pandanus: Major species and uses: …has flowers whose essence (called pandanus, or kewra, water) is used as a flavouring in North Indian foods.

keyboard instrument: Evolution from early forms: …to the white and black keys on the modern piano) was only gradually standardized. The arrangement of the keys depended in part on the music played and partly on the current state of musical theory. Thus, early keyboards are reported with only a single raised key in each octave (B♭),…

wind instrument: Flutes and reeds: …was covered by a closed key controlled by the fourth finger of the right hand. (A closed key covers the hole when at rest.)

taxonomy: The objectives of biological classification: …type of classification, called a key, provides as briefly and as reliably as possible the most obvious characteristics useful in identification. Very often they are set out as a dichotomous key with opposing pairs of characters. The butterflies of a region, for example, might first be separated into those with…

key, in music, a system of functionally related chords deriving from the major scale and minor scale, with a central note, called the tonic (or keynote). The central chord is the tonic triad, which is built on the tonic note. Any of the 12 tones of the chromatic scale can serve as the tonic of a

key, in machine construction, a device used to prevent rotation of a machine component, such as a gear or a pulley, relative to the shaft on which it is mounted. A common type of key is a square bar that fits half in a groove (keyway) in the shaft and half in an adjoining keyway in the component.

cay, small, low island, usually sandy, situated on a coral reef platform. Such islands are commonly referred to as keys in Florida and parts of the Caribbean. Sand cays are usually built on the edge of the coral platform, opposite the direction from which the prevailing winds blow. Debris broken

key, in locksmithing, an instrument, usually of metal, by which the bolt of a lock (q.v.) is turned. The Romans invented metal locks and keys and the system of security provided by wards. This system was, for hundreds of years, the only method of ensuring that only the right key would rotate in the

chess: Standard problems: The first move, called the key, is rarely a check or other obvious move in modern problems, as it might be in a study. (See the composition.) In many cases the key is a waiting move—i.e., a nonchecking, noncapturing, and nonattacking move. Problem fans are often players with little or…

box elder: …seed is borne in a samara, or key—i.e., a broad, flat winglike structure. Owing to its quick growth and its drought resistance, the box elder was widely planted for shade by early settlers in the prairie areas of the United States. Maple syrup and sugar are sometimes obtained from the…

information processing: Organization and retrieval of information: …to some characteristic called a key. Such characteristics may be intrinsic properties of the objects (e.g., size, weight, shape, or colour), or they may be assigned from some agreed-upon set, such as object class or date of purchase. The values of the key are arranged in a sorting sequence that…

Vernam-Vigenère cipher: …marks and spaces (a running key) were mingled with the message during encryption to produce what is known as a stream or streaming cipher.

Keegan-Michael Key: Career: …critically acclaimed sketch comedy series, Key and Peele, which aired from 2012 to 2015 and used humor to poke at issues of racial identity, bigotry, and cultural stereotyping. In 2013 Key and Peele received a Peabody Award in recognition for outstanding public service and achievement in electronic media, their award…

marker bed, a bed of rock strata that are readily distinguishable by reason of physical characteristics and are traceable over large horizontal distances. Stratigraphic examples include coal beds and beds of volcanic ash. The term marker bed is also applied to sedimentary strata that provide

printmaking: Colour woodcut: The first, the key block, is generally the one that contains most of the structural or descriptive elements of the design, thus serving as a guide for the disposition of the other colours. After the key block is finished and printed, the print is transferred to the second…

bugle: …1810 Joseph Halliday patented the key bugle, or Royal Kent bugle, with six brass keys (five closed, one open-standing) fitted to the once-coiled bugle to give it a complete diatonic (seven-note) scale. It became a leading solo instrument in military bands until replaced by the cornet. In France it inspired…

Kiwanis International: …organization’s coeducational youth affiliates are Key Club International, for high-school students, and Circle K International, for college students. Kiwanis International’s headquarters are located in Indianapolis, Ind.

Key deer, subspecies of white-tailed deer

metabolism: Fine control: …the synthesis of key (pacemaker) enzymes. It was recognized in the 1950s, largely from work with microorganisms, that pacemaker enzymes can interact with small molecules at more than one site on the surface of the enzyme molecule. The reaction between an enzyme and its substrate—defined as the compound with…

Kai Islands, island group of the southeastern Moluccas, lying west of the Aru Islands and southeast of Ceram (Seram), in the Banda Sea. The group, which forms part of Maluku propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia, includes the Kai Besar (Great Kai), Kai Kecil (Little Kai) and Kai Dulah, and

Florida Keys: Largest of the keys is Key Largo, about 30 miles (50 km) long and formerly known for its plantations of key limes (used to make key lime pies). John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, which contains large living coral formations, is the first undersea park in the United States. It…

Key Largo, American film noir, released in 1948, that is widely considered a classic of the genre. It was directed by John Huston, stars married actors Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, and was loosely based on a 1939 play by Maxwell Anderson. Bogart played against type as Frank McCloud, a cynical

motion-picture technology: Light sources: …a scene is called the key light. The position of the key light has often been conventionalized (e.g., aimed at the actors at an angle 45 degrees off the camera-to-subject axis). Another school of cinematographers prefers source lighting, in the tradition of Renaissance and Old Master paintings; that is, a…

lime: …commercial varieties, though the smaller key lime, or Mexican lime (C. ×aurantifolia), is also economically important in many places. The lime fruit is a key ingredient in certain pickles and chutneys, and lime juice is used to flavour drinks, foods, and confections. Limeade and other lime-flavoured drinks have a flavour…

key lime pie, an American dessert that consists of a graham-cracker or pastry crust, a yellow custard (primarily egg yolks, sweetened condensed milk, and key lime juice), and a topping of either whipped cream or meringue. The sweet and tart pie reportedly originated in Key West, Florida, in the

Key Marco carvings, large group of carvings excavated at Key Marco in southern Florida that provide the finest extant examples of North American Indian wood carving through the 15th century. The coastal mud of the area helped preserve hundreds of perishable artifacts, which were unearthed in 1896

fret, in decorative art and architecture, any one of several types of running or repeated ornament, consisting of lengths of straight lines or narrow bands, usually connected and at right angles to each other in T, L, or square-cornered G shapes, so arranged that the spaces between the lines or

key signature, in musical notation, the arrangement of sharp or flat signs on particular lines and spaces of a musical staff to indicate that the corresponding notes, in every octave, are to be consistently raised (by sharps) or lowered (by flats) from their natural pitches. (The keys of C major

Elliott Coues: His monumental Key to North American Birds (1872) was the first work of its kind to present a taxonomic classification of birds according to an artificial key. Other important works by Coues include A Check List of North American Birds (1873), Field Ornithology (1874), and two monographs:…

Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Major themes and influences: of documents and testimony, A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1853), that she used to prove the truth of her novel’s representation of slavery.

Cleveland: History: …Tower (1985) and the 63-story Key Tower (1991), at the time of its completion the tallest building between New York City and Chicago.

Key West, city, seat (1824) of Monroe county, southwestern Florida, the southernmost city within the continental United States. It lies about 100 miles (160 km) from the mainland on a sand and coral island about 4 miles (6.5 km) long and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide in the western Florida Keys. The name

Phil Karlson: Later films: The crime drama Key Witness (1960) featured Dennis Hopper as a gang leader, and the spy adventure The Secret Ways (1961) starred Richard Widmark as an American mercenary hired to smuggle a famous scholar out of Hungary following the country’s 1956 revolution. Karlson continued to explore new genres…

cryptographic key, Secret value used by a computer together with a complex algorithm to encrypt and decrypt messages. Since confidential messages might be intercepted during transmission or travel over public networks, they require encryption so that they will be meaningless to third parties in

David M. Key was a lawyer and Confederate Army officer who was appointed U.S. postmaster general by Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes in fulfillment of a campaign pledge made by Hayes during the disputed election of 1876. Admitted to the bar in 1850, Key practiced law in Chattanooga and became active in

David M. Key was a lawyer and Confederate Army officer who was appointed U.S. postmaster general by Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes in fulfillment of a campaign pledge made by Hayes during the disputed election of 1876. Admitted to the bar in 1850, Key practiced law in Chattanooga and became active in

Ellen Key was a Swedish feminist and writer whose advanced ideas on sex, love and marriage, and moral conduct had wide influence; she was called the “Pallas of Sweden.” Key was born the daughter of the landowner and politician Emil Key (1822–92). Family misfortune obliged her to take up teaching in

Ellen Key was a Swedish feminist and writer whose advanced ideas on sex, love and marriage, and moral conduct had wide influence; she was called the “Pallas of Sweden.” Key was born the daughter of the landowner and politician Emil Key (1822–92). Family misfortune obliged her to take up teaching in

Francis Scott Key was an American lawyer, best known as the author of the U.S. national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Key was born into an affluent family on an estate called Terra Rubra. At age 10 he entered St. John’s College in Annapolis, Maryland, from which he graduated in 1796. An

John Key is a New Zealand business executive and politician who was the leader of the New Zealand National Party (2006–16) and prime minister of New Zealand (2008–16). Key was the son of an English father and a Jewish mother, who fled Austria for the United Kingdom in 1939. The couple married in

John Key is a New Zealand business executive and politician who was the leader of the New Zealand National Party (2006–16) and prime minister of New Zealand (2008–16). Key was the son of an English father and a Jewish mother, who fled Austria for the United Kingdom in 1939. The couple married in

Keegan-Michael Key is an American actor, comedian, and screenwriter best known as one half of the comedic duo Key and Peele alongside actor and filmmaker Jordan Peele. Key, who is biracial, was adopted at a young age by an African American father, Michael Key, and a white mother, Patricia Walsh,

Trevor Howard: …Heart of the Matter (1953), The Key (1958), for which he won a British Academy Award, and Sons and Lovers (1960). In his later years he often portrayed a stiff-necked English military officer, notably in Mutiny on the Bounty (1962), The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968), and Gandhi (1982)…

Joan Armatrading: …latter of which prevailed on The Key (1983).

V. O. Key, Jr. was a U.S. political scientist known for his studies of the U.S. political process and for his contributions to the development of a more empirical and behavioral political science. Educated at the University of Texas (B.A., 1929; M.A., 1930) and the University of Chicago (Ph.D.,

V. O. Key, Jr. was a U.S. political scientist known for his studies of the U.S. political process and for his contributions to the development of a more empirical and behavioral political science. Educated at the University of Texas (B.A., 1929; M.A., 1930) and the University of Chicago (Ph.D.,

John Henry Williams: …as the inventor of the key-currency principle that stressed the pivotal role of the dollar in the international monetary system.

chromatography: Retention mechanism: Very specific intermolecular interactions, “lock and key,” are known in biochemistry. Examples include enzyme-protein, antigen-antibody, and hormone-receptor binding. A structural feature of an enzyme will attach to a specific structural feature of a protein. Affinity chromatography exploits this feature by binding a

computer: Input devices: Keyboards contain mechanical or electromechanical switches that change the flow of current through the keyboard when depressed. A microprocessor embedded in the keyboard interprets these changes and sends a signal to the computer. In addition to letter and number keys, most keyboards also include “function”…

keyboard instrument: Development of the keyboard: Long before the appearance of the first stringed keyboard instruments in the 14th century, the keyboard was developed and applied to the organ. A keyboard of the kind familiar today—a series of parallel levers hinged or pivoted so that they…

keyboard instrument, any musical instrument on which different notes can be sounded by pressing a series of keys, push buttons, or parallel levers. In nearly all cases in Western music the keys correspond to consecutive notes in the chromatic scale, and they run from the bass at the left to the

aleatory music: …Cage, and Klavierstück XI (1956; Keyboard Piece XI), by Karlheinz Stockhausen of Germany.

Bae Yong-Jun: …struggling Ottowintech, which he renamed KeyEast. Under his oversight, the entertainment firm became hugely profitable. Backed by such success, Bae shifted his focus from acting to business in the early 2010s.

bugle: …1810 Joseph Halliday patented the key bugle, or Royal Kent bugle, with six brass keys (five closed, one open-standing) fitted to the once-coiled bugle to give it a complete diatonic (seven-note) scale. It became a leading solo instrument in military bands until replaced by the cornet. In France it inspired…

trumpet: …was a vogue for the keyed trumpet, with side holes covered by padded keys.

Roger John Brownlow Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes was a British admiral who planned and directed the World War I raid on the German base at Zeebrugge, Belg., April 22–23, 1918, and thus helped to close the Strait of Dover to German submarines. Keyes entered the Royal Navy in 1885. For bold action during

Alan Keyes is an American diplomat, radio commentator, and politician who was one of the most prominent African American conservatives in the late 20th and the early 21st century. He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. Keyes received a bachelor’s degree (1972) and a doctorate

Alan Keyes is an American diplomat, radio commentator, and politician who was one of the most prominent African American conservatives in the late 20th and the early 21st century. He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. Keyes received a bachelor’s degree (1972) and a doctorate

Flowers for Algernon: …short story by American author Daniel Keyes that was first published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction in April 1959. The short story was expanded into a novel in 1966. A science fiction exploration of topics such as human intelligence, intellectual disabilities, and romance, the novel is written…

Geoffrey Keyes was a U.S. Army officer who commanded forces in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, and Germany during World War II. Keyes was the son of a U.S. Army officer. In 1913 he graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and was commissioned a second lieutenant with the Second Light

Roger John Brownlow Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes was a British admiral who planned and directed the World War I raid on the German base at Zeebrugge, Belg., April 22–23, 1918, and thus helped to close the Strait of Dover to German submarines. Keyes entered the Royal Navy in 1885. For bold action during

gastropod: Classification: …Japan, Australia, and South Africa; keyhole limpets (Fissurellidae) in intertidal rocky areas. Superfamily Patellacea (Docoglossa) Conical-shelled limpets, without slits or holes, found in rocky shallow waters (Acmaeidae and Patellidae). Superfamily Trochacea

laparoscopy, procedure that permits visual examination of the abdominal cavity with an optical instrument called a laparoscope, which is inserted through a small incision made in the abdominal wall. The term comes from the Greek words laparo, meaning “flank,” and skopein, meaning “to examine.” The

Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (5–4), on January 23, 1967, that New York state laws requiring educators to sign loyalty oaths and to refrain from “treasonable or seditious speech or acts” were

Keyishian v. Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York: Facts of the case: Harry Keyishian and others were employees of the University of Buffalo (UB), then a private institution in New York; they became state employees in 1962 when UB joined the SUNY system. In accordance with New York law, the plaintiffs were required to sign the “Feinberg…

Islamic arts: Prose works: the mirrors for princes: …Qābūs”) by the Zeyārid prince ʿOnṣor ol-Maʿalī Keykāvūs (died 1098), which presents “a miscellany of Islamic culture in pre-Mongol times.” At the same time, Niẓām al-Mulk (died 1092), the grand vizier of the Seljuqs, composed his Seyāsat-nāmeh (The Book of Government; or, Rules for Kings), a good introduction to the…

John Maynard Keynes was an English economist, journalist, and financier best known for his economic theories (Keynesian economics) on the causes of prolonged unemployment. His most important work, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1935–36), advocated a remedy for economic

John Neville Keynes was a British philosopher and economist who synthesized two poles of economic thought by incorporating inductive and deductive reasoning into his methodology. Keynes was educated at the Universities of London and Cambridge. After graduating from Cambridge (1875), he was a

Richard Darwin Keynes was a British physiologist who was among the first in Britain to trace the movements of sodium and potassium during the transmission of a nerve impulse by using radioactive sodium and potassium. Keynes graduated from the University of Cambridge with a degree in natural science

Keynesian economics, body of ideas set forth by John Maynard Keynes in his General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1935–36) and other works, intended to provide a theoretical basis for government full-employment policies. It was the dominant school of macroeconomics and represented the

tonic, in music, the first note (degree) of any diatonic (e.g., major or minor) scale. It is the most important degree of the scale, serving as the focus for both melody and harmony. The term tonic may also refer to the tonic triad, the chord built in thirds from the tonic note (as C–E–G in C

Kekri, in ancient Finnish religion, a feast day marking the end of the agricultural season that also coincided with the time when the cattle were taken in from pasture and settled for a winter’s stay in the barn. Kekri originally fell on Michaelmas, September 29, but was later shifted to November

Florida Keys, island chain, Monroe and Miami-Dade counties, southern Florida, U.S. Composed of coral and limestone, the islands curve southwestward for about 220 miles (355 km) from Virginia Key in the Atlantic Ocean (just south of Miami Beach) to Loggerhead Key of the Dry Tortugas in the Gulf of

Alicia Keys: Musical success: The double album Keys appeared in 2021. The following year she released the holiday album Santa Baby.

John M. Stahl: …then made the big-budget epic The Keys of the Kingdom (1944), which was adapted from the A.J. Cronin novel about a missionary’s event-filled life. Although overlong and perhaps too earnest, the drama was one of the year’s big hits, and it launched Gregory Peck to stardom; for his performance as…

Editor’s note: This article was published in 2008, when the Keys to the White House forecast Barack Obama’s win. Since then, Lichtman’s model successfully predicted the 2012 election. In 2016, through an American University press release, Lichtman claimed that his model’s prediction of Donald

Keys to the White House: Editor’s note: This article was published in 2008, when the Keys to the White House forecast Barack Obama’s win. Since then, Lichtman’s model successfully predicted the 2012 election. In 2016, through an American University press release, Lichtman

James Spader: …Days in the Valley (1996), Keys to Tulsa (1997), Critical Care (1997), and The Watcher (2000) as well as a guest spot in an episode of Seinfeld. In 2002 he starred with Maggie Gyllenhaal in Secretary, a film based on Mary Gaitskill’s short story from 1988 about a sadomasochistic

Once you’ve decided to buy a car and narrowed down your choices, it’s time to figure out how to pay. Financing a car isn’t as fun as choosing the paint color, but it’s far more essential. Learning how car loans work, figuring out your credit score to buy a car, and determining your car payment all

Alicia Keys is an American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress who achieved enormous success in the early 2000s with her blend of R&B and soul music. Her notable songs include “Fallin’” (2001), “No One” (2007) and “Empire State of Mind” (2009), the latter of which was a collaboration with

John Caius was a prominent humanist and physician whose classic account of the English sweating sickness is considered one of the earliest histories of an epidemic. Caius attended Gonville Hall (now Gonville and Caius College) in Cambridge, Eng., where he is believed to have studied the humanities

Keyser, city, seat (1866) of Mineral county, eastern panhandle of West Virginia, U.S. It lies on the North Branch Potomac River, 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Cumberland, Maryland. Settled in 1802, it was known as Paddy’s Town for Patrick McCarthy, who was granted the site. When the Baltimore and

Hendrick de Keyser was the most important Dutch sculptor of his day and an architect whose works formed a transition between the ornamental style of the Dutch Renaissance and the Classicism of the 17th century. Appointed stonemason and sculptor of the city of Amsterdam in 1594, Keyser became

astronomical map: New constellations: 16th–20th century: Then Pieter Dircksz Keyser, a navigator who joined the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies in 1595, added 12 new constellations in the southern skies, named in part after exotic birds such as the toucan, the peacock, and the phoenix.

Thomas de Keyser was a Dutch Baroque painter and architect, best known for his portraiture of leading civic figures in Amsterdam. He was the son of the distinguished architect and sculptor Hendrick de Keyser. De Keyser chiefly excelled as a portrait painter, though he also executed historical and

geochronology: Completion of the Phanerozoic time scale: …Verneuil and the Latvian-born geologist Alexandr Keyserling to study the rock succession of the eastern Russian platform, the area of Russia west of the Ural Mountains. Near the town of Perm, Murchison and Verneuil identified fossiliferous strata containing both Carboniferous and a younger fauna at that time not recognized elsewhere…

Hermann Alexander, Graf von Keyserling was a German social philosopher whose ideas enjoyed considerable popularity after World War I. After studying at several European universities, Keyserling began a world tour in 1911 that provided the material for his best-known work, Das Reisetagebuch eines

arch: …central voussoir is called the keystone. The point from which the arch rises from its vertical supports is known as the spring, or springing line. During construction of an arch, the voussoirs require support from below until the keystone has been set in place; this support usually takes the form…

Biograph Company: …as the director of the Keystone comedies; and the well-known leading men Lionel Barrymore and Owen Moore. Griffith directed Sweet in Judith of Bethulia, the last film he made for Biograph. Filmed in 1913 and released in 1914, it was one of the first full-length feature films. Within several years…

Keystone Kops, an incredibly incompetent police force, dressed in ill-fitting, unkempt uniforms, that appeared regularly in Mack Sennett’s silent-film slapstick farces from about 1912 to the early 1920s. They became enshrined in American film history as genuine folk-art creations whose comic appeal

Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Kutztown, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is part of Pennsylvania’s State System of Higher Education. The university comprises colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Visual and Performing Arts, Business, Education,

Keystone pipeline, petroleum pipeline that stretches 2,687 miles (4,324 km) across Canada and parts of the continental United States and is designed to deliver oil recovered from tar sands in Alberta, Canada, with petroleum terminals in Houston, Texas, and Patoka, Illinois, in the United States.

keystone species, in ecology, a species that has a disproportionately large effect on the communities in which it lives; many are apex predators (meaning without a natural predator or enemy). Such species help to maintain local biodiversity within a community either by controlling populations of

Pennsylvania, constituent state of the United States of America, one of the original 13 American colonies. The state is approximately rectangular in shape and stretches about 300 miles (480 km) from east to west and 150 miles (240 km) from north to south. It is bounded to the north by Lake Erie and

Groupon: Brad Keywell in 2008. Headquarters are in Chicago.

information processing: Information searching and retrieval: …against the database index (key-word searching) and (2) traversing the database with the aid of hypertext or hypermedia links.

Euphrase Kezilahabi was a Tanzanian novelist, poet, and scholar writing in Swahili. Kezilahabi received a B.A. from the University of Dar es Salaam in 1970, taught in various schools throughout his country, and then returned to the university to take graduate work and teach in the department of

Taco Bell: …began a branding partnership with KFC, and in 1997 both became subsidiaries of Tricon Global Restaurants (later Yum! Brands) when it split from PepsiCo. A Chihuahua named Gidget became a popular, if controversial (the dog was accused of being a cultural stereotype), star of Taco Bell’s commercials in the late…

Tom Mboya: …was general secretary of the Kenya Federation of Labour (KFL), an especially important post since no strictly political African national organizations were allowed in Kenya until 1960.

Germany: The private banking sector: …are the Deutsche Bank, the KfW Bankengruppe, and the Commerzbank, though mergers have tended to shrink the number of major banks. Apart from conducting normal banking business, German banks provide financing for private businesses. As a result, the stock exchanges in Frankfurt, Düsseldorf, and other cities are less influential in…