African music: Inherent note patterns: Closely associated with interlocking techniques but not necessarily depending on them is the composition of inherent note patterns. These are rhythmic and melodic patterns that emerge when series of notes in distinct intervals are played at high speed.

Josh Brolin: Stardom: No Country for Old Men and Milk: …detective Christian (“Bigfoot”) Bjornsen in Inherent Vice (2014), Paul Thomas Anderson’s adaptation of Thomas Pynchon’s novel about California’s counterculture.

Thomas Pynchon: Inherent Vice (2009; film 2014), Pynchon’s rambling take on the detective novel, returns to the California counterculture milieu of Vineland. Bleeding Edge (2013) chronicles the efforts of a fraud investigator to untangle the nefarious doings of a New York computer-security firm in the year leading…

Inherit the Wind, American film drama, released in 1960, that was inspired by the famous Scopes Trial of 1925, in which a Tennessee high-school teacher was arrested and prosecuted for teaching Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. Although the film was based on real events, the names of all the

Stanley Kramer: Directing: Lee play about the Scopes Trial of 1925. The 1960 film featured acclaimed performances by Spencer Tracy (as Clarence Darrow) and Fredric March (as William Jennings Bryan). Kramer also earned praise for his direction of the tense drama. He reteamed with Tracy on

inheritance, the devolution of property on an heir or heirs upon the death of the owner. The term inheritance also designates the property itself. In modern society, the process is regulated in minute detail by law. In the civil law of the continental European pattern, the pertinent branch is

race: Hereditary statuses versus the rise of individualism: Inheritance as the basis of individual social position is an ancient tenet of human history, extending to some point after the beginnings of agriculture (about 10,000 bce). Expressions of it are found throughout the world in kinship-based societies where genealogical links determine an individual’s status,…

valley: Cross-axial drainage: …cross-axial drainage is that of inheritance. In this hypothesis, an erosion surface is developed across the structure zone by long-continued planation. When the streams incise, abandoning the former planation surface, they become imposed across the structures. Alternatively, the stream may actually exploit zones of weakness or minimal resistance as it…

inheritance: Limits on freedom of testation: …extended by the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependents) Act of 1975. Under that act, the standard for provision for a surviving spouse is no longer limited to maintenance but is a reasonable share of the deceased’s estate. The class of applicants has been widened to include any person…

inheritance: Limits on freedom of testation: Family provision acts of this kind have since been enacted in Australia, Canada, and England.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: The inheritance of acquired characters: In 1800 Lamarck first set forth the revolutionary notion of species mutability during a lecture to students in his invertebrate zoology class at the National Museum of Natural History. By 1802 the general outlines of his broad theory of organic transformation…

The Inheritance of Loss, second novel written by Indian-born American author Kiran Desai. Published in 2006, it was hailed by critics and readers and was awarded the Booker Prize. The Inheritance of Loss is set in the mid-1980s both in India and in New York City, with the British colonial past

inheritance tax, levy on the property accruing to each beneficiary of the estate of a deceased person. It is usually calculated by reference to the amount received and the relationship (if any) of the beneficiary to the deceased. In some systems the value of the property already owned by the

probate, in Anglo-American law, the judicial proceedings by which it is determined whether or not a paper purporting to be the last will of a deceased person is the legally valid last will. What appears to be a valid will may not be so: it may have been forged, not executed in the way required by

Stephen Daldry: Daldry then directed The Inheritance, which premiered in London in 2018. Inspired by E.M. Forster’s classic novel Howards End (1910), the play considers the lives of young gay men a generation after the height of the AIDS crisis. It won four Olivier Awards, and Daldry was named best…

allele: Most traits are determined by more than two alleles. Multiple forms of the allele may exist, though only two will attach to the designated gene site during meiosis. Also, some traits are controlled by two or more gene sites. Both possibilities multiply the number of alleles…

infancy: …infants display a set of inherited reflexes involving such acts as sucking, blinking, grasping, and limb withdrawal. Infants’ vision improves from 20/800 (in Snellen notation) among two-week-olds to 20/70 vision in five-month-olds to 20/20 at five years. Even newborns are sensitive to certain visual patterns, chiefly movement and light-dark contrasts…

William Golding: The Inheritors (1955), set in the last days of Neanderthal man, is another story of the essential violence and depravity of human nature. The guilt-filled reflections of a naval officer, his ship torpedoed, who faces an agonizing death are the subject of Pincher Martin (1956).…

Ford Madox Ford: …led to their collaboration in The Inheritors (1901) and Romance (1903). In 1908 he founded the English Review, publishing pieces by the foremost contemporary British authors and also by the then-unknown D.H. Lawrence, Wyndham Lewis, Ezra Pound, and H.M. Tomlinson. At the same time, Ford produced works of his own:…

inhibin, hormone secreted by the granulosa cells in the ovaries of women that acts primarily to inhibit the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary gland. Since the major action of follicle-stimulating hormone is to stimulate the formation and function of granulosa

human eye: Inhibition: In the central nervous system generally, the relay of impulses from one nerve cell, or neuron, to excite another is only one aspect of neuronal interaction. Just as important, if not more so, is the inhibition of one neuron by the discharge in another.…

inhibition, in psychology, conscious or unconscious constraint or curtailment of a process or behaviour, especially of impulses or desires. Inhibition serves necessary social functions, abating or preventing certain impulses from being acted on (e.g., the desire to hit someone in the heat of anger)

inhibition, in enzymology, a phenomenon in which a compound, called an inhibitor, in most cases similar in structure to the substance (substrate) upon which an enzyme acts to form a product, interacts with the enzyme so that the resulting complex either cannot undergo the usual reaction or cannot

biochemistry: Applied biochemistry: …have been designed specifically as enzyme inhibitors to interfere with the metabolism of a host or invasive agent. Biochemical advances in the knowledge of the action of natural hormones and antibiotics promise to aid further in the development of specific pharmaceuticals.

catalysis: …a foreign substance, called an inhibitor, decreases the rate of a chemical reaction. This phenomenon, properly termed inhibition or retardation, is sometimes called negative catalysis. Concentrations of the inhibitor may in some cases be much lower than those of the reactants. Inhibition may result from (1) a decrease in the…

nervous system: Amino acids: …acid (or aspartate), and the inhibitory amino acids include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine.

nervous system: Postsynaptic potential: …impulse, it is called an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). The interaction of competing EPSPs and IPSPs at the hundreds or even thousands of synapses on a single neuron determines whether the nerve impulse arriving at the presynaptic terminals will be regenerated in the postsynaptic membrane.

Jim Inhofe was an American Republican politician who represented Oklahoma in the U.S. Senate from 1994 to 2023. He previously served as mayor of Tulsa, Oklahoma (1978–84), and as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1987–94). Although he was born in Iowa, Inhofe grew up in Tulsa. After a

Jim Inhofe was an American Republican politician who represented Oklahoma in the U.S. Senate from 1994 to 2023. He previously served as mayor of Tulsa, Oklahoma (1978–84), and as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1987–94). Although he was born in Iowa, Inhofe grew up in Tulsa. After a

cosmology: Inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis: One possible modification concerns models of so-called inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis. The idea is that in the very early universe (the first microsecond) the subnuclear particles that later made up the protons and neutrons existed in a free state as a quark-gluon

burial: Inhumation: Burial in the ground by hollowing out a trench in the earth for the body or covering it with rocks or dirt dates back at least to the Middle Paleolithic Period. Grave burial, or inhumation, may be simple or elaborate. Some Eskimo people cover…

Ine was an Anglo-Saxon king of the West Saxons, or Wessex, from 688 to 726. One of the most powerful West Saxon rulers before Alfred the Great, Ine was the first West Saxon king to issue a code of laws, which are an important source for the structure of early English society. Ine succeeded to the

Spain: Economy: …government ownership, realized through the National Industrial Institute (INI), which was created in 1941 to develop defense-related industries and other industries ignored by the private sector. The self-imposed economic isolation was reinforced by the Western democracies, which shunned Spain after 1945 because of its “fascist” government. Spain did not receive…

river dolphin: The Araguaian boto (I. araguaiaensis), which is physically similar to the Amazon river dolphin, was classified as a separate species in 2014 on the basis of its distinct DNA. This species inhabits the Araguaia-Tocantins river system in Brazil.

river dolphin: The Bolivian river dolphin (I. boliviensis), native to a few remote streams in the Bolivian Amazon, is slightly smaller than the Amazon river dolphin, and its skin is coloured grayish pink. The Teotônio rapids between Bolivia and Brazil separate the two species, and DNA studies suggest…

river dolphin: The largest species is the Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis). Also called boto, bufeo, and pink dolphin, it is common in the turbid waters of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. A male Amazon river dolphin can grow to over 2.4 metres (8 feet) and 160 kg (350 pounds); females…

cephalic disorder: Iniencephaly: Iniencephaly is evident when the head is tilted back, in an extreme retroflexed position, such that an infant is born with the face looking upward; in most cases, the neck is apparently absent. The disorder is accompanied by severe spinal defects and often brain…

Andrés Iniesta is a Spanish football (soccer) player who helped his country win the Euro title in 2008 and 2012 and the 2010 World Cup; it was the first time a national squad had captured three consecutive major world championships. Iniesta was born in a small village in the province of Albacete,

Andrés Iniesta is a Spanish football (soccer) player who helped his country win the Euro title in 2008 and 2012 and the 2010 World Cup; it was the first time a national squad had captured three consecutive major world championships. Iniesta was born in a small village in the province of Albacete,

Oceanic art and architecture: New Britain: …two male secret societies, the Iniet and the Dukduk. Iniet initiations were held in walled enclosures lined with paintings of human figures. Long panels of openwork carving showing human figures, animals, and abstract designs were carried in one initiation dance, while the frontal bones of human skulls, which had been…

dolphin: Paleontology and classification: Family Iniidae (South American river dolphins)5 species in 3 genera inhabiting rivers and coasts of eastern South America and China. The Chinese river dolphin, or baiji (Lipotes vexillifer), remains in this group, but most sources consider it to be extinct.Assorted References

Ennis, county town (seat) of County Clare, Ireland, on the River Fergus. Incorporated in 1612, it is now controlled by an urban district council. A Franciscan abbey, founded about 1242, is a national monument. Ennis, on the main road between Limerick and Galway, is the principal rail and road

Enniskillen, town, Fermanagh and Omagh district, southwestern Northern Ireland. Situated on Cethlin’s Island, it was a strategic crossing point of Lough Erne and an ancient stronghold of the Maguires of Fermanagh. Incorporated by the English king James I, it defeated a force sent by James II in

Inisa, town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria, near a station on the railroad from Lagos, some 135 miles (215 km) to the southwest. Situated on the road from Ikirun to Offa and Ilorin, Inisa is a local market centre (yams, cassava [manioc], corn [maize], pumpkins, beans, okra) for a savanna region

Aran Islands: islands—Inishmore, Inishmaan, and Inisheer—comprising 18 square miles (47 square km) and lying across the mouth of Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland. They are administratively part of County Galway. The islands, whose sheer cliffs face the Atlantic Ocean, are generally bleak. Ships and ferries call mainly…

Aran Islands: Islands, three limestone islands—Inishmore, Inishmaan, and Inisheer—comprising 18 square miles (47 square km) and lying across the mouth of Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland. They are administratively part of County Galway. The islands, whose sheer cliffs face the Atlantic Ocean, are generally bleak. Ships and ferries…

Aran Islands: —Inishmore, Inishmaan, and Inisheer—comprising 18 square miles (47 square km) and lying across the mouth of Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland. They are administratively part of County Galway. The islands, whose sheer cliffs face the Atlantic Ocean, are generally bleak. Ships and…

angiosperm: Vegetative structures: …and their cells are termed initials. In the embryo they are found at either end of the bipolar axis and are called apical meristems. As the plant matures, apical meristems in the shoots produce new buds and leaves, and apical meristems in the roots are the points of active growth…

caesura: …beginning of one line (an initial caesura) and near the end of the next (terminal caesura). There may be several caesuras within a single line or none at all. Thus, it has the effect of interposing the informal and irregular patterns of speech as a subtle counterpoint to the poem’s…

Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a short interval of maximum temperature lasting approximately 100,000 years during the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs (roughly 55 million years ago). The interval was characterized by the highest global temperatures of the Cenozoic Era (65 million

Japanese art: Jōmon period: The period called Initial Jōmon (c. 8000–5000 bce) produced bullet-shaped pots used for cooking or boiling food. The tapered bases of the pots were designed to stabilize the vessels in soft soil and ash at the centre of a fire pit. Decorative schemes included markings made by pressing…

pre-Columbian civilizations: The Initial Period: The next epoch, called the Initial Period by the American scholar John H. Rowe, and the Lower Formative by the Peruvian archaeologist Luis G. Lumbreras, began with the introduction of pottery. The earliest ceramics have yielded radiocarbon dates of about 1800 bce, although…

In corporate finance, an initial public offering (IPO) is a primary market process through which a private company first offers to sell securities (usually shares) to public investors. The act of conducting an IPO is commonly referred to as “going public.” In the process: A private company seeking

nuclear weapon: Initial radiation: A special feature of a nuclear explosion is the emission of nuclear radiation, which may be separated into initial radiation and residual radiation. Initial radiation, also known as prompt radiation, consists of gamma rays and neutrons produced within a minute of the detonation.…

nervous system: Axon: …at a region called the axon hillock, or initial segment. This is the region where the plasma membrane generates nerve impulses; the axon conducts these impulses away from the soma or dendrites toward other neurons. Large axons acquire an insulating myelin sheath and are known as myelinated, or medullated, fibres.…

chronology: Maya and Mexican: …are called Initial Series, or Long Counts, the former because they usually stand at the start of an inscription (see calendar: The Mayan calendar). For example, the combination day 8 Muluc, falling on second of Zip (third month), recurs every 52 years, but the Initial Series (here 9.10.6.5.9 8 Muluc…

Initial Teaching Alphabet, alphabet of 44 characters designed by Sir James Pitman to help children learn to read English more effectively. The Initial Teaching Alphabet is based on the phonemic (sound) system of English and uses the Roman alphabet, augmented by 14 additional characters, to

parabolic equation: These additional conditions are called initial values and boundary values, respectively, and together are sometimes called auxiliary conditions.

numerical analysis: Solving differential and integral equations: Most initial value problems for ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations are solved in this way. Numerical methods for solving differential and integral equations often involve both approximation theory and the solution of quite large linear and nonlinear systems of equations.

abbreviation: …are to be distinguished from initialisms such as U.S.A. and NCAA, which are spoken by reciting their letters.

Karl Gotthard Lamprecht: His Initialornamentik. . . (1882) dealt with the psychological implications of 8th- to 13th-century artistic ornamentation and symbolism and provided the core for his later and more elaborated theory.

improvised explosive device: Components: …all IEDs consist of an initiating mechanism, a detonator, an explosive charge, and a casing or collection of projectiles (such as ball bearings or nails) that produces lethal fragments upon detonation. In practice, IEDs can be made of many different kinds of objects and materials, including artillery or mortar rounds,…

improvised explosive device: Components: …all IEDs consist of an initiating mechanism, a detonator, an explosive charge, and a casing or collection of projectiles (such as ball bearings or nails) that produces lethal fragments upon detonation. In practice, IEDs can be made of many different kinds of objects and materials, including artillery or mortar rounds,…

improvised explosive device: Components: …all IEDs consist of an initiating mechanism, a detonator, an explosive charge, and a casing or collection of projectiles (such as ball bearings or nails) that produces lethal fragments upon detonation. In practice, IEDs can be made of many different kinds of objects and materials, including artillery or mortar rounds,…

chain reaction: …subdivided into three stages: (1) Initiation, in which a reactive intermediate, which may be an atom, an ion, or a neutral molecular fragment, is formed, usually through the action of an agent such as light, heat, or a catalyst. (2) Propagation, whereby the intermediate reacts with the original reactants, producing…

cancer: Chemicals, particulate matter, and fibers: …tumors involves two clear steps: initiation and promotion. Initiation is characterized by permanent heritable damage to a cell’s DNA. A chemical capable of initiating cancer—a tumor initiator—sows the seeds of cancer but cannot elicit a tumor on its own. For tumor progression to occur, initiation must be followed by exposure…

rite of passage: Initiation rites: The most prevalent of rites of initiation among societies of the world are those observed at puberty. These have frequently been called puberty rites, but, as van Gennep argued long ago, this name is inappropriate. Puberty among females is often defined as the…

Ictinus: …rebuilding and enlargement of the Telestrion hall at the temple to Demeter and Persephone at Eleusis in collaboration with Coroebus, Metagenes, and Xenocles. The Telestrion hall, where the Eleusinian Mysteries were performed, was a square hall with rock-cut seats. Ictinus probably worked at Eleusis about 430 bc, sometime after he…

chess: Morphy and the theory of attack: …priority for Morphy was the initiative, the ability to force matters. Superior development in a position with few centre pawns conferred the initiative on one player. In the games of lesser players the initiative might pass back and forth as players err. But Morphy rarely failed to bring an initiative…

referendum and initiative: initiative, electoral devices by which voters may express their wishes with regard to government policy or proposed legislation. They exist in a variety of forms.

initiator, a source of any chemical species that reacts with a monomer (single molecule that can form chemical bonds) to form an intermediate compound capable of linking successively with a large number of other monomers into a polymeric compound. The most widely used initiators produce free

cancer: Initiators: Compounds capable of initiating tumor development may act directly to cause genetic damage, or they may require metabolic conversion by an organism to become reactive. Direct-acting carcinogens include organic chemicals such as nitrogen mustard, benzoyl chloride, and many metals. Most initiators are not damaging…

Olympe Bhêly-Quénum: …their superstitious countrymen; and L’Initié (1979; “The Initiate”), the protagonist of which is a French-trained doctor who is also an initiate of a faith-healing cult. A collection of short stories (Liaison d’une été [1968; “Summer Affair”]), many of which were written before the novels, introduced his major theme of…

Mongolian literature: Origins through the 19th century: Injannashi, his son, finished his father’s novel and wrote two others, all in the style of contemporary Chinese popular novels. To Köke sudur he added Tobchitu tolta (“Brief Summary”), a long essay that outlines his views on history. He also wrote numerous poems. Gularansa and…

therapeutics: Hormones: Progestin-only pills and injections are also effective contraceptives; they work by forming a thick cervical mucus that is relatively impenetrable to sperm. The mortality associated with all forms of birth control is less than that associated with childbirth, except for women older than age 35 who smoke cigarettes.…

injection, in mathematics, a mapping (or function) between two sets such that the domain (input) of the mapping consists of all the elements of the first set, the range (output) consists of some subset of the second set, and each element of the first set is mapped to a different element of the

advanced ceramics: Injection molding: Injection molding, commonly employed in polymer processing, also is employed for advanced ceramics. In injection molding a ceramic mix is forced through a heated tubular barrel by action of a screw or plunger. The mix consists of ceramic powder plus a thermoplastic polymer…

injector, a device for injecting liquid fuel into an internal-combustion engine. The term is also used to describe an apparatus for injecting feed water into a boiler. In diesel engines fuel must be in a highly atomized form for proper combustion. Usually this is accomplished with a plunger and

injera, Ethiopian flatbread, typically made from a batter of fermented teff (Eragrostis tef) flour and known for its spongy texture and sour taste. The word injera is derived from the Amharic word ənǰära. Injera is a staple of traditional Ethiopian cuisine. It is usually made with flour ground from

Iran: The Il-Khans: In Fārs, Il-Khanid agents, the Injuids, after a spell of power during which Abū Isḥāq Injū had been the poet Hāfeẓ’s patron, were ousted by Abū Saʿīd’s governor of Yazd, Mubāriz al-Dīn Muẓaffar. Thus in 1353 Shīrāz became the Muẓaffarid dynasty’s capital, which it remained until conquest by Timur in…

John T. McCutcheon: …most famous cartoon was “Injun Summer,” first printed on September 30, 1907. The top half of the drawing shows a small boy and his grandfather looking over an Indiana cornfield. In the bottom half, shocks of corn were transformed into tepees and the field into an Indian camp by…

injunction, in civil proceedings, order of a court requiring a party to do or not to do a specified act or acts. An injunction is called prohibitory if it forbids the doing of an act and mandatory if it orders that an act be done. Disobedience to the order is punishable by contempt of court.

assault and battery, related but distinct crimes, battery being the unlawful application of physical force to another and assault being an attempt to commit battery or an act that causes another reasonably to fear an imminent battery. These concepts are found in most legal systems and together with

wound, a break in the continuity of any bodily tissue due to violence, where violence is understood to encompass any action of external agency, including, for example, surgery. Within this general definition many subdivisions are possible, taking into account and grouping together the various forms

tort: Compensation: …most serious cases of personal injury—it does not function with great efficiency. Though tort lawyers rightly regard tort as the compensation system that caters best to the particular victim on the basis of the pre-accident situation and prognosis of his future, it nonetheless remains expensive, capricious, and dilatory. The Royal…

Beryl Bainbridge: …A Quiet Life (1976), and Injury Time (1977). In Young Adolf (1978), Bainbridge imagines a visit Adolf Hitler might have paid to a relative living in England before World War I. Winter Garden (1980) is a mystery about an English artist who disappears on a visit to the Soviet Union.…

octopus: Description: When endangered, they eject an inky substance, which is used as a screen; the substance produced by some species paralyzes the sensory organs of the attacker.

conductive ceramics: Thick-film and thin-film resistors and electrodes: Inks are pulverized conductor and glaze particles dispersed in suitable organics, which impart the flow properties necessary for screen printing. On firing, the organics burn out as the glazes fuse. By varying the amount of conductor particles, it is possible to produce wide variations in…

ink, fluid or paste of various colours, but usually black or dark blue, used for writing and printing. It is composed of a pigment or dye dissolved or dispersed in a liquid called the vehicle. Writing inks date from about 2500 bc and were used in ancient Egypt and China. They consisted of lampblack

Ted Danson: Personal life and activism: …on the short-lived comedy series Ink (1996–97) and starred in the acclaimed television miniseries Gulliver’s Travels (1996). Among other collaborations, they have also appeared together in episodes of Curb Your Enthusiasm.

cephalopod: Form and function: …deep-sea Octopoda there is an ink sac located near the anus. This secretes a dark fluid, the sepia or ink, which is forcibly ejected through the funnel.

the Ink Spots, American vocal group prominent in the late 1930s and ’40s. One of the first African-American groups, along with the Mills Brothers, to reach both black and white audiences, the Ink Spots exerted great influence on the development of the doo-wop vocal style. The principal members were

Thomas Keneally: …The Power Game (2018) and The Ink Stain (2019).

William Kennedy: His first novel, The Ink Truck (1969), concerns a colourful columnist named Bailey who leads a strike at his newspaper in Albany.

Albert Goldbarth: Back (1976), Different Fleshes (1979), Ink, Blood, Semen (1980), Who Gathered and Whispered Behind Me (1981), Arts & Sciences (1986), Popular Culture (1990), The Gods (1993), Adventures in Ancient Egypt (1996), Beyond (1998), Saving Lives

cybercrime: Counterfeiting and forgery: Ink-jet printers now account for a growing percentage of the counterfeit currency confiscated by the U.S. Secret Service. In 1995 ink-jet currency accounted for 0.5 percent of counterfeit U.S. currency; in 1997 ink-jet printers produced 19 percent of the illegal cash. By 2014 almost 60…

Inca, South American Indians who, at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1532, ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from the northern border of modern Ecuador to the Maule River in central Chile. A brief treatment of the Inca follows; for full treatment, see

pre-Columbian civilizations: The beginnings of external expansion: Inca Roca (’Inka Roq’a ’Inka) succeeded his father and subjugated some groups that lived about 12 miles southeast of Cuzco. He is mostly remembered in the chronicles for the fact that he fathered a large number of sons, one of whom, Yahuar Huacac (Yawar Waqaq),…

pre-Columbian civilizations: Internal division and external expansion: The Emperor chose Inca Urcon (’Inka ’Urqon) as his successor, but the two generals Vicaquirao and Apo Mayta preferred another son, Cusi Inca Yupanqui (Kusi ’Inka Yupanki). As the Chanca approached Cuzco, Viracocha Inca and Inca Urcon withdrew to a fort near Calca, while Cusi Inca Yupanqui, the…

Eswatini: Relief and soils: …to east they are the Highveld, the Middleveld, the Lowveld, and the Lubombo (Lebombo) escarpment. Geologically, the oldest formations are in the west, and the youngest are in the east.