allometry: …well-known example of scaling (Kleiber’s law): metabolic rate scales as the 34 power of body mass.

Erich Kleiber was an Austrian conductor who performed many 20th-century works but was especially known for his performances of works by W.A. Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Richard Wagner, and Richard Strauss and for his fidelity to composers’ intentions. Kleiber studied in Prague and between 1912

Helmut Käutner: …as Kleider machen Leute (1940; “Clothes Make the Man”), the tale of a humble tailor mistaken for a Russian prince, and Auf Wiedersehen, Franziska! (1941; “Goodbye, Franziska!”), which concerns the marital troubles between a reporter and his neglected wife. When the authorities forced Käutner to add an illogical upbeat ending…

Brandenburg Gate: …the late 1990s by architect Josef Paul Kleihues to replace the pavilions that were destroyed during World War II. The gate is decorated with reliefs and sculptures designed by Gottfried Schadow, the majority of them based on the exploits of Heracles. In 1793 a quadriga statue depicting the goddess of…

Klein bottle, topological space, named for the German mathematician Felix Klein, obtained by identifying two ends of a cylindrical surface in the direction opposite that is necessary to obtain a torus. The surface is not constructible in three-dimensional Euclidean space but has interesting

Little Karoo, intermontane plateau basin in Western Cape province, South Africa, lying between the east-west oriented Groot-Swart Mountains (north), the Lange Mountains (southwest), and the Outeniqua Mountains (southeast), with the discontinuous Kammanassie Mountains running between those ranges.

graphene: The electronic structure of graphene: An example is the Klein paradox, in which ultra-relativistic quantum particles, contrary to intuition, penetrate easily through very high and broad energy barriers. Thus, graphene provides a bridge between materials science and some areas of fundamental physics, such as relativistic quantum mechanics.

Silesian Wars: …Silesia by the Truce of Klein Schnellendorf (Oct. 9, 1741). After further warfare from December 1741 to June 1742, the empress Maria Theresa of Austria decided to make peace with Frederick, ceding in the Treaty of Breslau (June 11, 1742) all of Silesia except the districts of Troppau, Teschen, and…

A.M. Klein was a Canadian poet whose verse reflects his strong involvement with Jewish culture and history. He was a member of the Montreal group, a coterie of poets who, influenced by the poets T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound and the novelist James Joyce, broke with the tradition of sentimental nature

A.M. Klein was a Canadian poet whose verse reflects his strong involvement with Jewish culture and history. He was a member of the Montreal group, a coterie of poets who, influenced by the poets T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound and the novelist James Joyce, broke with the tradition of sentimental nature

Donna Karan: …began working for sportswear designer Anne Klein, and it was around this time that she married boutique owner Mark Karan and took his name. The couple divorced in 1978.

Calvin Klein is an American fashion designer noted for his womenswear, menswear, jeans, cosmetics and perfumes, bed and bath linens, and other collections. Klein studied at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City and, after graduating in 1962, went to work as an apprentice designer for

Calvin Klein is an American fashion designer noted for his womenswear, menswear, jeans, cosmetics and perfumes, bed and bath linens, and other collections. Klein studied at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City and, after graduating in 1962, went to work as an apprentice designer for

Carole King is an American songwriter and singer (alto) who composed a string of hit songs in the 1960s and ’70s and was one of the most prolific female musicians in the history of pop music. King’s mother, Eugenia Gingold, an actress and theater critic, was the source of her early music education.

Carole King is an American songwriter and singer (alto) who composed a string of hit songs in the 1960s and ’70s and was one of the most prolific female musicians in the history of pop music. King’s mother, Eugenia Gingold, an actress and theater critic, was the source of her early music education.

Novembergruppe: …1918 by Max Pechstein and César Klein.

Felix Klein was a German mathematician whose unified view of geometry as the study of the properties of a space that are invariant under a given group of transformations, known as the Erlanger Programm, profoundly influenced mathematical developments. As a student at the University of Bonn (Ph.D.,

Felix Klein was a German mathematician whose unified view of geometry as the study of the properties of a space that are invariant under a given group of transformations, known as the Erlanger Programm, profoundly influenced mathematical developments. As a student at the University of Bonn (Ph.D.,

George S. Klein was an American psychologist and psychoanalyst best known for his research in perception and psychoanalytic theory. Klein received a B.A. from the City College of New York in 1938 and a Ph.D. in psychology from Columbia University in 1942. During the next four years he served in the

George S. Klein was an American psychologist and psychoanalyst best known for his research in perception and psychoanalytic theory. Klein received a B.A. from the City College of New York in 1938 and a Ph.D. in psychology from Columbia University in 1942. During the next four years he served in the

Lawrence R. Klein was an American economist whose work in developing macroeconometric models for national, regional, and world economies won him the 1980 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1942, Klein studied under economist Paul

Lawrence R. Klein was an American economist whose work in developing macroeconometric models for national, regional, and world economies won him the 1980 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1942, Klein studied under economist Paul

Martin Klein and Alfred Asikainen: The Match That Wouldn’t End: No one is quite certain why the Estonian Greco-Roman wrestler Martin Klein, who had competed in several international events under his nation’s flag, chose to appear at the 1912 Olympic Games wearing the uniform of tsarist Russia. It was a choice that may have stirred…

Melanie Klein was an Austrian-born British psychoanalyst known for her work with young children, in which observations of free play provided insights into the child’s unconscious fantasy life, enabling her to psychoanalyze children as young as two or three years of age. The youngest child of a

Naomi Klein is a Canadian author and activist whose debut book, No Logo (2000), made her one of the most prominent voices in the anti-globalization movement. Klein was born to a politically active family. Her grandfather, an animator for Disney, was fired and blacklisted for attempting to organize

brane: … in 1919 and Swedish physicist Oskar Klein in 1925 proposed a four-dimensional spatial theory, after Einstein’s discovery of general relativity in 1916. In general relativity, gravity arises from the shape of spacetime. Kaluza and Klein showed that with additional dimensions, other forces such as electromagnetism could arise in the same…

Robert Klein is an American comedian, actor, and singer who, along with Richard Pryor and George Carlin, transformed the art of stand-up comedy in the 1970s. The grandson of Hungarian Jewish immigrants on both sides of his family, Klein and his elder sister grew up “vertically” in an apartment in

street photography: After World War II: …the late 1940s and ’50s, William Klein, Lisette Model, Helen Levitt, Roy DeCarava, and Robert Frank were making careers of documenting American culture. The photographs they took were provocative and often contained vulgar or unaesthetic subject matter. Levitt,

Yves Klein was a French artist associated with the Parisian Nouveau Réalisme movement championed by the French critic Pierre Restany. The only painter in the founding group, Klein was a highly influential artist whose radical techniques and conceptual gestures laid the groundwork for much of the

non-Euclidean geometry: Hyperbolic geometry: In the Klein-Beltrami model (shown in the figure, top left), the hyperbolic surface is mapped to the interior of a circle, with geodesics in the hyperbolic surface corresponding to chords in the circle. Thus, the Klein-Beltrami model preserves “straightness” but at the cost of distorting angles. About…

radiation: Cross section and Compton scattering: The Klein–Nishina formula shows almost symmetrical scattering for low-energy photons about 90° to the beam direction. As the photon energy increases, the scattering becomes predominantly peaked in the forward direction, and, for photons with energies that are greater than five times the rest energy of the…

Basel: Kleinbasel, to the north, is the Rhine port and industrial section, with the buildings of the annual Swiss Industries Fair. Grossbasel, the older commercial and cultural center on the south bank, is dominated by the Romanesque and Gothic-style Münster (Protestant); consecrated in 1019, it was…

Austria: Revolution and counterrevolution, 1848–59: …exclusion of Austria altogether (the Kleindeutsch, or small German, position). Implicit in the latter position was that the new Germany would be greatly influenced if not dominated by Prussia, by far the most important German state next to Austria. In October 1848 the delegates agreed to invite the Austrian German…

Thomas Mann: Early literary endeavours: His early tales, collected as Der kleine Herr Friedemann (1898), reflect the aestheticism of the 1890s but are given depth by the influence of the philosophers Schopenhauer and Nietzsche and the composer Wagner, to all of whom Mann was always to acknowledge a deep, if ambiguous, debt. Most of Mann’s…

Heinrich Mann: …is Die kleine Stadt (1909; The Little Town).

sleep: Hypersomnia of central origin: …disorder of periodically excessive sleep, Kleine-Levin syndrome, is characterized by periods of excessive sleep lasting days to weeks, along with a ravenous appetite, hypersexuality, and psychotic-like behaviour during the few waking hours. The syndrome typically begins during adolescence, appears to occur more frequently in males than in females, and eventually…

Bertolt Brecht: …most important theoretical work, the Kleines Organon für das Theater (1949; “A Little Organum for the Theatre”). The essence of his theory of drama, as revealed in this work, is the idea that a truly Marxist drama must avoid the Aristotelian premise that the audience should be made to believe…

Kleinmeister, group of engravers, working mostly in Nürnberg in the second quarter of the 16th century, whose forms and subjects were influenced by the works of Albrecht Dürer. Their engravings were small and thus easily portable. Usually flawless in technique, they stressed topical, didactic,

Leonard Kleinrock is an American computer scientist who developed the mathematical theory behind packet switching and who sent the first message between two computers on a network that was a precursor of the Internet. Kleinrock received a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the City

Eskimo-Aleut languages: Alphabets and orthography: In 1851 Samuel Kleinschmidt, a German missionary of the Moravian Brethren, systematized the Greenlandic orthography, introducing a special letter and three accents to represent the distinctive sounds of the language. In 1973 the Kleinschmidt orthography was replaced by an orthography in the current Roman alphabet. Numerous publications…

Grease: Production and casting: Grease was directed by Randal Kleiser and filmed during 15 weeks in the summer of 1977 with a $6 million budget. In a 2023 article in The Guardian, actor Kelly Ward, who played T-Bird Putzie, remembered shooting the film as “a summer-long party.” Henry Winkler, who played Fonzie on…

Heinrich von Kleist was a German dramatist, among the greatest of the 19th century. Poets of the Realist, Expressionist, Nationalist, and Existentialist movements in France and Germany saw their prototype in Kleist, a poet whose demonic genius had foreseen modern problems of life and literature.

E. Georg von Kleist was a German administrator and cleric who discovered (1745) the Leyden jar, a fundamental electric circuit element for storing electricity, now usually referred to as a capacitor. The device was independently discovered at about the same time by Pieter van Musschenbroek, who

Ewald Christian von Kleist was a German lyric poet best known for his long poem Der Frühling, which, with its realistically observed details of nature, contributed to the development of a new poetic style. Brought up by Jesuits, he studied law and mathematics and then became an army officer, first

E. Georg von Kleist was a German administrator and cleric who discovered (1745) the Leyden jar, a fundamental electric circuit element for storing electricity, now usually referred to as a capacitor. The device was independently discovered at about the same time by Pieter van Musschenbroek, who

Heinrich von Kleist was a German dramatist, among the greatest of the 19th century. Poets of the Realist, Expressionist, Nationalist, and Existentialist movements in France and Germany saw their prototype in Kleist, a poet whose demonic genius had foreseen modern problems of life and literature.

Greenland: History of Greenland: …the vote, and party leader Kuupik Kleist worked quickly to form a coalition government prior to the expansion of home rule later that month.

Paul Ludwig von Kleist was a German general during World War II. Educated in a German military school, he served as a lieutenant of hussars and a regimental commander in World War I. After the Armistice, he served in various high staff appointments before being retired in 1939. He was recalled to

Kleitias was an Athenian vase painter and potter, one of the most outstanding masters of the Archaic period, the artist of the decorations on the François Vase. This vase, a volute krater painted in the black-figure style, is among the greatest treasures of Greek art. Dating from c. 570 bce, it was

Bill Klem was an American professional baseball umpire of the National League who is considered by many the greatest umpire of all time. Klem is credited with the introduction of hand and arm signals to indicate calls of pitched balls and strikes and foul and fair batted balls. He was also famous

Bill Klem was an American professional baseball umpire of the National League who is considered by many the greatest umpire of all time. Klem is credited with the introduction of hand and arm signals to indicate calls of pitched balls and strikes and foul and fair batted balls. He was also famous

Saint Clement Mary Hofbauer was canonized on May 20, 1909; his feast day is March 15 and he is the patron saint of Vienna. The son of a butcher, Hofbauer worked as a butcher until 1780. Educated at Vienna University and ordained in 1785, he was authorized to establish Redemptorist monasteries in

Gustav Friedrich Klemm was a German anthropologist who developed the concept of culture and is thought to have influenced the prominent English anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Tylor. Klemm spent most of his life as director of the royal library at Dresden. Distinguishing three stages of cultural

ECKANKAR: …1981 passed his authority to Harold Klemp. Shortly after Klemp assumed authority, religious studies scholar David Christopher Lane charged that Twitchell had falsified much of his account of the origin of ECK. Klemp later acknowledged some truth in Lane’s accusations but asserted that the essential truth of ECK was unaffected.…

Otto Klemperer was one of the outstanding German conductors of his time. Klemperer studied in Frankfurt and Berlin and on the recommendation of Gustav Mahler was made conductor of the German National Theatre at Prague in 1907. Between 1910 and 1927 he conducted opera at Hamburg, Barmen, Strassburg,

Sir Henry J. Wood was a conductor, the principal figure in the popularization of orchestral music in England in his time. Originally an organist, Wood studied composition at the Royal Academy of Music, London, from 1886. In 1889 he toured as a conductor with the Arthur Rousbey Opera Company and

Leo von Klenze was a German architect who was one of the most important figures associated with Neoclassicism in Germany. After having studied public building finance in Berlin with David Gilly, Klenze moved to Munich in 1813; he went to Paris in 1814, where he met Ludwig, then crown prince of

Leo von Klenze was a German architect who was one of the most important figures associated with Neoclassicism in Germany. After having studied public building finance in Berlin with David Gilly, Klenze moved to Munich in 1813; he went to Paris in 1814, where he met Ludwig, then crown prince of

Kleophrades Painter was an Attic vase painter, among the finest of the late Archaic period. He was the son of the Amasis Potter and probably a student of the vase painter Euthymides. The Kleophrades Painter was the decorator of vessels made by the Kleophrades Potter. About 150 vessels and fragments

armatole: …armatoles and were known as klephts (from the Greek kleptes, “brigand”). These klephts might sometimes be recognized by the Turkish authorities as armatoles, while the armatoles who were out of favour continued as klephts. The two terms came to be used indiscriminately. Both armatoles and klephts played important roles in…

Klephtic ballad, any of the songs and poems extolling the adventures of the Klephts, Greek nationalists living as outlaws in the mountains during the period of Ottoman rule over Greece, which reached from 1453 until 1832, when Greece formally became independent. Containing some of the most

kleptocracy, in politics, a form of government by individuals who primarily seek personal gain at the expense of those they govern. Kleptocracy is a major problem both in individual countries and internationally, as kleptocratic countries tend to adopt broadly destructive policies and to subvert

kleptocracy, in politics, a form of government by individuals who primarily seek personal gain at the expense of those they govern. Kleptocracy is a major problem both in individual countries and internationally, as kleptocratic countries tend to adopt broadly destructive policies and to subvert

kleptomania, recurrent compulsion to steal without regard to the value or use of the objects stolen. Although widely known and sometimes used as an attempted legal defense by arrested thieves, genuine kleptomania is a fairly rare mental disorder. A kleptomaniac may hide, give away, or secretly

sweat bee: Life cycle and nesting: …nests; instead, they engage in kleptoparasitism, meaning they enter the nests of other species, eat their eggs, and then lay their own eggs in that provisioned nest, effectively stealing the resources collected by the other species. See also cuckoo bee.

F.W. de Klerk was a politician who as president of South Africa (1989–94) brought the apartheid system of racial segregation to an end and negotiated a transition to majority rule in his country. He and Nelson Mandela jointly received the 1993 Nobel Prize for Peace for their collaboration in

Michel de Klerk was an architect and leader of the school of Amsterdam, which stressed individualism, fantasy, and picturesqueness in its architectural design. De Klerk worked as a draftsman, then studied in Scandinavia, later returning to Amsterdam. His Hille Building (1911) is considered the

Klerksdorp, town and principal center of the Klerksdorp-area goldfields, North-West province, South Africa. It lies approximately 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Johannesburg. The “old town,” which was founded in 1837 on the Schoonspruit River near its confluence with the Vaal River, was the first

āsrāva, in Buddhist philosophy, the illusion that ceaselessly flows out from internal organs (i.e., five sense organs and the mind). To the unenlightened, every existence becomes the object of illusion or is inevitably accompanied by illusion. Such an existence is called sāsrava. Even if one leads

Melchior Klesl was an Austrian statesman, bishop of Vienna and later a cardinal, who tried to promote religious toleration during the Counter-Reformation in Austria. Converted from Protestantism by the Jesuits, he became an outstanding preacher and served as bishop of Vienna from the 1590s. Klesl

chromatography: Subsequent developments: The German chemist Ernst Klesper and his colleagues working at Johns Hopkins University were the first to report separation of the porphyrins with dense gases in 1962. Carbon dioxide at 400 atmospheres is a typical supercritical-fluid mobile phase. (One atmosphere equals 760 millimetres, or 29.92 inches, of mercury;…

Orchestre de la Suisse Romande: Other music directors included Paul Kletzki (1967–70), Wolfgang Sawallisch (1970–80), Horst Stein (1980–85), Armin Jordan (1985–97), Fabio Luisi (1997–2002), Pinchas Steinberg (2002–05), Marek Janowski (2005–12), and Neeme Järvi (2012–15).

Scholasticism: Enduring features: …which was a German Jesuit, Joseph Kleutgen, who published a voluminous scholarly apology of patristic and Scholastic theology and philosophy and was also responsible for the outline of the papal encyclical Aeterni Patris of Leo XIII (1879), which explicitly proclaimed the “instauration of Christian philosophy according to St. Thomas.” The…

Kleve, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies northwest of Düsseldorf, less than 5 miles (8 km) south of the Dutch border. It is connected with the Rhine River by a canal. The seat of the counts of Cleves from the 11th century, it was chartered in 1242. The county

Yiddish literature: The classic writers: The Parasite). Abramovitsh wrote his most important works while residing in Berdychev (now Berdychiv), Zhitomir (now Zhytomyr), and Odessa (all now in Ukraine). He was influenced by the Haskala during the 1850s and began his literary career writing in Hebrew. At that time, however, the…

klezmer music, genre of music derived from and built upon eastern European music in the Jewish tradition. The common usage of the term developed about 1980; historically, a klezmer (plural: klezmorim or klezmers) was a male professional instrumental musician, usually Jewish, who played in a band

Karl Klič was a Czech graphic artist and printer who in 1878 invented the most precise and (despite its slowness) commercially successful method of photogravure printing. Later he was associated with the English printer Samuel Fawcett, and in 1895 he established the first rotogravure firm, the

Kid Chocolate: …the seventh round by American Frankie Klick. Meanwhile, Chocolate lost a title shot against the world lightweight (135 pounds) champion, American Tony Canzoneri, on Nov. 24, 1933, when he was knocked out in the second round. Although Chocolate was recognized in New York as the “world” featherweight champion following his…

motion-picture technology: Light sources: …arc instruments, such as the Klieg light (made by Kliegl Brothers and used for stage shows) were adapted for motion pictures. After the industry converted to sound in 1927, however, the sputtering created by carbon arcs caused them to be replaced by incandescent lighting. Fresnel-lens spotlights then became the standard.…

Karl Klič was a Czech graphic artist and printer who in 1878 invented the most precise and (despite its slowness) commercially successful method of photogravure printing. Later he was associated with the English printer Samuel Fawcett, and in 1895 he established the first rotogravure firm, the

Gordon McLendon and KLIF: Gordon McLendon, the Texas broadcaster who is credited (along with Todd Storz and Bill Stewart) with the creation of Top 40 radio, owned KLIF in Dallas, Texas. In 1953 he switched from live music and magazine-style programming to records and disc jockeys. By then an…

Rudolf Oskar Robert Williams Geiger: …Klima der bodennahen Luftschicht (1927; The Climate near the Ground), a comprehensive survey of microclimatological observations and of the effects of microclimate on plants, animals, and humans. This book remains a valuable basic reference source in the study of climate.

Ivan Klíma is a Czech author whose fiction and plays were long banned by his country’s communist rulers. Klíma spent three boyhood years in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II, an experience he recorded in his first published writing in 1945. His first book, Mezi třemi hranicemi (1960;

Sofia: …of Agricultural Sciences, and the University of Sofia (1888), the oldest establishment of higher learning in Bulgaria. The city also contains the Cyril and Methodius National Library, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre and Opera House, an astronomical observatory, and a number of museums. In addition to the restored St. George,…

Sofia: …of Agricultural Sciences, and the University of Sofia (1888), the oldest establishment of higher learning in Bulgaria. The city also contains the Cyril and Methodius National Library, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre and Opera House, an astronomical observatory, and a number of museums. In addition to the restored St. George,…

Bill Klem was an American professional baseball umpire of the National League who is considered by many the greatest umpire of all time. Klem is credited with the introduction of hand and arm signals to indicate calls of pitched balls and strikes and foul and fair batted balls. He was also famous

graphic novel: The graphic novel grows up: Andrzej Klimowski’s The Depository (1994) and The Secret (2002), for example, seem close to 21st-century versions of the woodcut novels of Masereel and Ward, and his Horace Dorlan (2007) sits somewhere between those woodcut novels, Franz Kafka’s novels and stories, and Paul Auster’s New York…

Gustav Klimt was an Austrian painter, founder of the school of painting known as the Vienna Sezession. After studying at the Vienna School of Decorative Arts, Klimt in 1883 opened an independent studio specializing in the execution of mural paintings. His early work had a classical style that was

Gustav Ucicky was an Austrian film director known for historical and nationalistic German films done during Adolf Hitler’s rise to power. Ucicky began his career as a cameraman with director Michael Curtiz. He moved to Germany in 1928 and became involved in the state-subsidized studio UFA. His

Pyotr Klimuk is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three times in space and was head of the Yury Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre near Moscow. Klimuk became a cosmonaut trainee in 1965, at age 23. Between 1967 and 1969 he trained for a flight around the Moon that was eventually canceled. He flew his

Klin, city, Moscow oblast (region), western Russia. First documented in 1234, it was for long a fort between the principalities of Moscow and Tver. In the 18th century, after a period of unimportance, Klin became a transport centre on the Moscow–St. Petersburg road. In Soviet times the city became

Moscow: …of its relief is the Klin-Dmitrov Ridge, which stretches roughly east-west across the oblast, north of Moscow city. The ridge, a line of terminal moraines, reaches a height of 1,000 feet (300 metres) with a steep northern slope to the boulder clay plain of the upper Volga River. South of…

Franz Kline was an American artist who was one of the leading painters of the post-World War II Abstract Expressionist movement. Kline studied at Boston University (1931–35) and at the Heatherley School of Art, London (1937–38), settling in New York City in the latter year. He was originally a

Kevin Kline is an American actor who was a well-rounded and respected stage actor before beginning a film career. Kline is known both for his low-key intensity in dramatic roles and as a master of physical comedy. Notable movies included Sophie’s Choice (1982), A Fish Called Wanda (1988), and In &

Kevin Kline is an American actor who was a well-rounded and respected stage actor before beginning a film career. Kline is known both for his low-key intensity in dramatic roles and as a master of physical comedy. Notable movies included Sophie’s Choice (1982), A Fish Called Wanda (1988), and In &

race: Race and intelligence: …was the revelation by psychologist Otto Klineberg in the 1930s that Blacks in four northern states did better on average than whites in the four southern states where expenditures on education were lowest. Klineberg’s analysis pointed to a direct correlation between income and social class and performance on IQ tests.…

Klinefelter syndrome, disorder of the human sex chromosomes that occurs in males. Klinefelter syndrome is one of the most frequent chromosomal disorders in males, occurring in approximately 1 in every 500 to 1,000 males. It results from an unequal sharing of sex chromosomes very soon after

Klinefelter syndrome, disorder of the human sex chromosomes that occurs in males. Klinefelter syndrome is one of the most frequent chromosomal disorders in males, occurring in approximately 1 in every 500 to 1,000 males. It results from an unequal sharing of sex chromosomes very soon after

Klinefelter syndrome: Klinefelter syndrome is named for Harry Klinefelter, an American physician who in 1942 described a set of symptoms that characterized the condition. The syndrome was first identified with a specific chromosomal abnormality in 1959 by British researcher Patricia A. Jacobs and her colleagues.

Florence Harding was an American first lady (1921–23), the wife of Warren G. Harding, 29th president of the United States. Energetic, strong-willed, and popular, she was an important influence on her husband’s business and political careers. Daughter of Amos and Louisa Bouton Kling, Florence Kling