Afghanistan: Prehistory: Caves near Āq Kupruk yielded evidence of an early Neolithic (New Stone Age) culture (c. 9000–6000 bce) based on domesticated animals. Archaeological research since World War II has revealed Bronze Age sites, dating both before and after the Indus civilization of the 3rd to the 2nd millennium…

Ismail Kadare: …Albanian history are Kështjella (1970; The Castle or The Siege), a recounting of the armed resistance of the Albanian people against the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century, and Dimri i madh (1977; “The Great Winter”), which depicts the events that produced the break between Albania and the Soviet Union…

kesi, Chinese silk tapestry woven in a pictorial design. The designation kesi, which means “cut silk,” derives from the visual illusion of cut threads that is created by distinct, unblended areas of colour. The earliest surviving examples of kesi date from the Tang dynasty (618–907), but it first

Bronx, one of the five boroughs of New York City, southeastern New York, U.S., coextensive with Bronx county, formed in 1912. The Bronx is the northernmost of the city’s boroughs. It is separated from Manhattan (to the south and west) by the narrow Harlem River and is further bordered by

Sikhism: Sects: …the command really stands for keski, which means a small turban that is normally worn under the main turban. In this group, men and women must wear this variety of turban. The group is strict in its beliefs, attaching great importance to kirtan, or the singing of hymns, and frequently…

Indian National Congress: The party since 1991: …was succeeded as president by Sitaram Kesri, the party’s first non-Brahmin leader.

Albert Kesselring was a field marshal who, as German commander in chief, south, became one of Adolf Hitler’s top defensive strategists during World War II. The son of a town education officer, Kesselring joined the army as a cadet in 1904. After serving in World War I and remaining in the army

blitzkrieg: Blitzkrieg in principle: …commence, using the concept of Kesselschlacht (“cauldron battle”). A frontal attack would immobilize the enemy while forces on the flanks would execute a double envelopment, forming a pocket called a Kessel (“cauldron”) around the enemy. Once surrounded, the opposing army, demoralized and with no chance of escape, would face the…

space debris: …a chain reaction (called the Kessler syndrome after American scientist Donald Kessler) in which the resulting space debris would destroy other satellites and so on, with low Earth orbit eventually becoming unusable. To forestall such a debris buildup, space agencies have begun taking steps to mitigate the problem, such as…

space debris: …Kessler syndrome after American scientist Donald Kessler) in which the resulting space debris would destroy other satellites and so on, with low Earth orbit eventually becoming unusable. To forestall such a debris buildup, space agencies have begun taking steps to mitigate the problem, such as burning up all the fuel…

graphic design: The digital revolution: …postage stamp from 1998, designers Ethel Kessler and Greg Berger digitally montaged John Singer Sargent’s portrait of Frederick Law Olmsted with a photograph of New York’s Central Park, a site plan, and botanical art to commemorate the landscape architect. Together these images evoke a rich expression of Olmsted’s life and…

Helen Keller International: In 1915 the American merchant George Kessler and his wife, Cora Parsons Kessler, organized in Paris the British, French, and Belgian Permanent Relief War Fund. George Kessler had been aboard the Lusitania when it was sunk by a German torpedo. As a survivor, he vowed to help veterans in some…

typography: The private-press movement: …Cranach, conducted at Weimar by Count Harry Kessler. It produced editions of the classics and of German and English literature illustrated by artists such as Aristide Maillol, Eric Gill, and Gordon Craig and printed with types by Emery Walker and Edward Johnston on paper made by hand in France. Kessler’s…

Henry Howard Kessler was an American orthopedic surgeon and medical administrator who was instrumental in the development of rehabilitative services for people with physical disabilities. A graduate of Cornell University Medical School in 1919, Kessler was inspired to become an orthopedic surgeon

Joe Calzaghe: …a decision over Danish boxer Mikkel Kessler, adding Kessler’s World Boxing Council (WBC) and World Boxing Association (WBA) titles to his own WBO and IBF championships. Calzaghe made his American debut in April 2008, winning a split decision over former undisputed middleweight champion Bernard Hopkins. In November 2008 he won…

Parts of Kesteven, formerly one of the three separately administered divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire, England. It now forms two county districts: North Kesteven and South Kesteven. Both are part of the administrative county of Lincolnshire. They are profoundly rural in character;

Parts of Kesteven, formerly one of the three separately administered divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire, England. It now forms two county districts: North Kesteven and South Kesteven. Both are part of the administrative county of Lincolnshire. They are profoundly rural in character;

Charlotte von Stein: …by Goethe’s earlier attachment to Charlotte Buff.

kestrel, any of several small birds of prey of the genus Falco (family Falconidae) known for their habit of hovering while hunting. Kestrels prey on large insects, birds, and small mammals. They exhibit sexual colour dimorphism, rare among hawks: the male is the more colourful. Kestrels are mainly

Kęstutis was the grand duke of Lithuania (1381–82) who defended his country’s western borders against the Teutonic Knights. Kęstutis was one of the seven sons of Gediminas, the grand duke of Lithuania (reigned 1316–41), who had built that nation into a powerful east European empire. Kęstutis fought

Keswick, town (parish), Allerdale district, administrative county of Cumbria, historic county of Cumberland, northwestern England. It lies at the north end of the Derwent Water (lake), below the peak of Skiddaw. Keswick is the main transportation focus, tourist resort, and shopping centre of the

Lake Balaton: …in the extensive reedbeds near Keszthely, where rare water birds nest. The southern border of the lake is very fertile, and the volcanic soils to the northwest form the basis of a noted wine-growing region.

Ket, indigenous people of central Siberia who live in the Yenisey River basin; in the late 20th century they numbered about 500. Certain traits of the Ket suggest a southerly origin. Their language, Ket, is the last true survivor of the Yeniseian group spoken in the area. Usually classed as

Ket language, one of two surviving members of the Yeniseian family of languages spoken by about 500 people living in central Siberia. (The other, a moribund close relative called Yug [Yugh], or Sym, is sometimes considered a dialect of Ket.) The Yeniseian languages are not known to be related to

Ob River: Physiography: …the Parabel (both left), the Ket (right), the Vasyugan (left), and the Tym and Vakh rivers (both right). Down to the Vasyugan confluence the river passes through the southern belt of the taiga, thereafter entering the middle belt. Below the Vakh confluence the middle Ob changes its course from northwesterly…

Robert Ket: …which was afterwards known as Ket’s Rebellion. He was either a tanner or, more probably, a small landowner.

Robert Ket was an English leader of the Norfolk rising of 1549, which was afterwards known as Ket’s Rebellion. He was either a tanner or, more probably, a small landowner. The rising seems to have originated in a quarrel between the people of Wymondham, in Norfolk, and a certain Flowerdew and was

Keta, town, southeastern Ghana. It lies on the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean, near the mouth of the Volta River. It is built on a sandspit separating the Atlantic from the Keta Lagoon. Before the arrival of Europeans in the 15th century, the area was part of the African kingdom of Anlo. The

ketamine, general anesthetic agent related structurally to the hallucinogen phencyclidine (PCP). Ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 at Parke Davis Laboratories by American scientist Calvin Stevens, who was searching for a new anesthetic to replace PCP, which was not suitable for use in humans

Jack Ketch was an English executioner notorious for his barbarous inefficiency; for nearly two centuries after his death his nickname was popularly applied to all of England’s executioners. Ketch is believed to have received his appointment as public hangman in 1663. The first recorded mention of

Jack Ketch was an English executioner notorious for his barbarous inefficiency; for nearly two centuries after his death his nickname was popularly applied to all of England’s executioners. Ketch is believed to have received his appointment as public hangman in 1663. The first recorded mention of

Stanley Ketchel was an American professional boxer, considered by some boxing historians to be the greatest fighter in the history of the middleweight division. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Upon the death of his parents, Ketchel left Michigan and began riding boxcars to the

Ketchikan, city, port of entry, southeastern Alaska, U.S. Situated on southwestern Revillagigedo Island and part of the Alexander Archipelago, it lies 235 miles (380 km) south of Juneau. The site was originally a fishing settlement for the Tongass and Cape Fox Tlingit Indians, who named a creek in

ketubba, formal Jewish marriage contract written in Aramaic and guaranteeing a bride certain future rights before her marriage. Since Jewish religious law permits a man to divorce his wife at any time for any reason, the ketubba was introduced in ancient times to protect a woman’s rights and to

ketchup, seasoned pureed condiment widely used in the United States and Great Britain. The origin of the word ketchup is not entirely clear; the word likely derives from the Chinese ke-tsiap, a fish brine, probably by way of the Malaysian ketjap. The Heinz company first began selling its famed

Keteleeria, genus in the family Pinaceae, containing three to seven species of coniferous evergreen trees, native to Southeast Asia. The trees resemble true firs (members of the genus Abies) but have clusters of 5 to 10 male reproductive structures on short, scaly stalks; spine-tipped leaves on

ketene, any of a class of organic compounds containing the functional grouping C=C=O; the most important member of the class being ketene itself, CH2=C=O, which is used in the manufacture of acetic anhydride and other industrial organic chemicals. The name suggests that ketenes are unsaturated

Ibn Gabirol: Poetry: …famed rhymed prose poem “Keter malkhut” (“The Crown of the Kingdom”), a meditation stating the measurements of the spheres of the universe, jolts the reader into the abject feeling of his smallness but, subsequently, builds him up by a proclamation of the divine grace.

Aaron ben Elijah: The third book, Keter Torah (1362; “Crown of Law”), is a commentary on the Pentateuch, based on literal interpretations of the text.

Southeast Asian arts: Balinese dance-drama: In the ketjak, or monkey dance, as many as 150 village men, sitting in concentric circles around a flaming lamp, chant and gesticulate in unison until, in trance, they appear to have become ecstatically possessed by the spirits of monkeys. This performance, however, has no ritual function…

fish sauce, in Southeast Asian cookery, a liquid seasoning prepared by fermenting freshwater or saltwater fish with salt in large vats. After a few months time the resulting brownish, protein-rich liquid is drawn off and bottled. It is sometimes allowed to mature in the sun in glass or earthenware

Tien Shan: Physiography: …(6,811 metres), and the isolated Ketpen (Ketmen) Range, which rises to an elevation of 11,936 feet (3,474 metres) in the central part of the depression.

carboxylic acid: Hydroxy and keto acids: The 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-hydroxycarboxylic acids all lose water upon heating, although the products are not the same. The 2-hydroxy acids form cyclic dimeric esters (formed by the esterification of two molecules of the acid) called lactides, whereas the 3- and 4-hydroxy…

ketogenic diet, dietary regime that eliminates or severely limits carbohydrates in favour of proteins and fats as a stimulus for weight loss. Ketosis is a metabolic condition in which the human body uses ketones, chemical compounds produced by amino acids such as leucine and tyrosine, in place of

acid–base reaction: Keto–enol tautomerism, acid- and base-catalyzed: Acids and bases both bring about the establishment of an equilibrium between ketones (or aldehydes) and their enol forms, which contain a hydroxyl group directly attached to a doubly bonded carbon atom:

acid–base reaction: Keto–enol tautomerism, acid- and base-catalyzed: Acids and bases both bring about the establishment of an equilibrium between ketones (or aldehydes) and their enol forms, which contain a hydroxyl group directly attached to a doubly bonded carbon atom:

diabetes mellitus: Treatment: Untreated diabetes leads to ketoacidosis, the accumulation of ketones (products of fat breakdown) and acid in the blood. Continued buildup of these products of disordered carbohydrate and fat metabolism result in nausea and vomiting, and eventually the patient goes into a diabetic coma.

metabolism: Fragmentation of fatty acyl coenzyme A molecules: The product is called a β-ketoacyl coenzyme A.

metabolism: Fatty acids: …the reaction is catalyzed by β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase. Reduced NADP+ is the electron donor, however, and not reduced NAD+ (which would participate in the reversal of reaction [24]). NADP− is thus a product in [65].

metabolism: Fatty acids: …in a reaction catalyzed by β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase so that the acetyl moiety (CH3CO―) is transferred to the malonyl moiety (−OOCH2CO―). Simultaneously, the carbon dioxide fixed in step [62] is lost, leaving as a product a four-carbon moiety attached to ACP and called acetoacetyl-S-ACP (reaction [64]).

ketoconazole, antifungal drug used to treat skin and bodily infections caused by various types of fungi. Ketoconazole mainly targets yeasts, such as Candida, which infect the skin, and dermatophytes, such as species of Trichophyton and Microsporum, which infect keratinized tissues, such as skin,

electronic instrument: The electronic music synthesizer: …built by the Italian engineer Paolo Ketoff in 1962, was designed for live performance of experimental music. It had three small, closely spaced, touch-sensitive keyboards, each of which controlled a single tone. Its foremost exponent was John Eaton, who concertized widely on his Synket throughout the 1960s and ’70s, performing…

ketogenic diet, dietary regime that eliminates or severely limits carbohydrates in favour of proteins and fats as a stimulus for weight loss. Ketosis is a metabolic condition in which the human body uses ketones, chemical compounds produced by amino acids such as leucine and tyrosine, in place of

ketone, any of a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group in which the carbon atom is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom. The remaining two bonds are to other carbon atoms or hydrocarbon radicals (R): Ketone compounds have important physiological properties.

Southeast Asian arts: Ketoprak and ludruk: Two other types of popular theatre, ketoprak and ludruk, were performed in Java by 150 to 200 professional troupes. Ketoprak, created by a Surakarta court official in 1914, evolved into a spoken drama of Javanese and Islamic history in which the clown…

ketosis, metabolic disorder marked by high levels of ketones in the tissues and body fluids, including blood and urine. With starvation or fasting, there is less sugar than normal in the blood and less glycogen (the storage form of sugar) in the cells of the body, especially the liver cells; fat

Benin: Relief: …750 feet high, and the Kétou plateau is up to 500 feet in height.

amine: Occurrence and sources of amines: …Beckmann rearrangement, by which a ketoxime, R2C=NOH, is rearranged to an amide, RCONHR, can be used to prepare primary amines when followed by hydrolysis.

Tien Shan: Physiography: …(6,811 metres), and the isolated Ketpen (Ketmen) Range, which rises to an elevation of 11,936 feet (3,474 metres) in the central part of the depression.

Robert Ket was an English leader of the Norfolk rising of 1549, which was afterwards known as Ket’s Rebellion. He was either a tanner or, more probably, a small landowner. The rising seems to have originated in a quarrel between the people of Wymondham, in Norfolk, and a certain Flowerdew and was

Wilhelm Emmanuel, baron von Ketteler was a social reformer who was considered by some to have been Germany’s outstanding 19th-century Roman Catholic bishop. Ordained a priest in 1844 and appointed bishop of Mainz in 1850, Ketteler attracted national attention by his sermons and writings. He was

Kettering, city, Montgomery county, southwestern Ohio, U.S. It lies immediately south of Dayton, in the Miami River valley. Stone quarries first attracted settlers to the site, which was organized in 1841 as Van Buren township. In 1952 it was incorporated as a village and renamed for the industrial

Kettering: Kettering, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Northamptonshire, England. From the 17th century Kettering was a centre for the production of woolen cloth and later of silk and plush. Since the Industrial Revolution, however, the town has been associated, like all its…

Kettering, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Northamptonshire, England. From the 17th century Kettering was a centre for the production of woolen cloth and later of silk and plush. Since the Industrial Revolution, however, the town has been associated, like all its

Charles F. Kettering was an American engineer whose inventions, which included the electric starter, were instrumental in the evolution of the modern automobile. In 1904 Kettering began working for the National Cash Register Company in Dayton, where he developed the first electric cash register. He

Charles F. Kettering was an American engineer whose inventions, which included the electric starter, were instrumental in the evolution of the modern automobile. In 1904 Kettering began working for the National Cash Register Company in Dayton, where he developed the first electric cash register. He

Wolfgang Ketterle is a German-born physicist who, with Eric A. Cornell and Carl E. Wieman, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2001 for creating a new ultracold state of matter, the so-called Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). In 1986 Ketterle received a Ph.D. from the University of Munich and the Max

kettle, in geology, depression in a glacial outwash drift made by the melting of a detached mass of glacial ice that became wholly or partly buried. The occurrence of these stranded ice masses is thought to be the result of gradual accumulation of outwash atop the irregular glacier terminus.

Washington: During the American Revolution the Battle of Kettle Creek (February 14, 1779), which was fought nearby, disrupted the British plans to recapture Georgia. The last Cabinet meeting of the Confederacy was held there on May 5, 1865, at the end of the American Civil War. Local residents, who call the…

kettle gong, percussion instrument of the Bronze Age cultures of China, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia. It was used mainly in rainmaking rites. Some kettle gongs from northern Vietnam are dated between the 5th and 3rd centuries bc. When played, they are suspended so that the striking surface (the

kettle, in geology, depression in a glacial outwash drift made by the melting of a detached mass of glacial ice that became wholly or partly buried. The occurrence of these stranded ice masses is thought to be the result of gradual accumulation of outwash atop the irregular glacier terminus.

kettle: …with water they are called kettle lakes. Most kettles are circular in shape because melting blocks of ice tend to become rounded; distorted or branching depressions may result from extremely irregular ice masses.

liquid crystal: Liquid crystal compounds: …a lamellar phase, also called neat soap. In this case it is important to recognize that soap molecules have a dual chemical nature. One end of the molecule (the hydrocarbon tail) is attracted to oil, while the other end (the polar head) attaches itself to water. When soap is placed…

kettledrum, percussion instrument in which a membrane is stretched over a hemispheric or similar-shaped shell and held taut, usually by a hoop with rope lacings, adjusting screws, or various mechanical devices; in some varieties the lacings may pierce the skin directly or the membrane may be tied

ketubba, formal Jewish marriage contract written in Aramaic and guaranteeing a bride certain future rights before her marriage. Since Jewish religious law permits a man to divorce his wife at any time for any reason, the ketubba was introduced in ancient times to protect a woman’s rights and to

ketubba, formal Jewish marriage contract written in Aramaic and guaranteeing a bride certain future rights before her marriage. Since Jewish religious law permits a man to divorce his wife at any time for any reason, the ketubba was introduced in ancient times to protect a woman’s rights and to

Toungoo, town, south-central Myanmar (Burma). Located on the right bank of the Sittang River, it was founded as Ketumadi in 1510 by King Minkyinyo and was capital of the Toungoo dynasty until 1540, when the seat of government was moved to Pegu (Bago), 125 miles (200 km) south. Parts of the old moat

fish owl: The brown fish owl (Ketupa zeylonensis), which has a body length of 48 to 58 cm (18.9 to 22.8 inches) and is known for its prominent golden yellow eyes, ranges from the eastern Mediterranean to India and Southeast Asia. The tawny fish owl (K. flavipes), which…

Ketuvim, the third division of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament. Divided into four sections, the Ketuvim include: poetical books (Psalms, Proverbs, and Job), the Megillot, or Scrolls (Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Ecclesiastes, and Esther), prophecy (Daniel), and history (Ezra,

Cornelius Johnson was a Baroque painter, considered the most important native English portraitist of the early 17th century. Johnson was the son of Dutch parents living in London. He was patronized by James I and Charles I but seems to have lost his popularity with the court when Van Dyck went to

geochronology: Completion of the Phanerozoic time scale: …the Muschelkalk Limestone, and the Keuper Marls and Clays, as constituting the Trias or Triassic System.

history of the Low Countries: Town opposition to the prince: …laws; this legislative right (the keurrecht) was in most towns originally restricted to the control of prices and standards in the markets and shops but was gradually extended to cover civil and criminal law. The extent of a man’s obligation to serve in the prince’s armed forces was often fixed…

particle accelerator: Accelerating particles: …above 10,000 eV, or 10 kiloelectron volts (keV). Many particle accelerators reach much higher energies, measured in megaelectron volts (MeV, or million eV), gigaelectron volts (GeV, or billion eV), or teraelectron volts (TeV, or trillion eV).

Hevajra, in northern Buddhism, a fierce protective deity, the yab-yum (in union with his female consort, Nairatmya) form of the fierce protective deity Heruka. Hevajra is a popular deity in Tibet, where he belongs to the yi-dam (tutelary, or guardian, deity) class. His worship is the subject of the

Saint Kevin ; feast day June 3) was one of the patron saints of Dublin and the founder of the monastery of Glendalough. The earliest life (10th/11th century?) states that Kevin was born into the royal line of the ancient Irish kingdom of Leinster and chose as a young man to become a hermit in

Kevlar, trademarked name of poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide, a nylonlike polymer first produced by Du Pont in 1971. Kevlar can be made into strong, tough, stiff, high-melting fibres, five times stronger per weight than steel; it is used in radial tires, heat- or flame-resistant fabrics,

Joseph ben Shem Tov ibn Shem Tov: …best exemplified by his influential Kevod Elohim (written 1442; “The Glory of God”). Here he expounded his belief that answers sought through philosophical inquiry can be valuable in one’s quest for religious knowledge and that even religious principles should be subjected to such inquiry. Although as a philosopher he advocated…

Jack Kevorkian was an American physician who gained international attention through his assistance in the suicides of more than 100 patients, many of whom were terminally ill. Jack Kevorkian attended the University of Michigan and in 1952 graduated from the University of Michigan Medical School.

Kew Gardens: …of the institution is the Kew Bulletin (issued quarterly). The Index Kewensis, which is edited at Kew, maintains a record of all described higher plant species of the world from the time of Linnaeus.

Virginia Woolf: Early fiction: …with Vanessa Bell’s illustrations, Virginia’s Kew Gardens (1919), a story organized, like a Post-Impressionistic painting, by pattern. With the Hogarth Press’s emergence as a major publishing house, the Woolfs gradually ceased being their own printers.

Kew Gardens, botanical garden located at Kew, site of a former royal estate in the London borough of Richmond upon Thames. In 2003 Kew Gardens was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. Privately owned gardens were tended at Kew from as early as the 16th century. The site was acquired from the

orangery: …of Versailles in France and Kew House, Greater London.

Kew Gardens: …Seed Bank Project (later the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership) to mitigate the extinction of at-risk and useful plants through seed preservation. Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank is the largest wild plant seed bank in the world. By 2024 it contained about 16 percent of the world’s wild plant species, holding more…

Kewanee, city, Henry county, northwestern Illinois, U.S. It lies about 45 miles (70 km) northwest of Peoria. Potawatomi, Winnebago, Sauk, and Fox Indians were early inhabitants of the area. Kewanee was laid out in 1854 in anticipation of the arrival of the railroad. Some of the early inhabitants

Keweenaw Bay, inlet of southern Lake Superior, indenting for 22 miles (35 km) the coast of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S. The bay narrows from a maximum width of 12 miles (19 km) at its mouth, and it is the eastern outlet for the Keweenaw Waterway, which cuts northward via Portage Lake

Keweenaw Bay: …via Portage Lake through the Keweenaw Peninsula. The villages of Keweenaw Bay, Baraga, and L’Anse lie along the bay, which is popular as a summer resort area and is noted for its fishing. Early explorers, trappers, and missionaries used the site as a campground. L’Anse Reservation, which belongs to the…

Precambrian: Orogenic belts: …was the formation of the Midcontinent (or Keweenawan) rift system that extends southward for more than 2,000 km (about 1,240 miles) from Lake Superior.

Keweenawan System, division of late Precambrian rocks and time in North America (the Precambrian began about 4.6 billion years ago and ended 542 million years ago). Rocks of the Keweenawan System are about 10,700 metres (about 35,000 feet) thick, overlie rocks of the Huronian System, and underlie

wendigo, a mythological cannibalistic monster in the spiritual tradition of North American Algonquian-speaking tribes. It is associated with winter and described as either a fearsome beast that stalks and eats humans or as a spirit that possesses humans, causing them to turn into cannibals. There

Rose Cecil O’Neill: …and highly successful marketing of Kewpie characters and Kewpie dolls.