Philly Joe Jones was an American jazz musician, one of the major percussionists of the bop era, and among the most recorded as well. Instructed by his mother, a piano teacher, Jones began playing drums as a child. During the 1940s he accompanied visiting artists such as Dexter Gordon and Fats

Boston Celtics: …Player), and later Sam Jones, K.C. Jones, and John Havlicek, the “Celts” won eight consecutive NBA titles between 1958–59 and 1965–66—a record for the four major North American team sports—and triumphed again in 1967–68 and 1968–69.

Rod Stewart: Career with the Jeff Beck Group and the Faces: Kenney Jones—played bluesy rock that appealed to Stewart’s long-standing interest in R&B. During the early 1970s the raucous Faces were among Britain’s most popular live performers, and their album A Nod’s as Good as a Wink…to a Blind Horse (1971) remains highly regarded. Nonetheless, Stewart,…

Enid Bagnold was an English novelist and playwright who was known for her broad range of subject and style. Bagnold, the daughter of an army officer, spent her early childhood in Jamaica and attended schools in England and France. She served with the British women’s services during World War I; her

Amiri Baraka was an American poet and playwright who published provocative works that assiduously presented the experiences and suppressed anger of Black Americans in a white-dominated society. After attending Rutgers University and then Howard University in the early 1950s, Jones served in the

Leslie Jones is an American comedian and actress known for stand-up comedy specials and screen roles that showcase her gifts for physical comedy and crowd work, the latter comprising spontaneous engagement with audience members during live performances. Jones is the daughter of Sundra Diane Jones,

Lewis Ralph Jones was a U.S. botanist and agricultural biologist, one of the first and most distinguished of American plant pathologists. Jones studied botany at the University of Michigan (Ph.D., 1889) and afterward left for the University of Vermont to become research botanist at the Agricultural

Betty Carter was an American jazz singer who is best remembered for the scat and other complex musical interpretations that showcased her remarkable vocal flexibility and musical imagination. Carter studied piano at the Detroit Conservatory of Music in her native Michigan. At age 16 she began

Spike Jones was a U.S. bandleader known for his novelty recordings. Jones played drums in radio bands in the late 1930s and soon became known for adding anarchically comical sounds such as car horns, cowbells, and anvils to his percussion. In 1942 he formed Spike Jones and His City Slickers, and

Lois Mailou Jones was an American painter and educator whose works reflect a command of widely varied styles, from traditional landscape to African-themed abstraction. Jones was reared in Boston by middle-class parents who nurtured her precocious talent and ambition. She studied art at Boston High

Marion Jones is an American athlete, who, at the 2000 Olympic Games, became the first woman to win five track-and-field medals at a single Olympics. In 2007, however, she admitted to having used banned substances and subsequently returned the medals. Jones early displayed talent on the track, and

mental disorder: Development of behavior therapy: …small boy, and in 1924 Mary Cover Jones reported the extinction of phobias in children by gradual desensitization. Modern behavior therapy began with the description by the South African psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe of his technique of systematically desensitizing patients with phobias, beginning by exposing them to the least-feared object or…

Mother Jones was a labour organizer, widely known in the United States as a fiery agitator for the union rights of coal miners and other workers. In 1871 Jones, the widow of an iron-moulder who had died in 1867 in an epidemic in Memphis, Tennessee, lost all her possessions in the great Chicago

Matilda Sissieretta Jones was an American opera singer who was among the greatest sopranos in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Jones early revealed her talent as a singer, and for a time she studied at the Providence (Rhode Island) Academy of Music. She may have undertaken further studies at

International Association of Lions Clubs: …by a Chicago insurance broker, Melvin Jones, in Dallas, Texas, in 1917 to foster a spirit of “generous consideration” among peoples of the world and to promote good government, good citizenship, and an active interest in civic, social, commercial, and moral welfare. Jones remained an active member of the Lions…

the Clash: …22, 2002, Broomfield, Somerset, England), Mick Jones (byname of Michael Jones; b. June 26, 1955, London, England), Paul Simonon (b. December 15, 1955, London), Terry (“Tory Crimes”) Chimes (b. July 5, 1956, London), and Nick (“Topper”) Headon (b. May 30, 1955, Bromley, Kent, England).

the Clash: …22, 2002, Broomfield, Somerset, England), Mick Jones (byname of Michael Jones; b. June 26, 1955, London, England), Paul Simonon (b. December 15, 1955, London), Terry (“Tory Crimes”) Chimes (b. July 5, 1956, London), and Nick (“Topper”) Headon (b. May 30, 1955, Bromley, Kent, England).

Joycelyn Elders is an American physician and public health official who served (1993–94) as U.S. surgeon general, the first Black American and the second woman to hold that post. Elders was the first of eight children in a family of sharecroppers. At age 15 she entered Philander Smith College, a

Mother Jones was a labour organizer, widely known in the United States as a fiery agitator for the union rights of coal miners and other workers. In 1871 Jones, the widow of an iron-moulder who had died in 1867 in an epidemic in Memphis, Tennessee, lost all her possessions in the great Chicago

Nas is an American rapper and songwriter who became a dominant voice in 1990s East Coast hip-hop. Nas built a reputation as an expressive chronicler of inner-city street life. Nasir Jones, the son of a jazz musician, grew up in public housing in Queens, New York. He dropped out of school in the

Nas is an American rapper and songwriter who became a dominant voice in 1990s East Coast hip-hop. Nas built a reputation as an expressive chronicler of inner-city street life. Nasir Jones, the son of a jazz musician, grew up in public housing in Queens, New York. He dropped out of school in the

Norah Jones is an American singer-songwriter and musician who rose to international stardom with her debut album Come Away with Me (2002), a fusion of jazz, pop, and country music. Jones, the daughter of American concert producer Sue Jones and Indian sitar virtuoso Ravi Shankar, lived with her

Owen Jones was an English designer, architect, and writer, best known for his standard work treating both Eastern and Western design motifs, The Grammar of Ornament (1856), which presented a systematic pictorial collection emphasizing both the use of colour and the application of logical principles

Patty Murray is an American politician who was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 1992 and began representing Washington the following year. Murray was the first female senator from the state, and she later became the first woman to serve as president pro tempore of the Senate (2023– ).

Monica Lewinsky: …perspectives of Lewinsky, Tripp, and Paula Jones. (Jones had sued Clinton for sexual harassment over an alleged 1991 incident, but the lawsuit was later dismissed.)

totemism: …written by a Methodist missionary, Peter Jones, himself an Ojibwa, who died in 1856 and whose report was published posthumously. According to Jones, the Great Spirit had given toodaims (“totems”) to the Ojibwa clans, and because of this act, it should never be forgotten that members of the group are…

Philly Joe Jones was an American jazz musician, one of the major percussionists of the bop era, and among the most recorded as well. Instructed by his mother, a piano teacher, Jones began playing drums as a child. During the 1940s he accompanied visiting artists such as Dexter Gordon and Fats

Quincy Jones was an American musical performer, producer, arranger, and composer whose work encompassed virtually all forms of popular music. A titan of the music industry, Jones worked with many of the biggest names in jazz, rock, rhythm and blues, pop, and hip-hop. Among his many legendary

Quincy Jones was an American musical performer, producer, arranger, and composer whose work encompassed virtually all forms of popular music. A titan of the music industry, Jones worked with many of the biggest names in jazz, rock, rhythm and blues, pop, and hip-hop. Among his many legendary

R. William Jones was an organizer of international basketball. Jones was born the son of a British father and an Italian mother and assumed British citizenship. After schooling at Rome, he went to Springfield (Mass.) College, where basketball had been invented in 1891. After graduation in 1928, he

Vanity Fair: …2017 and was succeeded by Radhika Jones.

Quincy Jones: Books and documentaries: …his daughter, actress and screenwriter Rashida Jones, and filmmaker Alan Hicks. In 2022 Jones published 12 Notes: On Life and Creativity, which shares his reflections on the creative process.

R. William Jones was an organizer of international basketball. Jones was born the son of a British father and an Italian mother and assumed British citizenship. After schooling at Rome, he went to Springfield (Mass.) College, where basketball had been invented in 1891. After graduation in 1928, he

Richard Jones was a British economist and clergyman. Jones was educated at Cambridge University, graduating in 1816. He entered the Church of England ministry and spent a period of time as a curate. In 1833 he was appointed professor of political economy at King’s College, London. He then succeeded

Michael McDonald: Career: Simon, Bonnie Raitt, Elton John, Rickie Lee Jones, Kenny Loggins (with whom he wrote “What a Fool Believes”), Joni Mitchell, and the Pointer Sisters.

Robert Jones was a songwriter of the school of English lutenists that flourished at the turn of the 17th century. Little is known about his life except that he received a bachelor of music degree at the University of Oxford in 1597 and that in 1610 he and Philip Rosseter and two others were granted

Robert Edmond Jones was a U.S. theatrical and motion-picture designer whose imaginative simplification of sets initiated the 20th-century American revolution against realism in stage design. Graduating from Harvard University (1910), Jones began designing scenery for the theatre in New York City in

Bob Jones, Sr. was a prominent American evangelist and the founder of Bob Jones University (BJU), a conservative Christian liberal arts university in South Carolina. Jones was known for his unwavering commitment to Christian fundamentalism and for his strong stance against liberal and modernist

Bobby Jones was an American amateur golfer who, in 1930, became the first man to achieve the golf Grand Slam by winning in a single year the four major tournaments of the time: the British Open (Open Championship), the U.S. Open, and the British and U.S. amateur championships. From 1923 through

Roy Jones, Jr. is an American boxer who became only the second light heavyweight champion to win a heavyweight title. For several years beginning in the late 1990s, he was widely considered the best boxer of his generation. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Jones was taught to

Rufus Matthew Jones was one of the most respected U.S. Quakers of his time, who wrote extensively on Christian mysticism and helped found the American Friends Service Committee. In 1893 Jones became editor of the Friends’ Review (later the American Friend) and in the same year began to teach

Ruth Gordon was an American writer and actress who achieved award-winning acclaim in both pursuits. Much of her writing was done in collaboration with her second husband, Garson Kanin. After high school Gordon studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. She had a role as an

Dinah Washington was an American jazz and blues singer noted for her excellent voice control and unique gospel-influenced delivery. Often called the Queen of the Blues, she was a profoundly influential vocal artist, especially on female rock and roll singers. As a child, Ruth Jones moved with her

Boston Celtics: …Most Valuable Player), and later Sam Jones, K.C. Jones, and John Havlicek, the “Celts” won eight consecutive NBA titles between 1958–59 and 1965–66—a record for the four major North American team sports—and triumphed again in 1967–68 and 1968–69.

match: …match” patented in 1828 by Samuel Jones of London. This consisted of a glass bead containing acid, the outside of which was coated with igniting composition. When the glass was broken by means of a small pair of pliers, or even with the user’s teeth, the paper in which it…

Samuel M. Jones was a Welsh-born U.S. businessman and civic politician notable for his progressive policies in both milieus. Jones immigrated to the United States with his parents at age three and grew up in New York. At age 18, after very little schooling, he went to work in the oil fields of

Samuel M. Jones was a Welsh-born U.S. businessman and civic politician notable for his progressive policies in both milieus. Jones immigrated to the United States with his parents at age three and grew up in New York. At age 18, after very little schooling, he went to work in the oil fields of

Shilese Jones is an American gymnast who has won six world championship medals. Her signature event is the uneven bars, though she has enjoyed success in all disciplines. Known for her perseverance, Jones has had to overcome injuries, personal loss, and professional setbacks. Jones grew up in

Shirley Jones is an American actress who was a musical star in the 1950s and early ’60s before becoming better known for her role as Shirley Partridge, the matriarch of a family singing group, in the television sitcom The Partridge Family (1970–74). Jones, who was named after child star Shirley

Shirley Jones is an American actress who was a musical star in the 1950s and early ’60s before becoming better known for her role as Shirley Partridge, the matriarch of a family singing group, in the television sitcom The Partridge Family (1970–74). Jones, who was named after child star Shirley

Sir Harold Spencer Jones was the 10th astronomer royal of England (1933–55), who organized a program that led to a more accurate determination of the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun. After studies at the University of Cambridge, Jones became chief assistant at the Royal Observatory in

Tom Jones is a Welsh-born singer with broad musical appeal who first came to fame as a sex symbol with a fantastic voice and raucous stage presence. He was known best for his songs “It’s Not Unusual,” “What’s New, Pussycat?,” “Green, Green Grass of Home,” and “Delilah” from the 1960s, but he

Sir William Jones was a British Orientalist and jurist who did much to encourage interest in Oriental studies in the West. Of Welsh parentage, he studied at Harrow and University College, Oxford (1764–68), and learned Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Persian. By the end of his life, he had learned

Spike Jones was a U.S. bandleader known for his novelty recordings. Jones played drums in radio bands in the late 1930s and soon became known for adding anarchically comical sounds such as car horns, cowbells, and anvils to his percussion. In 1942 he formed Spike Jones and His City Slickers, and

the Sex Pistols: …31, 1956, London, England), guitarist Steve Jones (b. May 3, 1955, London), drummer Paul Cook (b. July 20, 1956, London), and bassist Glen Matlock (b. August 27, 1956, London). A later member was bassist Sid Vicious (byname of John Simon Ritchie; b. May 10, 1957, London—d. February 2, 1979, New…

T. Gwynn Jones was a Welsh-language poet and scholar best known for his narrative poems on traditional Celtic themes. After spending much of his earlier life as a journalist, Jones joined the National Library of Wales at Aberystwyth in 1909; in 1913 he went to the University of Wales as lecturer

T.A.D. Jones was an American collegiate gridiron football coach who led the Yale team through the 1910s and ’20s. Jones played football in Middletown, Ohio; at Phillips Exeter Academy (1903–04) in Exeter, N.H.; and at Yale University (1905–07). Jones—called “Tad”—became Yale’s starting quarterback

T.A.D. Jones was an American collegiate gridiron football coach who led the Yale team through the 1910s and ’20s. Jones played football in Middletown, Ohio; at Phillips Exeter Academy (1903–04) in Exeter, N.H.; and at Yale University (1905–07). Jones—called “Tad”—became Yale’s starting quarterback

12 Contemporary Black Authors You Must Read: Tayari Jones: Jones’s debut was Leaving Atlanta, a story set amid the Atlanta child murders of 1979–81, during which at least 29 African American children, teenagers, and young adults in the city were kidnapped and murdered.…

Monty Python’s Flying Circus: John Cleese, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin, and Terry Gilliam (the latter was the sole American in the otherwise British group of Oxford and Cambridge graduates). The five Englishmen played most of the roles, with Gilliam primarily contributing eccentric animations. Each of the creators went on to careers…

T.A.D. Jones was an American collegiate gridiron football coach who led the Yale team through the 1910s and ’20s. Jones played football in Middletown, Ohio; at Phillips Exeter Academy (1903–04) in Exeter, N.H.; and at Yale University (1905–07). Jones—called “Tad”—became Yale’s starting quarterback

T. Gwynn Jones was a Welsh-language poet and scholar best known for his narrative poems on traditional Celtic themes. After spending much of his earlier life as a journalist, Jones joined the National Library of Wales at Aberystwyth in 1909; in 1913 he went to the University of Wales as lecturer

Tom Jones is a Welsh-born singer with broad musical appeal who first came to fame as a sex symbol with a fantastic voice and raucous stage presence. He was known best for his songs “It’s Not Unusual,” “What’s New, Pussycat?,” “Green, Green Grass of Home,” and “Delilah” from the 1960s, but he

Tommy Lee Jones is an American actor best known for his dryly taciturn portrayals of law-enforcement officials, military men, and cowboys. Jones was the only surviving child born to an oil field labourer and his wife, who worked in law enforcement, education, and cosmetology. When his father

Vaughan Jones was a New Zealand mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his study of functional analysis and knot theory. Jones attended the University of Geneva’s school of mathematics (Ph.D., 1979) and became a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, U.S., in 1985.

Vaughan Jones was a New Zealand mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his study of functional analysis and knot theory. Jones attended the University of Geneva’s school of mathematics (Ph.D., 1979) and became a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, U.S., in 1985.

R. William Jones was an organizer of international basketball. Jones was born the son of a British father and an Italian mother and assumed British citizenship. After schooling at Rome, he went to Springfield (Mass.) College, where basketball had been invented in 1891. After graduation in 1928, he

Bill T. Jones is an American choreographer and dancer who, with Arnie Zane, created the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. Jones was the 10th of 12 children of migrant farmworkers. His parents moved from rural Florida when he was three years old, and he grew up in Wayland, New York, just south

Jones-Shafroth Act, U.S. legislation (March 2, 1917) that granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans. It also provided Puerto Rico with a bill of rights and restructured its government. The act takes its name from the two legislators who sponsored it, U.S. Representative William Jones of Virginia

Jonesboro, city, Craighead county, northeastern Arkansas, U.S. It lies on Crowley’s Ridge, bordering the Mississippi River valley, about 68 miles (109 km) northwest of Memphis, Tennessee. Founded as the county seat in 1859 and laid out by J.N. Burk on land donated by Fergus Snoddy, it was named for

Jonesborough, town, seat of Washington county, northeastern Tennessee, U.S. It lies just west of the northern portion of Cherokee National Forest, near Johnson City. Founded in 1779 as a planned community and named for Willie Jones, a North Carolina politician, it is the oldest town in Tennessee.

Jim Jones: …up an agricultural commune called Jonestown (1977). As ruler of the sect, Jones confiscated passports and millions of dollars and manipulated his followers with threats of blackmail, beatings, and probable death. He also staged bizarre rehearsals for a ritual mass suicide.

Jonestown, (November 18, 1978), location of the mass murder-suicide of members of the California-based Peoples Temple cult at the behest of their charismatic but paranoid leader, Jim Jones, in Jonestown agricultural commune, Guyana. The death toll exceeded 900, including some 300 who were age 17

Jonestown, (November 18, 1978), location of the mass murder-suicide of members of the California-based Peoples Temple cult at the behest of their charismatic but paranoid leader, Jim Jones, in Jonestown agricultural commune, Guyana. The death toll exceeded 900, including some 300 who were age 17

American literature: New fictional modes: …new women writers, such as Erica Jong, author of the sexy and funny Fear of Flying (1974), and Rita Mae Brown, who explored lesbian life in Rubyfruit Jungle (1973). Other significant works of fiction by women in the 1970s included Ann Beattie’s account of the post-1960s generation in Chilly Scenes…

children’s literature: Contemporary times: …one modern American master in Meindert De Jong, whose most sensitive work was drawn from recollections of his Dutch early childhood. A Hans Christian Andersen and Newbery winner, he is best savoured in The Wheel on the School (1954), and especially in the intuitive Journey from Peppermint Street (1968). The…

Joseph Jongen was a composer who is often considered second only to César Franck among Belgian composers. Jongen studied at the Liège Conservatory and later in Italy, France, and Germany. In 1903 he became professor of harmony and counterpoint at Liège. As a refugee in England during World War I he

Joseph Jongen was a composer who is often considered second only to César Franck among Belgian composers. Jongen studied at the Liège Conservatory and later in Italy, France, and Germany. In 1903 he became professor of harmony and counterpoint at Liège. As a refugee in England during World War I he

medal: The Netherlands: 1530–67) and Jacob Jonghelinck (1530–1606), who worked in Italy for Leoni, adopted the Italian style, somewhat more idealized than the German. The war with Spain (1568–1648) stimulated the production of propaganda medals, which became a popular vehicle of nationalist sentiment. The Netherlands’ tradition of silversmithing was also…

Johan Barthold Jongkind was a painter and printmaker whose small, informal landscapes continued the tradition of the Dutch landscapists while also stimulating the development of Impressionism. Jongkind first studied under local landscape painters at The Hague. In 1846 he moved to Paris and worked

Al-Sudd: …1970s construction began on the Jonglei (Junqalī) Canal, which was planned to bypass the Sudd and provide a straight, well-defined channel for the Al-Jabal River to flow northward until its junction with the White Nile. But the project, which would have drained the swamplands of the Sudd for agricultural use,…

Al-Sudd: …1970s construction began on the Jonglei (Junqalī) Canal, which was planned to bypass the Sudd and provide a straight, well-defined channel for the Al-Jabal River to flow northward until its junction with the White Nile. But the project, which would have drained the swamplands of the Sudd for agricultural use,…

jongleur, professional storyteller or public entertainer in medieval France, often indistinguishable from the trouvère. The role of the jongleur included that of musician, juggler, and acrobat, as well as reciter of such literary works as the fabliaux, chansons de geste, lays, and other metrical

Mary Garden: …major roles were those in Le Jongleur de Notre-Dame (Jules Massenet rewrote the tenor part for her); Massenet’s Thaïs, in which she made her American debut at the Manhattan Opera House in November 1907; Richard Strauss’s Salomé, in which she created a sensation; Henri Février’s Monna Vanna; and Italo Montemezzi’s…

Al-Sudd: …1970s construction began on the Jonglei (Junqalī) Canal, which was planned to bypass the Sudd and provide a straight, well-defined channel for the Al-Jabal River to flow northward until its junction with the White Nile. But the project, which would have drained the swamplands of the Sudd for agricultural use,…

Joni Mitchell: Later albums: …reviews as the live album Joni Mitchell at Newport, which won a Grammy for best folk album in 2024. Mitchell’s performance at that awards ceremony marked the first time in her career that she had appeared at the Grammys as a musical act. Introduced by singer Brandi Carlile as “the…

Jonker diamond, white diamond tinged with blue that weighed 726 carats in rough form. It was named for the prospector Jacobus Jonker after the stone was found in 1934 on a farm near Pretoria, S.Af. After a year of study, it was cleaved by the New York cutter Lazare Kaplan into 13 stones ranging in

Jan Baptista van der Noot was the first Dutch poet to fully realize the new French Renaissance poetic style in Holland. He also influenced the English and German poets of his time. Van der Noot went into political exile in 1567, and his first work was published in England—Het bosken (1570 or 1571;

Jönköping, län (county) of southern Sweden, in Götaland region. It extends southward from Lake Vätter through part of the traditional landskap (province) of Småland. Jönköping is the highest county of southern Sweden, with heights rising above 1,300 feet (400 metres). Its rough terrain is studded

Jönköping, city and capital of the län (county) of Jönköping, southern Sweden. It lies at the southern end of Lake Vätter and on the shores of Munk Lake and Rock Lake. In 1283 Franciscan monks built a monastery on this site, and the following year the town was chartered. Because of its strategic

sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), cereal grain plant of the grass family (Poaceae) and its edible starchy seeds. The plant likely originated in Africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food; grass sorghums, grown for hay and fodder; and

Ernst Krenek: …opera Jonny Spielt Auf! (1927; Johnny Strikes up the Band!), a work written in an idiom that mixed Expressionist dissonance with jazz influences and strove to reflect modern life in the 1920s. After a period in which he espoused the Romanticism of Franz Schubert, he began in the 1930s to…

Jonathan, who celebrated his 192nd birthday on December 4, 2024, is considered the oldest living land animal ever. A Seychelles giant tortoise, he is also the oldest living chelonian (turtles, tortoises, and terrapins) known to science. He lives and is cared for on the grounds of Plantation House,

Jonquière, former city, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region, southern Quebec province, Canada. In 2002 it merged with Chicoutimi and other former nearby municipalities to form the city of Saguenay and became a district in the new entity. Named for the Marquis de La Jonquière, who was governor of New

jonquil, (Narcissus jonquilla), bulbous herb of the amaryllis family, commonly grown as a garden flower. Jonquils are native to the Mediterranean region and are cultivated in similar climates around the world. The attractive flowers are fragrant and produce an oil used in perfumes. Taxonomy See

Phuket: island, southern Thailand. The island lies in the Andaman Sea, off the west coast of peninsular Thailand. Phuket city, located in the southeastern portion of the island, is a major port and commercial centre. Its harbour exports tin, rubber, charcoal, lumber, and fish products south…

Ben Jonson was an English Stuart dramatist, lyric poet, and literary critic. He is generally regarded as the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I. Among his major plays are the comedies Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone (1605),

Ben Jonson was an English Stuart dramatist, lyric poet, and literary critic. He is generally regarded as the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I. Among his major plays are the comedies Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone (1605),

Cornelius Johnson was a Baroque painter, considered the most important native English portraitist of the early 17th century. Johnson was the son of Dutch parents living in London. He was patronized by James I and Charles I but seems to have lost his popularity with the court when Van Dyck went to

Arngrímur Jónsson was a scholar and historian who brought the treasures of Icelandic literature to the attention of Danish and Swedish scholars. Jónsson studied at the University of Copenhagen and returned to Iceland to head the Latin school at Hólar, which had been established to educate the new