Kızıl River, river, the longest wholly within Turkey. It rises in the Kızıl Mountains (kızıl, “red”) in north-central Anatolia at an elevation of about 6,500 feet (1,980 m) and flows southwest, past the towns of Zara and Sivas. It then turns northward in a great crescent-shaped bend, where it

Kizilbash, any member of the seven Turkmen tribes who supported the Safavid dynasty (1501–1736) in Iran. As warriors, they were instrumental in the rise of the Safavid empire and became established as the empire’s military aristocracy. The name Kizilbash was given to them by Sunni Ottoman Turks in

Kizilbash, any member of the seven Turkmen tribes who supported the Safavid dynasty (1501–1736) in Iran. As warriors, they were instrumental in the rise of the Safavid empire and became established as the empire’s military aristocracy. The name Kizilbash was given to them by Sunni Ottoman Turks in

Mir: On March 13, 1986, cosmonauts Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyov were sent aloft aboard a Soyuz T spacecraft to rendezvous with Mir and become its first occupants. Between March 1987 and April 1996, five expansion modules were added to the core unit—Kvant 1 (1987), an astrophysics observatory; Kvant 2 (1989),…

Martyrs of Uganda: Adolphus Mukasa Ludigo, Gyavira, and Kizito. The soldiers and officials Bruno Serunkuma, James Buzabaliawo, and Luke Banabakintu were martyred with them.

pre-Columbian civilizations: Civil war on the eve of the Spanish conquest: …led by the able generals Quisquis (Kizkiz) and Challcuchima (Challku-chima), marched south and won a series of decisive victories at Cajamarca, Bombon, and Ayacucho. As they moved southward, Huascar formed another army to defend Cuzco from the invaders. His forces were defeated, and he was captured a few miles from…

Diet: The upper house, the House of Peers (Kizokuin), was almost wholly appointive. Initially, its membership was slightly less than 300, but it was subsequently increased to approximately 400. The peers were intended to represent the top rank and quality of the nation and to serve as a check upon…

Kizzuwadna, Hurrian kingdom of southeastern Anatolia near the Gulf of Iskenderun in present-day Turkey. Kizzuwadna concluded a treaty with the Hittite kingdom in the late 16th century bc and remained a major independent power until after 1340 bc, when it was reduced to a Hittite vassal state by

Kizzuwadna, Hurrian kingdom of southeastern Anatolia near the Gulf of Iskenderun in present-day Turkey. Kizzuwadna concluded a treaty with the Hittite kingdom in the late 16th century bc and remained a major independent power until after 1340 bc, when it was reduced to a Hittite vassal state by

Henrik Ibsen: First plays and directing: Kjaerlighedens komedie (1862; Love’s Comedy), a satire on romantic illusions, was violently unpopular, but it expressed an authentic theme of anti-idealism that Ibsen would soon make his own, and in Kongsemnerne (1863; The Pretenders) he dramatized the mysterious inner authority that makes a man a man, a king,…

20th-century Norwegian literature: After World War II: Jan Kjærstad’s breakthrough novel Homo Falsus; eller, det perfekte mord (1984; “Homo Falsus; or, The Perfect Murder”) exhibits postmodern features; his three-part “biography” of a fictional television celebrity, Jonas Wergeland, demonstrates how a skillful application of postmodernist strategies could lead to an exciting, multidimensional portrait…

Iceland: The arts of Iceland: …in number, these painters—such as Jóhannes Sveinsson Kjarval, famed for his portraits of Icelandic village life—highlighted the character and beauty of their country. Painting continues to thrive in Iceland, where artists have fused foreign influences with local heritage. The work of 20th-century sculptor Ásmundur Sveinsson is also a source of…

Kjeldahl method, in analytical chemistry, procedure widely used for estimating the nitrogen content of foodstuffs, fertilizers, and other substances, invented in 1883 by a Danish chemist, Johan G.C.T. Kjeldahl. The method consists essentially of transforming all nitrogen in a weighed sample into

Rudolf Kjellén was a Swedish political scientist and politician whose conservative theory of the state was influential beyond the borders of Sweden. Kjellén was educated at the University of Uppsala, and he taught at Gothenburg (1901–16) and Uppsala (from 1916). Kjellén is best known for the

Rudolf Kjellén was a Swedish political scientist and politician whose conservative theory of the state was influential beyond the borders of Sweden. Kjellén was educated at the University of Uppsala, and he taught at Gothenburg (1901–16) and Uppsala (from 1916). Kjellén is best known for the

Søren Kierkegaard: Three dimensions of the religious life of Søren Kierkegaard: …most notably Kjerlighedens gjerninger (1847; Works of Love), Training in Christianity, Til selvprøvelse (1851; For Self-Examination), and Dømmer selv! (1851; Judge for Yourselves!), go beyond Religiousness B to what might be called “Religiousness C.” The focus is still on Christianity, but now Christ is no longer just the paradox to…

Johan Ludvig Heiberg: …1830, and, under the name Interimsblade, from 1834 to 1837. In this journal he carried on many literary feuds but also featured many new talents, including Søren Kierkegaard and Hans Christian Andersen. Even such exponents of modern realism as Georg Brandes and Henrik Ibsen acknowledged debts of inspiration owed to…

Herman Wildenvey: …as in collections such as Kjærtegn (1916; “Caresses”), Høstens lyre (1931; “The Lyre of Autumn”), and many others. He was able to extract fresh effects from language and give new life to the most hackneyed phrases. Owls to Athens, a selection of his poems in English translation, was published in…

Lapland: …the northern part of the Kolen Mountains, which reach elevations of more than 6,500 feet (2,000 metres). On its Norwegian (western) side this range slopes abruptly and is deeply eroded into fjords and headlands and fractured into archipelagoes. The eastern flank of the range, which is situated in Swedish Lapland…

Lasse Kjus is a Norwegian Alpine skier who overcame a series of medical problems to become one of the world’s most consistent skiers in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Kjus took up skiing at age seven, and his first coach was Finn Aamodt, the father of his friend Kjetil Andre Aamodt. In 1990 either

Kyustendil, town, southwestern Bulgaria. It lies on the margin of a small alluvial basin in the Struma River valley at the foot of the Osogov Mountains. It was known in Roman times as Pautalia, or Ulpia Pautalia. Located on the site of a Thracian fortified settlement, it became an important town

Markos Vafiades: …insurgent, founding member of the Greek Communist Party, and commander of the communist-led Democratic Army in the civil war against the Greek government (1946–49).

Ku Klux Klan, either of two distinct U.S. hate organizations that employed terror in pursuit of their white supremacist agenda. One group was founded immediately after the Civil War and lasted until the 1870s. The other began in 1915 and has continued to the present. The 19th-century Klan was

Korean literature: Oral literature: …two puppet-show texts are extant, Kkoktukaksi nori (also called Pak Ch’ŏmjikuk; “Old Pak’s Play”) and Mansŏk chung nori. Both titles are derived from names of characters in the plays. No theory has been formulated as to the origin and development of these plays. The plots of the puppet plays, like…

RJR Nabisco, Inc.: …was merged into investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. Nabisco and Reynolds became independent with the 1999 spin-off of R.J. Reynolds shares. See Nabisco; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco.

Klyuchevskaya Volcano, active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula, far eastern Russia. It is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world, rising to a height of 15,584 feet (4,750 meters), the highest point on the peninsula. The volcano consists of a truncated cone with a central crater, with

Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), ethnic Albanian Kosovar militant group active during the 1990s that sought Kosovo’s independence from Serbia, a republic in the federation of Yugoslavia. Kosovo, which borders Albania, was a province of Serbia, which itself was a part of Yugoslavia (1929–2003). Kosovo

puppetry: Styles of puppet theatre: …Germany Kasperl, in the Netherlands Jan Klaassen, in Spain Christovita, and so on. All these characters are glove puppets; many speak through a squeaker in the mouth of the performer that gives a piercing and unhuman timbre to their voices; and all indulge in the fights and other business typical…

North Sulawesi: Geography: Mount Klabat on the Minahasa Peninsula rises to an elevation of 6,634 feet (2,022 metres). The coastal lowlands are narrow, the soils are fertile, and there are coral reefs offshore. The uplands are drained by many fast-flowing streams, including the Milango and the Marsa. The…

klaberjass, two-player trick-taking card game, of Dutch origin but especially popular in Hungary (as klob) and in Jewish communities throughout the world. From it derives belote, the French national card game. Klaberjass is played with a 32-card pack. In nontrump suits the trick-taking power of

klaberjass, two-player trick-taking card game, of Dutch origin but especially popular in Hungary (as klob) and in Jewish communities throughout the world. From it derives belote, the French national card game. Klaberjass is played with a 32-card pack. In nontrump suits the trick-taking power of

Klabund was an Expressionist poet, playwright, and novelist who adapted and translated works from Chinese, Japanese, Persian, and other non-Western literatures into German. His free, imaginative renderings include Der Kreidekreis (1924; The Circle of Chalk), a drama that inspired the German

Kladno, mining city, north-central Czech Republic, northwest of Prague. The two original forest villages of Kladno and Buštěhrad developed after 1842 as the industrial centre of the Kladno hard-coal basin. There are local deposits of iron, but most is imported. The town has blast furnaces and a

borane: Structure and bonding of boranes: … + 3)-cornered closo-polyhedron; and (5) klado- (Greek, meaning “branch”), n vertices of an n + 4-vertex closo-polyhedron occupied by n boron atoms. Members of the hypho- and klado- series are currently known only as borane derivatives. Linkage between two or more of these polyhedral borane clusters is indicated by the…

Katharina Klafsky was a Hungarian dramatic soprano known for her interpretations of roles in Richard Wagner’s operas. Klafsky was a chorus singer in Vienna in 1874 and later studied with the singer and teacher Mathilde Marchesi. She sang the part of Brangäne in the first Leipzig performance of

Klagenfurt, city, capital of Kärnten Bundesland (federal state), southern Austria. It lies along the Glan River in a basin east of Wörther Lake and north of the Karawanken Mountains. Founded in the 12th century and chartered in 1279, it passed to the Habsburgs in 1335. As it was largely destroyed

Ludwig Klages was a German psychologist and philosopher, distinguished in the field of characterology. He was also a founder of modern graphology (handwriting analysis). Educated in chemistry, physics, and philosophy at the University of Munich, where he also taught, Klages was a leader in the

Lars Wivallius: …och kalla vår” [1642; “Dirge over This Dry and Cold Spring”], in which the poet laments the season that he encountered upon his release from Kajaneborg).

White House Chief of Staff: The chief in the 21st century: …presidential election, Joe Biden selected Ron Klain, a longtime aide with experience in managing global public-health crises, as Biden led the national recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. For his second term, Trump chose his campaign manager and longtime lobbyist, Susie Wiles, as chief of staff, the first woman in that…

Klaipėda, city and port, Lithuania. It lies on the narrow channel by which the Curonian Lagoon and the Neman River connect with the Baltic Sea. Beside a small earlier settlement, the local population constructed a fortress in the early 13th century. In 1252 this fort was seized and destroyed by the

Memel dispute, post-World War I dispute regarding sovereignty over the former German Prussian territory of Memelland. Its seizure by Lithuania was eventually approved by the great powers. Before World War I, Memelland, an area on the Baltic Sea located to the north of the Neman (Memel) River,

Johann Klaj was a German poet who helped make mid-17th-century Nürnberg a centre of German literature. Klaj studied theology at the University of Wittenberg and then went to Nürnberg, where, with Georg Philipp Harsdörfer, he founded in 1644 the literary society known as the Pegnesischer Blumenorden

Modoc and Klamath: Klamath, two neighbouring North American Indian tribes who lived in what are now south-central Oregon and northern California, spoke related dialects of a language called Klamath-Modoc (which may be related to Sahaptin), and shared many cultural traits. Their traditional territory lay in the southern Cascade…

Klamath Falls, city, seat (1882) of Klamath county, southern Oregon, U.S. It lies at the southern end of Upper Klamath Lake, in the foothills of the Cascade Range. Once the territory of Klamath, Pit River, and Warm Springs Indians, the area was settled in 1867 at the falls of Link River by George

Klamath Mountains, segment of the Pacific mountain systemof western North America. The range extends southward for about 250 miles (400 km) from the foothills south of the Willamette Valley in southwestern Oregon, U.S., to the northwestern side of the Central Valley of California. The mountains

Klamath River, river rising in Upper Klamath Lake just above Klamath Falls, Oregon, U.S. It flows south for 1.25 miles (2 km) as the Link River to Lake Ewauna, where it emerges as the Klamath River, and continues generally southwesterly 250 miles (400 km) through the Klamath Mountains in California

Penutian languages: …languages), and Maiduan (four languages)—plus Klamath-Modoc, Cayuse (extinct), Molale (extinct), Coos, Takelma (extinct), Kalapuya, Chinook (not to be confused with Chinook Jargon, a trade language or lingua franca), Tsimshian, and

Franz Klammer is an Austrian Alpine skier who specialized in the downhill event, winning 25 World Cup downhill races in his career. He won the gold medal in the downhill event at the 1976 Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. Winner of eight of the nine downhill races on the World Cup tour in 1975,

Klang, city and port, west-central Peninsular (West) Malaysia. It lies on the Kelang River and the 40-mile (64-km) Kuala Lumpur–Port Kelang railway. The city is an administrative centre of a rubber- and fruit-growing district. During the 19th-century tin rush, Klang served as a port of entry to the

Karlheinz Stockhausen: …parts of another ambitious series, KLANG (“Sound”)—in segments that correspond to the 24 hours in a day—were premiered.

Tomas Tranströmer: … (1962; “The Half-Finished Heaven”), and Klanger och spår (1966; “Resonances and Tracks”), are composed in a more-personal style, with plainer diction and personal perspective more in evidence. In those and later books, Tranströmer’s poetic observations of nature combine richness of meaning with the utmost simplicity of style. As one critic…

scale: Other uses of the term scale: An example is the term Klangfarbenmelodie, used in some music to denote a carefully arranged succession of different tone colours.

György Klapka was a soldier and Hungarian nationalist, one of the leaders in the revolutionary war of 1848–49. Klapka entered the Austrian army in 1838, but on the formation of a Hungarian national force in the spring of 1848, he at once joined it. His energy and ability won him rapid promotion, to

Mulhouse: A reproduction of the Klapperstein, the evil gossips’ stone, hangs on the southwest facade; the original Klapperstein, now in the historical museum, is a stone weighing more than 25 pounds (12 kg), which was hung around the necks of malicious prattlers on fair days, a practice that persisted until…

Julius Heinrich Klaproth was a German Orientalist and explorer whose major work, Asia polyglotta nebst Sprachatlas (1823; “Asia Polyglotta with Language Atlas”), is one of the important early surveys of Oriental languages, notably the Caucasian languages, and is the only source of information on

Julius Heinrich Klaproth was a German Orientalist and explorer whose major work, Asia polyglotta nebst Sprachatlas (1823; “Asia Polyglotta with Language Atlas”), is one of the important early surveys of Oriental languages, notably the Caucasian languages, and is the only source of information on

Martin Heinrich Klaproth was a German chemist who discovered uranium (1789), zirconium (1789), and cerium (1803). He described them as distinct elements, though he did not obtain them in the pure metallic state. Klaproth was an apothecary for many years, but his own study of chemistry enabled him

Sweden: Drainage: The longest, however, is the Klar-Göta River, which rises in Norway and flows 447 miles (719 km), reaching Lake Väner (Vänern) and continuing southward out of the lake’s southern end to the North Sea; along its southernmost course are the famous falls of Trollhättan. The Muonio and Torne rivers form…

Kazuo Ishiguro: His next novel, Klara and the Sun (2021), is set in the near future and centres on a droid who serves as an “Artificial Friend” to a lonely child.

clarinet, single-reed woodwind instrument used orchestrally and in military and brass bands and possessing a distinguished solo repertory. It is usually made of African blackwood and has a cylindrical bore of about 0.6 inch (1.5 cm) terminating in a flared bell. All-metal instruments are made but

Beate and Serge Klarsfeld are a wife-and-husband team resident in Paris, internationally noted for their anti-Nazi and pro-Israel activities. Beate Kunzel, born a German Protestant, quit her secretarial job in Berlin at age 21, moved to Paris to study French, and met Serge Klarsfeld, whom she

Beate and Serge Klarsfeld: Beate Kunzel, born a German Protestant, quit her secretarial job in Berlin at age 21, moved to Paris to study French, and met Serge Klarsfeld, whom she married in 1963. Serge, a French Jew, had suffered under the Nazis—he, his mother, and his sister having…

Beate and Serge Klarsfeld: …to study French, and met Serge Klarsfeld, whom she married in 1963. Serge, a French Jew, had suffered under the Nazis—he, his mother, and his sister having hidden from the Gestapo in Nice in 1943 as his father was arrested, eventually to disappear in the death camp of Auschwitz. Serge…

Gertrude Lawrence was an English actress noted for her performances in Noël Coward’s sophisticated comedies and in musicals. Lawrence was the daughter of music hall performers, and from an early age she was trained to follow their career. She made her stage debut in December 1908 in a pantomime

Klasies, site of paleoanthropological excavations carried out since the late 1960s within a complex of South African coastal caves. Usually referred to as Klasies River Mouth, the site has yielded some of the oldest evidence of Homo sapiens. Discoveries made at Klasies have figured prominently in

Klasies, site of paleoanthropological excavations carried out since the late 1960s within a complex of South African coastal caves. Usually referred to as Klasies River Mouth, the site has yielded some of the oldest evidence of Homo sapiens. Discoveries made at Klasies have figured prominently in

Klasies, site of paleoanthropological excavations carried out since the late 1960s within a complex of South African coastal caves. Usually referred to as Klasies River Mouth, the site has yielded some of the oldest evidence of Homo sapiens. Discoveries made at Klasies have figured prominently in

Cindy Klassen is a Canadian speed skater who captured five medals at the 2006 Winter Games in Turin, Italy, the most won by a Canadian athlete at a single Olympics. Klassen was attracted to sports at an early age and quickly developed into one of Canada’s most versatile athletes. She competed in

Wilhelm Ostwald: Other notable activities of Wilhelm Ostwald: …science papers in his series Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften (“Classics of the Exact Sciences”), with more than 40 books published during the first four years. The history of chemistry, already part of his textbooks for educational reasons, became a subject of its own in many further books. He also published…

Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion: The Klau Library at Cincinnati has one of the most extensive compilations of Hebraica and Judaica in the United States, including outstanding collections on Benedict de Spinoza, Jewish sacred music, and Jewish Americana. The Hebrew Union College Museum (now Skirball Museum) was established in 1913. HUC-JIR’s…

Saint Nicholas of Flüe ; canonized 1947; feast day in Switzerland September 25, elsewhere March 21) was a hermit, popular saint, and Swiss folk hero. His intervention in a conflict between cantonal factions over the admission of Fribourg and Solothurn to the Swiss Confederation led to the agreement

Saint Nicholas of Flüe ; canonized 1947; feast day in Switzerland September 25, elsewhere March 21) was a hermit, popular saint, and Swiss folk hero. His intervention in a conflict between cantonal factions over the admission of Fribourg and Solothurn to the Swiss Confederation led to the agreement

Saint Nicholas of Flüe ; canonized 1947; feast day in Switzerland September 25, elsewhere March 21) was a hermit, popular saint, and Swiss folk hero. His intervention in a conflict between cantonal factions over the admission of Fribourg and Solothurn to the Swiss Confederation led to the agreement

Karl Karlovich Klaus was a Russian chemist (of German origin) credited with the discovery of ruthenium in 1844. Klaus was educated at Dorpat, where he became a pharmacist; later he taught chemistry and pharmacy at the universities of Dorpat and Kazan. Klaus was noted for his researches on the

Václav Klaus is a Czech economist and politician who served as prime minister (1993–97) and president (2003–13) of the Czech Republic. Klaus graduated from the University of Economics in Prague in 1963. He was a research worker at the Institute of Economics of the Czech Academy of Sciences in 1968

metalwork: Germany and the Low Countries: …was cast by Martin and Georg von Klausenberg, did not set a trend, though rich figure decoration is often found on large fonts dating from the 13th to the 15th century. Engraved tombstones and entire tombs based on earlier traditions continued to be made until the late Gothic era (the…

metalwork: Germany and the Low Countries: …Prague, which was cast by Martin and Georg von Klausenberg, did not set a trend, though rich figure decoration is often found on large fonts dating from the 13th to the 15th century. Engraved tombstones and entire tombs based on earlier traditions continued to be made until the late Gothic…

Cluj-Napoca, city, capital of Cluj județ (county), northwestern Romania. The historic capital of Transylvania, it is approximately 200 mi (320 km) northwest of Bucharest in the Someșul Mic River valley. The city stands on the site of an ancient Dacian settlement, Napoca, which the Romans made a

Amos Oz was an Israeli novelist, short-story writer, and essayist in whose works Israeli society is unapologetically scrutinized. Oz was educated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and at the University of Oxford. He served in the Israeli army (1957–60, 1967, and 1973). After the Six-Day War in

clavier, any stringed keyboard musical instrument in Germany from the late 17th century. The harpsichord, the clavichord, and, later, the piano bore the name. The Anglicized form of the name is often used in English discussions of such instruments in German music. It is also used in place of

piano, a keyboard musical instrument having wire strings that sound when struck by felt-covered hammers operated from a keyboard. The standard modern piano contains 88 keys and has a compass of seven full octaves plus a few keys. The vibration of the strings is transmitted to a soundboard by means

Elfriede Jelinek: …semiautobiographical novel Die Klavierspielerin (1983; The Piano Teacher, 1988) addressed issues of sexual repression; it was adapted for the screen in 2001. In her writings, Jelinek rejected the conventions of traditional literary technique in favour of linguistic and thematic experimentation.

aleatory music: …Cage, and Klavierstück XI (1956; Keyboard Piece XI), by Karlheinz Stockhausen of Germany.

Kle, town, western Liberia. It is a traditional trading centre among the Gola people. The B.F. Goodrich Company, Liberia, Inc., established a plantation, hospital, power plant, housing, schools, and roads to the west of the town, which began producing rubber in 1963. Pop. (2008)

War Stories: 13 Modern Writers Who Served in War: Phil Klay: Klay was born in Westchester, New York, in 1983 and attended Jesuit schools before studying creative writing at Dartmouth College. Shortly

Kle, town, western Liberia. It is a traditional trading centre among the Gola people. The B.F. Goodrich Company, Liberia, Inc., established a plantation, hospital, power plant, housing, schools, and roads to the west of the town, which began producing rubber in 1963. Pop. (2008)

Jean-Baptiste Kléber was a French general of the Revolutionary wars who suppressed the counterrevolutionary uprising in the Vendée area of western France in 1793. He later played a prominent role in Napoleon Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign (1798–1800). The son of a mason, Kléber was an officer in the

Edwin Klebs was a German physician and bacteriologist noted for his work on the bacterial theory of infection. With Friedrich August Johannes Löffler in 1884, he discovered the diphtheria bacillus, known as the Klebs-Löffler bacillus. Klebs was assistant to Rudolf Virchow at the Pathological

diphtheria: …disease caused by the bacillus Corynebacterium diphtheriae and characterized by a primary lesion, usually in the upper respiratory tract, and more generalized symptoms resulting from the spread of the bacterial toxin throughout the body.

klebsiella, (genus Klebsiella), any of a group of rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella organisms are categorized microbiologically as gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria. Klebsiella organisms occur in soil and water and on plants, and some strains

klebsiella, (genus Klebsiella), any of a group of rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella organisms are categorized microbiologically as gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria. Klebsiella organisms occur in soil and water and on plants, and some strains

klebsiella: Klebsiella pneumoniae, also called Friedländer’s bacillus, was first described in 1882 by German microbiologist and pathologist Carl Friedländer. K. pneumoniae is best known as a pathogen of the human respiratory system that causes pneumonia. The disease is usually seen only in patients with underlying medical…

klebsiella: oxytoca and K. planticola, which along with K. pneumoniae can cause human urinary tract and wound infections. K. planticola and certain strains of K. pneumoniae have been isolated from the roots of plants such as wheat, rice, and corn (maize), where they act as nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

klebsiella: Klebsiella pneumoniae, also called Friedländer’s bacillus, was first described in 1882 by German microbiologist and pathologist Carl Friedländer. K. pneumoniae is best known as a pathogen of the human respiratory system that causes pneumonia. The disease is usually seen only in patients with underlying medical…

klebsiella: K. variicola, which was discovered in 2004, also occurs on various plants, including rice, banana, and sugarcane. This species of bacteria has also been isolated from hospital settings, where it may act as an opportunistic pathogen, similar to other klebsiella organisms.

Paul Klee was a Swiss-German painter and draftsman who was one of the foremost artists of the 20th century. Klee’s mother, née Ida Maria Frick of Basel, and his German-born father, Hans Klee, were both trained as musicians. By Swiss law, Paul Klee held his father’s nationality; late in life he

Kleve, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies northwest of Düsseldorf, less than 5 miles (8 km) south of the Dutch border. It is connected with the Rhine River by a canal. The seat of the counts of Cleves from the 11th century, it was chartered in 1242. The county

Wisconsin: Constitutional framework: Rebecca Kleefisch, and four state senators. The governor and lieutenant governor escaped recall, and three of the four senate seats were retained by Republicans. One senate seat, however, was narrowly won by the Democratic challenger; this changed the balance of power in the senate to…

Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann is a German speed skater who dominated the sport throughout the 1990s, capturing eight world championships and eight Olympic medals. She left home for a sports school when she was 12 years old, originally playing volleyball but soon taking up athletics (track and field).

Stephen Cole Kleene was an American mathematician and logician whose work on recursion theory helped lay the foundations of theoretical computer science. Kleene was educated at Amherst College (A.B., 1930) and earned a Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University in 1934. After teaching briefly at