Kyburg, countship prominent in medieval Swiss history. The first line of counts of Kyburg, with their seat in the castle of Kyburg just southeast of Winterthur (in the modern canton of Zürich), were influential in German politics from the 1020s; but their male line became extinct in 1078, and their

Makar Sankranti, Hindu festival in January celebrating the entrance of the Sun into the astrological sign of makara (corresponding to Capricorn) and the beginning of the Sun’s uttarayana (northward journey). Makar Sankranti occurs on January 14 (or 15 during a leap year). Did You Know? The Sun’s

Hishikawa Moronobu was a Japanese printmaker, the first great master of ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”), a genre depicting entertainment districts and other scenes of urban life. The son of a provincial embroiderer, Hishikawa started by drawing designs for embroidery. About the middle of

Saigō Takamori was a leader in the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate who later rebelled against the weaknesses he saw in the Imperial government that he had helped to restore. Although his participation in the restoration made him a legendary hero, it also, to his mortification, relegated his

Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese warrior and government official who overthrew the Ashikaga (or Muromachi) shogunate (1338–1573) and ended a long period of feudal wars by unifying half of the provinces in Japan under his rule. Nobunaga, as virtual dictator, restored stable government and established the

Japanese art: Painting: …an image of the deity Kichijōten (Mahashri), housed in Yakushi Temple. This work on hemp depicts in full polychromy a full-cheeked beauty in the high Tang style, which was characterized by slightly elongated, pleasantly rounded figures rendered with long curvilinear brushstrokes. A horizontal narrative scroll painting, Kako genzai inga kyō…

Noh theatre: …and the fifth type, the kiri or kichiku (“final” or “demon”) play, features devils, strange beasts, and supernatural beings. A typical Noh play is relatively short. Its dialogue is sparse, serving as a mere frame for the movement and music. A standard Noh program consists of three plays selected from…

Saigō Takamori was a leader in the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate who later rebelled against the weaknesses he saw in the Imperial government that he had helped to restore. Although his participation in the restoration made him a legendary hero, it also, to his mortification, relegated his

Kichizan was the last major professional painter of Buddhist iconography in Japan. He was a priest, associated with the Zen Buddhist Tōfuku-ji (temple) in Kyōto. Of the Buddhist paintings that he did for the temple, the best known is the portrait of Shōichi (1202–80), founder of the temple. The

Euphrase Kezilahabi: …poems, such as those in Kichomi (1974; “Stabbing Pain”), stirred some controversy on the Swahili literary scene. He broke with the formal traditions of Swahili poetry and argued and demonstrated the legitimacy of the use of blank verse in the language, becoming the first Swahili writer to attempt such innovation.

Euphrase Kezilahabi: His later novels included Kichwamaji (1974; “Waterhead”), Dunia uwanja wa fujo (1975; “The World Is a Chaotic Place”), and Gamba la nyoka (1979; “The Snake’s Skin”). The recurrent theme of Kezilahabi’s fiction is the difficulty of an individual’s integration into a society that is undergoing the stresses brought on…

savate, French sport of fighting by kicking, practiced from the early 19th century. It occurred mainly among the lower orders of Parisian society. When savate died out, its more skillful elements were combined with those of English bare-knuckle pugilism to produce la boxe française. The name savate

David Gilmour: Solo projects and later career: …on Kate Bush’s debut album, The Kick Inside (1978). His second solo album, About Face (1984), included two songs he wrote with rock icon Pete Townshend, the lead guitarist and songwriter for the Who. During the 1980s, Gilmour appeared as a guest musician on albums by artists including Townshend, Bryan…

the MC5: The MC5’s first album, Kick Out the Jams (1969), a live recording named for the group’s signature song, captures the loud, raw turbulence that characterized their powerful performances. Two more albums followed, including the Jon Landau-produced Back in the U.S.A. (1970), before the band broke up in 1972. Louder…

Martha Graham: Maturity of Martha Graham: In Letter to the World (1940; also called The Kick), a work about Emily Dickinson, several characters are used to portray different aspects of the poet’s personality.

Nicolas Cage: His notable film work included Kick-Ass (2010), an action comedy about an ordinary teenager who dreams of becoming a superhero, and the action thriller Ghost Rider (2007) and its sequel, Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011), in which he appeared as a demonically possessed motorcyclist. His atypically subdued work in…

Jim Carrey: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and later films: …The Incredible Burt Wonderstone (2013), Kick-Ass 2 (2013), and Dumb and Dumber To (2014).

Kickapoo, Algonquian-speaking Indians, related to the Sauk and Fox. When first reported by Europeans in the late 17th century, the Kickapoo lived at the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, probably in present-day Columbia county, Wisconsin. They were known as formidable warriors whose

dam: Spillways: An obstruction known as a kicker, placed at the toe of the dam to project the water slightly upward, can move farther downstream the area in which erosion of the riverbed is most intense. With higher dams it is possible to deflect the jet of spilling water from a level…

particle accelerator: Guiding particles: Extraction is usually achieved by “kicker” magnets, electromagnets that switch on just long enough to “kick” the particles out of the synchrotron ring and along a beam line. The fields in the dipole magnets are then ramped down, and the machine is ready to receive its next pulse of particles.

Charles Joseph Kickham was an Irish poet and novelist whose nationalistic writings were immensely popular in Ireland in the 19th century. Kickham’s early hopes for a medical career were altered by a childhood shooting accident that impaired his sight and hearing. In 1860 Kickham joined the Fenians,

Kicking Horse Pass, pass in the Canadian Rockies at the Alberta–British Columbia border and the Banff-Yoho national parks boundary; it is the highest point on the Canadian Pacific Railway, at an elevation of 5,338 feet (1,627 metres). The approach from the east is by way of the Bow Valley; from the

Perry Chen: …entrepreneur who created and cofounded Kickstarter, an Internet company that specialized in providing financial support for philanthropic and artistic endeavors by linking project leaders with a vast online community of investors.

skateboarding: …and the introduction of the kicktail, the raised back end of the board that makes kickturns possible. The craze spread worldwide, and skateboard magazines helped promote both the sport and young innovative riders such as Tony Alva and Stacey Peralta. The first skate park was built in Florida in 1976,…

skateboarding: A kickturn is accomplished when the rider pushes down on the kicktail, lifting the front wheels off the ground and spinning on the rear wheels. The hands-free aerial known as the ollie is one of the most important tricks in contemporary skateboarding. It was invented in…

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Kickxellales Primarily saprotrophic; mycelium highly branched and occasionally coenocytic; example genera include Kickxella, Coemansia, Linderina, and Spirodactylon. Order Dimargaritales Mycoparasitic; example genera include Dimargaris, Dispira, and Tieghemiomyces.

fungus: Annotated classification: Subphylum Kickxellomycotina (incertae sedis) Saprotrophic, may be parasitic on fungi, can form symbiotic associations; thallus forms from holdfast on other fungi; mycelium branched or unbranched; asexual and sexual reproduction; contains four orders. Order Kickxellales Primarily saprotrophic; mycelium highly branched and occasionally coenocytic; example genera

goat: …and immature goats are called kids. Wild goats include the ibex and markhor.

List of Children’s Games and Toys in Antiquity: But what about children in antiquity? What types of toys and games occupied youngsters in the past? Let’s take a look.

Simon Armitage: Poetry collections: His poetry collections include Kid (1992), Book of Matches (1993), The Dead Sea Poems (1995), CloudCuckooLand (1997), Travelling Songs and The Universal Home Doctor (both 2002), Tyrannosaurus Rex Versus the Corduroy Kid (2006), Seeing Stars (2010), The Unaccompanied (2017), The Owl and the Nightingale (2021), Never Good with Horses…

Radiohead: When Kid A came out in October 2000, it signaled that Radiohead—and Yorke above all—wanted to leave the wide-screen drama of OK Computer behind. The resulting selection of heavily electronic, more or less guitar-free pieces (notably “Kid A” and “Idioteque”) confounded many but repaid the patience…

Jack Dempsey was an American world heavyweight boxing champion, regarded by many as the epitome of the professional fighter. He held the title from July 4, 1919, when he knocked out Jess Willard in three rounds in Toledo, Ohio, until September 23, 1926, when he lost a 10-round decision to Gene

Clara Bow: Plastic Age (1925), Mantrap (1926), Kid Boots (1926), and Dancing Mothers (1926).

superhero: Comics sell millions: …excellent series was Quality Comics’ Kid Eternity, first seen in Hit Comics #25 (December 1942). Other standouts highly regarded by collectors and historians include the charming Captain Marvel tales whimsically drawn by C.C. Beck, Kurt Schaffenberger, and other artists; Jerry Robinson’s interpretation of the villainous Joker in Batman #1 (1940);…

the Flash: He adopted the name Kid Flash and accompanied the Flash on numerous adventures before later going on to join the Teen Titans. Ralph Dibny, the Elongated Man, introduced himself two issues later and teamed up with the Flash on many occasions. The Green Lantern also often accompanied the Flash,…

Michael Curtiz: The breakthrough years: …film of the year was Kid Galahad (also released as The Battling Bellhop), a boxing film with Edward G. Robinson in the role of a promoter and Wayne Morris as a prizefighter.

Phil Karlson: Later films: Next came Kid Galahad (1962), an Elvis Presley musical.

Kid Gavilan was a Cuban professional boxer and world welterweight champion who was known for his “bolo punch,” a combination of a hook and an uppercut. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Gavilan said that cutting sugarcane during his youth in Cuba helped him to perfect his

glove: The kid glove has retained supremacy as the aristocrat of gloves, but other kinds of leather are also utilized in modern glove manufacture, including capeskin, cabretta, pigskin, buckskin, reindeer skin, and lambskin, also called doeskin.

Fred Zinnemann: Films of the late 1930s and 1940s: …B-films for the studio were Kid Glove Killer (1942), a mystery that starred Van Heflin as a police chemist who solves a murder, and Eyes in the Night (also 1942), in which Edward Arnold played a blind detective. The Seventh Cross (1944) followed; a taut thriller, it featured Spencer Tracy…

shoe: Materials: Kid leather, made from goatskin, is used for women’s dress shoes and men’s slippers. Sheepskin is used in linings and slippers. Reptile leathers (alligator, lizard, and snake) are used in women’s and some men’s shoes. Cordovan (a small muscle layer obtained from horsehide) is a…

WMMS: …success of WMMS was deejay Kid Leo (Lawrence J. Travagliante), who ultimately became the station’s program director. By the time Kid Leo joined WMMS in 1973 (after graduating from Cleveland State University), the station had been rocking for five years. By 1976 he had helped take the station to the…

Octavia Spencer: …appeared in the domestic drama A Kid Like Jake and the comedy Instant Family (both 2018).

Roy Del Ruth: Middle years: …year he directed the popular Kid Millions (1934). The comedy musical starred Eddie Cantor as a Brooklynite who travels to Egypt to claim an inheritance and encounters a con artist (Ethel Merman) who is after his newfound wealth. Folies Bergère de Paris (1935) was a successful musical featuring Maurice Chevalier,…

Abe Reles was an American killer and gangster who became a celebrated police informer in 1940–41. The son of Austrian–Jewish immigrants, Reles stole his nickname of Kid Twist from a gangster idol and pursued a life of crime. By the age of 34 in 1940, he had been arrested 42 times (six times for

Patrick Stewart: The X-Men series and later films: …of legendary wizard Merlin in The Kid Who Would Be King (2019), a contemporary take on the Arthurian legend. Having used his perfect British diction to comedic effect in cartoon TV shows, he also lent his voice to the animated movies Gnomeo & Juliet (2011), Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012),…

Dardenne brothers: …Le Gamin au vélo (2011; The Kid with a Bike), the Dardennes focused on the poignant struggles of a boy abandoned by his father. The film won the Grand Prix at Cannes. Deux jours, une nuit (2014; Two Days, One Night) traces the efforts of a young woman (played by…

Ethan Hawke: Movies from 2019 include The Kid, wherein Hawke plays a sheriff on the trail of a notorious outlaw. The following year he starred in Tesla, a biopic about the Serbian American inventor. He next created and starred in the TV miniseries The Good Lord Bird (2020), an adaptation of…

Sapphire: The Kid (2011)—told from the perspective of Precious’s son following his mother’s death from AIDS complications—received an even more-polarized reception. The novel’s blistering scenes of violence and sexual abuse were characterized by some commentators as brave reflections of a hidden reality, while others saw them…

The Kid, American silent film comedy-drama, released in 1921, that starred Charlie Chaplin in the first feature film with his popular “Little Tramp” character. It elevated Jackie Coogan to the status of the film industry’s first child superstar. A tramp (played by Chaplin) reluctantly rescues a

Southeast Asian arts: East Javanese period: 927–16th century: …mid-13th century was like is Candi Kidal. The nucleus of the building is a square cell, with slightly projecting porticoes each hooded by an enormous Kala-monster head. But the cell itself is dwarfed both by the massive molded plinth upon which it stands and by the huge tower with which…

Khitan, any member of a Mongol people that ruled Manchuria and part of North China from the 10th to the early 12th century under the Liao dynasty. See also

Kidd blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of glycoproteins known as Kidd (Jk) antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. The Kidd glycoprotein functions to maintain the osmotic stability of red blood cells by acting as a transporter of urea. Antibodies that bind

sociology: Founding the discipline: …creative thinkers, including Herbert Spencer, Benjamin Kidd, Lewis H. Morgan, E.B. Tylor, and L.T. Hobhouse, developed analogies between human society and the biological organism. They introduced into sociological theory such biological concepts as variance, natural selection, and inheritance—asserting that these evolutionary factors resulted in the progress of societies from stages…

Jason Kidd is a professional basketball coach and a former player who is considered one of the greatest point guards in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. His ability to see the floor and pull off dazzling passes made him one of the sport’s brightest young stars when he entered the NBA

Jason Kidd is a professional basketball coach and a former player who is considered one of the greatest point guards in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. His ability to see the floor and pull off dazzling passes made him one of the sport’s brightest young stars when he entered the NBA

William Kidd was a 17th-century privateer and semilegendary pirate who became celebrated in English literature as one of the most colourful outlaws of all time. Fortune seekers have hunted his buried treasure in vain through succeeding centuries. Kidd’s early career is obscure. It is believed he

Alfred V. Kidder was the foremost American archaeologist of his day involved in the study of the southwestern United States and Mesoamerica, and the force behind the first comprehensive, systematic approach to North American archaeology. Kidder began his career of fieldwork in 1907, with studies in

Alfred V. Kidder was the foremost American archaeologist of his day involved in the study of the southwestern United States and Mesoamerica, and the force behind the first comprehensive, systematic approach to North American archaeology. Kidder began his career of fieldwork in 1907, with studies in

Superman: The modern era: Margot Kidder (as Lois Lane), Gene Hackman (as Lex Luthor), and Marlon Brando (as Jor-El) rounded out the cast, and the film’s rousing score earned composer John Williams an Academy Award nomination. A string of sequels followed, with most of the principal cast members reprising…

Kidderminster, town, Wyre Forest district, administrative and historic county of Worcestershire, west-central England. It is situated along the River Stour and the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal. Recorded as Stour-in-Usmere in 736 ce, it was given to the comes (count) Cyneberght by King

floor covering: Nomenclature and types: …the construction method, such as ingrain or Brussels.

Jim Carrey: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and later films: …tragedy in the television series Kidding (2018–20). In 2020 Carrey returned to the big screen with the family comedy Sonic the Hedgehog, in which he played the villainous Dr. Ivo Robotnik. He reprised the role for the sequels in 2022 and 2024.

Kiddush, Jewish benediction and prayer recited over a cup of wine immediately before the meal on the eve of the Sabbath or of a festival; the ceremony acknowledges the sanctity of the day that has just begun. Chanting, or recitation, usually performed by the head of the household, may involve

Kidinnu was a Babylonian astronomer who may have been responsible for what modern scholars call System B, a Babylonian theory that described the speed of the Moon’s motion around the zodiac as increasing gradually and then decreasing gradually in the course of a month, following a regular sawtooth

Kidepo Valley National Park, national park located in northeastern Uganda. The park, which was established in 1962, occupies an area of 540 square miles (1,399 square km) in wooded grasslands and mountainous scenery in the northeastern corner of the country. Its rivers, including the Kidepo river,

Alfred von Kiderlen-Wächter was a German statesman and foreign secretary remembered for his role in the Second Moroccan crisis (1911) before World War I. After service in the Franco-German War (1870–71), Kiderlen studied law and entered the Prussian diplomatic service (1879). He was an exponent of

Kidinnu was a Babylonian astronomer who may have been responsible for what modern scholars call System B, a Babylonian theory that described the speed of the Moon’s motion around the zodiac as increasing gradually and then decreasing gradually in the course of a month, following a regular sawtooth

ancient Iran: The Middle Elamite period: The Elamites under Kidin-Khutran, the second king after Untash-Gal, countered with a successful and devastating raid on Babylonia. In the end, however, Assyrian power seems to have been too great. Tukulti-Ninurta managed to expand, for a brief time, Assyrian control well to the south in Mesopotamia. Kidin-Khutran faded…

Kidinnu was a Babylonian astronomer who may have been responsible for what modern scholars call System B, a Babylonian theory that described the speed of the Moon’s motion around the zodiac as increasing gradually and then decreasing gradually in the course of a month, following a regular sawtooth

Angélique Kidjo is a Beninese popular singer known for her collaborations with internationally prominent popular musicians and for her innovative blending of diverse musical styles. Kidjo was born into a family of performing artists. Her father was a musician, and her mother worked as a

Nicole Kidman is an American-born Australian actress known for her considerable range and versatility as well as for her glamorous looks and cool demeanour. Kidman was born in Honolulu to Australian parents. She was raised in Sydney and launched her acting career as a teenager. She appeared in

Halle Berry: …thrillers The Call (2013) and Kidnap (2017), portraying an emergency call-centre operator attempting to thwart a serial killer and a mother whose son is abducted, respectively. She then appeared in the spy movie Kingsman: The Golden Circle and starred in Kings (both 2017), playing a foster parent living in Los…

Freddie Bartholomew: …such as Anna Karenina (1935), Kidnapped (1938), Swiss Family Robinson (1940), and Tom Brown’s School Days (1940). At the peak of his short film career, he was the highest-paid child star after Shirley Temple. His fame and rising income brought out his long-absent parents, who filed an unsuccessful and expensive…

Kidnapped, novel by Robert Louis Stevenson, first published in serial form in the magazine Young Folks in 1886. Kidnapped and its sequel, Catriona (1893; U.S. title, David Balfour), are both set in Scotland in the mid-1700s. After the death of his father, young David Balfour discovers that his

Robert Stevenson: Films for Disney: In 1960 Stevenson directed Kidnapped, a popular adaptation of the Robert Louis Stevenson novel; its top-notch cast included Peter Finch, Peter O’Toole, and James MacArthur. Next was The Absent-Minded Professor (1961), which was a huge success at the box office; it starred

kidnapping, criminal offense consisting of the unlawful taking and carrying away of a person by force or fraud or the unlawful seizure and detention of a person against his will. The principal motives for kidnapping are to subject the victim to some form of involuntary servitude, to expose him to

blackbirding: …of the 1870s—especially the 1872 Pacific Islanders Protection Act (the Kidnapping Act)—provided for agents on British recruiting vessels, stricter licensing procedures, and patrol of British-controlled islands; these measures reduced the incidence of blackbirding by British subjects. Because of the continuing heavy demand for labour in Queensland, however, the practice continued…

kidney, in vertebrates and some invertebrates, organ that maintains water balance and expels metabolic wastes. Primitive and embryonic kidneys consist of two series of specialized tubules that empty into two collecting ducts, the Wolffian ducts (see Wolffian duct). The more advanced kidney

bean: Common bean: …French bean, haricot bean, or kidney bean in various countries; in the United States, however, kidney bean refers to a specific type that is definitely kidney-shaped and is red, dark red, or white. Green beans, anasazi beans, navy beans, black beans, northern beans, kidney beans, pinto beans, and cannellini beans…

renal system: Quantitative tests: The renal clearance of any substance is the volume of plasma containing that amount of the substance that is removed by the kidney in unit time (e.g., in one minute). Clearance, or the volume of plasma cleared, is an artificial concept since no portion of the…

dialysis, in medicine, the process of removing blood from a patient whose kidney functioning is faulty, purifying that blood by dialysis, and returning it to the patient’s bloodstream. The artificial kidney, or hemodialyzer, is a machine that provides a means for removing certain undesirable

kidney failure, partial or complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is classified as acute (when the onset is sudden) or chronic. Acute kidney failure results in reduced output of urine, rapidly and abnormally increased levels of nitrogenous substances, potassium, sulfates, and phosphates

kidney function test, any clinical and laboratory procedure designed to evaluate various aspects of renal (kidney) capacity and efficiency and to aid in the diagnosis of kidney disorders. Such tests can be divided into several categories, which include (1) concentration and dilution tests, whereby

pregnancy: Urinary tract: …of the kidney, called the kidney pelvis, also becomes dilated. With this dilation of the kidney pelvis and the ureters there is also a loss of tonicity or contractility in the pelvis of the kidney and the ureters. This loss of tonicity during pregnancy is similar to that mentioned in…

renal system: General description and location: …the kidney known as the renal (kidney) sinus. The hilus is the point of entry and exit of the renal arteries and veins, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the enlarged upper extension of the ureters.

kidney stone, concretion of minerals and organic matter that forms in the kidneys. Such stones may become so large as to impair normal renal function. Urine contains many salts in solution, and if the concentration of mineral salts becomes excessive, the excess salt precipitates as crystals that

kidney transplant, replacement of a diseased or damaged kidney with a healthy one obtained either from a living relative or a recently deceased person. Kidney transplant is a treatment for persons who have chronic renal failure requiring dialysis. Although kidney transplants were carried out in the

renal system: Tubule function: The role of the tubules may be assessed by comparing the amounts of various substances in the filtrate and in the urine (Table 2).

kidney vetch, (Anthyllis vulneraria), perennial herb of the pea family (Fabaceae), found in meadows, alpine pastures, and dry places of Europe and northern Africa. It was formerly used as a remedy for kidney disorders but is now frequently cultivated in rock gardens. Kidney vetch is a low hairy

Ch’ŏndogyo: …on God, offer prayers (kido) upon leaving and entering their homes, dispel harmful thoughts (e.g., of greed and lust), and worship God in church on Sundays.

Kido Takayoshi was one of the heroes of the Meiji Restoration, the overthrow of the 264-year rule by the Tokugawa family and return of power to the Japanese emperor. After the imperial restoration of 1868, Kido became one of the most effective officials in the new government. Born into an

Kido Takayoshi was one of the heroes of the Meiji Restoration, the overthrow of the 264-year rule by the Tokugawa family and return of power to the Japanese emperor. After the imperial restoration of 1868, Kido became one of the most effective officials in the new government. Born into an

Larry Clark: …work to filmmaking by directing Kids (1995), a fictionalized account of teenagers involved in a skateboarding and nightclub culture in New York City, which was critically acclaimed, though the film’s powerful and candid portrayal of teenage sexuality and drug abuse made it controversial. Clark went on to make other films,…

Annette Bening: Career: …role opposite Julianne Moore in The Kids Are All Right (2010), a dramedy about a married lesbian couple whose two children seek out their birth father.

Halle Bailey: Career: …their first full-length studio album, The Kids Are Alright, which features the songs “Grown,” the theme song for Grown-ish, and “Warrior,” which appears on the soundtrack of the fantasy adventure film A Wrinkle in Time (2018). The duo wrote all of the songs on The Kids Are Alright and garnered…

Robert Kidston was an English paleobotanist, noted for his discoveries and descriptions of plant fossils from the Devonian Period (about 416 million to 359 million years ago). Kidston studied botany at the University of Edinburgh, and in 1880 he became honorary paleobotanist to the British

Stanley Ketchel was an American professional boxer, considered by some boxing historians to be the greatest fighter in the history of the middleweight division. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Upon the death of his parents, Ketchel left Michigan and began riding boxcars to the

Red Hot Chili Peppers: Original members

Anselm Kiefer is a German painter who became one of the most prominent figures in the Neo-Expressionist art movement of the late 20th century. Kiefer abandoned his law studies at the University of Freiburg in 1966 to pursue art. He subsequently studied at art academies in Freiburg, Karlsruhe, and