)
Ian Rankin: …Dogs in the Wild (2016), In a House of Lies (2018), and A Song for the Dark Times (2020); the latter was the 23rd installment in the series. The Rebus books gave Rankin an opportunity to depict Scotland, in particular Edinburgh, in high, often bloody colour. Through the authority-flouting inspector’s…
- In a Lonely Place (film by Ray [1950])
Nicholas Ray: Films of the early 1950s: …film of the next decade, In a Lonely Place (1950), would prove to be one of his most highly regarded. A penetrating study of a screenwriter’s compulsively self-destructive behaviour that turns on one of Bogart’s finest performances, it also featured Grahame, whose marriage to Ray was falling apart. The undercurrent…
- In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy (album by Boone [1997])
Pat Boone: …an uncharacteristic heavy metal album, In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy, released in 1997 and promoted with an appearance on the American Music Awards in which he wore a leather vest with no shirt and fake tattoos and stood alongside rocker Alice Cooper.
- In a Mist (work by Beiderbecke)
Bix Beiderbecke: …short piano pieces, most notably “In a Mist,” written in an advanced, chromatic harmonic language that showed the influence of such French Impressionist composers as Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy.
- In a Silent Way (album by Davis)
Miles Davis: Free jazz and fusion: …guitarist John McLaughlin, Davis cut In a Silent Way (1969), regarded as the seminal album of the jazz fusion movement. It was considered by purists to be Davis’s last true jazz album.
- In a Time of Violence (poetry by Boland)
Eavan Boland: …Poems (1989), Outside History (1990), In a Time of Violence (1994), Anna Liffey (1997), Against Love Poetry (2001), Domestic Violence (2007), and A Woman Without a Country (2014). Her final collection, The Historians, was published posthumously in 2020. A Kind of Scar (1989) is Boland’s prose
- In a Year of 13 Moons (film by Fassbinder [1978])
Rainer Werner Fassbinder: …Jahr mit 13 Monden (1979; In a Year of 13 Moons), a political allegory concerning a transgender woman who confronts her past decisions. Fassbinder’s great trilogy—Die Ehe der Maria Braun (1979; The Marriage of Maria Braun), an ironic portrait of a marriage that reflects German history from World War II…
- In Abraham’s Bosom (play by Green)
Paul Green: His best known play, In Abraham’s Bosom, concerned a man’s attempt to establish a school for his fellow blacks; it was produced at the Provincetown Playhouse, New York City, and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1927. During the Great Depression Green’s work took on a stronger note of…
- In Africa Even the Flies Are Happy (work by Breytenbach)
South Africa: Literature: Daughter (1979), and Breyten Breytenbach’s In Africa Even the Flies Are Happy (1977). Also during this time, the government enacted the Publications Act of 1974, which expanded and strengthened existing censorship policies. Many authors went into exile; some did not return until the 1990s, while others remained abroad even after…
- In altre parole (work by Lahiri)
Jhumpa Lahiri: Works in Italian and translations: …Italian, In altre parole (In Other Words), a meditation on her immersion in another culture and language. That same year she gave a speech about the art of book jackets at a literary festival in Florence; it was later published as The Clothing of Books (2016; Il vestito dei…
- In America (novel by Sontag)
Susan Sontag: …Lover: A Romance (1992) and In America (2000).
- In an Antique Land (book by Ghosh)
Amitav Ghosh: Ghosh’s In an Antique Land (1992) straddles several genres—travel writing, autobiography, memoir—and blurs fiction and nonfiction. It describes his experiences in a rural Egyptian village in the early 1980s, when he went there as an academic researcher, and in the late 1980s, when he returned there.…
- In and Out of Love (song by Holland–Dozier–Holland)
Holland-Dozier-Holland: …(1964) and continuing through “In and Out of Love” (1967), the trio wrote and produced more than a dozen American top ten singles for the Supremes. Dozier’s forte was melodies, Eddie Holland’s was lyrics, and Brian Holland’s was producing. Leaving Motown in 1968 after battling with Gordy over royalties,…
- In Another Country (film by Hong Sang-soo [2012])
Isabelle Huppert: Versatility in the 1990s and 2000s: In Tarŭn naraesŏ (2012; In Another Country), a series of related vignettes set in South Korea, Huppert starred as three different women dealing with romantic entanglements, and in Haneke’s Amour (2012) she had a supporting role as the daughter of an elderly couple facing mortality.
- In Any Case (novel by Stern)
Richard G. Stern: …American men in postwar Germany; In Any Case (1963), a combination mystery and novel of ideas, in which a father attempts to clear his dead son of charges of treason; Stitch (1965), about an expatriate American sculptor, modeled after poet Ezra Pound; Other Men’s Daughters (1973), an autobiographical account of…
- In Apocalypsin (work by Tyconius)
Tyconius: …handbook for interpreting Scripture, and In Apocalypsin (c. 385?) is a commentary on Revelation that applies the rules set out in the earlier handbook.
- In Arcadia (novel by Okri)
Ben Okri: …“star-crossed” lovers in postcolonial Nigeria; In Arcadia (2002); Starbook (2007); The Age of Magic (2014); and The Freedom Artist (2019).
- In artem analyticam isagoge (work by Viète)
mathematics: Analytic geometry: In his In artem analyticem isagoge (1591; “Introduction to the Analytic Arts”), Viète, as part of his program of rediscovering the method of analysis used by the ancient Greek mathematicians, proposed new algebraic methods that employed variables, constants, and equations, but he saw this as an advancement…
- In artem analyticem isagoge (work by Viète)
mathematics: Analytic geometry: In his In artem analyticem isagoge (1591; “Introduction to the Analytic Arts”), Viète, as part of his program of rediscovering the method of analysis used by the ancient Greek mathematicians, proposed new algebraic methods that employed variables, constants, and equations, but he saw this as an advancement…
- In Between the Sheets (short stories by McEwan)
Ian McEwan: …for writers under age 35—and In Between the Sheets (1978), both of which feature a bizarre cast of grotesques in disturbing tales of sexual aberrance, black comedy, and macabre obsession. His first novel, The Cement Garden (1978; film 1993), traces the incestuous decline of a family of orphaned children. The…
- in bonis (Roman law)
Roman law: The law of property and possession: …said to own the thing in bonis. This was a remarkable triumph for informality in the granting of title. From the phrase in bonis, later writers coined the expression “bonitary ownership.” Justinian abolished the theoretical distinction between civil and bonitary ownership.
- In Bruges (film by McDonagh [2008])
Martin McDonagh: Film career: …directed his first feature-length film, In Bruges. Set in Bruges, Belgium, the film follows two mismatched Irish hit men (played by Gleeson and Colin Farrell) as they await orders from their crime boss (Ralph Fiennes). Filled with McDonagh’s characteristic dark humor, crackling dialogue, and violent scenarios, the film was a…
- In calumniatorem Platonis (work by Bessarion)
Bessarion: …work is considered to be In calumniatorem Platonis, a treatise defending Plato against the fervid Aristotelianism of George of Trebizond. His attempts to reconcile the two philosophies influenced Italian philosophy, which assimilated the Byzantine philosophical tradition after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
- In Camera (play by Sartre)
No Exit, one-act philosophical drama by Jean-Paul Sartre, performed in 1944 and published in 1945. Its original, French title, Huis clos, is sometimes also translated as In Camera or Dead End. The play proposes that “hell is other people” rather than a state created by God. The play begins with a
- In Celebration (play by Storey)
Lindsay Anderson: …the premieres of Storey’s plays In Celebration (1969), The Contractor (1969), Home (1970), and The Changing Room (1971). His subsequent films included O Lucky Man! (1973), In Celebration (1974), Britannia Hospital (1982), and The Whales of August (1987). His
- In cerca del mistero (work by Bertolucci)
Bernardo Bertolucci: His first book, In cerca del mistero (1962; “In Search of Mystery”), won the Premio Viareggio, one of Italy’s top literary awards. A short time later he embarked on his film career as assistant director to Pier Paolo Pasolini. After his work on Pasolini’s Accattone (1961), Bertolucci left…
- In Chancery (novel by Galsworthy)
The Forsyte Saga: …a Forsyte” (1918), the novel In Chancery (1920), the interlude “Awakening” (1920), and the novel To Let (1921).
- In Cold Blood (novel by Capote)
In Cold Blood, nonfiction novel by American writer Truman Capote, published originally as a four-part series in The New Yorker magazine in 1965 and in book form in 1966. Capote used the techniques of fiction to tell the true story of the 1959 murders of the Clutter family in Kansas by a pair of
- In Cold Blood (film by Brooks [1967])
In Cold Blood, American dramatic film, released in 1967, that recounts the 1959 real-life murder of an entire family at the hands of two petty criminals. The film was based on the best seller of the same name by Truman Capote. Perry Edward Smith (played by Robert Blake) and Dick Hickock (Scott
- In Cold Hell, in Thicket (poetry by Olson)
Charles Olson: Other works: …from The Maximus Poems are In Cold Hell, in Thicket (1953), The Distances (1960), and Letters for Origin, 1950–1956 (1969). Posthumous collections of Olson’s work include A Nation of Nothing but Poetry: Supplementary Poems, edited by George F. Butterick (2000), and Collected Prose, edited by Donald Allen and Benjamin Friedlander…
- In Country (novel by Mason)
Bobbie Ann Mason: In Country (1985; film 1989), her first novel, is also steeped in mass culture, which led one critic to speak of Mason’s “Shopping Mall Realism.” Many critics praised her realistic regional dialogue, although some compared the novel unfavourably with her shorter works. In 1988 Mason…
- In Cuba (work by Cardenal)
Ernesto Cardenal: …essays, and En Cuba (1972; In Cuba), recollections of his visit there in 1970, constitute his prose work. Volumes of his poetry have been translated into all the major European languages.
- In Dahomey (musical play)
Bert Williams: …cast of only Black performers, In Dahomey was a Broadway success and in London the following year played a command performance at Buckingham Palace.
- In Darkest Africa (work by Stanley)
Henry Morton Stanley: Relief of Emin Paşa: In Darkest Africa (1890) is Stanley’s own account of his last adventure on the African continent. He received a Special Gold Medal from the RGS.
- In Darkest England, and the Way Out (work by Booth)
William Booth: In 1890 General Booth published In Darkest England, and the Way Out, in which he had the assistance of William Thomas Stead. He proposed to remedy pauperism and vice by means of: homes for the homeless; training centres to prepare emigrants for oversea colonies; rescue homes for fallen women; homes…
- In der Sache J. Robert Oppenheimer (work by Kipphardt)
Theatre of Fact: Robert Oppenheimer (1964; In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer) re-created the American inquiry into Oppenheimer’s loyalty because of his opposition to the development of the hydrogen bomb.
- In der Strafkolonie (novella by Kafka)
In the Penal Colony, novella by Franz Kafka, written in 1914 and published in German as In der Strafkolonie in 1919. An allegorical fantasy about law and punishment, it was also viewed as an existential comment on human torment and on strict devotion to an ambiguous task. The tale is
- In Dreams (song by Orbison)
Roy Orbison: …use of his song “In Dreams” in the film Blue Velvet. He became a member of the Traveling Wilburys, which boasted a lineup of Orbison, George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, and Jeff Lynne, and their debut album in 1988 landed Orbison in the top ten for the first…
- In Dreams Begin Responsibilities (work by Schwartz)
Delmore Schwartz: His first book, In Dreams Begin Responsibilities (1939), which brought him immediate fame, included the short story of the title and a group of poems remarkable for their lyric beauty and imaginative power. His subsequent publications included Shenandoah (1941), a verse play; Genesis, Book I (1943), a long…
- In Dubious Battle (novel by Steinbeck)
American literature: Hemingway, Faulkner, and Steinbeck: …written but ambiguous strike novel In Dubious Battle (1936) and his flawed masterpiece, The Grapes of Wrath (1939). The latter, a protest novel punctuated by prose-poem interludes, tells the story of the migration of the Joads, an Oklahoma Dust Bowl family, to California. During their almost biblical journey, they learn…
- In Dubious Battle (film by Franco [2016])
James Franco: Other work: …2016 he directed the drama In Dubious Battle, which was based on a John Steinbeck novel (1936) about striking farmworkers. The following year he directed and starred in The Disaster Artist, which recounted the filming of The Room (2003), a notoriously bad movie that became a cult favourite. For his…
- In ecclesiis (work by Gabrieli)
Giovanni Gabrieli: …motets, his masterpiece is perhaps In ecclesiis, for four soloists, four-part choir, violin, three cornets, two trombones, and organ, these forces pitted against one another in an endless variety of combinations.
- In einem Jahr mit 13 Monden (film by Fassbinder [1978])
Rainer Werner Fassbinder: …Jahr mit 13 Monden (1979; In a Year of 13 Moons), a political allegory concerning a transgender woman who confronts her past decisions. Fassbinder’s great trilogy—Die Ehe der Maria Braun (1979; The Marriage of Maria Braun), an ironic portrait of a marriage that reflects German history from World War II…
- In einer dunklen Nacht ging ich aus meinem stillen Haus (novel by Handke)
Peter Handke: …aus meinem stillen Haus (1997; On a Dark Night I Left My Silent House) follows the life-changing journey of a man made mute by injury. Der Bildverlust; oder, durch die Sierra de Gredos (2002; Crossing the Sierra de Gredos) details the pilgrimage and interior life of a woman crossing an…
- Īn Fīlm Nīst (film by Panahi [2011])
Jafar Panahi: …directed Īn Fīlm Nīst (2011; This Is Not a Film), which depicts a day in Panahi’s life while he awaited the result of his appeal, denied in October 2011. The film was made clandestinely in Panahi’s Tehrān apartment and was smuggled out of Iran inside a USB stick hidden in…
- In Flanders Fields (poem by McCrae)
In Flanders Fields, one of history’s most famous wartime poems, written in 1915 during the First World War by Canadian officer and surgeon John McCrae. It helped popularize the red poppy as a symbol of remembrance. When he volunteered at age 41 for service in the First World War, McCrae wrote to a
- In Flanders Fields and Other Poems (work by McCrae)
John McCrae: A book of his poems, In Flanders Fields and Other Poems, was published in 1919.
- In God’s Land (work by Nexø)
Martin Andersen Nexø: …Midt i en Jærntid (1929; In God’s Land), is critical of wealthy farmers during the period of agricultural inflation brought about by World War I. Nexø’s collected short fiction appeared under the title of Muldskud, 3 vol. (1922–26; “From the Soil”).
- in gross (property law)
servitude: …of land are called “in gross.” Benefits acquired by governmental bodies, conservation and preservation organizations, pipeline owners, railroads, and utility companies are often in gross. Easement burdens are never in gross, but covenants to supply water, utilities, or other services to a parcel of land frequently involve a burden…
- In Harm’s Way (film by Preminger [1965])
In Harm’s Way, American war film, released in 1965, that centres on the Pearl Harbor attack and its aftermath. The cast of this World War II epic included John Wayne and Kirk Douglas. The film opens with the Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1941 and then traces its effect
- In Her Own Image (poetry by Boland)
Eavan Boland: …life and political tension, and In Her Own Image (1980), featuring terse poetic narratives about women. The poems of Night Feed (1982) link her spiritual maturation to her new state of motherhood. The Journey (1983), which was expanded as The Journey and Other Poems (1987), infuses mythology into her discussion…
- In Her Shoes (film by Hanson [2005])
Toni Collette: …notices for the ostensibly slight In Her Shoes (2005), in which she was featured as the dowdy sister to Cameron Diaz’s promiscuous wastrel. Her role in the ensemble comedy Little Miss Sunshine (2006), in which she played the matriarch of a dysfunctional clan attempting to shepherd its youngest member to…
- In His Steps (novel by Sheldon)
Charles Monroe Sheldon: The most successful series, In His Steps, concerned the inhabitants of a town who pledged themselves to live for a year as Jesus would live. First published serially in 1896 and in book form in 1897, In His Steps was for 60 years the largest-selling book in the United…
- In Jackson Heights (film by Wiseman [2015])
Frederick Wiseman: Wiseman subsequently made In Jackson Heights (2015), about a diverse community in Queens, New York, and then explored a small Midwestern town in Monrovia, Indiana (2018). City Hall (2020) examines Boston’s local government, from how it functions to its policies on such issues as affordable housing and racial…
- in jure cessio (Roman law)
Roman law: The law of property and possession: In jure cessio was a conveyance in the form of a lawsuit. The transferee claimed before the magistrate that the thing was his, and the transferor, who was the defendant, admitted the claim. The magistrate then adjudged the thing to the transferee. (The sham-lawsuit theory,…
- In laudem Justini (poem by Corippus)
Flavius Cresconius Corippus: In laudem Justini, the four books of which eulogize Justinian I’s successor Justin II, was written after the arrival of Corippus in Constantinople, when he found himself in straits. This rhetorical poem contains elaborate description and excessive detail but is interesting for the account it…
- In Living Color (American television series)
The groundbreaking American satirical sketch comedy television series In Living Color aired on the Fox Broadcasting Company network from 1990 to 1994. Created by writer, producer, actor, and director Keenen Ivory Wayans, the series gave voice to the African American experience in a way that was
- in loco parentis (legal doctrine)
teaching: The doctrine of in loco parentis: When minor children are entrusted by parents to a school, the parents delegate to the school certain responsibilities for their children, and the school has certain liabilities. In effect, the school and the teachers take some of the responsibility and some of…
- In Love and War (film by Attenborough [1996])
Sandra Bullock: Rise to stardom: …best-selling author John Grisham; and In Love and War (1996), a drama about Ernest Hemingway’s wartime romance that inspired his novel A Farewell to Arms (1929).
- In Love with Daylight: A Memoir of Recovery (memoir by Sheed)
Wilfrid Sheed: In 1995 Sheed published In Love with Daylight: A Memoir of Recovery, about his battle with alcoholism and cancer of the tongue and his disappointment with the professionals who treated him. His last work, the best-selling The House That George Built: With a Little Help from Irving Cole and…
- In Mad Love and War (poem by Harjo)
Joy Harjo: Poetry and other writing: …with photographs by Stephen Strom; In Mad Love and War (1990), the winner of a 1991 American Book Award; Fishing (1992); A Map to the Next World: Poetry and Tales (2000); and How We Became Human: New and Selected Poems (2002). In Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings (2015), Harjo chronicles…
- in medias res (literature)
in medias res, the practice of beginning an epic or other narrative by plunging into a crucial situation that is part of a related chain of events; the situation is an extension of previous events and will be developed in later action. The narrative then goes directly forward, and exposition of
- In Memoriam (poem by Tennyson)
In Memoriam, poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, written between the years 1833 and 1850 and published anonymously in 1850. Consisting of 131 sections, a prologue, and an epilogue, this chiefly elegiac work examines the different stages of Tennyson’s period of mourning over the death of his close friend
- In Memoriam A.H.H. (poem by Tennyson)
In Memoriam, poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, written between the years 1833 and 1850 and published anonymously in 1850. Consisting of 131 sections, a prologue, and an epilogue, this chiefly elegiac work examines the different stages of Tennyson’s period of mourning over the death of his close friend
- In Memoriam James Joyce (poetry by MacDiarmid)
English literature: Celtic Modernism: Yeats, Joyce, Jones, and MacDiarmid: …to establish, as in his In Memoriam James Joyce (1955), the truly cosmopolitan nature of Celtic consciousness and achievement. MacDiarmid’s masterpiece in the vernacular, A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle (1926), helped to inspire the Scottish renaissance of the 1920s and ’30s.
- In Memoriam stanza (prosody)
In Memoriam stanza, a quatrain in iambic tetrameter with a rhyme scheme of abba. The form was named for the pattern used by Alfred, Lord Tennyson in his poem In Memoriam, which, following an 11-stanza introduction,
- ‘In Memoriam’ of Italy: A Century of Sonnets from the Poems of Vittoria Colonna, The (work by Colonna)
Vittoria Colonna: …that have been collected as Rime spirituali (1882) and in other volumes. She also wrote much religious poetry.
- In morte di Ugo Bassville (work by Monti)
Vincenzo Monti: …morte di Ugo Bassville (1793; The Penance of Hugo), usually known as Bassvilliana, also praises the pope and warns of the dangers of the French Revolution. Then Napoleon invaded Italy, and his successes converted Monti, who moved to Milan, turned on the papacy, sang the praises of the conqueror, and…
- In My Country (film by Boorman [2004])
John Boorman: Later career and honors: Boorman’s later credits include In My Country (2004), a well-intentioned drama about the consequences of apartheid in South Africa, and The Tiger’s Tail (2006), with Gleeson well cast as a driven Irish businessman whose ruthless real-estate dealings begin to take a toll on his sanity. The drama Queen &…
- In My Father’s Court (work by Singer)
Isaac Bashevis Singer: In 1966 he published In My Father’s Court, based on the Yiddish Mayn tatns besdn shtub (1956), an autobiographical account of his childhood in Warsaw. This work received special praise from the Swedish Academy when Singer was awarded the Nobel Prize. More Stories from My Father’s Court, published posthumously…
- In My Father’s Den (novel by Gee)
Maurice Gee: The novel In My Father’s Den (1972; film 2004) explores New Zealand social mores by way of the childhood reminisces of a teacher in the wake of the murder of one of his students.
- In My Father’s Den (film by McGann [2004])
History of film: Australia, New Zealand, and Canada: …Whale Rider (2002), Brad McGann’s In My Father’s Den (2004), and Roger Donaldson’s The World’s Fastest Indian (2005). Actor-turned-director Taika Waititi found success with Eagle vs Shark (2007), Boy (2010), Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016), and Jojo Rabbit (2019).
- In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture (work by Appiah)
Kwame Anthony Appiah: …political and cultural issues in In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture (1992), a philosophical exploration of the nature of African identity in the West and in an increasingly global culture. In Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race (1996; with Amy Guttman), Appiah argued that the…