PKZip: …the mid-1980s American computer programmer Phillip Katz began developing his own compression program, PKARC, which was based on SEA’s product and used the ARC file format. Katz’s program was faster and more efficient than ARC, and in 1986 Katz founded his own company, PKWARE, Inc., to promote the product. PKARC…

Sir Bernard Katz was a German-born British physiologist who investigated the functioning of nerves and muscles. His studies on the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine—which carries impulses from nerve fibre to muscle fibre or from one nerve ending to another—won him a share (with Julius

Blood, Sweat & Tears: …5, 1944, Brooklyn, New York), Steve Katz (b. May 9, 1945, Brooklyn), Bobby Colomby (b. December 20, 1944, New York City), Jim Fielder (b. October 4, 1947, Denton, Texas), Jerry Weiss (b. May 1, 1946, New York City), Fred Lipsius (b. November 19, 1943, Bronx, New York), Dick Halligan (b.…

Jeffrey Katzenberg is an American entrepreneur who played a pivotal role in transforming the Walt Disney Company into a multibillion-dollar empire and who, along with filmmaker Steven Spielberg and music mogul David Geffen, founded the film studio DreamWorks SKG. Katzenberg attended New York

comic strip: The United States: …Max and Moritz, called the Katzenjammer Kids, which proved an instant success. It survived in syndication into the 21st century, under its sixth author. The market-driven tendency to continue strips in their formula if not their spirit after the death of the original author(s) has given extraordinary longevity to many…

Ephraim Katzir was a Russian-born scientist and politician who was the fourth president of Israel (1973–78). Katzir moved with his family to Palestine when he was nine years old. After graduating from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, he became an assistant in the university’s department of

flag of Kenya: …World War II was the Kenya African Union (KAU), the predecessor of the Kenya African National Union. The party’s original flag, introduced on September 3, 1951, was black and red with a central shield and arrow. In the following year the background was altered to three equal horizontal stripes of…

Easter Island: Relief: …the extremely deep crater of Rano Kao, which is about 3,000 feet (900 metres) wide, is piped to Hanga Roa. The coast is formed by soft, eroded, ashy cliffs, with a vertical drop of about 500 to 1,000 feet (150 to 300 metres); the cliffs are intercepted by long stretches…

Kauai, volcanic island, Kauai county, Hawaii, U.S. It lies 72 miles (116 km) northwest of Oahu island across the Kauai Channel. The northernmost and geologically the oldest of the major Hawaiian islands, it is also the most verdant and one of the most scenic and is known as the Garden Isle; the

Kauai, volcanic island, Kauai county, Hawaii, U.S. It lies 72 miles (116 km) northwest of Oahu island across the Kauai Channel. The northernmost and geologically the oldest of the major Hawaiian islands, it is also the most verdant and one of the most scenic and is known as the Garden Isle; the

Kauai King, (foaled 1963), American racehorse (Thoroughbred) who in 1966 won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes but lost at the Belmont Stakes, ending his bid for the coveted Triple Crown of American horse racing. As a two-year-old, Kauai King won only once in four races and earned a total

Kauai: …concentrated in Lihue, include the Kauai Museum, which features the work of local artists and exhibits on Hawaiian history, and the Grove Farm Homestead Museum, a historic sugar plantation. On the west side of the island is Waimea Canyon, known as the “Grand Canyon of the Pacific,” some 14 miles…

Art Deco: …Poiret and the graphic artist Edward McKnight Kauffer represent those whose work directly reached a larger audience. New York City’s Rockefeller Center (especially its interiors supervised by Donald Deskey; built between 1929 and 1940), the Chrysler Building by William Van Alen, and the

Art Deco: …Poiret and the graphic artist Edward McKnight Kauffer represent those whose work directly reached a larger audience. New York City’s Rockefeller Center (especially its interiors supervised by Donald Deskey; built between 1929 and 1940), the Chrysler Building by William Van Alen, and the

Moshe Safdie: …in Bentonville, Arkansas; and the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts (2011) in Kansas City, Missouri. Safdie opened an office in Singapore in 2007 and one in Shanghai in 2011. By the early 2010s he had completed several projects in southern Asia, including the Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort (2011),…

Angelica Kauffmann was a painter in the early Neoclassical style who is best known for her decorative wall paintings for residences designed by Robert Adam. The daughter of Johann Joseph Kauffmann, a painter, Angelica was a precocious child and a talented musician and painter by her 12th year. Her

Angelica Kauffmann was a painter in the early Neoclassical style who is best known for her decorative wall paintings for residences designed by Robert Adam. The daughter of Johann Joseph Kauffmann, a painter, Angelica was a precocious child and a talented musician and painter by her 12th year. Her

Angelica Kauffmann was a painter in the early Neoclassical style who is best known for her decorative wall paintings for residences designed by Robert Adam. The daughter of Johann Joseph Kauffmann, a painter, Angelica was a precocious child and a talented musician and painter by her 12th year. Her

Sylvie Kauffmann is a French journalist who became the first female to serve as the executive editor of France’s leading daily newspaper, Le Monde (2010–11). Kauffmann earned degrees from the Training Centre for Journalists in Paris, the Institute for Political Studies in Aix-en-Provence, France,

Will Durant and Ariel Durant: …Los Angeles) were American husband-and-wife writing collaborators whose Story of Civilization, 11 vol. (1935–75), established them among the best-known writers of popular philosophy and history.

Andy Kaufman was an American comedian, actor, and performance artist. His groundbreaking and experimental comedic acts made him one of the most influential comics of all time. Kaufman grew up with ambitions to become a performer, stoked in many ways by his passionate fandom of professional

Andy Kaufman was an American comedian, actor, and performance artist. His groundbreaking and experimental comedic acts made him one of the most influential comics of all time. Kaufman grew up with ambitions to become a performer, stoked in many ways by his passionate fandom of professional

Bob Kaufman was an innovative African-American poet who became an important figure of the Beat movement. With a Roman Catholic mother, a German-Jewish father, and a grandmother who believed in voodoo, Kaufman was exposed to a wide variety of religious influences; he eventually adopted Buddhism. At

Charlie Kaufman is an American screenwriter and director known for his offbeat films and ambitious narrative style. Kaufman earned a B.F.A. from the Kanbar Institute of Film and Television at New York University in 1980. Prior to breaking into the film industry, he worked in the circulation

Charlie Kaufman is an American screenwriter and director known for his offbeat films and ambitious narrative style. Kaufman earned a B.F.A. from the Kanbar Institute of Film and Television at New York University in 1980. Prior to breaking into the film industry, he worked in the circulation

Dziga Vertov was a Soviet motion-picture director whose kino-glaz (“film-eye”) theory—that the camera is an instrument, much like the human eye, that is best used to explore the actual happenings of real life—had an international impact on the development of documentaries and cinema realism during

George S. Kaufman was an American playwright and journalist, who became the stage director of most of his plays and musical comedies after the mid-1920s. He was the most successful craftsman of the American theatre in the era between World Wars I and II, and many of his plays were Broadway hits.

Will Durant and Ariel Durant: …Los Angeles) were American husband-and-wife writing collaborators whose Story of Civilization, 11 vol. (1935–75), established them among the best-known writers of popular philosophy and history.

Irving Robert Kaufman was a U.S. judge who presided over the celebrated case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in 1951 and sentenced them to death in the electric chair after finding them guilty of having conspired to deliver atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union; they were the first American

Moisés Kaufman is a Venezuelan-born playwright and director who is best known for perceptive and moving plays often rooted in issues of sexuality. He was cofounder in 1991 of Tectonic Theater Project, a company dedicated to examining the structure and language of theatre as well as addressing

Lenin Peak, highest summit (23,406 feet [7,134 metres]) of the Trans-Alai Range on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Once thought to be the highest mountain in what was then the Soviet Union, Lenin Peak was relegated to third place by the discovery in 1932–33 that Stalin Peak (after 1962

Philip Kaufman is an American film director and screenwriter who is especially known for his adaptations of literary works, notably The Right Stuff (1983) and The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988). After graduating from the University of Chicago, Kaufman attended Harvard Law School before moving

Bob Kaufman was an innovative African-American poet who became an important figure of the Beat movement. With a Roman Catholic mother, a German-Jewish father, and a grandmother who believed in voodoo, Kaufman was exposed to a wide variety of religious influences; he eventually adopted Buddhism. At

Mesoamerican Indian languages: Mesoamerican writing systems: …reported by John Justeson and Terrence Kaufman in Science in 1993. The keys to its decipherment were the hypothesis that the text represents a Mixe-Zoquean language; the discovery of La Mojarra stela (1986)—a stela with 465 glyphs in a writing unlike the Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, or Aztec scripts, although it…

Angelica Kauffmann was a painter in the early Neoclassical style who is best known for her decorative wall paintings for residences designed by Robert Adam. The daughter of Johann Joseph Kauffmann, a painter, Angelica was a precocious child and a talented musician and painter by her 12th year. Her

Fallingwater: Edgar J. Kaufmann, Sr., a department store magnate, and his wife, Liliane, commissioned Wright to design a weekend retreat on the family’s land near the former Bear Run community southeast of Pittsburgh. Kaufmann had been introduced to Wright by his son, Edgar, in 1934, when…

Jonas Kaufmann is a German opera tenor renowned for his extraordinary technique, his versatility as a performer of German, French, and Italian repertoire, and his charismatic projection of a range of emotions. Kaufmann was raised in a family of music lovers but not of professional musicians. His

Konstantin Petrovich Kaufmann was a general who conquered vast territories in Central Asia for the Russian Empire and ruled Russian Turkistan for two decades. Having been trained as an engineer, Kaufmann served in the Caucasus in the early years of his military career (1840s), commanded a sappers’

biblical literature: The modern period: Yehezkel Kaufmann (1890–1963) produced the encyclopaedic History of Israelite Religion from Its Beginnings to the End of the Second Temple (8 vol., 1937–56) in Hebrew that pursues a path involving a radical revision of current biblical criticism and interpretation. Mosheh Zevi Hirsh Segal (died 1968)…

Kamehameha III was the king of Hawaii from 1825 to 1854, and the brother of Kamehameha II. Only 10 years of age when he succeeded to the throne, he was initially under the regency of Kamehameha I’s favourite wife, Kaahumanu, who had been regent ever since Kamehameha II had visited England in 1824

Baltic religion: Forest and agricultural deities: …cared for by the Latvian Mājas gars (“Spirit of the House”; Lithuanian Kaukas), which lives in the hearth. Similarly, other farm buildings have their own patrons—Latvian Pirts māte (“Mother of the Bathhouse”) and Rijas māte (“Mother of the Threshing House”); Lithuanian Gabjauja.

The Caucasian Chalk Circle, a play consisting of a prologue and five scenes by Bertolt Brecht, first produced in English in 1948 and in German as Der kaukasische Kreidekreis in 1949. The work is based on the German writer Klabund’s play Der Kreidekreis (1924), itself a translation and adaptation of

Kaukauveld, westward extension of the Kalahari (desert) in Namibia and extreme northwestern Botswana, locally called the omaheke (sandveld). It has an area of about 32,000 square miles (83,000 square km), lies east of the town of Grootfontein, and is bordered on the north and south by two

Jefferson Airplane: January 28, 2016, San Francisco) Jorma Kaukonen (b. December 23, 1940, Washington, D.C., U.S.) Signe Anderson (b. September 15, 1941, Seattle, Washington, U.S.—d. January 28, 2016, Beaverton, Oregon) Skip Spence (b. April 18, 1946, Ontario, Canada—d. April 16, 1999, Santa Cruz, California, U.S.)

Bollywood: Parallel cinema: …led by directors such as Mani Kaul (Uski Roti [1969; “Another’s Bread”], Duvidha [1973; “Dilemma”]), Shyam Benegal (Ankur [1974; “Seedling”], Nishant [1975; “Night’s End”], Bhumika [1977; “Role”]), and Govind Nihalani (Aakrosh [1980; “Outrage”], Ardh Satya [1983; “Half Truth”]). Operating on small budgets precluded the casting of stars

Kollam, port city, southern Kerala state, southwestern India. It lies on the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea northwest of Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital. The city is situated next to Asthamudi Lake, an inlet of the sea, and is linked with Alappuzha and Kochi (Cochin) to the north by a

Wilhelm von Kaulbach was a painter, illustrator, and muralist associated with the German Romantic movement. From 1822 Kaulbach studied under Peter von Cornelius at the Düsseldorf Academy. When Cornelius became director of the academy in Munich in 1824, he brought Kaulbach to Munich. Kaulbach

Wilhelm von Kaulbach was a painter, illustrator, and muralist associated with the German Romantic movement. From 1822 Kaulbach studied under Peter von Cornelius at the Düsseldorf Academy. When Cornelius became director of the academy in Munich in 1824, he brought Kaulbach to Munich. Kaulbach

Kowloon Peninsula, part of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, southeastern China, that was returned to China with the handover of Hong Kong from the British in 1997. It constitutes the Chinese mainland portion of the Hong Kong region and is located north of Hong Kong Island and east of

Kowloon Peninsula, part of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, southeastern China, that was returned to China with the handover of Hong Kong from the British in 1997. It constitutes the Chinese mainland portion of the Hong Kong region and is located north of Hong Kong Island and east of

Saptamatrika: Maheshvari (wife of Shiva), Kaumari (wife of Kumara), Vaishnavi (wife of Vishnu), Varahi (wife of Varaha, or the boar, an avatar [incarnation] of Vishnu), Indrani (wife of Indra), and Chamunda, or Yami (wife of Yama). One text, the

Amitabh Bachchan: TV career: …hosted the television game show Kaun Banega Crorepati (KBC), the Indian version of the American and British hit Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? His easygoing nature and charisma helped make the show one of India’s top television programs. The KBC years were a major factor in the revival of…

dress: Mesopotamia: Named kaunakes by the Greeks, this tufted fabric is shown in all the sculptures and mosaics of the period, as, for example, in the art from the excavations at Ur exhibited in the British Museum in London. At this time, also, long cloaks were worn, and…

Kaunas, town, southern Lithuania. It lies at the head of navigation on the Neman (Lithuanian Nemunas) River, there joined by the tributary Viliya (Lithuanian Neris) River. Founded as a fortress in 1030, Kaunas became a town in 1317 and received its charter of self-government in 1408. It was

Yangiyul, city, Uzbekistan. The city lies in the middle of the Tashkent oasis. Formerly a village on the site of the ancient settlement of Kaunchi-Tepe, it developed between World Wars I and II because of its proximity to Tashkent and its situation on the Tashkent–Samarkand railway and Great Uzbek

Kenneth Kaunda was a politician who led Zambia to independence in 1964 and served as that country’s president until 1991. Kaunda’s father, who was from Nyasaland (now Malawi), was a schoolteacher; his mother, also a teacher, was the first African woman to teach in colonial Zambia. Both taught among

Kenneth Kaunda was a politician who led Zambia to independence in 1964 and served as that country’s president until 1991. Kaunda’s father, who was from Nyasaland (now Malawi), was a schoolteacher; his mother, also a teacher, was the first African woman to teach in colonial Zambia. Both taught among

Klemens von Metternich: Early life: In September 1795 Metternich married Eleonore, Gräfin von Kaunitz, heiress and granddaughter of the former Austrian state chancellor Wenzel Anton, Graf von Kaunitz. That marriage gave him the link with the high nobility of Austria and the access to high office he had long desired. After having represented the Roman…

Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz was an Austrian state chancellor during the eventful decades from the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) to the beginning of the coalition wars against Revolutionary France (1792). Kaunitz was responsible for the foreign policy of the Habsburg monarchy, and he served as principal

Trondheim, historic port, central Norway. It lies on a sheltered peninsula on the southern shore of the deeply indented Trondheims Fjord at the mouth of the Nidelva (river), 23 miles (37 km) southeast of the Norwegian Sea. It was founded in 997 by King Olaf I Tryggvason as the village of Kaupangr;

28 Notable Women Cricketers: Harmanpreet Kaur: Harmanpreet Kaur debuted for India in 2009 but is best remembered for an unbeaten innings of 171, which helped underdogs India beat Australia to reach the final of the 2017 women’s ODI World Cup. The knock made her a household name in India…

Kaura Namoda, town, Zamfara state, northern Nigeria, on the Gagere River (a tributary of the Rima). Originally a small settlement of Maguzawas (an animistic Hausa people), it was ruled by the kings of Zamfara, one of the banza bakwai (“the seven illegitimate states” of the Hausa people), whose

Mahabharata: …as the grandfather of the Kauravas and the Pandavas. The date and even the historical occurrence of the war that is the central event of the Mahabharata are much debated.

kauri pine, (Agathis australis), a resinous timber conifer of the family Araucariaceae, native to the North Island of New Zealand. The tree sometimes reaches 45 metres (150 feet) in height, with a diameter up to 7 m (23 ft). Kauri resin, obtained from this and other Agathis species, is an

Ghaghara River, major left-bank tributary of the Ganges River. It rises as the Karnali River (Chinese: Kongque He) in the high Himalayas of southern Tibet Autonomous Region, China, and flows southeast through Nepal. Cutting southward across the Siwalik Range, it splits into two branches that rejoin

History of film: European cinema: …Portugal, Théo Angelopoulos of Greece, Aki Kaurismäki of Finland, and Nanni Moretti of Italy. Almodóvar, who had broken sexual taboos in his early work, entered a mature period of great human subtlety and complexity in the 1990s and 2000s with such works as La flor de mi secreto (1995; The…

Arabia: Climate of Arabia: …shamāl is the less frequent qaws from the southeast. The wind regimes of Najd and the Rubʿ al-Khali are complex, particularly during spring. The winds may come from any point of the compass and vary in intensity from zephyr to gale.

Sagittarius: The brightest star is Kaus Australis (from the Arabic for “bow” and the Latin for “southern,” respectively; it is also called Epsilon Sagittarii), with a magnitude of 1.9. Many of the stars are arranged in the prominent asterism called the Teapot.

India: Location: …been moved from Hastinapura to Kaushambi when the former was devastated by a great flood, which excavations show to have occurred about the 9th century bce. The Mallas lived in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Avanti arose in the Ujjain-Narmada valley region, with its capital at Mahishmati; during the reign of King…

Kali, in Hinduism, goddess of time, doomsday, and death, or the black goddess (the feminine form of Sanskrit kala, “time-doomsday-death” or “black”). Kali’s origins can be traced to the deities of the village, tribal, and mountain cultures of South Asia who were gradually appropriated and

communitarianism: Varieties of communitarianism: Fox and the Singaporean diplomat Bilahari Kausikan.

Western architecture: Second period, after 313 ce: Near this city at Kaussich are preserved the foundations of a cruciform church, built between 378 and the end of the 4th century; it served both the normal cult and the commemoration of three martyrs whose sarcophagi were found in the transept.

Chanakya was a Hindu statesman and philosopher who wrote a classic treatise on polity, Artha-shastra (“The Science of Material Gain”), a compilation of almost everything that had been written in India up to his time regarding artha (property, economics, or material success). He was born into a

Helmut Käutner was a German film director, actor, and screenwriter who was acclaimed as one of the most intelligent and humanistic directors of the Third Reich. Although the quality of his work was uneven, attributed partially to poor working conditions, he remains a leading figure in German

Karl Kautsky was a Marxist theorist and a leader of the German Social Democratic Party. After the death of Friedrich Engels in 1895, Kautsky inherited the role of the intellectual and political conscience of German Marxism. Having joined the Austrian Social Democrats while a student at the

kava, nonalcoholic euphoria-producing beverage made from the root of the pepper plant, principally Piper methysticum, in most of the South Pacific islands. It is yellow-green in colour and somewhat bitter. The primary active ingredients of kava are known as kavalactones; other substances, including

Kavadh I was the king of the Sāsānian empire of Persia. He reigned from 488–496 and again from 498/499–531. He was a son of Fīrūz and succeeded Fīrūz’ brother Balāsh as ruler. Time spent in youth as a hostage in the hands of the Hephthalites after their first defeat of his father gave Kavadh

ancient Iran: Conflicts with the Turks and Byzantium: …and slain by his son Kavadh (Qobād) II (628). When Kavadh died a few months later, anarchy resulted. After a succession of short-time rulers, Yazdegerd III, grandson of Khosrow II, came to the throne in 632.

Constantine P. Cavafy was a Greek poet who developed his own consciously individual style and thus became one of the most important figures not only in Greek poetry but in Western poetry as well. He lived most of his life in Alexandria, Egypt, loved English and French literature, and generally

Kavála, commercial town and seaport, periféreia (region) of East Macedonia and Thrace (Modern Greek: Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thrakí), northeastern Greece. It lies along the Gulf of Kaválas in the northern Aegean Sea. Since 1924 it has been the seat of the metropolitan bishop of Fílippoi (ancient

Magnus Carlsen: …and led American chess player Lubomir Kavalek to dub him the “Mozart of chess.” In March of the same year, at a blitz chess tournament (where the game is played at a much faster pace than normal) in Reykjavík, Iceland, he defeated former world champion Anatoly Karpov and drew a…

Kavála, commercial town and seaport, periféreia (region) of East Macedonia and Thrace (Modern Greek: Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thrakí), northeastern Greece. It lies along the Gulf of Kaválas in the northern Aegean Sea. Since 1924 it has been the seat of the metropolitan bishop of Fílippoi (ancient

Anna Kavan was a British novelist and short-story writer known for her semiautobiographical surreal fiction dealing with the themes of mental breakdown and self-destruction. She was born into a wealthy family and traveled widely as a child. Under the name Helen Ferguson she wrote six novels, most

Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass: …character in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s Kavanagh (1849), “a national literature altogether shaggy and unshorn, that shall shake the earth, like a herd of buffaloes thundering over the prairies.” With the same fervour, Whitman declared in his 1855 preface, “Here are the roughs and beards and space and ruggedness and nonchalance…

Julian Barnes is a British critic and author of inventive and intellectual novels about obsessed characters curious about the past. His most well-known novel is the award-winning The Sense of an Ending (2011). He has also published many works of literary criticism and essay collections. Barnes

Patrick Kavanagh was a poet whose long poem The Great Hunger put him in the front rank of modern Irish poets. Kavanagh was self-educated and worked for a while on a farm in his home county, which provided the setting for a novel, Tarry Flynn (1948), which later was dramatized and presented at the

Brett Kavanaugh is an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court who was nominated by Pres. Donald Trump and confirmed in 2018 after bruising hearings that included allegations of excessive drinking and sexual misconduct. Kavanaugh is the only child of Everett Edward Kavanaugh, Jr., a lobbyist for

Brett Kavanaugh is an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court who was nominated by Pres. Donald Trump and confirmed in 2018 after bruising hearings that included allegations of excessive drinking and sexual misconduct. Kavanaugh is the only child of Everett Edward Kavanaugh, Jr., a lobbyist for

Kavango: The Bantu-speaking Kavango people, who are the main inhabitants of the area, comprise six different tribes. They practice dryland cultivation of cereals, as the irrigation potential of the river has not been utilized. Some cattle are also raised. The western part of the Caprivi Strip is inhabited…

Kavango, geographic region, northeastern Namibia. It is separated mostly by the Okavango River from Angola on the north, includes the western part of Namibia’s Caprivi Strip to the northeast, and is bounded by Botswana on the southeast and by the Owambo (Ovamboland) region on the west. Kavango

Kavaratti: island, capital of Lakshadweep union territory, India. Kavaratti lies in the Arabian Sea about 215 miles (345 km) west-southwest of Kozhikode (Calicut) and the Malabar Coast of southern India.

Kavaratti, town and island, capital of Lakshadweep union territory, India. Kavaratti lies in the Arabian Sea about 215 miles (345 km) west-southwest of Kozhikode (Calicut) and the Malabar Coast of southern India. The island is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long and tapers to a point at one end from a maximum

dragoman: …an interpreter-courier known as a kavass (Turkish kavas; Arabic qawwās), used largely for ceremonial purposes.

dragoman: …an interpreter-courier known as a kavass (Turkish kavas; Arabic qawwās), used largely for ceremonial purposes.

Eeva Liisa Manner: In a collection of essays, Kävelymusiikkia pienille virahevoille (1957; “Promenade Music for Small Hippopotamuses”), she pointed to Chinese Taoism as an example of balance between rigid organization and chaos. Oriental philosophy also plays a part in Orfiset laulut (1960; “Orphic Hymns”), which is otherwise characterized by a feeling of doom.…

Kaveri River, sacred river of southern India. It rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats in southwestern Karnataka state, flows in a southeasterly direction for 475 miles (765 km) through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, and descends the Eastern Ghats in a series of great falls. Before

Tamilnad Uplands: The Kaveri (Cauvery), Palar, Vaigai, Tambraparni, and Periyar rivers flow from west to east and drain into the Bay of Bengal. The Kaveri and its tributaries have diversified the terrain, by erosion, into the Tamil Nadu Hills, the Coimbatore-Madurai Uplands, and the middle Kaveri valley. The…

ancient Iranian religion: Origin and historical development: …of eastern Iranian kings, the kavis, the last of whom was Zarathustra’s patron Vishtāspa (Greek Hystapes), the only historical information on the relation of religion to political authority comes from the Achaemenian period in western Iran. The ideology of kingship was closely tied to the supreme deity, Ahura Mazdā, through…

West Bengal: Cultural life: The kavi is an impromptu duel in musical verse between village poets. The kathakata, a religious recital, is another traditional form of rural entertainment, based on folklore.

Islamic arts: Persian literatures: There they established the Kaviani Press (named after a mythical blacksmith called Kaveh, who had saved the Iranian kingdom), and among the poems they printed were several by ʿĀref Qazvīnī (died 1934), one of the first truly modern writers. They also published the first short stories of Muhammad ʿAli…