judo: The usual costume, known as jūdōgi, is a loose jacket and trousers of strong white cloth. White belts are worn by novices and black by masters, with intermediate grades denoted by other colours. Jūdōka (students of judo) perform the sport with bare feet.

Yvonne Rainer: …of the organizers of the Judson Dance Theater, a focal point for vanguard activity in the dance world throughout the 1960s, and she formed her own company for a brief time after the Judson performances ended. Rainer was noted for an approach to dance that treated the body more as…

Adoniram Judson was an American linguist and Baptist missionary in Myanmar (Burma), who translated the Bible into Burmese and wrote a now standard Burmese dictionary. At Andover Theological Seminary, Massachusetts, Judson acquired a zeal for evangelism. In 1810 six seminary students, with a

CBS Corporation: Origins: …in 1927 when talent agent Arthur Judson, unable to obtain work for any of his clients on the radio programs carried by the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), established his own network, United Independent Broadcasters. Judson’s network subsequently merged with the Columbia Phonograph and Records Co. and changed its name to…

E.Z.C. Judson was an American adventurer and writer, an originator of the so-called dime novels that were popular during the late 19th century. Judson’s earlier stories were based on the exploits of his own picaresque career, which began as a cabin boy in the U.S. Navy. He rose to the rating of

E.Z.C. Judson was an American adventurer and writer, an originator of the so-called dime novels that were popular during the late 19th century. Judson’s earlier stories were based on the exploits of his own picaresque career, which began as a cabin boy in the U.S. Navy. He rose to the rating of

zipper: …slide fastener was exhibited by Whitcomb L. Judson at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. Judson’s fastener, called a clasp locker, was an arrangement of hooks and eyes with a slide clasp for closing and opening. Gideon Sundback, a Swedish engineer working in the United States, substituted spring…

Judy, puppet character, brutalized wife of the hunchbacked

Bella Ramsey: The Worst Witch and first film roles: …including Two for Joy (2018), Judy (2019), and Resistance (2020).

Judy Garland: …two-record recording of this concert, Judy at Carnegie Hall (1961), revealed her intense connection to her audiences and proved to be her biggest-selling album. It won five Grammy Awards—including album of the year and best female vocal performance—and spent about a year and a half on the charts, staying at…

Judy Garland: …a weekly hour-long variety series, The Judy Garland Show, for 26 episodes during the 1963–64 season. Although she had been signed for a record amount of money, and the show revealed a concert artist at her peak, it was canceled after half a year.

Judy Sheindlin: Later that year Judy Justice, a new courtroom series starring Sheindlin, began streaming on IMDb TV.

Modest Mouse: ), Eric Judy (b. 1974), and Jeremiah Green (b. March 4, 1977—d. December 31, 2022).

jue, type of ancient Chinese pitcherlike container used for wine and characterized by an elegant and dynamic shape. The jue can either be a type of pottery or it can be bronze. It is much like the jia except for the rim, which is drawn into a large, projecting, U-shaped spout (with capped pillars

Isabel Allende: …El juego de Ripper (2014; Ripper), Allende tells the story of a teenage girl tracking a serial killer. Her later novels include El amante japonés (2015; The Japanese Lover), which traces a decades-long love affair between a Polish immigrant and a Japanese American man, and Más allá del invierno (2017;…

Juan Goytisolo: …novel, Juegos de manos (1954; The Young Assassins), concerns a group of students who are intent on murdering a politician and who kill the student they have chosen as the assassin. Duelo en el paraíso (1955; Children of Chaos), set just after the Spanish Civil War, is about the violence…

Pan American Sports Games, quadrennial sports event for countries of the Western Hemisphere, patterned after the Olympic Games and sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee. The games are conducted by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO), or Organización Deportiva Panamericana

Pan American Sports Games, quadrennial sports event for countries of the Western Hemisphere, patterned after the Olympic Games and sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee. The games are conducted by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO), or Organización Deportiva Panamericana

jueju, a Chinese verse form that was popular during the Tang dynasty (618–907). An outgrowth of the lüshi, it is a four-line poem, each line of which consists of five or seven words. It omits either the first four lines, the last four lines, the first two and the last two lines, or the middle four

Niels Juel was a naval officer who guided the development of the Danish Navy in the late 17th century and led the Danish fleet to important victories over Sweden in the Scanian War (1675–79). Juel learned naval warfare under the Dutch admirals Maarten Tromp and Michiel de Ruyter during the

Cai Yuanpei was an educator and revolutionary who served as head of Peking University in Beijing from 1916 to 1926 during the critical period when that institution played a major role in the development of a new spirit of nationalism and social reform in China. Cai passed the highest level of his

Spain: Granada: …“judge of the frontier” (juez de la frontera y de los fieles del rastro); the judge was a Muslim official who heard Christian complaints against the Granadans. This procedure did much to reduce frontier incidents between Muslims and Christians.

rug and carpet: Materials and technique: The Persian, or asymmetrical, knot is used principally in Iran, India, China, and Egypt. This knot was formerly known as the Senneh (Sehna) knot. The Spanish knot, used mainly in Spain, differs from the other two types in looping around only one warp yarn. After the…

Lyubov Sergeyevna Popova: …of “plastic paintings,” such as Jug on Table (1915), in which there is a synthesis of painting and relief work using plaster and tin. In 1916 she joined the Supremus Group founded by Kazimir Malevich. Inspired by Malevich’s ideas about abstraction and Suprematism (an art form he invented), Popova developed…

greenhood: The jug orchid (Pterostylis recurva) is named for its shape. The hooded orchid (P. banksii) is native to New Zealand, and the closely related king greenhood (P. baptistii) is from neighbouring Australia.

zarzuela: …Spanish zarzuela in three acts, Jugar con fuego (1851; “Playing with Fire”), written by Sociedad Artística del Teatro-Circo member Francisco Asenjo Barbieri. It recounts the tale of a young widowed duchess who defies her father and the court in order to marry the man she loves. The new three-act format…

ancient Rome: Diocletian of ancient Rome: …now reformed it through the jugatio-capitatio system: henceforth, the land tax, paid in kind by all landowners, would be calculated by the assessment of fiscal units based on extent and quality of land, type of crops grown, number of settlers and cattle, and amount of equipment. The fiscal valuation of…

juge d’instruction, in France, magistrate responsible for conducting the investigative hearing that precedes a criminal trial. In this hearing the major evidence is gathered and presented, and witnesses are heard and depositions taken. If the juge d’instruction is not convinced that there is

France: Later Capetians: The chief judge (juge-mage) assumed the seneschal’s judicial functions in the south; receivers of revenues, first appearing in Languedoc, were instituted in the bailiwicks at the end of the 13th century. Commissions of investigation continued to traverse the provinces under the later Capetians, but all too often they…

Jugendstil, artistic style that arose in Germany about the mid-1890s and continued through the first decade of the 20th century, deriving its name from the Munich magazine Die Jugend (“Youth”), which featured Art Nouveau designs. Two phases can be discerned in Jugendstil: an early one, before 1900,

Jagannatha: The English word juggernaut, with its connotation of a force crushing whatever is in its path, is derived from this festival.

juggler, (from Latin joculare, “to jest”), entertainer who specializes in balancing and in feats of dexterity in tossing and catching items such as balls, plates, and knives. Its French linguistic equivalent, jongleur, signifies much more than just juggling, though some of the jongleurs may have

Leonora Carrington: …in 2005 when her painting Juggler (1954) sold at auction for $713,000, which was believed to be the highest price paid for a work by a living Surrealist artist. Throughout the second half of the 20th century and into the 21st, she was the subject of many exhibitions in Mexico…

Mary Garden: …major roles were those in Le Jongleur de Notre-Dame (Jules Massenet rewrote the tenor part for her); Massenet’s Thaïs, in which she made her American debut at the Manhattan Opera House in November 1907; Richard Strauss’s Salomé, in which she created a sensation; Henri Février’s Monna Vanna; and Italo Montemezzi’s…

Fagales: Juglandaceae: The large and economically important Juglandaceae, or the walnut and hickory family, contains 7–10 genera and 50 species, which are distributed mainly in the north temperate zone but extend through Central America along the Andes Mountains to Argentina and, in scattered stands, from temperate…

walnut, (genus Juglans), genus of about 20 species of deciduous trees of the family Juglandaceae, native to North and South America, southern Europe, Asia, and the West Indies. Walnut trees have long compound leaves with 5 to 23 short-stalked leaflets. The male and female reproductive organs are

butternut, (Juglans cinerea), deciduous nut-producing tree of the walnut family (Juglandaceae), native to eastern North America. The tree is economically important locally for its edible nuts and for a yellow or orange dye obtained from the fruit husks. Some substances in the inner bark of the

black walnut, (Juglans nigra), tall tree of the walnut family (Juglandaceae), native to eastern North America and valued for its decorative wood. The dark fine-grained wood of black walnuts is used for furniture, paneling, and gunstocks. The trees are also planted as ornamentals and are cultivated

English walnut, (Juglans regia), valuable nut and timber tree of the family Juglandaceae, native to Iran. The English walnut is cultivated extensively for its fine-quality edible seeds, sold commercially as walnuts. The dark fine-grained wood, similar to that of black walnut (Juglans nigra), is

business cycle: The Juglar cycle: The first authority to explore economic cycles as periodically recurring phenomena was the French physician and statistician Clément Juglar, who in 1860 identified cycles based on a periodicity of roughly 8 to 11 years. Scholars who developed Juglar’s approach further distinguished three phases,…

Clément Juglar was a French physician and economist who made detailed studies of cycles in business and trade. Juglar qualified as a doctor in 1846. His medical training gave him an interest in population and demography, but it appears to have been the economic disturbances of 1848 that attracted

Mauritius: Leadership by Navin Ramgoolam, Anerood and Pravind Jugnauth, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, and Prithvirajsing Roopun: …the premiership to his son, Pravind Jugnauth. Although the younger Jugnauth was the leader of the MSM, the largest party in the Lepep coalition, and was therefore next in line for the position, the maneuver prompted criticism from the opposition. The elder Jugnauth remained active in government, stepping into the…

Yugoslavia, former federated country that was situated in the west-central part of the Balkan Peninsula. This article briefly examines the history of Yugoslavia from 1929 until 2003, when it became the federated union of Serbia and Montenegro (which further separated into its component parts in

Yugoslavia, former federated country that was situated in the west-central part of the Balkan Peninsula. This article briefly examines the history of Yugoslavia from 1929 until 2003, when it became the federated union of Serbia and Montenegro (which further separated into its component parts in

Yugoslavia, former federated country that was situated in the west-central part of the Balkan Peninsula. This article briefly examines the history of Yugoslavia from 1929 until 2003, when it became the federated union of Serbia and Montenegro (which further separated into its component parts in

geophone, trade name for an acoustic detector that responds to ground vibrations generated by seismic waves. Geophones—also called jugs, pickups, and tortugas—are placed on the ground surface in various patterns, or arrays, to record the vibrations generated by explosives in seismic reflection and

human skeleton: Interior of the cranium: Through other openings, the jugular foramina, pass the large blood channels called the sigmoid sinuses and also the 9th (glossopharyngeal), 10th (vagus), and 11th (spinal accessory) cranial nerves as they leave the cranial cavity.

jugular vein, any of several veins of the neck that drain blood from the brain, face, and neck, returning it to the heart via the superior vena cava. The main vessels are the external jugular vein and the interior jugular vein. The external jugular vein receives blood from the neck, the outside of

Diocletian: Domestic reforms of Diocletian: …new taxes were instituted, the jugum and the capitatio, the former being the tax on a unit of cultivable land, the latter, a tax on individuals. Taxes were levied on a proportional basis, the amount of the contribution being determined by the productivity and type of cultivation. As a rule,…

Lepidoptera: Thorax: In primitive moths a fingerlike lobe on the forewing overlaps the base of the hind wing. In most moths a strong bristle or cluster of bristles (frenulum) near the base of the hind wing engages a catch (retinaculum) on the forewing. In some moths and in the skippers and butterflies,…

comfort women, a euphemism for women who provided sexual services to Japanese Imperial Army troops during Japan’s militaristic period that ended with World War II and who generally lived under conditions of sexual slavery. Estimates of the number of women involved typically range up to 200,000, but

Jugurtha was the king of Numidia from 118 to 105, who struggled to free his North African kingdom from Roman rule. Jugurtha was the illegitimate grandson of Masinissa (d. 148), under whom Numidia had become a Roman ally, and the nephew of Masinissa’s successor, Micipsa. Jugurtha became so popular

Sallust: …monograph, Bellum Jugurthinum (41–40 bc; The Jugurthine War), he explored in greater detail the origins of party struggles that arose in Rome when war broke out against Jugurtha, the king of Numidia, who rebelled against Rome at the close of the 2nd century bc. This war provided the opportunity for…

Juhani Aho: His soundest romantic work, Juha (1911), is the story of the unhappy marriage of a cripple in the Karelian forests. Aho’s short stories, Lastuja, 8 series (1891–1921; “Chips”), have been most enduring; they are concerned with peasant life, fishing, and the wildlife of the lakelands. In these, as in…

Islamic arts: Popular literature: …type of low-class theologian, called Nasreddin Hoca in Turkish, Juḥā in Arabic, and Mushfiqī in Tajik. Anecdotes about this character, which embody the mixture of silliness and shrewdness displayed by this “type,” have amused generations of Muslims.

Midsummer, a holiday celebrating the traditional midpoint of the harvest season and the summer solstice (June 20 or 21), the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. Midsummer is celebrated in many countries but is synonymous with Scandinavia, where it is observed as a national holiday

Saudi Arabia: Reign of Khalid (1975–82): …of a Saudi religious extremist, Juhayman al-Utaybi, who had been educated by the Saudi religious establishment and was a former member of the National Guard. Juhayman protested what he saw as the un-Islamic behavior of the Saudi royal family. The rebels occupied the mosque for two weeks before they were…

Sudan: Ethnic groups: …are the Jalayin and the Juhaynah. The Jalayin encompasses the sedentary agriculturalists along the middle Nile from Dongola south to Khartoum and includes such tribes as the Jalayin tribe proper, the Shāyqiyyah, and the Rubtab. The Juhaynah, by contrast, traditionally consisted of nomadic tribes, although some of them have now…

ʿuqqāl: …numbers, who are known as juhhāl (“the ignorant”), as well as from the outside world. Any Druze man or woman deemed worthy after serious scrutiny is eligible for admission into the ʿuqqāl.

Buyei, an official minority group inhabiting large parts of Guizhou province in south-central China. They call themselves Jui or Yoi. There are also some 50,000 Buyei living in Vietnam, where they are an official nationality. They had no written script of their own until 1956, when the Chinese

Ruizong was the temple name (miaohao) of the sixth emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He was placed on the throne by his mother, the future empress Wuhou, in 684, before she decided to set him aside and rule the country herself in 690. This was the first such usurpation in Chinese history.

sugar: Purification: Raw juice (containing 10 to 14 percent sucrose) is purified in a series of liming and carbonatation steps, often with filtration or thickening being conducted between the first and second carbonatation. One popular multistage system involves cold pre-liming followed by cold main liming, hot main liming,…

fruit processing: Juice extraction: Fruit is prepared for juice extraction by removing unwanted parts. This may include pitting operations for stone fruit such as apricots, cherries, or plums or peeling for such fruits as pineapples. In one large class of fruit, citrus fruit, juice extraction and…

jew’s harp, musical instrument consisting of a thin wood or metal tongue fixed at one end to the base of a two-pronged frame. The player holds the frame to his mouth, which forms a resonance cavity, and activates the instrument’s tongue by either plucking it with the fingers or jerking a string

Juice WRLD was an American rapper known for his freestyling ability and introspective lyrics. He first gained popularity on the music streaming platform SoundCloud but rapidly entered the pop mainstream to great success, garnering billions of streams in a career of only two years. Higgins was born

Ishmael Reed: … (2021), Japanese by Spring (1993), Juice! (2011), and Conjugating Hindi (2018). He also published numerous volumes of poetry, notably Conjure (1972), which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize; Chattanooga (1973); A Secretary to the Spirits (1978); New and Collected Poems, 1964–2006 (2006), which won the California Gold Medal in…

Juice WRLD was an American rapper known for his freestyling ability and introspective lyrics. He first gained popularity on the music streaming platform SoundCloud but rapidly entered the pop mainstream to great success, garnering billions of streams in a career of only two years. Higgins was born

Eugène Sue: …Misérables—and Le Juif errant (1844–45; The Wandering Jew). Published in installments, these long but exciting novels vastly increased the circulation of the newspapers in which they appeared. Both books display Sue’s powerful imagination, exuberant narrative style, and keen dramatic sense. These qualities, along with Sue’s realistic and sympathetic depictions of…

Robert Garnier: …his two masterpieces, Bradamante and Les Juifves. In Bradamante, the first important French tragicomedy, which alone of his plays has no chorus, he turned from Senecan models and sought his subject in Ludovico Ariosto. The romantic story becomes an effective drama in Garnier’s hands. Although the lovers, Bradamante and Roger,…

Juigalpa, city, central Nicaragua. It is situated on the flanks of the Sierras de Amerrique, in the rift valley in which Lakes Nicaragua and Managua are situated. The city is an agricultural and commercial centre: sugarcane, coffee, grain, and livestock are the principal products. The city contains

July Revolution, (1830), insurrection that brought Louis-Philippe to the throne of France. The revolution was precipitated by Charles X’s publication (July 26) of restrictive ordinances contrary to the spirit of the Charter of 1814. Protests and demonstrations were followed by three days of

Juilliard School, internationally renowned school of the performing arts in New York, New York, U.S. It is now the professional educational arm of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. The Juilliard School offers bachelor’s degrees in music, dance, and drama and postgraduate degrees in music.

Juilliard School: …is also noted for the Juilliard String Quartet, founded in 1946 and important to the development of chamber music in the United States. Total enrollment is approximately 1,400.

Horace Gray: In his most notable opinion, Juilliard v. Greenman (1884), Gray upheld the right of the federal government to make paper money legal tender for the payment of private debt even in times of peace, a procedure previously considered constitutional only as an emergency war measure.

Augustus D. Juilliard was a banker and industrialist who bequeathed the bulk of his multimillion dollar fortune for the advancement of musical education and opera production in the U.S. Born of French parents who emigrated to the U.S., he was raised in Ohio and became a director of several leading

Alphonse Juin was an officer of the French army who became a leading Free French commander in World War II. The son of a policeman in Algeria, Juin was educated at the military academy of Saint-Cyr and, during World War I, served as captain with Moroccan forces and later as chief of staff to

Fromental Halévy: …whose five-act grand opera La Juive (1835; “The Jewess”) was, with Giacomo Meyerbeer’s Les Huguenots, the prototype of early French grand opera.

Juiz de Fora, city, southeastern Minas Gerais estado (state), Brazil. It is situated in the deep Paraibuna River valley between the Orgãos and Mantiqueira ranges. Formerly known as Paraibuna, Juiz de Fora is the centre of a highly developed agricultural region producing rice, bananas, sugarcane,

India: The Deccan problem: …next rebellion was led by Jujhar Singh, a Hindu chief of Orchha, in Bundelkhand, who commanded the crucial passage to the Deccan. Jujhar was compelled to submit after his kinsman Bharat Singh defected and joined the Mughals. His refusal to comply with subsequent conditions led, after a protracted conflict, to…

Kinugasa Teinosuke: Jūjiro (1928; Crossways), was the most famous Japanese silent film. Kinugasa dispensed with chronological construction, using flashbacks to simulate the state of mind of the hero. The picture is also exceptional because of the gloominess of the drab gray setting and the experimental camera technique…

jujitsu, form of martial art and method of fighting that makes use of few or no weapons and employs holds, throws, and paralyzing blows to subdue an opponent. It evolved among the warrior class (bushi, or samurai) in Japan from about the 17th century. Designed to complement a warrior’s

juju, an object that has been deliberately infused with magical power or the magical power itself; it also can refer to the belief system involving the use of juju. Juju is practiced in West African countries such as Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Ghana, although its assumptions are shared by most

juju, Nigerian popular music that developed from the comingling of Christian congregational singing, Yoruba vocal and percussion traditions, and assorted African and Western popular genres. The music gained a significant international following in the 1980s largely owing to its adoption and

Kūkai: His major work, the Jūjū shinron (“The Ten Stages of Consciousness”), written in Chinese in a poetic style, classified Confucianism, Taoism, and all the existing Buddhist literature into 10 stages, the last and highest stage being that of Shingon philosophy. That work assured Kūkai a leading rank among the…

jujube, either of two species of small spiny trees of the genus Ziziphus (family Rhamnaceae) and their fruit. Jujube fruits are eaten fresh, dried, boiled, stewed, and baked and are used to flavour tea. When made into glacé fruits by boiling in honey and sugar syrup, they resemble Persian dates and

jujitsu, form of martial art and method of fighting that makes use of few or no weapons and employs holds, throws, and paralyzing blows to subdue an opponent. It evolved among the warrior class (bushi, or samurai) in Japan from about the 17th century. Designed to complement a warrior’s

Jujuy, provincia (province), extreme northwestern Argentina, bordering Chile (west) and Bolivia (north). San Salvador de Jujuy, in the far southeast, is the provincial capital. Jujuy encompasses several cordilleras of the Andes Mountains—reaching elevations of 16,500 feet (5,000 metres) and

Yukaghir, remnant of an ancient human population of the tundra and taiga zones of Arctic Siberia east of the Lena River in Russia, an area with one of the most severe climates in the inhabited world. Brought close to extinction by privation, encroachment, and diseases introduced by other groups,

Curtis Bernhardt: Early years in Hollywood: Reagan also appeared in Juke Girl (1942), playing, with Ann Sheridan, exploited fruit pickers charged unjustly with murder. On loan to Paramount, Bernhardt made Happy Go Lucky (1943), a pleasant though not very memorable musical featuring Dick Powell, Mary Martin, and Betty Hutton. Of more interest was the suspenseful…

music recording: Birth of a mass medium: …mainly on dance records in jukeboxes to satisfy a dwindled market, Europe supplied a slow but steady trickle of classical recordings. In 1931 the His Master’s Voice (HMV) label in Great Britain began its “Society” issues: a limited public was asked to subscribe in advance to then esoteric releases—the complete…

Madderakka: …Uksakka, the door woman; and Juksakka, the bow woman—who watch over the development of the child from conception through early childhood. Madderakka was believed to receive the soul of a child from Veralden-radien, the world ruler deity, and to give it a body, which Sarakka would then place in the…

juku, Japanese privately run, after-hours tutoring school geared to help elementary and secondary students perform better in their regular daytime schoolwork and to offer cram courses in preparation for university entry examinations. Juku (from gakushū juku, “tutoring school”) range from individual

Jukun, a people living on the upper Benue River in Nigeria, commonly believed to be descendants of the people of Kororofa, one of the most powerful Sudanic kingdoms during the late European Middle Ages. The ruins of a great settlement to the northeast of the Jukun’s present location are thought to

Dyula, people of western Africa who speak a Mande language of the Niger-Congo language family. Most are Muslims, and they have long been noted as commercial traders. The Dyula were active gold traders as long ago as the time of the ancient African kingdom of Ghana. They flourished under the empire

history of Arabia: Oman: …the first Ibāḍite imam, al-Julandā ibn Masʿūd, was elected at about the beginning of the Abbasid caliphate. After the Ibāḍite invasion of southern Arabia in 893, Oman wavered between independence and subjection to the Abbasids and their Būyid or Seljuq supporters. By the 12th century the Seljuq hold had…

Ahmed al-Sharaa is a militant Islamist who became president (2025– ) of Syria’s interim government after leading the lightning offensive in 2024 that toppled the dynastic Pres. Bashar al-Assad. He commanded one of the leading factions of the Syrian Civil War (2011– ), known as Hayat Tahrir al-Sham

Jostein Gaarder: Gaarder’s next novel, Julemysteriet (1992; The Christmas Mystery), was a journey through the history of Christianity, while I et speil, I en gate (1993; Through a Glass, Darkly), which took its title from a line in the First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians, was written as a dialogue between…

Jules and Jim, French film, released in 1962, that is the definitive New Wave movie by director François Truffaut. It epitomizes the type of groundbreaking cinema that originated in Europe during the postwar years through the 1960s. The simple tale concerns a love triangle involving three young

Jules and Jim, French film, released in 1962, that is the definitive New Wave movie by director François Truffaut. It epitomizes the type of groundbreaking cinema that originated in Europe during the postwar years through the 1960s. The simple tale concerns a love triangle involving three young

World Cup: …1930 to 1970 was the Jules Rimet Trophy, named for the Frenchman who proposed the tournament. This cup was permanently awarded in 1970 to then three-time winner Brazil (1958, 1962, and 1970), and a new trophy called the FIFA World Cup was put up for competition. Many other sports have…