Karmah, archaeological site, northern Sudan. It is located near the town of Karmah al-Nuzul, about 30 miles (50 km) north of Dunqulah (Dongola) on the right bank of the Nile above its Third Cataract. An American expedition from Harvard University carried out extensive archaeological excavations

Babrak Karmal was an Afghan politician who, backed by the Soviet Union, was president of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1986. The son of a well-connected army general, Karmal became involved in Marxist political activities while a student at Kabul University in the 1950s and was imprisoned for five years

karma, in Indian religion and philosophy, the universal causal law by which good or bad actions determine the future modes of an individual’s existence. Karma represents the ethical dimension of the process of rebirth (samsara), belief in which is generally shared among the religious traditions of

Kármán line, boundary separating Earth’s atmosphere and outer space. The line is neither sharp nor well defined but is often taken to encircle Earth at an altitude between 80 to 100 km (50 to 62 miles) above mean sea level. The line originated with Hungarian American engineer and physicist Theodore

Theodore von Kármán: Early life: …fluid stream, now famous as Kármán’s Vortex Street. The use of his analysis to explain the collapse, during high winds, of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in the state of Washington, in the United States, in 1940, is one of the most striking examples of its value.

Hungarian literature: The period of the Enlightenment: Sentimentalism found its exponents in József Kármán and Gábor Dayka. Kármán’s only work of importance, Fanni hagyományai (1794; “The Memoirs of Fanny”), is a novel of sentiment written in the form of letters and diary entries. Very much on the lines of Goethe’s Werther, the work nevertheless marks an important…

Theodore von Kármán: Early life: …third of five children of Maurice and Helene von Kármán. His father, a professor at the University of Budapest and commissioner of the Ministry of Education, reformed the secondary-school system of the country and founded the Minta (Model) Gymnasium, which his son attended, as did the atomic physicists George de…

Tawakkol Karman is a Yemeni women’s rights activist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 for her role in leading a pro-democracy protest movement. She shared the prize with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, who were also recognized for leading nonviolent campaigns for women’s rights

Tawakkol Karman is a Yemeni women’s rights activist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 for her role in leading a pro-democracy protest movement. She shared the prize with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, who were also recognized for leading nonviolent campaigns for women’s rights

Theodore von Kármán was a Hungarian-born American research engineer best known for his pioneering work in the use of mathematics and the basic sciences in aeronautics and astronautics. His laboratory at the California Institute of Technology later became the National Aeronautics and Space

Volkswagen Group: …van in 1950 and the Karmann Ghia coupe in 1955. Sales abroad were generally strong in most countries of export, but, because of the car’s small size, unusual rounded appearance, and historical connection to Nazi Germany, sales in the United States were initially sluggish. The car began to gain acceptance…

Jainism: Canonical and commentarial literature: …two works in Prakrit: the Karmaprabhrita (“Chapters on Karma”), also called Shatkhandagama (“Scripture of Six Sections”), and the Kashayaprabhrita (“Chapters on the Kashayas”). The Karmaprabhrita, allegedly based on the lost Drishtivada text, deals with the doctrine of karma and was redacted by Pushpadanta and Bhutabalin in the mid-2nd century; the…

linear programming: In 1984 Indian mathematician Narendra Karmarkar discovered another polynomial-time algorithm, the interior point method, that proved competitive with the simplex method.

kammatthana, in Theravada Buddhist tradition, one of the objects of mental concentration or a stage of meditation employing it. According to Visuddhi-magga (a 5th-century ce Pali text by Buddhaghosa), there are 40 kammatthanas; an individual should choose the object of mental concentration that is

Qarmatian, member of an Ismāʿīlī Shiʿi movement that rejected the claim of the Fāṭimid caliph ʿUbayd Allāh to the imamate. The Qarmatians flourished in Iraq, Yemen, and especially Bahrain during the 9th to 11th centuries, taking their name from Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ, who led the sect in southern Iraq in

Qarmatian, member of an Ismāʿīlī Shiʿi movement that rejected the claim of the Fāṭimid caliph ʿUbayd Allāh to the imamate. The Qarmatians flourished in Iraq, Yemen, and especially Bahrain during the 9th to 11th centuries, taking their name from Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ, who led the sect in southern Iraq in

Jan Lechoń: …first mature collection of poems, Karmazynowy pemat (“The Poem in Scarlet”), making himself known in literary circles. Whereas that volume dealt with patriotic themes, Lechoń’s focus changed to lyrical poems in Srebrne i czarne (1924; “Silver and Black”). Lechoń was considered a rising star of new Polish poetry. Overwhelmed by…

Mount Carmel, mountain range, northwestern Israel; the city of Haifa is on its northeastern slope. It divides the Plain of Esdraelon (ʿEmeq Yizreʿel) and the Galilee (east and north) from the coastal Plain of Sharon (south). A northwest–southeast-trending limestone ridge, about 16 miles (26 km)

Kate Atkinson: …1993 her short story “Karmic Mothers—Fact or Fiction?,” about two women hospitalized for their suicide attempts and recovering next to a maternity unit, won the Ian St. James Award; the story was adapted for television in 1997.

Anatolian art and architecture: Urartu: …excavation of two fortress cities, Karmirblur and Arin Berd, in Armenia, together with many others in Anatolia itself, has also revealed some unique features of Urartian architecture, including a standard form of temple: a square, towerlike building anticipating the temple-towers of Achaemenian times in Persia.

Karmiʾel, (Hebrew: “Vineyard of God”), town, northern Israel, in the Valley of Bet Kerem, on the boundary of Upper and Lower Galilee, just off the main east–west highway from ʿAkko (Acre) to Ẕefat (Safed). One of Israel’s development towns, Karmiʾel is the first Jewish town in an area settled

Carmona, town, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain; it overlooks the Andalusian Plain from its site on a ridge of the Sierra de los Alcores. It originated as Carmo, the strongest town of the Roman province of Hispania Ulterior

Kalachuri dynasty: Central India: The reign of Gangeyadeva’s son Karna (reigned 1041–73) represents a high point in contemporary military adventurism. He consolidated his power in the Varanasi-Allahabad area and undertook large-scale military campaigns in eastern, southern, central, and western India. His successes were short-lived, however, and Kalachuri power declined steadily in the period between…

Girish Karnad was an Indian playwright, author, actor, and film director whose movies and plays, written largely in Kannada, explore the present by way of the past. After graduating from Karnataka University in 1958, Karnad studied philosophy, politics, and economics as a Rhodes scholar at the

Carnac, village, Morbihan département, Bretagne (Brittany) region, western France, near the Atlantic coast, just southwest of Auray. It is the site of more than 3,000 prehistoric stone monuments. The single stone menhirs and multistone dolmens were hewn from local granite, now worn by time and

Karnak, village located in Al-Uqṣur muḥāfaẓah (governorate), Upper Egypt, which has given its name to the northern half of the ruins of Thebes on the east bank of the Nile River, including the ruins of the Great Temple of Amon. Karnak and other areas of ancient Thebes—including Luxor, the Valley of

Karnal, city, east-central Haryana state, northwestern India. It lies along the west bank of the Yamuna River and is just east of the Western Yamuna Canal. The name is said to be derived from that of Karma, a warrior in the ancient epic poem Mahabharata and the town’s legendary founder. Karnal was

Battle of Karnal, the supreme triumph of Nadir Shah, the great Persian king and military commander. On February 24, 1739, at Karnal in northern India, the Persians comprehensively crushed the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah’s larger army, going on to sack their capital, Delhi. The battle marked the

Nepal: Drainage: Nepal—the Kosi, Nārāyani (Gandak), and Karnāli, running southward across the strike of the Himalayan ranges—form transverse valleys with deep gorges, which are generally several thousand feet in depth from the crest of the bordering ranges. The watershed of these rivers lies not along the line of highest peaks in the…

Helsingborg: Of the ancient fortifications, only Kärnan (the “Keep”) has survived. Other notable buildings are the town hall (1897), in North German Gothic style; the concert hall (1931); the 13th-century Gothic-style Maria Church; and an indoor sports centre that is one of the biggest stadiums in Sweden. Museums include Vikingsberg Art…

Karnaphuli River, major watercourse of the Chittagong region, Bangladesh. Rising in the Mizo Hills of Mizoram state, northeastern India, it flows about 170 miles (270 km) south and southwest through the southeastern arm of Bangladesh to empty into the Bay of Bengal, 12 miles (19 km) below the city

Belagavi: …Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College—affiliated with Karnatak University in Hubballi-Dharwad, which lies to the southeast. Pop. (2001) city, 399,653; urban agglom., 506,480; (2011) city, 488,157; urban agglom., 610,350.

Karnataka, state of India, located on the western coast of the subcontinent. It is bounded by the states of Goa and Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the south and by the Arabian Sea to the west. The state extends for about 420 miles (675

Karnataka, linguistic region of the Deccan plateau, south-central India, generally corresponding to Karnataka state. Of irregular shape, and defined as the area in which Kannada (Kanarese) is spoken, Karnataka was unified during the Vijayanagar kingdom (c. 1300–1600) until successive conquests by

Karnataka Coast, coastal lowlands in western Karnataka state, southwestern India. Constituting an area of about 4,000 square miles (10,000 square km), it is bounded by Konkan to the north, the Western Ghats to the east, the Kerala Plains to the south, and the Arabian Sea to the west. It stretches

Karnataka Plateau, upland region of Karnataka state, southern India. The plateau has an area of about 73,000 square miles (189,000 square km) and an average elevation of about 2,600 feet (800 metres). The name of the plateau is derived from Karnad (“Land of Black Soil”). The Karnataka Plateau is

Karnataka, linguistic region of the Deccan plateau, south-central India, generally corresponding to Karnataka state. Of irregular shape, and defined as the area in which Kannada (Kanarese) is spoken, Karnataka was unified during the Vijayanagar kingdom (c. 1300–1600) until successive conquests by

Carnatic music, music of southern India (generally south of the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh state) that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions and was relatively unaffected by the Arab and Iranian influences that, since the late 12th and early 13th centuries, as a result of the Islamic

Karnatic temple architecture, style of architecture employed largely in the Karnātaka (formerly Mysore) area of southern India. Closely allied to the South Indian style, it developed a distinctive idiom in the mid-12th century under the Hoysaḷa dynasty. The temples of this dynasty are characterized

Carnatic Wars, series of military contests during the 18th century between the British, the French, the Marathas, and Mysore for control of the coastal strip of eastern India from Nellore (north of Madras [now Chennai]) southward (the Tamil country). The name Carnatic properly refers to the region

Carnatic music, music of southern India (generally south of the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh state) that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions and was relatively unaffected by the Arab and Iranian influences that, since the late 12th and early 13th centuries, as a result of the Islamic

Granada, city, capital of Granada provincia (province) in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. It lies along the Genil River at the northwestern slope of the Sierra Nevada, 2,260 feet (689 metres) above sea level. The Darro River, much reduced by irrigation

blue butterfly: The Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis), once found throughout the savanna and barrens habitats of North America, is listed as endangered in the United States. Its numbers have declined as a result of habitat fragmentation and a lack of natural disturbances such as wildfire, which…

Fasching, the Roman Catholic Shrovetide carnival as celebrated in German-speaking countries. There are many regional differences concerning the name, duration, and activities of the carnival. It is known as Fasching in Bavaria and Austria, Fosnat in Franconia, Fasnet in Swabia, Fastnacht in Mainz

Germany: Arts festivals: …the German-speaking world; and the Karneval der Kulturen (“Carnival of Cultures”), a festival of world cultures. Munich has an opera festival in July and August, with emphasis on Richard Strauss. Festivals in Würzburg and Augsburg are dedicated to Mozart. Ansbach has a Bach festival, and Bonn has one celebrating Beethoven.…

Carnian Stage, lowermost of the three divisions of the Upper Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Carnian time (235 million to 228 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The stage name is probably derived from the Austrian state of Kärnten (Carinthia), where the

death: The point of no return: …Poe’s macabre short stories that Count Karnice-Karnicke, a Russian nobleman, patented a coffin of particular type. If the “corpse” regained consciousness after burial, it could summon help from the surface by activating a system of flags and bells. Advertisements described the price of the apparatus as “exceedingly reasonable, only about…

Carnic Alps, range of the Eastern Alps, extending along the Austrian-Italian border for 60 miles (100 km) from the Pustertal (valley) and the Piave River (west) to the Gailitz (Italian Silizza) River (east). The mountains are bounded by the Dolomites (southwest), the Gail River and the Gailtaler

Mickey Mouse: …first words (“Hot dogs!”) until The Karnival Kid (1929). Steamboat Willie was an immediate sensation and led to the studio’s dominance in the animated market for many years.

card game: Origins: …earliest game known by name—karnöffel, played from 1428 in Germany—was such, though certain cards of a randomly selected suit possessed trick-taking powers of varying degrees of superiority. Trump suits as such were a European invention (see tarot game), as was the subsequent idea of bidding to select a trump…

Kärnten, Bundesland (federal state), southern Austria, bordered by Bundesländer Salzburg (north and east) and Steiermark (Styria; north), Slovenia and Italy on the south, and East Tirol on the west. Drained by the Drava (Drau), Gail, Möll, Gurk, and Lavant rivers, it occupies an area of 3,681

Pittosporaceae: Karo (P. crassifolium) often is planted as a windbreak on seacoasts. The genera Hymenosporum, Bursaria, and Sollya also contain ornamental species.

Joseph ben Ephraim Karo was a Spanish-born Jewish author of the last great codification of Jewish law, the Bet Yosef (“House of Joseph”). Its condensation, the Shulḥan ʿarukh (“The Prepared Table,” or “The Well-Laid Table”), is still authoritative for Orthodox Jewry. When the Jews were expelled

Shastan: Like the Yurok and Karok, the Shastan subsisted largely on acorns and salmon and traded with other northern California Indians, using such currency as dentalium shells and scarlet woodpecker scalps. Shastan villages, dwellings, and communal sweat houses were similar to those of other tribes in the region, though Shastan…

Caroline of Brunswick-Lüneburg was the wife of King George IV of the United Kingdom who—like her husband, who was also her cousin—was the centre of various scandals. The daughter of Charles William Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Caroline married George (then prince of Wales) on April 8,

Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach was the wife of King George II of Great Britain (reigned 1727–60). Beautiful and intelligent, she exercised an influence over her husband that was decisive in establishing and maintaining Sir Robert Walpole as prime minister (1730–42). The daughter of a German

Karolinska Institute, a Swedish institute for medical education and research, founded in 1810. The primary interest of the institute is research; it has achieved international renown for its biomedical research in particular. As a centre of medical education, the Karolinska Institute trains

Latin literature: The Carolingian renaissance: …but known by the title Karolus Magnus et Leo Papa (“Charlemagne and Pope Leo”). Its example was followed in the next generation by Ermoldus Nigellus, writing about the deeds of Louis the Pious, and the tradition of earlier Carolingian authors is extended by two major political poets, Walafrid Strabo and…

Charles III was the king of Naples (1381–86) and king (as Charles II) of Hungary (1385–86). A leading figure of the Hungarian branch of the Angevin dynasty, he was an astute politician who won both of his thrones by triumphing over rival claimants. Charles was educated at the court of Louis I of

Charles I was a courtly, pious king of Hungary who restored his kingdom to the status of a great power and enriched and civilized it. Charles was the son of Charles Martel of Anjou-Naples and Clemencia of Habsburg, daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf I. As great-grandson of Stephen V and with

Károly Takács of Hungary overcame great adversity to win back-to-back Olympic titles in rapid-fire pistol shooting. The European champion and a member of the Hungarian world-championship team in 1938, Takács was ready to make his mark in the 1940 Olympics, which his team was expected to dominate.

Nadia Comăneci: Bela Karolyi, later the Romanian gymnastics coach, when she was six years old. She first competed in the national junior championships in 1969, placing 13th, and she won the competition in 1970. In her first international competition, in 1972, a pre-Olympic junior meet for the…

Hungary: Financial crisis: the rise of right radicalism: His successor, Gyula, Count Károlyi, was unable to cope with the situation. Political agitation mounted, and on October 1, 1932, Horthy appointed as prime minister the leader of the right-wing radicals, Gyula Gömbös.

Mihály, Count Károlyi was a Hungarian statesman who before World War I desired a reorientation of Austro-Hungarian foreign policy toward friendship with states other than Germany. He also advocated concessions to Hungary’s non-Magyar subjects. After the war, as president of the Hungarian Democratic

Karlovac, city in western Croatia. It lies southwest of Zagreb at the confluence of the Korana and Kupa rivers. Karlovac has Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic cathedrals and the oldest public library in Croatia. An important railway and road junction, the city has a considerable transit trade in

Egyptian art and architecture: Copper and bronze: …period is the figure of Karomama. The exceptionally elegant modeling of the female form is greatly enriched by inlays of gold and silver reproducing the feathered pattern of the gown and an elaborate collar of floral motifs.

Karonga, town, northern Malawi, situated on the western shore of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the traditional homeland of the Ngonde people. Karonga became the stronghold of the Swahili-Arab trader Mlozi about 1880. The modern town, however, was founded with the opening of a British trading post

Karoo, arid to semiarid geographic region of Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and Northern Cape provinces, South Africa. The Karoo is best defined by its vegetation, which consists of assorted succulents and low scrub bushes spaced from one foot to several feet apart. The area is devoid of surface

National Botanic Gardens of South Africa: Karoo Botanic Garden at Worcester, for example, maintains more than 5,000 varieties, mostly South African succulents, and the Edith Stephens Cape Flats Flora Reserve specializes in flowering bulbs of the iris and lily families.

Karoo System, geologic system of rocks outcropping over a 1,560,000-square-kilometer (600,000-square-mile) area of Africa from the Equator south to the Cape of Good Hope. The time span of the Karoo System extends from the Carboniferous and Permian periods (about 359 million to 252 million years

Tunisia: Presidency of Kais Saied: …moved to ban media mogul Nabil Karoui from running for president, because of his use of what many viewed as unfair campaign tactics. But Sebsi was either unwilling or unable to sign the bill. He became severely ill just days later and died the following month. In July Karoui was…

Qarawīyīn, mosque and Islāmic university in Fès, Morocco. The Qarawīyīn Mosque, which was enlarged to its present form in the 12th century, is the largest in North Africa and can accommodate about 22,000 worshipers. Only Muslims are admitted into the mosque, but the interior can be glimpsed through

David Karp is an American Web developer and entrepreneur who founded the microblogging site Tumblr. Karp grew up on Manhattan’s Upper West Side, the elder of two sons of a teacher and a composer. He became interested in technology and programming at a young age, teaching himself HTML at 11. When he

Richard Karp is an American mathematician and computer scientist and winner of the 1985 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, for “his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial

Richard Karp is an American mathematician and computer scientist and winner of the 1985 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, for “his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial

Kárpathos, island of the Dodecanese (Modern Greek: Dodekánisa) group in the Aegean Sea, southeastern Greece. With neighbouring islands, it constitutes the perifereiakí enótita (regional unit) and dímos (municipality) of Kárpathos in the South Aegean (Nótio Aigaío) periféreia (region). The principal

Rudolf Kárpáti: Last of a Long Line: The small eastern European nation of Hungary has contributed greatly to Olympic history, and perhaps in no field so much as in fencing. Hungarian athletes have historically excelled at the sport, winning gold medals in every individual sabre competition between 1924 and 1964.

Carpathian Mountains, a geologically young European mountain chain forming the eastward continuation of the Alps. From the Danube Gap, near Bratislava, Slovakia, they swing in a wide crescent-shaped arc some 900 miles (1,450 kilometres) long to near Orşova, Romania, at the portion of the Danube

Ural Mountains: Physiography: … (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]) and Mount Karpinsk (6,161 feet [1,878 metres]). These first two sections are typically Alpine and are strewn with glaciers and heavily marked by permafrost.

Franciszek Karpiński was a Polish Enlightenment lyric poet who is best known for his religious and patriotic verses. Karpiński attended a Jesuit school, where he received a traditional education. He served as a court poet for the princely Czartoryski family until he retired to his family farm. Some

Martin Karplus was an American Austrian chemist who was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for developing accurate computer models of chemical reactions that were able to use features of both classical physics and quantum mechanics. He shared the prize with American-British-Israeli chemist

Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov is a Russian chess master who dominated world competition from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. (Read Garry Kasparov’s Britannica essay on chess & Deep Blue.) Karpov moved to Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) with his family early in life. A child prodigy, he learned to play

Pertti Karppinen is a Finnish sculler who won gold medals in three consecutive Olympic single sculls events (1976, 1980, 1984). His Olympic success, coupled with world championships in 1979 and 1985, tied him with Peter-Michael Kolbe of Germany as the only five-time single sculls champions.

Qarmatian, member of an Ismāʿīlī Shiʿi movement that rejected the claim of the Fāṭimid caliph ʿUbayd Allāh to the imamate. The Qarmatians flourished in Iraq, Yemen, and especially Bahrain during the 9th to 11th centuries, taking their name from Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ, who led the sect in southern Iraq in

Karre Mountains, mountain range, western Central African Republic. The range rises to 4,625 feet (1,410 m) at Mount Ngaoui, the highest point in the country. The granite hills, split by southwest-northeast fractures, extend westward across the border into Cameroon. Their southward and eastward

cave: Pavement karst: These are collectively known as karren. Karren include solutionally widened joints (kluftkarren, or cleftkarren), small runnels (rinnenkarren, or runnelkarren), small residual pinnacles (spitzkarren, or pinnacle karren), and many other forms.

B. Traven: …series are Der Karren (1931; The Carreta), Regierung (1931; Government), Der Marsch ins Reich der Caoba (1933; March to the Monteria), Die Rebellion der Gehenkten (1936; The Rebellion of the Hanged), and Ein General kommt aus dem Dschungel (1940; General from the Jungle).

Paul Karrer was a Swiss chemist who investigated the constitution of carotenoids, flavins, and vitamins A and B2, for which he shared the 1937 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Sir Norman Haworth of Great Britain. Born in Russia of Swiss parents, Karrer was educated in Switzerland and received his

eucalyptus: Major species and uses: botryoides); karri (E. diversicolor); Tasmanian bluegum; white ironbark, or yellow gum (E. leucoxylon); jarrah (E. marginata); messmate stringybark (E. obliqua); red mahogany (E. resinifera); northern gray ironbark; and others. The bark of many species is used in papermaking and

Karoo, arid to semiarid geographic region of Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and Northern Cape provinces, South Africa. The Karoo is best defined by its vegetation, which consists of assorted succulents and low scrub bushes spaced from one foot to several feet apart. The area is devoid of surface

Little Karoo, intermontane plateau basin in Western Cape province, South Africa, lying between the east-west oriented Groot-Swart Mountains (north), the Lange Mountains (southwest), and the Outeniqua Mountains (southeast), with the discontinuous Kammanassie Mountains running between those ranges.

Karoo System, geologic system of rocks outcropping over a 1,560,000-square-kilometer (600,000-square-mile) area of Africa from the Equator south to the Cape of Good Hope. The time span of the Karoo System extends from the Carboniferous and Permian periods (about 359 million to 252 million years

Mehdi Karroubi is an Iranian cleric and reformist politician who emerged as a leading critic of the Iranian government during his presidential candidacies in 2005 and 2009. The son of a mullah, Karroubi attended a Qurʾānic school in Najaf, Iraq. He received advanced religious training in Qom, Iran,

Mehdi Karroubi is an Iranian cleric and reformist politician who emerged as a leading critic of the Iranian government during his presidential candidacies in 2005 and 2009. The son of a mullah, Karroubi attended a Qurʾānic school in Najaf, Iraq. He received advanced religious training in Qom, Iran,

Kars, city, northeastern Turkey. Kars is situated on a plateau 5,740 feet (1,750 metres) above sea level on the Kars River, a tributary of the Aras River, near the border with Armenia. The city, divided into an older upper section and a newer part to the south, stretches out on either side of the

Tamara Platonovna Karsavina was an Anglo-Russian ballerina whose partnership with Vaslav Nijinsky in Michel Fokine’s avant-garde ballets helped to revive interest in ballet in western Europe. The daughter of a famous dancer, Platon Karsavin, she was educated at the Imperial Ballet School, St.

Yousuf Karsh was an Armenian Canadian photographer known for his portraits of important and famous men and women of politics, Hollywood, and the arts, from Albert Einstein and Sir Winston Churchill to Walt Disney and Grace Kelly. As an Armenian in what is now Turkey, Karsh endured persecution and

Yousuf Karsh was an Armenian Canadian photographer known for his portraits of important and famous men and women of politics, Hollywood, and the arts, from Albert Einstein and Sir Winston Churchill to Walt Disney and Grace Kelly. As an Armenian in what is now Turkey, Karsh endured persecution and

Karshi, city, southern Uzbekistan, in the Karshi oasis, on the Kashka River. At least 1,000 years old, it lay on the caravan route from Samarkand and Bukhara to Afghanistan and India; it was known as Nakhsheb, or Nesef, until the 14th century, when a fort (Turkic karshi, “against”) was built there.

Kashkadarya: …it consists largely of the Karshi Steppe, an extensive foothill plain intersected by the Kashka River. In the east and southeast are spurs of the Zeravshan, Gissar, and Kugitangtau mountains. The climate is continental and dry, precipitation occurring mainly in winter. Cotton, grown on irrigated land along the river, is…