Icelandic literature: The 18th century: Finnur Jónsson, bishop of Skálholt, wrote Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ (1772–78), which covers the history of Christianity in Iceland. Jón Espólín published Íslands árbækur (1822–55; “Annals of Iceland”), a history of Iceland from 1262.

Hjálmar Jónsson was an Icelandic folk poet who was noted for his mastery of the rímur (shorter poetic narratives) and for his brilliant use of satire. Born out of wedlock to a servant girl and a farmhand, Jónsson had little formal education, but he soon became an avid reader of the sagas and Eddas.

John Erik Jonsson was an American corporate executive under whose management Texas Instruments Inc. became a leading electronics manufacturer. He also served as mayor of Dallas, Texas, from 1964 to 1971. A graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, N.Y.), Jonsson worked in the 1920s for

saga: Kings’ sagas: …part was written by Abbot Karl Jónsson under the supervision of the king himself, but it was completed (probably by the abbot) in Iceland after Sverrir’s death. Sturla Þórðarson wrote two royal biographies: Hákonar saga on King Haakon Haakonsson (c. 1204–63) and Magnús saga on his son and successor, Magnus…

Young Turks, coalition of various reform groups that led a revolutionary movement against the authoritarian regime of Ottoman sultan Abdülhamid II, which culminated in the establishment of a constitutional government. After their rise to power, the Young Turks introduced programs that promoted the

Spike Jonze is an American director and producer known for his visually arresting and innovative music videos and films. Jonze grew up in Maryland. He moved to Los Angeles in 1987 after graduating from high school. An ardent BMX biker, he soon became an assistant editor and later photographer for

Chu Ki-Chol was a Korean Presbyterian minister who suffered martyrdom because of his opposition to Japanese demands that Christians pay reverence at Shintō shrines. The demand was one of many requirements imposed by Japan during its occupation of Korea (1905–45) to instill obedience and supplant

Joods Historisch Museum (JHM), museum in Amsterdam that displays artifacts, artwork, and other items associated with Jewish history, religion, and culture. The objects on view at the Joods Historisch Museum demonstrate the Jewish spiritual, cultural, and historical experience in the Netherlands and

Joos van Cleve was a Netherlandish painter known for his portraits of royalty and his religious paintings. He is now often identified with the “Master of the Death of the Virgin.” In 1511 Joos van Cleve entered the Antwerp guild as a master painter, and in 1520 he was appointed dean of the guild.

Kurt Jooss was a German dancer, teacher, and choreographer whose dance dramas combined Expressionistic modern-dance movements with fundamental ballet technique. Initially a music student, Jooss trained in dance from 1920 to 1924 with Rudolf Laban and then worked as choreographer for the avant-garde

Joost, former website, launched in 2007, that provided advertiser-supported streaming videos over the Internet of television shows and films, using Adobe Systems Incorporated’s Flash video player. Access to Joost was generally limited to viewers in the United States because of international

Joplin, city, Jasper and Newton counties, in the Ozark region of southwestern Missouri, U.S. It lies adjacent to Webb City, near the Kansas and Oklahoma borders. It was settled about 1840 by Tennessean John Cox, who named it for his friend Harris Joplin, a Methodist missionary who was also an early

Janis Joplin was an American singer, the premier white female blues vocalist of the 1960s, who dazzled listeners with her fierce and uninhibited musical style. After an unhappy childhood in a middle-class family in southeastern Texas, Joplin attended Lamar State College of Technology and the

Scott Joplin was an American composer and pianist who became known as the “king of ragtime” at the turn of the 20th century. After his death, his contributions to American music were recognized with a Pulitzer Prize. Joplin spent his childhood in northeastern Texas, though the exact date and place

alap: …to a section known as jor, which uses a rhythmic pulse though no tala (metric cycle). The performer of the alap gradually introduces the essential notes and melodic turns of the raga to be performed. Only when the soloist is satisfied that he has set forth the full range of…

Jehoram, one of two contemporary Old Testament kings. Jehoram, the son of Ahab and Jezebel and king (c. 849–c. 842 bc) of Israel, maintained close relations with Judah. Together with Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, Jehoram unsuccessfully attempted to subdue a revolt of Moab against Israel. As had his

Jörd, in Norse mythology, a giantess, mother of the deity Thor and mistress of the god Odin. In the late pre-Christian era she was believed to have had a husband of the same name, perhaps indicating her transformation into a masculine personality. Her name is connected with that of the Lithuanian

Israël Querido: …style in, for example, De Jordaan (1914), a long epic in four parts. Socialist elements are evident in his treatment of the human condition in such novels as Menschenwee (1903; Toil of Men), a detailed description of the miseries he witnessed among the people of Beverwijk, where he was then…

Jacob Jordaens was a Baroque artist whose boisterous scenes of peasant life and sensuous allegories made him one of the most important painters of 17th-century Flanders. Jordaens studied, like Peter Paul Rubens, under the painter Adam van Noort, and he married his master’s daughter in 1616, the

Jordan, Arab country of Southwest Asia, in the rocky desert of the northern Arabian Peninsula. Jordan is a young state that occupies an ancient land, one that bears the traces of many civilizations. Separated from ancient Palestine by the Jordan River, the region played a prominent role in biblical

Pascual Jordan: …in the development of (nonassociative) Jordan algebras in mathematics. In his later research, Jordan also worked on the application of quantum theory to biological problems, and he originated (concurrently with the American physicist Robert Dicke) a theory of cosmology that proposed to make the universal constants of nature variable and…

Jordan curve theorem, in topology, a theorem, first proposed in 1887 by French mathematician Camille Jordan, that any simple closed curve—that is, a continuous closed curve that does not cross itself (now known as a Jordan curve)—divides the plane into exactly two regions, one inside the curve and

measure: …this number is called its Jordan measure, and the set is said to be Jordan measurable.

papermaking: Preparation of stock: …original continuous refiner is the Jordan, named after its 19th-century inventor. Like the beater, the Jordan has blades or bars, mounted on a rotating element, that work in conjunction with stationary blades to treat the fibres. The axially oriented blades are mounted on a conically shaped rotor that is surrounded…

Jordan River, river of southwestern Asia, in the Middle East region. It lies in a structural depression and has the lowest elevation of any river in the world. The river rises on the slopes of Mount Hermon, on the border between Syria and Lebanon, and flows southward through northern Israel to the

Jordan Valley, rift valley in the Middle East in southwestern Asia, located along the Jordan River and along Jordan’s western border with Israel and the West Bank. The depression drops more than 1,400 feet (430 meters) below sea level at the Dead Sea, the lowest natural point on Earth’s surface. A

Jordan Valley, rift valley in the Middle East in southwestern Asia, located along the Jordan River and along Jordan’s western border with Israel and the West Bank. The depression drops more than 1,400 feet (430 meters) below sea level at the Dead Sea, the lowest natural point on Earth’s surface. A

Jordan curve theorem, in topology, a theorem, first proposed in 1887 by French mathematician Camille Jordan, that any simple closed curve—that is, a continuous closed curve that does not cross itself (now known as a Jordan curve)—divides the plane into exactly two regions, one inside the curve and

A.C. Jordan was a Xhosa novelist and educator who belonged to the second generation of South African black writers (of which Es’kia Mphahlele and Peter Abrahams are the best known). Jordan served as lecturer in Bantu languages and African studies at the University of Cape Town until 1961, when he

keyboard instrument: Great Britain: In 1712 the builder Abraham Jordan first fitted the echo box with shutters that were controlled by a pedal at the console; this arrangement produced what Jordan described as the swelling organ, but it was not to reach its full development until 150 years later; no 18th-century organ music…

Spring Green: …designed in the 1940s by Alex Jordan, 450 feet (140 metres) above the Wyoming Valley on a 60-foot (20-metre) chimneylike rock. Appended to the house is a narrow room stretching more than 200 feet (60 metres) over the valley below. The site includes a wildly eclectic series of exhibitions of…

A.C. Jordan was a Xhosa novelist and educator who belonged to the second generation of South African black writers (of which Es’kia Mphahlele and Peter Abrahams are the best known). Jordan served as lecturer in Bantu languages and African studies at the University of Cape Town until 1961, when he

Orchestre de la Suisse Romande: Sawallisch (1970–80), Horst Stein (1980–85), Armin Jordan (1985–97), Fabio Luisi (1997–2002), Pinchas Steinberg (2002–05), Marek Janowski (2005–12), and Neeme Järvi (2012–15). Jonathan Nott came to the podium as music and artistic director in 2017.

Barbara Jordan was an American lawyer, educator, and politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1973–79), representing Texas. She was the first African American congresswoman to come from the South. Jordan was the youngest of three daughters in a close-knit family. As a high school

Barbara Jordan was an American lawyer, educator, and politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1973–79), representing Texas. She was the first African American congresswoman to come from the South. Jordan was the youngest of three daughters in a close-knit family. As a high school

Camille Jordan was a French mathematician whose work on substitution groups (permutation groups) and the theory of equations first brought full understanding of the importance of the theories of the eminent mathematician Évariste Galois, who had died in 1832. Jordan’s early research was in

David Starr Jordan was a naturalist, educator, eugenicist, and the foremost American ichthyologist of his time. Jordan studied biology at Cornell University (M.S., 1872) and became professor of biology at Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, before being appointed professor of natural history

Dorothea Jordan was an actress especially famed for her high-spirited comedy and tomboy roles. Jordan’s mother, Grace Phillips, who was also known as Mrs. Frances, was a Dublin actress. Her father, a man named Bland, was probably a stagehand. She made her stage debut in 1777 in Dublin as Phoebe in

Dorothea Jordan was an actress especially famed for her high-spirited comedy and tomboy roles. Jordan’s mother, Grace Phillips, who was also known as Mrs. Frances, was a Dublin actress. Her father, a man named Bland, was probably a stagehand. She made her stage debut in 1777 in Dublin as Phoebe in

Pascual Jordan was a German theoretical physicist who was one of the founders of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Jordan received a doctorate (1924) from the University of Göttingen, working with German physicists Max Born and James Franck on the problems of quantum theory. In 1925

horizontally striped black-white-green national flag with a red hoist triangle bearing a white star. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 1 to 2.Prior to World War I, young Arabs in Istanbul created a flag to symbolize their aspirations within the Turkish-dominated Ottoman Empire. They recalled

Jordan: History of Jordan: Jordan occupies an area rich in archaeological remains and religious traditions. The Jordanian desert was home to hunters from the Lower Paleolithic Period; their flint tools have been found widely distributed throughout the region. In the southeastern part of the country, at Mount…

West Des Moines: James Cunningham Jordan, the town’s first settler, operated a station on the Underground Railroad assisting fugitive slaves; his Victorian-style house (c. 1850) is preserved and is open for tours. The city was renamed in 1938, after which its economy began to diversify.

Jim Jordan is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio, who is widely seen as one of the legislative body’s most conservative members. Jordan was first elected to Congress in 2006 and was instrumental in the founding of the House Freedom Caucus in 2015, becoming the first

Jeane Kirkpatrick was an American political scientist and diplomat, who was a foreign policy adviser under U.S. Pres. Ronald Reagan and the first American woman to serve as ambassador to the United Nations (1981–85). Kirkpatrick took an associate’s degree from Stephens College, Columbia, Missouri

Jim Jordan is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio, who is widely seen as one of the legislative body’s most conservative members. Jordan was first elected to Congress in 2006 and was instrumental in the founding of the House Freedom Caucus in 2015, becoming the first

Jim Jordan and Marian Jordan were a husband and wife comedy team who co-starred on the classic radio program Fibber McGee and Molly, which aired from 1935 to 1957. Jordan was raised on a farm and Marian Driscoll was a coal miner’s daughter who wanted to be a music teacher. Childhood sweethearts,

June Jordan was an African American author who investigated both social and personal concerns through poetry, essays, and drama. Jordan grew up in the New York City borough of Brooklyn and attended Barnard College (1953–55, 1956–57) and the University of Chicago (1955–56). Beginning in 1967, she

Louis Jordan was an American saxophonist-singer prominent in the 1940s and ’50s who was a seminal figure in the development of both rhythm and blues and rock and roll. The bouncing, rhythmic vitality of his music, coupled with clever lyrics and an engaging stage presence, enabled Jordan to become

Louis Jordan was an American saxophonist-singer prominent in the 1940s and ’50s who was a seminal figure in the development of both rhythm and blues and rock and roll. The bouncing, rhythmic vitality of his music, coupled with clever lyrics and an engaging stage presence, enabled Jordan to become

Camille Jordan was a French mathematician whose work on substitution groups (permutation groups) and the theory of equations first brought full understanding of the importance of the theories of the eminent mathematician Évariste Galois, who had died in 1832. Jordan’s early research was in

Marsalis family: …Nicholas Payton, and Kent and Marlon Jordan, as well as his own six sons, four of whom became celebrated musicians. The success of his sons resulted in Ellis’s attaining stardom in the 1980s, and he recorded steadily thereafter.

Michael Jordan is a former collegiate and professional basketball player widely considered to be one of the greatest all-around players in the history of the game. Jordan’s unmatched athleticism and competitive drive revolutionized the sport while winning six NBA championships with the Chicago

Michael B. Jordan is an American actor who parlayed a successful career on television into a series of high-profile movie roles and is known for his finely tuned and compelling characterizations. Jordan’s family moved from California to Newark, New Jersey, when he was a toddler. He began working as

Michael B. Jordan is an American actor who parlayed a successful career on television into a series of high-profile movie roles and is known for his finely tuned and compelling characterizations. Jordan’s family moved from California to Newark, New Jersey, when he was a toddler. He began working as

Michael Jordan is a former collegiate and professional basketball player widely considered to be one of the greatest all-around players in the history of the game. Jordan’s unmatched athleticism and competitive drive revolutionized the sport while winning six NBA championships with the Chicago

Neil Jordan is an Irish film director, screenwriter, and novelist whose atmospheric work often involves violence and explores issues of love and betrayal. He won an Academy Award for best original screenplay for the film The Crying Game (1992), for which he was also nominated for best director.

Pascual Jordan was a German theoretical physicist who was one of the founders of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Jordan received a doctorate (1924) from the University of Göttingen, working with German physicists Max Born and James Franck on the problems of quantum theory. In 1925

the Rolling Stones: Lineup changes, disbanding, and reunion: …launched an American tour with Steve Jordan on drums.

Thomas Jordan was an English poet, playwright, and prolific Royalist pamphleteer who was laureate to the city of London. Jordan began as an actor at the Red Bull Theatre in Clerkenwell, London. In 1637 he published his first volume of poems, entitled Poeticall Varieties, and in the same year

Amman: The University of Jordan (1962) and several museums and libraries, including the National Library, are located at Amman. Sites of interest include the remains of the ancient citadel, the adjoining archaeological museum, and a large, finely preserved Roman amphitheatre, which once seated 6,000. Pop. (2004 est.)…

Vernon Jordan was an American attorney, civil rights leader, business consultant, and influential power broker. Although he never held political office, Jordan served as a key adviser in the 1990s to U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton, having befriended him and his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, decades

Vernon Jordan was an American attorney, civil rights leader, business consultant, and influential power broker. Although he never held political office, Jordan served as a key adviser in the 1990s to U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton, having befriended him and his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, decades

Jordanes was a historian notable for his valuable work on the Germanic tribes. Jordanes was a Goth who, although not a scholar, devoted himself to writing history in Latin. His first major work, De origine actibusque Getarum (“On the Origin and Deeds of the Getae”), now commonly referred to as the

Adam Levine: …Red Pill Blues (2017), and Jordi (2021)—and singles (notably 2010’s “Moves like Jagger,” featuring Christina Aguilera). In addition, the band headlined the Super Bowl halftime show in 2019; their appearance generated some backlash, as other singers had reportedly rejected offers to perform at the event in a show of support…

Ivar Lo-Johansson: …Sharecroppers”), and in his novel Jordproletärerna (1941; “Proletarians of the Earth”). These works are based on his own recollections but are at the same time an indictment of existing social conditions. In their combination of political tract and novel, and their use of the collective as a central focus, the…

Dominican Republic: Bosch, Balaguer, and their successors: …succeeded by another PRD candidate, Salvador Jorge Blanco, who served as president in 1982–86. Thus, the country completed eight years of truly democratic government, the longest in its history to that point. But Jorge Blanco was faced with falling sugar prices on world markets, widespread corruption in the government bureaucracy,…

Jorge de Montemayor was a Portuguese-born author of romances and poetry who wrote the first Spanish pastoral novel. Montemayor probably came to Spain in 1543 with Philip II’s first wife, Mary, as a musician. He later entered the household of Joan, daughter-in-law of John III of Portugal, and he

Christine Jorgensen was an American who garnered international headlines in the early 1950s as the first person in the United States to undergo a successful gender-reassignment operation. From an early age, Jorgensen was tormented by feelings of being a woman trapped inside a man’s body. Jorgensen

Christine Jorgensen was an American who garnered international headlines in the early 1950s as the first person in the United States to undergo a successful gender-reassignment operation. From an early age, Jorgensen was tormented by feelings of being a woman trapped inside a man’s body. Jorgensen

Johannes Jørgensen was a writer known in Denmark mainly for his poetry (Digte 1894–98, 1898, and Udvalte Digte, 1944) but best known in other countries for his biographies of St. Francis of Assisi (1907) and St. Catherine of Siena (1915). As a student at the University of Copenhagen, Jørgensen

Johannes Jørgensen was a writer known in Denmark mainly for his poetry (Digte 1894–98, 1898, and Udvalte Digte, 1944) but best known in other countries for his biographies of St. Francis of Assisi (1907) and St. Catherine of Siena (1915). As a student at the University of Copenhagen, Jørgensen

Iceland: Growth of Danish royal power (c. 1550–c. 1830): In 1809 Danish adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen seized power in Iceland for two months. When he was removed and Danish power restored, he received no support from the Icelandic population. Five years later, when Norway was severed from the Danish monarchy and given much greater autonomy under the Swedish crown,…

coordination compound: History of coordination compounds: …developed by the Danish chemist Sophus Mads Jørgensen. Jørgensen’s extensive preparations of numerous complexes provided the experimental foundation not only for the Blomstrand-Jørgensen chain theory but for Alsatian-born Swiss chemist Alfred Werner’s coordination theory (1893) as well.

Jorhat, town, northeastern Assam state, northeastern India. It lies along a tributary of the Brahmaputra River, about 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Sibsagar. Jorhat is a road and rail junction and is the commercial centre of a productive agricultural area. The town is noted for jewelry manufacture

Miura Baien: He formulated the jōrigaku (“rationalist studies”) doctrine, which was a precursor to modern scientific and philosophical thought in Japan.

David Joris was a religious reformer, a controversial and eccentric member of the Anabaptist movement. He founded the Davidists, or Jorists, who viewed Joris as a prophet and whose internal dissension led—three years after his death—to the sensational cremation of his body after his posthumous

David Joris: He founded the Davidists, or Jorists, who viewed Joris as a prophet and whose internal dissension led—three years after his death—to the sensational cremation of his body after his posthumous conviction as a heretic.

Jörmungandr, in Germanic mythology, an evil serpent and the chief enemy of Thor. The monstrous serpent was the child of the trickster god Loki and the female giant Angerboda (Angrboda: “Distress Bringer”). During Ragnarök, the final battle between the Norse gods and the forces of chaos, Thor will

Ermanaric was the king of the Ostrogoths, the ruler of a vast empire in Ukraine. Although the exact limits of his territory are obscure, it evidently stretched south of the Pripet Marshes between the Don and Dniester rivers. The only certain facts about Ermanaric are that his great deeds caused him

Gustav Frenssen: …success of his third novel, Jörn Uhl (1901), led him to resign his pastorate and devote all his time to writing. Although Frenssen at times made liberal concessions to the popular taste of the moment, he owed his success, in large part, to the vitality of his characters and the…

Asger Jorn was a Danish painter whose style, influenced by the Expressionist painters James Ensor of Belgium and Paul Klee of Switzerland, creates an emotional impact through the use of strong colours and distorted forms. In 1936 Jorn worked with the French painter Fernand Léger, and in 1937 with

Alonso de Castillo Solorzano: Examples are: Jornadas alegres (1626; “Gay Trips”) and Noches de placer (1631; “Nights of Pleasure”). His picaresque novels make much of the female pícara (“rogue”) as protagonist or adjutant.

O Jornal do Brasil, daily newspaper published in Rio de Janeiro, regarded as one of the eminent newspapers of South America. It was founded in 1891 by four men, one of whom was Joaquim Nabuco, abolitionist leader and later ambassador to Washington, D.C. Established as an independent paper, the

joro spider, (Trichonephila clavata), large and visually striking orb weaver spider. Native to Asia, including China, India, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, joro spiders were introduced to the southeastern United States in the 2010s and are considered an invasive species. The nonaggressive,

joro spider, (Trichonephila clavata), large and visually striking orb weaver spider. Native to Asia, including China, India, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, joro spiders were introduced to the southeastern United States in the 2010s and are considered an invasive species. The nonaggressive,

joro spider, (Trichonephila clavata), large and visually striking orb weaver spider. Native to Asia, including China, India, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, joro spiders were introduced to the southeastern United States in the 2010s and are considered an invasive species. The nonaggressive,

Latin American dance: Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela: called the bambuco and joropo. The bambuco combines features of the fandango, Andean, and Afro-Latin dances as partners use a handkerchief to flirt and to embellish the courtship theme of the dance. The joropo is distinctive beyond the separation of the couple, with the man dancing the zapateado, for…

Jorrocks’s Jaunts and Jollities, series of picaresque comic tales by Robert Smith Surtees, originally published as individual stories in his New Sporting Magazine between 1831 and 1834 and collected in book form in 1838. The ebullient Jorrocks is a vulgar Cockney grocer, a city man who loves the

Jorrocks’s Jaunts and Jollities, series of picaresque comic tales by Robert Smith Surtees, originally published as individual stories in his New Sporting Magazine between 1831 and 1834 and collected in book form in 1838. The ebullient Jorrocks is a vulgar Cockney grocer, a city man who loves the

Robert Smith Surtees: …chase and the creator of Mr. Jorrocks, one of the great comic characters of English literature, a Cockney grocer who is as blunt as John Bull and entirely given over to fox hunting.

jōruri, in Japanese literature and music, a type of chanted recitative that came to be used as a script in bunraku puppet drama. Its name derives from the Jōrurihime monogatari, a 15th-century romantic tale, the leading character of which is Lady Jōruri. At first it was chanted to the accompaniment

Japan: Commerce, cities, and culture: …of the 17th century, the Jōrurihime monogatari (a type of romantic ballad), which drew on the traditions of the medieval narrative story, was for the first time arranged as a form of dramatic literature accompanied by puppetry and the samisen (a lutelike musical instrument). It continued to develop until the…

The Miracle Worker: Cast:

Jos, town, capital of Plateau state, on the Jos Plateau (elevation 4,250 feet [1,295 metres]) of central Nigeria. It lies on the Delimi River and near the source of the Jamaari River (called the Bunga farther downstream). Formerly the site of Geash, a village of the Birom people, the town developed

museum: New museums and collections: The Jos Museum, one of the earliest of these, also administers a museum of traditional buildings, while others developed workshops where traditional crafts could be demonstrated. Crafts are also a feature of the National Museum in Niamey, Niger, and products of these workshops are exported to…

Jos Plateau, tableland in Plateau State, central Nigeria, distinguished by its high bounding scarp and by bare grassland and embracing Africa’s chief tin-mining region. Its central area covers about 3,000 square miles (8,000 square km) and has an average elevation of 4,200 feet (1,280 meters); the

Jos: The University of Jos, which includes a teaching hospital, opened in 1975, and the Federal School of Medical Laboratory Technology is located in the town. Jos is served by public, private, and religiously sponsored general and specialized hospitals. It lies on the rail spur that joins…

Campbell Soup Company, American manufacturer, incorporated in 1922 but dating to a canning firm first established in 1869, that is the world’s largest producer of soup. It is also a major producer of canned pasta products; snack foods, such as cookies and crackers; fruit and tomato juices; canned

Keizan Jōkin was a priest of the Sōtō sect of Zen Buddhism, who founded the Sōji Temple (now in Yokohama), one of the two head temples of the sect. At the age of 12 Keizan entered the priesthood under Koun Ejō, the second head priest of the Eihei Temple (in modern Fukui prefecture), the