John Randall Bratby: …as a member of the Kitchen Sink School, a group of British social-realist artists who paralleled the literary Angry Young Men of the decade.

Carrie Mae Weems: The Kitchen Table Series: Her seminal work, The Kitchen Table Series (1990), a narrative cycle of staged photographs, depicts seemingly mundane episodes from a woman’s life within the space of her kitchen.

restaurant: French restaurants of the 19th century: …so-called brigade de cuisine, or kitchen team, consisting of highly trained experts each with clearly defined duties. These teams included a chef, or gros bonnet, in charge of the kitchen; a sauce chef, or deputy; an entremettier, in charge of preparation of soups, vegetables, and sweet courses; a rôtisseur to…

Tiffany Haddish: …Part, and the mob drama The Kitchen. That year she emceed the comedy special Tiffany Haddish Presents: They Ready; was cast as the host of the updated TV show Kids Say the Darndest Things; and did the stand-up comedy special Black Mitzvah, which was subsequently adapted into a Grammy Award-winning…

Johannes Vermeer: Themes: 1662/65), and Woman in Blue Reading a Letter (c. 1663; also called Woman in Blue Reading a Letter), he utilized the laws of perspective and the placement of individual objects—chairs, tables, walls, maps, window frames—to create a sense of nature’s underlying order. Vermeer’s carefully chosen objects are…

English literature: Drama: …move toward what critics called “kitchen-sink” drama. Shelagh Delaney (with her one influential play, A Taste of Honey [1958]) and Arnold Wesker (especially in his politically and socially engaged trilogy, Chicken Soup with Barley [1958], Roots [1959], and I’m Talking About Jerusalem [1960]) gave further impetus to this movement, as…

Kitchener, city, regional municipality of Waterloo, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It is situated in the Grand River valley, 60 miles (95 km) west-southwest of Toronto. Founded by Bishop Benjamin Eby and settled by German immigrants about 1807, the community was known successively as Sand Hill,

Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener was a British field marshal, imperial administrator, conqueror of the Sudan, commander in chief during the South African War, and (perhaps his most important role) secretary of state for war at the beginning of World War I (1914–18). At that time he

Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener was a British field marshal, imperial administrator, conqueror of the Sudan, commander in chief during the South African War, and (perhaps his most important role) secretary of state for war at the beginning of World War I (1914–18). At that time he

Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener was a British field marshal, imperial administrator, conqueror of the Sudan, commander in chief during the South African War, and (perhaps his most important role) secretary of state for war at the beginning of World War I (1914–18). At that time he

Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener was a British field marshal, imperial administrator, conqueror of the Sudan, commander in chief during the South African War, and (perhaps his most important role) secretary of state for war at the beginning of World War I (1914–18). At that time he

Julian Fellowes is a British actor, producer, novelist, and screenwriter best known for creating the television series Downton Abbey (2010–15). Fellowes was born in Egypt, where his father was with the British embassy. While attending Magdalene College, Cambridge, he joined the Footlights comedy

philosophy of biology: Molecular biology: …critique by the Australian philosopher Philip Kitcher, who denied the possibility, in practice and in principle, of any theoretical reduction of the sort envisioned by the logical positivists. In particular, no scientific theory is formalized as a hypothetico-deductive system as the positivists had contended, and there are no genuine “bridge…

nature worship: Nature as a sacred totality: …numerous manitous (powers), with a Great Manitou (Kitchi-Manitou) at the head. These manitous may even be designated as protective spirits akin to those of other North American Indians, such as the digi of the Apache, boha of the Shoshone, and maxpe of the Crow, as well as the sila of…

Banana Yoshimoto: …wrote the novella Kitchin (Kitchen), published in 1988. Two more books—Kanashii yokan (“Sad Foreboding”) and Utakata/Sankuchuari (“Bubble/Sanctuary”)—were published in Japan that year. Kitchin was translated into Chinese in 1989. A translation of Tsugumi (1989; Goodbye, Tsugumi) appeared the following year in South Korea. Her first book published in English…

kite, any of numerous birds of prey belonging to one of three subfamilies (Milvinae, Elaninae, Perninae) of the family Accipitridae. Typically, a kite is lightly built, with a small head, partly bare face, short beak, and long narrow wings and tail. Kites occur worldwide in warm regions. Some kites

kite, oldest known heavier-than-air craft designed to gain lift from the wind while being flown from the end of a flying line, or tether. Over the millennia, kites have been used to ward off evil, deliver messages, represent the gods, raise banners, discover natural phenomena, propel craft, drop

measurement system: The Egyptians: …on a unit called the kite, with a decimal ratio, 10 kites equaling 1 deben and 10 debens equaling 1 sep. Over the long duration of Egyptian history, the weight of the kite varied from period to period, ranging all the way from 4.5 to 29.9 grams (0.16 to 1.05…

The Kite Runner, novel by Khaled Hosseini, published in 2003. It follows the journey of Amir, a young boy from Kabul, and is set against the tumultuous background of Afghanistan’s history, from the fall of the monarchy through to the rise of the Taliban regime. The novel delves into the themes of

W.O. Mitchell: His novel The Kite (1962) is about a newsman’s interview with “Daddy Sherry,” supposedly the oldest and wisest man in western Canada. Another novel, The Vanishing Point (1973), deals with a teacher’s involvement with Indians in southwest Alberta.

Gitega, town in central Burundi that serves as the country’s political capital. The town lies about 40 miles (65 km) east of Bujumbura, the country’s economic capital. For centuries Gitega was the seat of the Burundian mwami (king) and the capital of the kingdom of Burundi. It also served as an

Sohn Kee-Chung: The Defiant One: Officially known at the 1936 Berlin Games as Son Kitei, marathon runner Sohn Kee-Chung symbolized the fierce nationalistic tensions of the era. A native Korean, Sohn lived under the rule of Japan, which had annexed Korea in 1910. From an early age Sohn had chafed…

Ethiopia: Daily life and social customs: Other popular dishes include kitfo, chopped raw beef served with berbere.

Cithaeron, mountain range in Greece, separating Boeotia from Megaris and Attica (Modern Greek: Attikí). Its western end reaches the Gulf of Corinth (Korinthiakós). The range has a maximum elevation of 4,623 feet (1,409 meters). In ancient times, the road from Athens to Thebes crossed the range via

kithara, stringed musical instrument, one of the two principal types of ancient Greek lyres. It had a wooden soundboard and a box-shaped body, or resonator, from which extended two hollow arms connected by a crossbar. Three, originally, but later as many as 12 strings ran from the crossbar to the

Cythera, island, southernmost and easternmost of the Ionian Islands, off the southern Peloponnesus (Pelopónnisos). It is an eparkhía (eparchy) of Attiki nomós (department), Greece. A continuation of the Taiyetos Range, the island has a mountainous interior, rising to 1,663 feet (507 metres). The

Lata Mangeshkar: Early life: …for Vasant Joglekar’s Marathi film Kiti Hasaal (“How Much Will You Laugh”), though her song did not make the final edit. Mangeshkar’s siblings have also made remarkable contributions to music and film. Her sister Meena Khadikar is renowned for the popular song “Duniya Mein Hum Aaye Hain” from Mother India.…

Wichita, North American Indian people of Caddoan linguistic stock who originally lived near the Arkansas River in what is now the state of Kansas. They were encountered by the Spanish in the mid-16th century and became the first group of Plains Indians subject to missionization. Like most Caddoans,

Kitikmeot, westernmost of the three regions of Nunavut territory, Canada. It was designated the Central Arctic region of the Northwest Territories in 1981, being formed from the northern part of Fort Smith region. In 1982 it received its present name, which is the traditional Inuit word for the

Kitimat, district municipality, on the west coast of British Columbia, Canada. It lies at the head of the Douglas Channel, a deepwater fjord extending inland from Hecate Strait for 80 miles (129 km). Named for a nearby Indian village, Kitimat and its deepwater anchorage came to prominence in 1951,

Citium, principal Phoenician city in Cyprus, situated on the southeast coast near modern Larnaca. The earliest remains at Citium are those of an Aegean colony of the Mycenaean Age (c. 1400–1100 bce). The biblical name Kittim, representing Citium, was also used for Cyprus as a whole. A Phoenician

Luba: …living, the main figures are kitobo or nsengha (priest), the nganga (healer), and the mfwintshi (the witch, the embodiment of evil and the antithesis of the will of the ancestors).

Stone Age: Asian cultures: (3) Kitoi, placed before the middle of the 2nd millennium bce, shows a variety of more developed forms of equipment; the great number of fishhooks found in the graves indicates that subsistence was now based primarily on fishing instead of hunting; sculptures of human faces in…

Yiddish literature: The classic writers: Kitser masoes Binyomen hashlishi (1878; “The Brief Travels of Benjamin the Third”) is Abramovitsh’s parody of Cervantes’s Don Quixote. In place of a Spanish gentleman who longs to be a heroic knight is a mock-heroic Jew who longs for adventure. His quest for the Holy…

lighthouse: Oil lamps: In 1901 the Briton Arthur Kitson invented the vaporized oil burner, which was subsequently improved by David Hood of Trinity House and others. This burner used kerosene vaporized under pressure, mixed with air, and burned to heat an incandescent mantle. The vaporized oil burner was six times more powerful…

kitsune, trickster foxes from traditional Japanese folklore. They are a type of yōkai, a class of supernatural creatures with godlike powers, often equated to the English ghoul or demon. Kitsune are noted for their paranormal abilities, particularly metamorphosis. As they age, these abilities can

Mendele Moykher Sforim: …Kitsur massous Binyomin hashlishi (1875; The Travels and Adventures of Benjamin the Third), is a kind of Jewish Don Quixote. After living from 1869 to 1881 in Zhitomir (where he was trained as a rabbi), he became head of a traditional school for boys (Talmud Torah) at Odessa and was…

Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), astronomical observatory located on the Papago Indian Reservation 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Tucson, Ariz., U.S., at an elevation of 6,888 feet (2,100 metres). It was established in 1958 by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in response to a long-felt

Eartha Kitt was an American singer and dancer noted for her sultry vocal style and slinky beauty who also achieved success as a dramatic stage and film actress. Kitt was the daughter of a Cherokee and Black mother and a white father she never knew. From the age of eight she grew up with relatives

Eartha Kitt was an American singer and dancer noted for her sultry vocal style and slinky beauty who also achieved success as a dramatic stage and film actress. Kitt was the daughter of a Cherokee and Black mother and a white father she never knew. From the age of eight she grew up with relatives

Armstrong: Kittanning is the county seat. Some other communities are Ford City, Freeport, and Apollo.

Ridge and Valley: …York border and southwestward along Kittatinny Mountain into eastern Pennsylvania. The Middle section curves through central Pennsylvania, western Maryland, and eastern West Virginia to the Tennessee Valley Divide in western Virginia and includes the renowned Shenandoah Valley of northern Virginia. The Great Valley that is central to this section continues…

kittel, in Judaism, a white robe worn in the synagogue on such major festivals as Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur. The rabbi wears it, as does the cantor, the blower of the shofar (ritual ram’s horn), and male members of Ashkenazi (German-rite) congregations. Before a Seder dinner, the leader of the

August Wilson was a playwright who penned an acclaimed cycle of plays, each set in a different decade of the 20th century, about Black American life. He won Pulitzer Prizes for two of them: Fences and The Piano Lesson. Wilson grew up in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, a lively poor neighbourhood

biblical literature: Printed editions: …Biblica Hebraica (1906, 1912) by Rudolf Kittel and Paul Kahle, two German biblical scholars. The third edition of this work, completed by Albrecht Alt and Otto Eissfeldt (Stuttgart, 1937), finally abandoned Ben Hayyim’s text, substituting that of the Leningrad Codex (B 19a). It has a dual critical apparatus, with textual…

softball, a variant of baseball and a popular participant sport, particularly in the United States. It is generally agreed that softball developed from a game called indoor baseball, first played in Chicago in 1887. It became known in the United States by various names, such as kitten ball, mush

Kittery, town, York county, southwestern Maine, U.S., at the mouth of the Piscataqua River, on the Atlantic coast opposite Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The town includes the communities of Kittery and Kittery Point. Settled in 1623, it was incorporated (1647) as Piscataqua Plantation, Maine’s first

Citium, principal Phoenician city in Cyprus, situated on the southeast coast near modern Larnaca. The earliest remains at Citium are those of an Aegean colony of the Mycenaean Age (c. 1400–1100 bce). The biblical name Kittim, representing Citium, was also used for Cyprus as a whole. A Phoenician

kittiwake, (Rissa tridactyla), oceanic gull, a white bird with pearl-gray mantle, black-tipped wings, black feet, and yellow bill. It nests on the North and South Atlantic coasts. Kittiwakes have evolved a number of behavioral and structural modifications for nesting on narrow cliff ledges. A close

Emmy Destinn was a Czech soprano noted for the power and vibrant richness of her voice and for her great intelligence and dramatic gifts. She adopted the name of her singing teacher, Maria Loewe-Destinn. Destinn made her debut in Berlin in 1898 as Santuzza in Pietro Mascagni’s Cavalleria rusticana.

murrelet: …far south as California, and Kittlitz’s murrelet, (B. brevirostris), which reaches Japan. Most southerly is Xantus’s murrelet (Endomychura hypoleucus), which nests on the hot coast of Baja California and (like some gulls of the region) travels north in winter.

George Lyman Kittredge was an American literary scholar and teacher, one of the foremost authorities of his time on the writings of Shakespeare, Chaucer, and Sir Thomas Malory. As a teacher, Kittredge was both the terror and delight of undergraduate students, conducting his year-long course in

Montana: Cultural life: …author Wallace Stegner, Annick Smith, William Kittredge, Rick Bass, Deirdre McNamer, Norman Maclean, Richard Hugo, David Quammen, Jim Harrison, Thomas McGuane, and James Welch.

Mitchell Leisen: Films of the 1940s of Mitchell Leisen: …much less notice than did Kitty (1945), in which Milland and Paulette Goddard were the leads in a Pygmalion-like tale set in 18th-century London. Masquerade in Mexico (1945) was Leisen’s musical remake of his own Midnight. To Each His Own (1946), one of Leisen’s most highly regarded films, earned the…

Helmut Käutner: …1939 with the lighthearted comedy Kitty und die Weltkonferenz (“Kitty and the World Conference”). The film, which gently satirized German-Italian relations and portrayed a British cleric in a sympathetic manner, did not sit well with Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s minister of propaganda, and it was soon withdrawn from circulation. As a…

Sam Wood: Wood’s heyday: Kitty Foyle (1940), however, was a huge hit. The sentimental soap opera, which was based on Christopher Morley’s best seller, centres on a working-class girl (Ginger Rogers) who must choose between her wealthy boss and an idealistic doctor. The dramatic role made erstwhile dancer Rogers…

Christopher Morley: …luxury, and the sentimental best-seller Kitty Foyle (1939), about an office girl and a socialite youth. The Old Mandarin (1947) is a collection of witty free verse. Morley also edited Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations (1937, 1948).

Kitty Hawk, town, Dare county, northeastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies on Bodie Island, a narrow sand barrier (one of the Outer Banks) facing the Atlantic Ocean opposite Albemarle Sound. Immediately south at Kill Devil Hills is Wright Brothers National Memorial (1927; see photograph),

Wright flyer of 1903, first powered airplane to demonstrate sustained flight under the full control of the pilot. Designed and built by Wilbur and Orville Wright in Dayton, Ohio, it was assembled in the autumn of 1903 at a camp at the base of the Kill Devil Hills, near Kitty Hawk, a village on the

Helmut Käutner: …1939 with the lighthearted comedy Kitty und die Weltkonferenz (“Kitty and the World Conference”). The film, which gently satirized German-Italian relations and portrayed a British cleric in a sympathetic manner, did not sit well with Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s minister of propaganda, and it was soon withdrawn from circulation. As a…

Hello Kitty, cartoon character whose likeness adorns hundreds of products for children and adults throughout the world. Created in 1974 by the Japanese merchandising company Sanrio and known internationally as Hello Kitty, Kitty White is a small, round-faced, cartoon catlike girl with black eyes, a

Kikongo-Kituba, according to some linguists, a creole language of Central Africa that evolved out of the contact between Kikongo-Kimanyanga and other Bantu languages in western Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Republic of the Congo. Kimanyanga is the Kikongo dialect of Manyanga, which

Kitwe, city, northern Zambia, south-central Africa. It is the second largest city in Zambia and is the main industrial and commercial centre of the copper-belt region. Founded in 1936, Kitwe grew with the rapid development of copper mining, though secondary industries have also been established.

Kitzbühel, town, western Austria, in the Kitzbühel Alps, at the southern foot of the Kitzbüheler Horn (6,548 feet [1,998 metres]). First mentioned in 1165 and chartered in 1271, it was held by the bishops of Regensburg and Bamberg under the dukes of Bavaria until it passed to Tirol in 1504. Silver

Kitzbühel Alps, range of the Eastern Alps in western Austria extending for 40 mi (65 km) between the Ziller (west) and Saalach (east) rivers. The highest points in the range are the Kreuzjoch (8,392 ft [2,558 m]) in the west and the Gaisstein (7,753 ft) in the east. Overlooking the Pinzgau (valley

Kitzbühel Alps, range of the Eastern Alps in western Austria extending for 40 mi (65 km) between the Ziller (west) and Saalach (east) rivers. The highest points in the range are the Kreuzjoch (8,392 ft [2,558 m]) in the west and the Gaisstein (7,753 ft) in the east. Overlooking the Pinzgau (valley

Jiuquan, city, western Gansu sheng (province), China. An important staging post on the ancient Silk Road to Central Asia, Jiuquan was founded in 111 bce as a military outpost. From 602 ce onward it was the seat of Suzhou prefecture, and under the Tang dynasty (618–907) it was given its present

Qiongshan, former city, Hainan sheng (province), China. It is situated some 3 miles (5 km) south of central Haikou on the northern coast of Hainan Island; in 2003 it became a district of Haikou. A county town was first established there in the early years of the 1st century bce, and after 25 ce its

Swahili language: …three most important dialects are kiUnguja (or Kiunguja), spoken on Zanzibar and in the mainland areas of Tanzania; kiMvita (or Kimvita), spoken in Mombasa and other areas of Kenya; and kiAmu (or Kiamu), spoken on the island of Lamu and adjoining parts of the coast. Standard Swahili is based on…

kiva, subterranean ceremonial and social chamber built by the Pueblo Indians of the southwestern United States, particularly notable for the colourful mural paintings decorating the walls. The traditional round shape of the earliest kivas contrasts with square and rectangular forms common in

metallurgy: Reduction smelting: …the QSL (Queneau-Schuhmann-Lurgi) and the KIVCET (a Russian acronym for “flash-cyclone-oxygen-electric smelting”). In the QSL reactor a submerged injection of shielded oxygen oxidizes lead sulfide to lead metal, while the KIVCET is a type of flash-smelting furnace in which fine, dried lead sulfide concentrate combines with oxygen in a shaft…

Thomas Osborne, 1st duke of Leeds was an English statesman who, while chief minister to King Charles II, organized the Tories in Parliament. In addition, he played a key role in bringing William and Mary to the English throne in 1689. The son of a Royalist Yorkshire landowner, Osborne did not

Aleksis Kivi was the father of the Finnish novel and drama and the creator of Finland’s modern literary language. Though Kivi grew up in rural poverty, he entered the University of Helsinki in 1857. In 1860 he won the Finnish Literary Society’s drama competition with his tragedy Kullervo, based on

Zsigmond Móricz: Kivilágos kivirradtig (1924; “Until the Small Hours of Morning”) and Rokonok (1930; “Relatives”) deal with the life of the decaying provincial nobility. In Móricz’s world, marriage and family life are fraught with bitter conflicts; but he also evokes pure, even idyllic, love as in Légy…

Finland: Domestic affairs: …2010 and was replaced by Mari Kiviniemi, who had already succeeded him as Centre Party leader. She became the second woman to hold the post of Finnish prime minister. In parliamentary elections in April 2011 the Centre Party dropped from 51 to 35 seats, tumbling to fourth place and out…

Lake Kivu, one of the great lakes of East Africa, situated between Congo (Kinshasa) to the west and Rwanda to the east. Lying at 4,790 feet (1,460 metres) above sea level, it occupies 1,040 square miles (2,700 square km) and is 55 miles (90 km) long (north-south) and 30 miles (50 km) wide

Oceanic art and architecture: The lower Fly River: On Kiwai, the large island at the mouth of the Fly River, initiation was marked by the display of naturalistic, almost life-size figures of ancestral men and women. Their heads were virtually identical with the masks made on Saibai Island in the Torres Strait. Small pendant…

Kamehameha I: …was divided between his son, Kiwalao, and his nephew, Kamehameha. Despite jealousy between the two cousins, relations were peaceful until July 1782, when a dispute between their chiefs at Keomo led to the outbreak of war. In the ensuing battle at Mokuohai, Kiwalao was slain. Kamehameha then embarked upon a…

Kiwanis International, worldwide community-service organization for men and women that was founded in Detroit, Mich., in 1915. In the late 20th century it had more than 300,000 members in about 8,000 clubs and 70 countries. The members of Kiwanis International seek to provide assistance to the

Uganda: The Republic of Uganda: Benedicto Kiwanuka, a Roman Catholic Ganda who was formerly chief minister, became the first prime minister, but in the elections in April 1962 he was displaced by Milton Obote, a Lango (Langi) who headed the Uganda Peoples Congress (UPC) party. At further discussions in London…

Martyrs of Uganda: Ambrose Kibuka, Anatole Kiriggwajjo, Achilles Kiwanuka, Mugagga, Mukasa Kiriwawanvu, Adolphus Mukasa Ludigo, Gyavira, and Kizito. The soldiers and officials Bruno Serunkuma, James Buzabaliawo, and Luke Banabakintu were martyred with them.

kiwi, any of five species of flightless birds belonging to the genus Apteryx and found in New Zealand. The name is a Maori word referring to the shrill call of the male. Kiwis are grayish brown birds the size of a chicken. They are related to the extinct moas. Kiwis are unusual in many respects:

kiwi, (Actinidia deliciosa), woody vine and edible fruit of the family Actinidiaceae. The plant is native to mainland China and Taiwan and is also grown commercially in New Zealand and California. The fruit has a slightly acid taste and can be eaten raw or cooked. The juice is sometimes used as a

kiwi, (Actinidia deliciosa), woody vine and edible fruit of the family Actinidiaceae. The plant is native to mainland China and Taiwan and is also grown commercially in New Zealand and California. The fruit has a slightly acid taste and can be eaten raw or cooked. The juice is sometimes used as a

New Zealand: Transportation and telecommunications: …a state-owned enterprise known as KiwiRail (New Zealand Railways Corporation). The railway network comprises a main trunk line spanning both islands via roll-on, roll-off ferries and branch lines linking most towns. Rail travel is notoriously slow, which discourages passenger travel, but service is efficient for large-scale movement of goods over…

Kyiv: Origins and foundation: …by three brothers, Kyi (Kiy), Shchek, and Khoryv (Khoriv), leaders of the Polyanian tribe of the East Slavs. Each established his own settlement on a hill, and these settlements became the town of Kyiv, named for the eldest brother, Kyi; a small stream nearby was named for their sister…

Akhenaten: Move to Akhetaton: …secondary wife of Akhenaten, called Kiya, who bears a distinctive epithet, quite different from Nefertiti’s, incorporating the phrase “the (king’s) greatly beloved wife.” While Tiy seems to have died during her son’s reign, the fate of Kiya is unclear, although her name at the Maru-Aton was usurped by that of…

Kyiv, chief city and capital of Ukraine. A port on the Dnieper (Dnipro) River and a large railroad junction, it is a city with an ancient and proud history. As the centre of Kyivan (Kievan) Rus, the first eastern Slavic state, 1,000 years ago, it acquired the title “Mother of Rus Cities.” It was

Jōchō: …who developed and perfected so-called kiyosehō, or joined-wood techniques.

asteroid: Later advances: In 1918 the Japanese astronomer Hirayama Kiyotsugu recognized clustering in three of the orbital elements (semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination) of various asteroids. He speculated that objects sharing those elements had been formed by explosions of larger parent asteroids, and he called such groups of asteroids “families.”

Minamoto Yoshiie: …years after this war, the Kiyowara family, which had aided the Minamoto family in the Earlier Nine Years’ War, began to challenge Minamoto rule in northern Japan. In a series of battles lasting from 1083 to 1087, Yoshiie’s reputation for ferocity in battle was not diminished. He eliminated the Kiyowaras…

Kizel, city, Perm oblast (region), west-central Russia. It lies on the western slope of the Ural Mountains, along the Kizel River. Founded in 1788, it developed in the 1890s following the construction of the railway to Perm and became a city in 1926. The present-day city serves as an industrial

Shintō: Shintō reaction against Buddhism: Konton (chaos), or Kizen (non-being), was the basic kami of the universe for Watarai Shintō and was regarded as the basis of all beings, including the buddhas and bodhisattvas. Purification, which had been practiced since the time of ancient Shintō, was given much deeper spiritual meanings. Shōjiki (defined…

Carolyn Kizer was an American poet whose biting satirical work reflects her involvement in feminist and human rights activities. She was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1985 for her collection Yin: New Poems (1984). After attending Sarah Lawrence College (B.A., 1945), Kizer did graduate

Carolyn Kizer was an American poet whose biting satirical work reflects her involvement in feminist and human rights activities. She was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1985 for her collection Yin: New Poems (1984). After attending Sarah Lawrence College (B.A., 1945), Kizer did graduate

Japanese performing arts: Tokugawa period: …a new type of play, kizewamono, or gangster play, which Namboku created and Mokuami developed. They wrote for the talents of star actors: Namboku wrote for the finest onnagata (female impersonator) of his time, Iwai Hanshirō V, and Mokuami wrote for Ichikawa Danjūrō IX and a remarkable actor of gangster…

Kizhi Island, island in Lake Onega, Karelia republic, northwestern Russia. The island, whose name originates from kizharsuari (“island of games”), was located on the important 14th-century trade route from the town of Novgorod to the White Sea. The settlement grew around the Spasskiy Church that

Kızıl Adalar, group of nine islands (adalar) in the Sea of Marmara a few miles southeast of Istanbul; they are part of Turkey. There are permanent inhabitants on the smallest island, Sedef Adası (ancient Antirobethos), and on the four larger islands, Büyükada (Prinkipo, ancient Pityoussa), Heybeli

Ziya Gökalp: …works include the verse collection Kızıl Elma (1915; “The Red Apple”). The title poem deals with an ancient Turkish myth in which universal sovereignty, symbolized in the apple, devolves on the Turks.

Kızıl River, river, the longest wholly within Turkey. It rises in the Kızıl Mountains (kızıl, “red”) in north-central Anatolia at an elevation of about 6,500 feet (1,980 m) and flows southwest, past the towns of Zara and Sivas. It then turns northward in a great crescent-shaped bend, where it