Aleijadinho was a prolific and influential Brazilian sculptor and architect whose Rococo statuary and religious articles complement the dramatic sobriety of his churches. Aleijadinho, the son of the Portuguese architect Manoel Francisco Lisboa and an African woman, was born with a degenerative

Oceti Sakowin: The beginning of the struggle for the West: …under the leadership of Chief Little Crow mounted a bloody attempt to clear their traditional territory of outsiders. U.S. troops soon pacified the region, but only after more than 400 settlers, 70 U.S. soldiers, and 30 Dakota had been killed. More than 300 Dakota men were condemned to death for…

the Cumbraes: Little Cumbrae measures 1 square mile (2.6 square km) and is separated from its larger neighbour by the Tan, a strait 0.5 mile (0.9 km) wide. It reaches an elevation of 406 feet (124 metres). Nearly all of the population of the two islands lives…

Edgar Degas: A versatile technician: …the tantalizingly lifelike wax sculpture, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen (1878–81). Shown at the Impressionist exhibition of 1881, this work carried the possibilities of visual realism to new extremes by incorporating an actual reduced-scale tutu, ballet slippers, a human-hair wig, and a silk ribbon.

Tatum O’Neal: O’Neal’s subsequent movies included Little Darlings (1980), in which she costarred with Kristy McNichol; the biopic Basquiat (1996); and The Scoundrel’s Wife (2002). During much of the time from the mid-1980s, however, O’Neal was better known for her troubled marriage to tennis star John McEnroe and for her struggles…

Danny DeVito: Career: …Devil in the animated sitcom Little Demon (2022).

Victoria: Drainage and soils: Similarly, the Little Desert, which straddles the state’s western boundary just to the south of the Big Desert, consists of deep sands, deficient in zinc and copper, that render the land unsuitable for settlement. Otherwise, the light soils of the Mallee are easily cultivated, and the development…

the Beach Boys: Surfer Girl: …rock power (for example, “Little Deuce Coupe,” “Fun, Fun, Fun,” “I Get Around,” and “Don’t Worry Baby”).

Diomede Islands, two small islands in the Bering Strait, lying about 2.5 miles (4 km) apart and separated by the U.S.–Russian boundary, which coincides with the International Date Line. The larger island, Big Diomede (Russian: Ostrov Ratmanova [Ratmanov Island]), has an area of 4 square miles (10

cerebral palsy: …the arms and hands (Little diplegia), or only the legs may be affected (paraplegia). The cerebral damage causing spastic cerebral palsy primarily affects the neurons and connections of the cerebral cortex, either of one cerebral hemisphere (contralateral to paralysis), as in infantile hemiplegia, or of both hemispheres, as in…

The Little Dipper, constellation of seven stars of the larger constellation Ursa Minor

Grace Paley: …first volume of short stories, The Little Disturbances of Man: Stories of Men and Women at Love (1959), was noted for its realistic dialogue. It was followed by Enormous Changes at the Last Minute (1974) and Later the Same Day (1985), both of which continued her compassionate, often comic, exploration…

Domesday Book: …preserved in volume II (Little Domesday), which, for some reason, was never summarized and added to the larger volume.

Alec Guinness: … (1984) and William Dorrit in Little Dorrit (1987). In 1980 he won a special Academy Award for memorable film performances.

Little Dorrit, novel by Charles Dickens, published serially from 1855 to 1857 and in book form in 1857. The novel attacks the injustices of the contemporary English legal system, particularly the institution of debtors’ prison. Amy Dorrit, referred to as Little Dorrit, is born in and lives much of

John le Carré: In The Little Drummer Girl (1983; film 1984; television miniseries 2018) a young actress is persuaded by the Israeli secret service to infiltrate a Palestinian terrorist group. Le Carré’s later novels include A Perfect Spy (1986; miniseries 1987), the story of a double agent; The Russia…

George Roy Hill: Later work: Moviegoers also avoided The Little Drummer Girl (1984), an adaptation of the complicated John le Carré novel. After directing Chevy Chase in the comedy Funny Farm (1988), Hill left Hollywood to teach drama at Yale.

egret: The little egret (E. garzetta), of the Old World, about 55 cm long, is white with firm plumes on the head and lacy plumes on the back.

burlesque show: …with the belly dancing of Little Egypt at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago (1893), established such stars as Ann Corio, Gypsy Rose Lee, Margie Hart, and Georgia Southern. Censorship and “clean-up” policies, and then the competition of motion pictures, led to the decline of burlesque. By the early 1960s…

lousewort: For example, the little elephant (P. groenlandica) presents the aspect of head, trunk, and ears of an elephant in its pink flowers, which are 2.5 cm (1 inch) long.

Emily, fictional character, the childhood playmate and first love of David Copperfield in Charles Dickens’s novel David Copperfield

Little Entente, mutual defense arrangement among Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Romania during the period between World Wars I and II. Based on several treaties (1920–21), it was directed against German and Hungarian domination in the Danube River basin and toward the protection of the members’

epyllion, brief narrative poem in dactylic hexameter of ancient Greece, usually dealing with mythological and romantic themes. It is characterized by lively description, miniaturistic attitude, scholarly allusion, and an elevated tone similar to that of the elegy. Such poems were especially popular

Little Eva, fictional character, the frail, angelic daughter of a Southern slave owner who befriends the black slave Uncle Tom, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1851–52) by Harriet Beecher

Little Eyolf, play in three acts by Henrik Ibsen, published in Norwegian as Lille Eyolf in 1894 and produced the following year. This complex psychological drama is acclaimed for its subtle intricacies and profound ironies. Alfred Allmers returns from his mountain retreat to discover that his

Minnehaha Falls, waterfall in Minnehaha Park, Minneapolis, eastern Minnesota, U.S. It is formed by Minnehaha Creek, which flows to the Mississippi River from Lake Minnetonka. The falls have a drop of 53 feet (16 metres) and were known earlier as Little Falls or Brown’s Falls. They were immortalized

Little Falls, city, seat (1856) of Morrison county, central Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Mississippi River, in an agricultural and lake area, about 30 miles (50 km) north of St. Cloud. Sioux and Ojibwa Indians were early inhabitants of the area. The community was settled in 1848, and the

Bonnie Raitt: …such as Jackson Browne and Little Feat. Her first three albums largely comprised traditional blues material and introduced Raitt’s supple phrasing, feminist stance, and keen abilities as a slide guitarist. In 1973 she began recording more-polished pop material, culminating in her first hit single, a 1977 reworking of Del Shannon’s…

Celeste Ng: …be another hit, and a television adaptation—produced by Ng and actors Kerry Washington and Reese Witherspoon, among others—was released in 2020. Ng’s third novel, Our Missing Hearts (2022), was also well received by critics. It reflects contemporary social issues in its dystopian vision of an America where the government censors…

Celeste Ng: …success with a second novel, Little Fires Everywhere. The book begins with a striking image of a house aflame and then rewinds to examine the relationship between two families: the Richardsons, an affluent white family, and the Warrens, a mother and daughter with a mysterious past. Interlocking subplots converge in…

St. Thérèse of Lisieux ; canonized May 17, 1925; feast day October 1) was a Carmelite nun whose service to her Roman Catholic order, although outwardly unremarkable, was later recognized for its exemplary spiritual accomplishments. She was named a doctor of the church by Pope John Paul II in 1997.

Italian literature: Religious and historical literature: …Fioretti di San Francesco (The Little Flowers of St. Francis of Assisi).

Robert De Niro: Comedies and later work: …Meet the Fockers (2004) and Little Fockers (2010). In 2008 De Niro reteamed with Pacino in the police drama Righteous Kill, and the following year he starred in Everybody’s Fine, portraying a widower who discovers various truths about his adult children. He later took supporting roles in the thrillers Machete…

Waukegan, city, seat (1841) of Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on a high bluff above Lake Michigan, about 40 miles (65 km) north of Chicago. One of the oldest communities in the state, it was originally a Potawatomi Indian settlement. It was visited by the French explorer Jacques

The Little Foxes, drama in three acts by Lillian Hellman, a chronicle of greed and hate in a ruthless family in the American South, produced and published in 1939. The play is set in the South at the turn of the 20th century and concerns the manipulative Regina Giddens and her two brothers, Ben and

William Wyler: Films of the 1940s of William Wyler: …having remarried) next collaborated on The Little Foxes (1941), a chronicle of greed and hate in a ruthless family that was based on Hellman’s Southern gothic play of the same name. A favourite with critics, the film was nominated for an Academy Award, as were Wyler (best director), Davis (best…

Donna Tartt: The Secret History and The Little Friend: …her eagerly anticipated second work, The Little Friend (2002), which is set in the South and traces the attempt of a 12-year-old girl to avenge the death of her brother. In terms of tone, setting, and plot, the work is almost the antithesis of her first novel. The Little Friend…

Ruth Orkin: …Engel collaborated on the film Little Fugitive (1953), which follows a young boy who has run away from home to Coney Island under the false impression that he has killed his older brother. The film won the Silver Lion at the 1953 Venice Film Festival and was nominated for an…

Alfred Stieglitz: The Photo-Secession: …protégé Steichen, Stieglitz opened the Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession, a name soon shortened to 291, the gallery’s address on lower Fifth Avenue in New York City. During the gallery’s first four years it most often functioned as an exhibition space for the Photo-Secession photographers. By the 1909 season, however,…

Ghaghara River: Kuwana, the Rapti, and the Little Gandak rivers—all flow into the Ghaghara from the mountains to the north. Together with the Ganges and its tributaries, it has helped form the vast alluvial plain of northern Uttar Pradesh. Along its lower course it is also called the Sarju River (the Sarabos…

Rakahanga Atoll, one of the northern Cook Islands, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean. It is a sparsely populated rectangular coral atoll 3 miles (5 km) long comprising eight islets. Rakahanga has also been known as Grand Duke Alexander Island,

Roy Del Ruth: Early films: …five more films in 1933: The Little Giant, with Edward G. Robinson in good comic form as a beer baron who, after the repeal of Prohibition, tries to enter society and falls in love with a struggling socialite (Mary Astor); The Mind Reader, with William as a con man who…

Little Gidding, poem by T.S. Eliot, originally appearing in 1942, both in the New English Weekly and in pamphlet form. The next year, it was published in a volume with the previous three poems of The Four Quartets. “Little Gidding” is written in five sections in strong-stress metre; it concludes

chorus frog: …115 inches) long, but the little grass frog (P. ocularis) reaches a maximum of 1.9 cm (34 inch), and Strecker’s chorus frog (P. streckeri) may grow to 4.5 cm (145 inches).

Walter Mosley: …revealed to have survived in Little Green (2013), in which he becomes involved in locating a young man who has disappeared after visiting the Sunset Strip. Later books in the series included Rose Gold (2014), Charcoal Joe (2016), and Blood Grove (2021).

gull: …the smallest gull is the little gull (L. minutus), a black-headed species of Europe and occasionally North America.

Miami: The contemporary city: The Little Havana district, just west of downtown, developed as a largely Cuban enclave within the city. Its annual Calle Ocho festival (March; part of the Carnaval Miami celebration) draws large crowds of visitors. Little Haiti, to the north of downtown, developed as a primarily Haitian…

history of flight: Turbine-powered helicopters: In 1947 the McDonnell “Little Henry” used a similar principle, using ramjets mounted at each end of the two-blade rotor for power. A Garrett Air Research gas turbine, normally used for auxiliary power units, supplied the motive air. The military was the primary market for early turbine-powered, or turboshaft,…

Lucinda Williams: It was followed by Little Honey (2008) and Blessed (2011), both of which also found acclaim. In 2014 Williams resolved her problems working with commercial record labels by founding her own label, Highway 20 Records, and that same year she released the double album Down Where the Spirit Meets…

Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan to c. 1700 ce: …the Aral Sea; and the Little Horde, between the Aral Sea and the Ural River. In each horde the authority of the khan tended to be curtailed by the power exercised by tribal chieftains, known as sultans, and perhaps even more by the beys and batyrs (the heads of the…

Aubrey Plaza: Safety Not Guaranteed and Ingrid Goes West: …following year she appeared in The Little Hours, a black comedy about medieval nuns based on a story from The Decameron, and starred in Ingrid Goes West, a comedy-drama about a young woman who travels to California to stalk her favorite social media influencer, played by Elizabeth Olsen. In 2019…

Ara: The Little House at Ara is a building that was defended by the British against Kunwar Singh during the Indian Mutiny in 1857–58. Ara was constituted a municipality in 1865. Pop. (2001) 203,380; (2011) 261,430.

Helen Moore Sewell: In 1932 she illustrated Little House in the Big Woods, Laura Ingalls Wilder’s first book. Others followed in the Little House series. She also illustrated classic works by American poet Emily Dickinson and British authors Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë, and A.A. Milne.

Saint Giuseppe Cottolengo: …of the Societies of the Little House of Divine Providence and of 14 religious congregations.

Little House on the Prairie, American television family drama that aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network for nine seasons (1974–83) and was loosely based on the series of “Little House” children’s books by Laura Ingalls Wilder. The show consistently ranked among the top programs

children’s literature: Peaks and plateaus (1865–1940): Her Little House books, nine in all, started in 1932 with The Little House in the Big Woods. The entire series, painting an unforgettable picture of pioneer life, is a masterpiece of sensitive recollection and clean, effortless prose.

Arthur Saint-Léon: …series of ballets, most successfully The Little Hump-backed Horse (1864), which was notable for its injection of Russian folklore in both the plot and the dances. It remained in the Russian repertory for many years until being superseded, in Soviet times, by a version with new choreography and music.

Little Alfold, extensive basin occupying the northwestern part of Transdanubia in northwestern Hungary, and extending into Austria and Slovakia (where it is called Podunajská Lowland). It has an area of approximately 3,000 square miles (8,000 square km). It is bounded on the south and east by the

Mount Vernon: The estate, originally called Little Hunting Creek Plantation, consisted of about 5,000 acres (2,000 hectares). It descended by inheritance from John Washington, the first of the family in America, to his son Lawrence, who in turn devised it to his daughter Mildred. From Mildred it was purchased in 1726…

Little Ice Age (LIA), climate interval that occurred from the early 14th century through the mid-19th century, when mountain glaciers expanded at several locations, including the European Alps, New Zealand, Alaska, and the southern Andes, and mean annual temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere

Lee Krasner: In 1946 she began her Little Image paintings, a tightly focused series of works in which her use of dots and drips of paint were inspired by Pollock’s “drip paintings” of the period. In these and her collages of the early 1950s, Krasner often worked on a small scale, which…

Roy Eldridge was an American trumpeter, one of the great creative musicians of the 1930s. A child prodigy, Eldridge began his professional career in 1917 when, on New Year’s Eve, he played the drums in his elder brother’s band. He went to New York City in 1930 and played in the trumpet sections of

Antoine de La Sale: …writer chiefly remembered for his Petit Jehan de Saintré, a romance marked by a great gift for the observation of court manners and a keen sense of comic situation and dialogue.

Television: With Television’s first single, “Little Johnny Jewel” (1975), and much-touted debut album, Marquee Moon (1977), the extended guitar solo found a place in a movement that generally rebelled against intricate musicianship. The principal members were Tom Verlaine (original name Thomas Miller; b. December 13, 1949, Mount Morris, New Jersey,…

Atlas Mountains: Climate of the Atlas Mountains: …of Mount Babor in the Little Kabylie region are covered with snow for four or five months, while the Moroccan High Atlas retains its snows until the height of summer. Winter in the Atlas is hard, imposing severe conditions upon the inhabitants.

Atlas Mountains: Climate of the Atlas Mountains: …of Mount Babor in the Little Kabylie region are covered with snow for four or five months, while the Moroccan High Atlas retains its snows until the height of summer. Winter in the Atlas is hard, imposing severe conditions upon the inhabitants.

Little Karoo, intermontane plateau basin in Western Cape province, South Africa, lying between the east-west oriented Groot-Swart Mountains (north), the Lange Mountains (southwest), and the Outeniqua Mountains (southeast), with the discontinuous Kammanassie Mountains running between those ranges.

Witi Ihimaera: The Little Kowhai Tree (2002) is an illustrated book for children about the growth of plants and the interdependence of the environment.

computer scripting language, a computer language intended to solve relatively small programming problems that do not require the overhead of data declarations and other features needed to make large programs manageable. Scripting languages are used for writing operating system utilities, for

Little League, international baseball organization for children and teenagers, started in 1939 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, by Carl E. Stotz and brothers Bert and George Bebble. The league originally included boys age 8 to 12. Girls have been admitted since 1974. Little League now includes a

Lycoming: …home of the Little League Baseball International Headquarters (founded 1939) and the site of its annual World Series. The principal boroughs are South Williamsport, Montoursville, Jersey Shore, Muncy, and Hughesville.

World Series: …professional minor leagues), and the Little League World Series, an annual event with international representation for teams of boys and girls 9 to 18 years old.

peppergrass: Major species: Lentejilla, or little lentil (L. armoracia), is native to Europe but has naturalized in Mexico, where it is used as a folk medicine. Pepperwort, or field pepper (L. campestre), is a widespread weed originally native to Europe. It has hairy arrowlike stem leaves and once…

Luis Aparicio is a Venezuelan baseball player who became known for his outstanding fielding, speed on the base paths, and durability. During a career that lasted from the 1950s to the 1970s, Aparicio appeared in 2,581 games at shortstop, a record in American professional baseball that stood for

John Cromwell: Early career: …company, hired Cromwell to direct Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936), a tasteful treatment of the popular novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett; the family drama starred Freddie Bartholomew and Mickey Rooney. Later in 1936 Cromwell made two films for Twentieth Century-Fox: To Mary—with Love, a marital drama starring Myrna Loy and Warner

Little Lord Fauntleroy, sentimental novel for children written by Frances Hodgson Burnett, published serially in St. Nicholas magazine and in book form in 1886. The novel’s protagonist, Cedric, and his mother, Dearest, live in America until Cedric learns that he is to inherit the title and estate

Explore other Botanize! episodes and learn more about lichens. Melissa Petruzzello: Welcome listeners! You’ve tuned in to Encyclopædia Britannica’s Botanize!, and I’m your host, Melissa Petruzzello, plant and environmental science editor here at Britannica. This show is about highlighting some of

little magazine, any of various small periodicals devoted to serious literary writings, usually avant-garde and noncommercial. They were published from about 1880 into the 21st century and flourished in the United States and England, though French writers (especially the Symbolist poets and

fortification: Other fort series: …what became known as the Little Maginot Line to oppose Germany; the Greeks built the Metaxas Line facing Bulgaria; and the Belgians erected a series of elaborate forts along the Albert Canal. German capture of the most elaborate and allegedly impregnable of the Belgian forts, Eben Emael, in a matter…

Great Malvern: Little Malvern, with the remains of a Benedictine priory (now the parish church), lies below Worcestershire Beacon, which is crowned by extensive and well-preserved Iron Age hill fortresses. Great Malvern is now an educational and cultural centre, with Malvern College for boys (founded 1862), a…

Jodie Foster: The Silence of the Lambs and The Accused: …directorial debut with the drama Little Man Tate (1991), in which she also costarred, and she later directed the ensemble film Home for the Holidays (1995). She also served as a producer for several of her films, including Nell (1994), for which she received another Oscar nomination for best actress.…

Edgar G. Ulmer: Detour: …set designer for Frank Borzage’s Little Man, What Now? (1934), Ulmer initially directed a number of low-profile projects. Using the pseudonym John Warner, he made the western Thunder over Texas (1934). He later helmed several Yiddish-language dramas shot in and around New York City and a variety of public-health documentaries,…

Sunil Gavaskar is an Indian cricket player who is considered one of the sport’s greatest opening batsmen of all time. Gavaskar skillfully captained the Indian team in 47 Test (international) matches and dominated the game during a career that spanned 16 years and 125 total Test contests. Gavaskar

Martin Short: Career: …roles in the 1999 musical Little Me after being nominated for best actor in a musical for his performance in The Goodbye Girl (1993). However, he turned down a chance to play Leo Bloom in The Producers, Mel Brooks’s hit Broadway musical based on his earlier film. Matthew Broderick wound…

Louisa May Alcott: …Women’s success with two sequels, Little Men: Life at Plumfield with Jo’s Boys (1871) and Jo’s Boys and How They Turned Out (1886). Little Women also inspired numerous movies, including the 1933 classic, starring Katharine Hepburn as Jo, and Greta Gerwig’s 2019 adaptation. Alcott also wrote other domestic narratives drawn…

Louisa May Alcott: …Women’s success with two sequels, Little Men: Life at Plumfield with Jo’s Boys (1871) and Jo’s Boys and How They Turned Out (1886). Little Women also inspired numerous movies, including the 1933 classic, starring Katharine Hepburn as Jo, and Greta Gerwig’s 2019 adaptation. Alcott also wrote other domestic narratives drawn…

Copenhagen: The contemporary city: Located at Langelinie Pier is The Little Mermaid statue (1913), which is based on a story by Hans Christian Andersen. A Danish national symbol, it is one of the city’s most popular tourist attractions.

Shirley MacLaine: Her subsequent movies included The Little Mermaid (2018), based on the Hans Christian Andersen story.

Awkwafina: Nora from Queens, The Little Mermaid, and films from the 2020s: …include Disney’s live-action remake of The Little Mermaid (2023); IF (2024), written and directed by John Krasinski; and Kung Fu Panda 4 (2024).

Alan Menken: …Hans Christian Andersen story “The Little Mermaid,” which was released in 1989. The resulting collaboration earned Menken two Academy Awards and his first of numerous Grammy Awards, among other accolades. The team’s next Disney project, Beauty and the Beast (1991), was nominated for best picture and earned Menken another…

panicum: …proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and little millet (P. sumatrense), are important food crops in Asia and Africa. See also millet.

The Minch: The Little Minch, its southerly extension, lies between the island groups of the Outer and Inner Hebrides, separating the islands of Harris and North Uist in the west from the island of Skye in the east.

The Little Minister, popular sentimental novel by J.M. Barrie, published in 1891 and dramatized in 1897. The Little Minister is set in Thrums, a Scottish weaving village based on Barrie’s birthplace, and concerns Gavin Dishart, a young impoverished minister with his first congregation. The weavers

Saint-Pierre and Miquelon: …in the Miquelons (Miquelon and Langlade, sometimes known as Great and Little Miquelon, connected by the slim, sandy Isthmus of Langlade). But the island of Saint-Pierre, only 10 square miles (26 square km) in area, has almost 90 percent of the total population and is the administrative and commercial centre.

Irving Cummings: …Cummings reteamed with Temple on Little Miss Broadway (1938), a typically sentimental outing for the young actress, enlivened by her duets with Jimmy Durante. The film was a box-office success, and the director and actress then made the Depression-era comedy Just Around the Corner (1938), which also starred Bill Robinson.…

Alexander Hall: Early work: …of Shirley Temple’s best showcases, Little Miss Marker (1934). Other films released in 1934 were The Pursuit of Happiness, a period piece starring Joan Bennett, and the melodrama Limehouse Blues, with Raft and Anna May Wong. In 1935 Hall directed Goin’ to Town, a comedy starring Mae West as a…

Alan Arkin: …blunt, cantankerous, heroin-sniffing grandfather in Little Miss Sunshine (2006), a comedy about a dysfunctional family driving cross-country to attend a child beauty pageant, earned him the Academy Award for best supporting actor. His subsequent films included The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause (2006), the thriller Rendition (2007), the 2008…

Little Missouri National Grassland, prairie grassland region of western North Dakota, U.S. Created in 1960, it is one of four grassland areas included within the Dakota Prairie Grasslands. It covers an area of more than 1,600 square miles (4,140 square km), making it the largest of the country’s

Little Missouri River, river, northwestern United States. It rises along the western slopes of the Missouri Buttes formation (just west of Devils Tower National Monument) in northeastern Wyoming. The river then flows northeast across the southeastern corner of Montana and, after entering the

Little Missouri River, river rising in southwestern Arkansas, U.S., in the Ouachita Mountains. It flows about 150 miles (240 km) southeast into the Ouachita River, 27 miles (43 km) above Camden. Narrows Dam, 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Murfreesboro, impounds Lake Greeson for flood control and