Ireland: The Kildare ascendancy: The substitution (1485) of Tudor for Yorkist rule in England had no apparent effect in Ireland, where the ascendancy of the Fitzgerald earls of Kildare, established when Thomas, 7th earl, was created lord deputy in 1471, had passed (1477) to his son Garret…

Dublin: City layout: …Molesworth Street; Kildare House, renamed Leinster House when the earl became the duke of Leinster, is thought to have been the model for the White House in Washington, D.C. It is now the seat of the republic’s parliament (Oireachtas). Twin Victorian buildings, which were constructed on either side of Leinster…

Ireland: The Kildare ascendancy: …passed (1477) to his son Garret Mór (Great Gerald). The formality of royal power was preserved by appointing an absentee lieutenant, for whom Kildare acted as deputy. In practice, Kildare exercised real power through dynastic alliances with the chief Gaelic and Anglo-Irish lords. Opposition to Kildare was negligible even when…

Ireland: The Kildare ascendancy: …deputyship passed to his son Garret Óg (Young Gerald), 9th earl of Kildare, who continued, though less impressively, to dominate the country. But James, 10th earl of Desmond, intrigued with the Holy Roman emperor Charles V; and Henry VIII became convinced that Kildare had lost the power to control Ireland…

Thomas Fitzgerald, 10th earl of Kildare was the leader of a major Irish rebellion against King Henry VIII of England. The failure of the uprising ended the Fitzgerald family’s hereditary viceroyalty of Ireland and led to the tightening of English control over the country. When his father, the Irish

Kildonan, historical district within the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Situated on both sides of the Red River, it comprises the former cities of East Kildonan and West Kildonan and the former municipalities of Old Kildonan and North Kildonan, all of which were originally established in the

Lindsey Vonn is an American Alpine skier who has won four women’s World Cup overall championships (2008–10 and 2012) and became, in 2019, the first woman to win 82 World Cup races. She also claimed three Olympic Winter Games medals and eight world championships medals during her international

mbira, plucked idiophone (instrument whose sounding parts are resonant solids belonging to the body of the instrument itself)—or more specifically, a lamellaphone—that is unique to Africa and widely distributed throughout the continent. The mbira consists of a series of tuned metal or bamboo

Oceanic art and architecture: Artist and society: …parts of Melanesia, among the Kilenge of New Britain, for example, or in the Solomons, artistic progress is recognized as covering several stages. The apprentice grows into an independent worker with limited skills and eventually, if he has talent and ambition, becomes a master in his turn. In the Solomons…

āsrāva, in Buddhist philosophy, the illusion that ceaselessly flows out from internal organs (i.e., five sense organs and the mind). To the unenlightened, every existence becomes the object of illusion or is inevitably accompanied by illusion. Such an existence is called sāsrava. Even if one leads

Kilgore, city, on the Gregg-Rusk county line, northeastern Texas, U.S., about 50 miles (80 km) west of the border with Louisiana. The city is part of the Longview-Kilgore-Gladewater-Tyler oil complex in the middle of the East Texas oil field. In 1871 Judge C.B. Kilgore settled the site, which was

Kili, coral island in the Ralik (western) chain of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, west-central Pacific Ocean. It is about 230 acres (93 hectares) in area. Islanders from Bikini, site of U.S. atomic-bomb tests, were moved to Kili in 1949. Some of the Bikinians who returned to Bikini in the

Kiliya, city, southwestern Ukraine, on the Kiliya Branch of the Danube River, just north of the border with Romania. Kiliya dates back to at least the 10th century ad, though Greeks had settled at the site as early as the 7th century bc. Because of Kiliya’s strategic location, control over the city

St. Kilian ; feast day July 8) was a missionary bishop who, with his companions Saints Colman and Totnan, gave his life for the Christianization of Thuringia and eastern Franconia. At Würzburg about 689, all three were beheaded by orders of Duke Gozbert of Würzburg, whom Kilian had supposedly

Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is a Turkish economist and politician who has led the Republican People’s Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi; CHP) since 2010. Kılıçdaroğlu was born Kemal Karabulut in the village of Ballıca in Tunceli, a province in eastern Turkey whose population is predominantly Alevi (an

Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is a Turkish economist and politician who has led the Republican People’s Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi; CHP) since 2010. Kılıçdaroğlu was born Kemal Karabulut in the village of Ballıca in Tunceli, a province in eastern Turkey whose population is predominantly Alevi (an

Kiliya, city, southwestern Ukraine, on the Kiliya Branch of the Danube River, just north of the border with Romania. Kiliya dates back to at least the 10th century ad, though Greeks had settled at the site as early as the 7th century bc. Because of Kiliya’s strategic location, control over the city

kilim, pileless floor covering handwoven in most places where pile rugs are made. The term is applied both generally and specifically, with the former use referring to virtually any ruglike fabric that does not have pile. When used specifically the term refers to a more limited number of

Kilimanjaro, volcanic massif in northeastern Tanzania, near the Kenya border. Its central cone, Kibo, rises to 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) and is the highest point in Africa. Kilimanjaro lies about 100 miles (160 km) east of the East African Rift System and about 140 miles (225 km) south of Nairobi,

East African mountains: Tourism: Kilimanjaro National Park covers the mountain from 6,000 feet to the summit, and other parks include Mount Kenya above 10,200 feet, the moorland zone of the Aberdares, and a sector of the Kenya portion of Mount Elgon. In the Uganda section of the Virunga Mountains,…

mbira, plucked idiophone (instrument whose sounding parts are resonant solids belonging to the body of the instrument itself)—or more specifically, a lamellaphone—that is unique to Africa and widely distributed throughout the continent. The mbira consists of a series of tuned metal or bamboo

dress: Japan: …patterned with hō-ō birds and kilin (Japanized versions of the mythical Chinese fenghuang and qilin). The outer and most important of three kimonos worn under the ho is the shitagasane, which has an elongated back panel that forms a train some 12 feet (4 metres) long. The shitagasane is made…

South Asian arts: Period of the Tamil Cōḷa Empire (10th–13th century): …of Letters), who popularized the kiḷippāṭṭu (“parrot song”), a genre in which the narrator is a parrot, a bee, a swan, and so on. His outstanding works are Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇam, Bhāratam, and Bhāgavatam, all based on Sanskrit originals yet powerfully re-created with masterly language craft.

Kilis, town, extreme southern Turkey. It lies near the Syrian border north of Aleppo, Syria, and is often identified with the ancient town of Kilisi mentioned in Assyrian records. It was occupied by France after World War I but was returned to Turkey in 1921. The country around Kilis is fertile,

northern Mexican Indian: the Diegueño), Paipai (Akwa’ala), and Kiliwa—live in ranch clusters and other tiny settlements in the mountains near the U.S. border. Speaking Yuman languages, they are little different today from their relatives in U.S. California. A small number of Cocopa in the Colorado River delta in like manner represent a southward…

Kiliya, city, southwestern Ukraine, on the Kiliya Branch of the Danube River, just north of the border with Romania. Kiliya dates back to at least the 10th century ad, though Greeks had settled at the site as early as the 7th century bc. Because of Kiliya’s strategic location, control over the city

Kilkeel, fishing port and seaside resort, Newry, Mourne and Down district, southeastern Northern Ireland. It lies at the mouth of the River Kilkeel at the foot of the Mourne Mountains; the quarrying and dressing of Mourne granite is a local industry. A good harbour, which opened in the 1850s,

Kilkenny, county, province of Leinster, southeastern Ireland. The counties of Kilkenny and Carlow are linked for representation in the Irish Parliament, but, for local government and all administrative purposes, Kilkenny has a separate county council. The municipal borough of Kilkenny, in the

Kilkenny, city, municipal borough, and seat of County Kilkenny, Ireland. It lies on both banks of the River Nore about 30 miles (50 km) north of Waterford. The ancient capital of the kingdom of Ossory, Kilkenny in Norman times had two townships: Irishtown, which had its charter from the bishops of

Kilkenny: Kilkenny Castle, perhaps the city’s most famous landmark, stands on an eminence of 100 feet (30 metres) overlooking the Nore. It was burned in 1175 but was rebuilt in the late 12th and early 13th century by William Marshal. In 1391 the 3rd earl of…

Ireland: The 14th and 15th centuries: …in the Irish Parliament the Statute of Kilkenny (1366), which listed the “obedient” (English-controlled) lands as Louth, Meath, Trim, Dublin, Carlow, Kildare, Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford, and Tipperary. Intermarriage or alliances with the Irish were forbidden. The independent Irish outside the Pale (the area of English control) were regarded as enemies…

volleyball: Court, net, and ball dimensions: (This offensive action, called a spike, or kill, is usually performed most effectively and with greatest power near the net by the forward line of players.)

handball: Principles of play.: …most effective placement is a kill, in which the ball rebounds at a height so low that it is impossible to return it. An ace is a legal serve that eludes the receiver. The greater variety of angle shots—for example, sidewall to front wall, ceiling to front, side to back—makes…

James Patterson: Cross (2006; film 2012), Kill Alex Cross (2011), Alex Cross, Run (2013), Cross the Line (2016), Target: Alex Cross (2018), and Deadly Cross (2020). Patterson later launched a spin-off series that centres on Cross’s son; it began with Ali Cross (2019).

Quentin Tarantino: …(with Uma Thurman) and directed Kill Bill: Vol. 1 (2003) and Kill Bill: Vol. 2 (2004), which centers on a trained assassin (played by Thurman) and her quest for revenge. Grindhouse (2007), an homage to B-movie double features, paired Tarantino’s Death Proof, a thriller about a homicidal stuntman, with Robert…

Quentin Tarantino: 1 (2003) and Kill Bill: Vol. 2 (2004), which centers on a trained assassin (played by Thurman) and her quest for revenge. Grindhouse (2007), an homage to B-movie double features, paired Tarantino’s Death Proof, a thriller about a homicidal stuntman, with Robert Rodriguez’s horror film Planet Terror.

Chadwick Boseman: He then starred in The Kill Hole (2012), a thriller about an Iraq War veteran sent to kill another veteran in the Pacific Northwest. While that film was largely ignored, Boseman attracted wider notice when he was cast as baseball player Jackie Robinson in the much-anticipated biopic 42 (2013).…

Frederick Forsyth: …Avenger (2003; TV movie 2006), The Kill List (2013), and The Fox (2018). Among his short-story collections were No Comebacks (1982) and The Veteran (2001). Many of his novels and stories were adapted for film and television.

Linda Cardellini: Career: …performed in the crime biopic Kill the Irishman.

Lloyd Bacon: Later years of Lloyd Bacon: …Lucille Ball’s comedic talents, and Kill the Umpire (1950), which used William Bendix to good effect as a baseball fanatic who has to take a job as an umpire to make ends meet. The slapstick companions The Good Humor Man and The Fuller Brush Girl (both 1950) followed before Bacon…

the Smiths: …however, on subsequent singles and Kill Uncle (1991), Morrissey, backed by an undistinguished rockabilly band, dwindled into tuneless self-parody. His muse rallied with the glam-rock-influenced Your Arsenal (1992) and the delicate Vauxhall and I (1994). These albums, and the less impressive Southpaw Grammar (1995) and Maladjusted

Daniel Radcliffe: Later films: Lost City and Weird: The Al Yankovic Story: …If (2013), a romantic comedy; Kill Your Darlings (2013), in which he portrayed American poet Allen Ginsberg; and the supernatural thriller Horns (2013). In the thriller Victor Frankenstein (2015), based on Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley’s classic horror novel, Radcliffe played the doctor’s assistant, Igor. In 2016 he appeared in the heist…

Émile Zola: Les Rougon-Macquart: La Curée (1872; The Kill), for example, explores the land speculation and financial dealings that accompanied the renovation of Paris during the Second Empire. Le Ventre de Paris (1873; The Belly of Paris) examines the structure of the Halles, the vast central market-place of Paris, and its influence…

rum, distilled liquor made from sugarcane products, usually produced as a by-product of sugar manufacture. It includes both the light-bodied rums, typified by those of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and the heavier and fuller-flavoured rums of Jamaica. Rums originated in the West Indies and are first

Killaloe, town, County Clare, Ireland. It lies on the west bank of the River Shannon, between Mount Bernagh and the Arra Mountains. The town is connected with Ballina, on the opposite bank of the river, by a bridge. St. Flannan’s Cathedral (largely 12th-century; Church of Ireland) occupies the site

Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin was an Irish author and businessman who in 1972 succeeded Avery Brundage as president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), after having served as IOC vice president since 1968. Morris succeeded his uncle to the title of Baron Killanin in 1927. After

Killarney, market town in County Kerry, southwestern Ireland. It lies near the Killarney lakes, famed for their beauty, about 45 miles (70 km) north-northwest of Cork. Rising steeply to the west are Tomies Mountain and Purple Mountain (2,739 feet [835 metres]), and beyond the Gap of Dunloe are

Killarney Provincial Park, wilderness park, southeastern Ontario, Canada, on the northern shore of Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. Established in 1964, it has an area of 132 sq mi (342 sq km), including the Canadian Shield country made famous by the painter A. Y. Jackson and the Group of Seven. Among

killdeer, (Charadrius, sometimes Oxyechus, vociferus), American bird that frequents grassy mud flats, pastures, and fields. It belongs to the plover family of shorebirds (Charadriidae, order Charadriiformes). The killdeer’s name is suggestive of its loud insistent whistle. The bird is about 25

Harmon Killebrew was an American professional baseball player who amassed 573 home runs during his 22-year career (1954–75), which ranked him among the greatest home-run hitters in the sport’s history. Killebrew was signed by the Washington Senators at age 17, and he became an everyday player six

Harmon Killebrew was an American professional baseball player who amassed 573 home runs during his 22-year career (1954–75), which ranked him among the greatest home-run hitters in the sport’s history. Killebrew was signed by the Washington Senators at age 17, and he became an everyday player six

Killeen, city, Bell county, central Texas, U.S., lying west of Temple and 65 miles (105 km) north of Austin. Laid out in 1882 as Palo Alto by the Santa Fe Railway and named for Frank P. Killeen, a civil engineer with the line, it remained a small farming and ranching community until Camp Hood (a

John Oliver Killens was an American writer and activist known for his politically charged novels—particularly Youngblood (1954)—and his contributions to the Black Arts movement and as a founder of the Harlem Writers Guild. From an early age Killens was exposed to African American writers and

Alice Cooper: …of significant albums that include Killer (1971) and Billion Dollar Babies (1973), all explorations of decadence, perversion, and psychosis. Best remembered for its shocking stage show, Alice Cooper blended the gore and grotesquerie of horror films with the camp of 1930s Berlin cabaret. The group was inducted into the Rock…

Africanized honeybee, (Apis mellifera scutellata ×A. mellifera), hybrid honeybee resulting from the accidental release of African honeybees into the Western Hemisphere in 1957 and their subsequent crossbreeding with local European honeybees. The Africanized honeybees, known for their rigorous

immune system: Activation of killer cells: …cells, which may be either cytotoxic T cells or natural killer cells, have receptors that bind to the tail portion of the IgG antibody molecule (the part that does not bind to antigen). Once bound, killer cells insert a protein called perforin into the target cell, causing it to swell…

immune system: Activation of killer cells: …either cytotoxic T cells or natural killer cells, have receptors that bind to the tail portion of the IgG antibody molecule (the part that does not bind to antigen). Once bound, killer cells insert a protein called perforin into the target cell, causing it to swell and burst. Killer cells…

John Wayne Gacy was an American serial killer whose murders of 33 boys and young men in the 1970s received international media attention and shocked his suburban Chicago community, where he was known for his sociability and his performance as a clown at charitable events and childrens’ parties.

Robert De Niro: Comedies and later work: …Limitless (2011), the action drama Killer Elite (2011), and the ensemble romantic comedy New Year’s Eve (2011).

Sam Peckinpah: Later films: The widely panned The Killer Elite (1975) starred James Caan as a CIA agent who is severely wounded when his partner (Robert Duvall) betrays him; he survives, undergoes a grueling martial-arts training program, then wreaks his revenge on Duvall’s mercenary cartel of assassins. The antiwar Cross of Iron…

Great Smog of London, lethal smog that covered the city of London for five days, from December 5 to December 9, in 1952. It was caused by a combination of industrial pollution and high-pressure weather conditions. The smoke and fog brought London to a near standstill and resulted in thousands of

Jim Thompson: The Killer Inside Me (1952) is admired as a chilling depiction of a criminally warped mind; its narrator, a small-town deputy, pretends to be an agreeable hick but is actually a calculating madman who, like most Thompson narrators, speaks directly and colloquially to the reader.…

Casey Affleck: …psychopathic killer in Michael Winterbottom’s The Killer Inside Me (2010). He also cowrote, directed, and acted in the much-reviled mockumentary I’m Still Here (2010), starring Joaquin Phoenix. Affleck’s subsequent films included the action comedy Tower Heist (2011), the period romance Ain’t Them Bodies Saints (2013), and the science fiction film…

Budd Boetticher: Westerns: He next helmed The Killer Is Loose (1956), a crime drama about a psychopathic ex-convict (Wendell Corey) swearing revenge on the policeman (Joseph Cotten) who sent him to prison and accidentally caused the death of his wife.

William Friedkin: …Friedkin adapted another Letts play, Killer Joe, which centers on a drug dealer who hires a contract killer (Matthew McConaughey) to dispose of his mother for a life insurance payout. He later returned to the subject of exorcism with the documentary The Devil and Father Amorth (2017), about the chief…

Tracy Letts: …1991 Letts wrote the play Killer Joe, about a Texas family that enlists the titular murderer-for-hire to kill a relative with a sizable life insurance policy. The script was so graphic and violent, however, that no theatre company would agree to produce it. Two years later Letts and a few…

Charles Burnett: …of Congress’s National Film Registry: Killer of Sheep (1977) in 1990 and To Sleep with Anger (1990) in 2017.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will transform our lives. It will touch almost every aspect of society: business, education, transportation, medicine, even politics. In most places, this will be a good thing, removing drudgery and improving productivity. But there is one place that I fear its arrival,

immune system: Activation of killer cells: …cells, which may be either cytotoxic T cells or natural killer cells, have receptors that bind to the tail portion of the IgG antibody molecule (the part that does not bind to antigen). Once bound, killer cells insert a protein called perforin into the target cell, causing it to swell…

killer whale, (Orcinus orca), largest member of the dolphin family (Delphinidae). The killer whale is easy to identify by its size and its striking coloration: jet black on top and pure white below with a white patch behind each eye, another extending up each flank, and a variable “saddle patch”

Dave Bautista: Acting: …as hitman Joe Flood in The Killer’s Game.

Sam Shepard: In Killer’s Head (produced 1975), for example, the rambling monologue, a Shepard stock-in-trade, blends horror and banality in a murderer’s last thoughts before electrocution; Angel City (produced 1976) depicts the destructive machinery of the Hollywood entertainment industry; and Suicide in B-flat (produced 1976) exploits the potentials…

Stanley Kubrick: Early life and films: …a boxing-related film noir romance, Killer’s Kiss (1955). At this point he joined forces with producer James B. Harris to form Harris-Kubrick Productions. Encouraged by the respectable reviews for Killer’s Kiss, United Artists provided Kubrick with enough money to hire a cast of quality B-film supporting actors—including Sterling Hayden, Marie…

Chow Yun-Fat: …II ), Diexue shangxiong (1989; The Killer), Zongheng sihai (1991; Once a Thief), and Lat sau san taam (1992; Hard-Boiled). Chow also made several popular action films with director Ringo Lam, including Lung fu fong wan (1987; City on Fire), Ban wo chuang tian ya (1989; Wild Search), and Xia…

Katherine Heigl: …appeared in the action comedies Killers (2010), as a woman who unknowingly marries a former assassin, and One for the Money (2012), as a novice bounty hunter. The latter film was based on a best-selling novel by Janet Evanovich. In the thriller Unforgettable (2017) Heigl played a woman who terrorizes…

Robert De Niro: Comedies and later work: …with Scorsese and DiCaprio on Killers of the Flower Moon (2023). The true-crime drama centers on the murder of oil-rich Osage tribal members in the 1920s. It premiered at the Cannes film festival and received widespread praise, earning De Niro an Oscar nomination for best supporting actor. Also in 2023…

Osage murders: …long-forgotten story in his book Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI, which was adapted as a major motion picture by Martin Scorsese released in 2023.

The Killers, American crime film, released in 1964, that was adapted from an Ernest Hemingway short story that was originally brought to the screen in 1946. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) The film opens with Johnny North (played by John Cassavetes), a race-car

The Killers, American film noir, released in 1946, that is considered a classic of the genre. It features Burt Lancaster in his breakthrough role. The film opens with two hit men fatally shooting Pete (“Swede”) Lund (played by Lancaster). After an insurance investigator is assigned the case, Lund’s

the Cars: Reunion and legacy: …Strokes, the New Pornographers, and the Killers. In 2024 the U.S. Library of Congress added the album The Cars to the National Recording Registry, a list of audio recordings deemed “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.”

James Rhyne Killian, Jr. was an American statesman and academic administrator who was instrumental in the formation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) both as chairman of the President’s Science Advisory Committee and as presidential assistant to Dwight D. Eisenhower from

social movement: Types of social movements: Killian advanced still another typology based on the direction of the change advocated or opposed. A reactionary movement advocates the restoration of a previous state of social affairs, while a progressive movement argues for a new social arrangement. A conservative movement opposes the changes proposed…

Killiecrankie, Grampian mountain pass, Perth and Kinross council area, Scot., 4 miles (6 km) north of Pitlochry. A modern road and railway use the narrow, wooded glen, which, in 1689, was the scene of the massacre of a royal force by insurgent Jacobite

killifish, any of a few hundred species of usually elongated fishes of the family Cyprinodontidae (order Atheriniformes), found worldwide, especially in the tropics of Africa and the New World. They inhabit brackish, salt, and fresh water, including certain desert hot springs. Killifish grow, at

Thomas Killigrew was an English dramatist and playhouse manager who was better known for his wit than for his plays, although some of the jokes in The Parson’s Wedding (acted c. 1640) were appropriated by the playwright William Congreve. In 1641 Killigrew published two tragicomedies, The Prisoners

Haruki Murakami: Works: …14th novel, Kishidanchō goroshi (2017; Killing Commendatore), about a painter in the midst of marital difficulties whose life takes a bizarre turn after he moves into the house of another artist. His novel Machi to sono futashikana kabe (The City and Its Uncertain Walls), which is based on a short…

Emerald Fennell: Writing career: …for the award-winning drama series Killing Eve. That year Fennell was nominated for two Emmys for her work on the show, in the categories of outstanding writing in a drama series and outstanding drama series.

Cambodian genocide: …also the title of a 1984 film that brought the plight of Khmer Rouge victims to worldwide attention—where a huge number of people were executed. As hundreds of thousands of Cambodians fled into Thailand, the genocide intensified, with the Khmer Rouge turning on itself and murdering thousands of suspected traitors…

Megadeth: Formation and debut album: …band recorded its debut album, Killing Is My Business…and Business Is Good!, on the Combat Records label.

Chen Kaige: …with the poorly received thriller Killing Me Softly (2002). He returned to a focus on Chinese subjects with the sentimental He ni zai yiqi (2002; Together), the martial arts epic Wuji (2005; The Promise), and Mei Lanfang (2008; Forever Enthralled), a biography of the titular theatrical performer. Demonstrating his range,…

Roberta Flack: …Your Face” (1972) and “Killing Me Softly with His Song” (1973), and for her duets with soul music singer Donny Hathaway “Where Is the Love” (1972) and “The Closer I Get to You” (1977). Flack excels at telling stories through her music, which draws on an eclectic variety of…

Haki R. Madhubuti: …are Book of Life (1973), Killing Memory, Seeking Ancestors (1987), and GroundWork (1996). He also wrote several nonfiction works about African American social issues, including From Plan to Planet—Life Studies: The Need for Afrikan Minds and Institutions (1973), Black Men: Obsolete, Single, Dangerous?: Afrikan American Families in Transition: Essays in…

N.K. Jemisin: Jemisin’s first novel, The Killing Moon (2012), centres on Gujaareh, a city with a culture resembling that of ancient Egypt. A group of priestly Gatherers harvest healing magic from people’s dreams in order to keep peace in the city. Soon, however, one of them, Ehiru, discovers corruption and…

John Cassavetes: Independent filmmaker: 1960s and ’70s: …filmmaking with the crime drama The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (1976), in which Gazzara played the debt-ridden owner of a strip joint forced by the mob to commit a murder. The ambitious Opening Night (1977) also had its problems, including one that often plagued Cassavetes’s films, the perception of…

Yorgos Lanthimos: The Lobster and The Killing of a Sacred Deer: In The Killing of a Sacred Deer (2017), Lanthimos and Filippou drew inspiration from Euripides’ tragedy Iphigenia at Aulis, in a story about a surgeon (played by Farrell) who must sacrifice a member of his family to remove a curse inflicted on them by a mysterious…

Robert Aldrich: The 1960s: The controversial The Killing of Sister George (1968) is an adaptation of the Frank Marcus play about an aging soap opera actress (Beryl Reid) who fears she is losing both her television role and her young lesbian lover (Susannah York). Although well made, the film initially received…

Sara Paretsky: …such as Deadlock (1984) and Killing Orders (1985), the sleuth becomes the target of violence and learns of conspiracies involving big business, organized crime, and (in Killing Orders) the Roman Catholic church. Paretsky explored social issues in many of her books, including Bitter Medicine (1987), which deals with abortion rights…

James Gandolfini: …Violet & Daisy (2011) and Killing Them Softly (2012). Gandolfini later appeared in Not Fade Away (2012), the story of a teenage rock band in 1960s New Jersey that was directed by The Sopranos creator David Chase, and as Leon Panetta in Zero Dark Thirty (2012), about the U.S. military…

Simon Armitage: Poetry collections: His long poem Killing Time (1999) was written to mark the turn of the millennium; the poem consists of 1,000 lines, counting down the same number of years of history. Out of the Blue (2008) consists of three commissioned pieces marking anniversaries of the September 11 attacks in…

The Killing, American film noir, released in 1956, that was the first major film of director Stanley Kubrick. Johnny Clay (played by Sterling Hayden) is a newly released convict who masterminds a complex and seemingly foolproof caper to rob a racetrack of $2 million during a race. However, the plan