National Health Service: Local health authority services provide maternity and child welfare, posthospital care, home nursing, immunization, ambulance service, and various other preventive and educational services. They may also operate family-planning clinics, as well as day nurseries for children.

Burt Lancaster: …oil billionaire in the comedy Local Hero (1983), an enjoyable reunion with Kirk Douglas in Tough Guys (1986), and his moving portrayal of an aging doctor who still regrets his missed opportunity in professional baseball in the immensely popular Field of Dreams (1989). Lancaster gave his final performance in the…

complexity: The science of complexity: Local information. In the real world of complex systems, no agent knows what all the other agents are doing. At most, each person gets information from a relatively small subset of the set of all agents and processes this “local” information to come to a…

Matthew Shepard: In 2007 the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act (later dubbed the Matthew Shepard Act) was introduced to address these shortcomings in the law. Although the bill was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives, it was delayed because of widespread Republican opposition, including from U.S. Pres.…

telephone: Power source: …a two-wire circuit called the local loop. The standard voltage is 48 volts.

Italy: Health and welfare: …in 1978 and based on Local Medical Units (Unità Sanitarie Locali, USL; later renamed Aziende Sanitarie Locali, ASL). In 1992–99 a radical reorganization of the national health system was carried out. Key features of the new system were the rationalization of public expenditures and the improvement of patient care services.

telephone: Manual switching: …a central switching point, or telephone exchange, than it was to run wires between all the instruments. In 1878 the first telephone exchange was installed in New Haven, Connecticut, permitting up to 21 customers to reach one another by means of a manually operated central switchboard. The manual switchboard was…

double refraction: …along the direction of its optic axis, however, the light ray will not become divided.

double refraction: …along the direction of its optic axis, however, the light ray will not become divided.

local option, in the United States, provision of a state law leaving localities free to forbid or to license certain activities within their boundaries. By accommodating differences of circumstance and feeling between different geographic regions, such provisions reduce conflict at the state level.

David Kellogg Lewis: (A local quality is a property or characteristic that can be instantiated at a specific point in space and time. Although it is ultimately up to physics to determine what local qualities there are, two likely candidates are electric charge and temperature.) Theme 3 implies that…

local government: The variant, local self-government, is important for its emphasis upon the freedom of the locality to decide and act.

Milky Way Galaxy: Solar motion calculations from radial velocities: …stars with respect to that standard of rest—are randomly distributed. Considering the geometry then provides a mathematical solution for the motion of the Sun through the average rest frame of the stars being considered.

supercluster: Abell—as the Local Supercluster, a flattened collection of about 100 groups and clusters of galaxies including the Local Group. The Local Supercluster is centred approximately on the Virgo cluster and has a total extent of roughly 2 108 light-years. Its precise boundaries, however, are difficult to define…

plant disease: Symptoms: Local symptoms are physiological or structural changes within a limited area of host tissue, such as leaf spots, galls, and cankers. Systemic symptoms are those involving the reaction of a greater part or all of the plant, such as wilting, yellowing, and dwarfing. Primary symptoms…

syncope: Local syncope is whitening, weakness, coldness, and numbness of a small area of the body, especially the fingers, as a result of diminished blood flow to the part. It is associated with Raynaud’s disease.

income tax: Personal deductions: …the United States state and local taxes on property and income are deductible. These deductions are tantamount to subsidies from the national to the subnational governments. Foreign taxes on real property and income are also deductible, although most taxpayers elect instead to credit their foreign income taxes against their U.S.…

motivation: Hunger: …these two, known as the local theory of hunger, suggested that the hunger signals that initiate eating originate in the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the stomach. Hunger pangs were thought to be the result of stomach contractions. Considerable research has shown that such an analysis is inadequate to explain hunger motivation.…

thunderstorm: Isolated thunderstorms: These storms are sometimes called air-mass or local thunderstorms. They are mostly vertical in structure, are relatively short-lived, and usually do not produce violent weather at the ground. Aircraft and radar measurements show that such storms are composed of one or more convective cells, each of which goes through a…

foundations of mathematics: Gödel and category theory: …special kind of topos called local. Given an arrow p into Ω in 𝒯, then, p is true in 𝒯 if p coincides with the arrow true in 𝒯, or, equivalently, if p is a theorem in the internal language of 𝒯. 𝒯 is called a local topos provided that…

poison: Local versus systemic toxic responses: Toxic responses are also classified according to the site at which the response is produced. The site of toxic response can be local (at the site of first contact or portal of entry of the chemical) or systemic (produced in…

mass transit, the movement of people within urban areas using group travel technologies such as buses and trains. The essential feature of mass transportation is that many people are carried in the same vehicle (e.g., buses) or collection of attached vehicles (trains). This makes it possible to

climate: Scale classes: …are often referred to as local wind systems.

Ted Kooser: His nonfiction work included Local Wonders: Seasons in the Bohemian Alps (2002) and The Poetry Home Repair Manual: Practical Advice for Beginning Poets (2005), a guidebook to writing poetry.

language: Language and conceptualization: This “localist” theory, as it has been called, has been debated since the beginning of the 19th century and probably cannot be accepted as it stands, but the fact that it can be proposed and argued shows the dominant position that spatial relations hold in the…

localization, in politics, the emphasis or increased salience of locality. The term localization appears frequently in policy analysis within two contexts. The first can be called the organizational context, where localization denotes efforts to tailor services to local settings as much as possible

nervous system: Localized potential: When a physical stimulus, such as touch, taste, or colour, acts on a sensory receptor cell specifically designed to respond to that stimulus, then the energy of the stimulus (e.g., mechanical, chemical, light) is transduced, or transformed, into an electrical response. This response…

Carlo Goldoni: , Mine Hostess, 1928) and two fine plays in Venetian dialect, I rusteghi (performed 1760; “The Tyrants”) and Le baruffe chiozzote (performed 1762; “Quarrels at Chioggia”).

hydrocarbon: Nomenclature: …a number (3-), called a locant, obtained by successively numbering the carbons in the parent chain starting at the end nearer the branch. The compound is therefore called 3-methylheptane.

Locarno, town, Ticino canton, southern Switzerland. It is situated at the northern end of Lago Maggiore, near the mouth of the Maggia River, west of Bellinzona. The site was settled in prehistoric times, and the town was first mentioned in 789. A possession of the dukes of Milan from 1342, it was

Pact of Locarno, (Dec. 1, 1925), series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. The treaties were initialed at Locarno, Switz., on October 16 and signed in London on December 1. The agreements consisted of (1) a treaty of

Pact of Locarno, (Dec. 1, 1925), series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. The treaties were initialed at Locarno, Switz., on October 16 and signed in London on December 1. The agreements consisted of (1) a treaty of

Pietro Locatelli was an Italian violinist and composer, one of the first great violinists who practiced virtuosity for virtuosity’s sake, thereby extending the technical vocabulary of the violin. He is perhaps best known for his L’Arte del violino, a group of 12 violin concerti issued with 24

Pietro Locatelli was an Italian violinist and composer, one of the first great violinists who practiced virtuosity for virtuosity’s sake, thereby extending the technical vocabulary of the violin. He is perhaps best known for his L’Arte del violino, a group of 12 violin concerti issued with 24

location theory: William Alonso (Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent, 1964) built upon the Thünen model to account for intra-urban variations in land use. He attempted to apply accessibility requirements to the city centre for various types of land use (housing, commercial, and industry).…

location theory, in economics and geography, theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity; it has become an integral part of economic geography, regional science, and spatial economics. Location theory addresses the questions of what economic activities are located where and

location theory: Weber’s theory, called the location triangle, sought the optimum location for the production of a good based on the fixed locations of the market and two raw material sources, which geographically form a triangle. He sought to determine the least-cost production location within the triangle by figuring the total…

geography: Human geography as locational analysis: In human geography, the new approach became known as “locational” or “spatial analysis” or, to some, “spatial science.” It focused on spatial organization, and its key concepts were embedded into the functional region—the tributary area of a major node, whether a port, a…

Armenian language: Morphology and syntax: ablative, instrumental, and locative. However, many of these forms overlapped so that usually only three or four different forms existed; e.g., žam ‘time’ was both nominative and accusative, žamê was ablative, and žamu was genitive, dative, instrumental, and locative. A special form of locative was very rare. There…

Wexford, seaport and county seat, County Wexford, Ireland, on the River Slaney. The name Wexford derives from the Norse settlement of Waesfjord. It was an early colony of the English, having been taken by Robert FitzStephen in 1169. The town received a charter in 1317, which was extended in 1411 by

Wexford, county in the province of Leinster, southeastern Ireland. It is bounded on the east and south by the Irish Sea and from west to north by Counties Kilkenny, Carlow, and Wicklow. The town of Wexford, on the Irish Sea coast, is the county seat, and there is a county manager. The Blackstairs

Loch Leven: …trout (Salmo trutta) known as Loch Leven trout—have been widely transplanted elsewhere in the world.

Loch Ness monster, large marine creature believed by some people to inhabit Loch Ness, Scotland. However, much of the alleged evidence supporting its existence has been discredited, and it is widely thought that the monster is a myth. Reports of a monster inhabiting Loch Ness date back to ancient

Henry Brougham Loch, 1st Baron Loch was a British soldier and administrator who served as high commissioner in Southern Africa and governor of Cape Colony from 1889 to 1895, a period of mounting tension between the British and the Boers. A career soldier, Loch began his service in India (1844–53)

Henry Brougham Loch, 1st Baron Loch was a British soldier and administrator who served as high commissioner in Southern Africa and governor of Cape Colony from 1889 to 1895, a period of mounting tension between the British and the Boers. A career soldier, Loch began his service in India (1844–53)

Treaties of Fort Stanwix: …Labor (October 1768) and the Treaty of Lochaber (October 1770). These three treaties launched a new period of eager land speculation, accompanied by a stream of homesteaders who quickly poured into the Ohio River region.

Loches, town, Indre-et-Loire département, Centre région, west-central France, located on the left bank of the Indre River southeast of Tours. The town is dominated by the medieval citadel, which is surrounded by 1.5 miles (2 km) of old walls. It embraces three separate buildings: the Royal Lodge

Lochgilphead, burgh (town) and holiday resort, Argyll and Bute council area, historic county of Argyllshire, Scotland, situated at the head of Loch Gilp (a marine inlet of Loch Fyne) by the side of the Crinan Canal (built 1793–1801). The burgh developed from an older herring fishing village and is

Lochinvar, fictional romantic hero of the ballad “Marmion” (1808) by Sir Walter Scott. Lochinvar is a brave knight who arrives unannounced at the bridal feast of Ellen, his beloved, who is about to be married to “a laggard in love and a dastard in war.” Lochinvar claims one dance with the bride and

Zambia: Plant and animal life: Lochinvar, on the Kafue Flats, is of particular interest to bird-watchers, with more than 400 species recorded. The Kafue lechwe is unique to the flats. The Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park protects the environs of Victoria Falls and is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage site.…

Lochkovian Stage, lowermost of the three standard worldwide divisions of Early Devonian rocks and time. It is the lowest division of the Devonian Period and the Lower Devonian Series. The Lochkovian Stage spans the interval between 419.2 million and 410.8 million years ago. The name is derived from

Kinross: Lochleven Castle, on an island in the lake, was the scene of the imprisonment (1567–68) of Mary, Queen of Scots. Kinross House (1685–92), designed by Sir William Bruce, is situated on the peninsula east of the burgh. Kinross is the historic county town (seat) of…

Lochmaben, royal burgh (town), Dumfries and Galloway council area, historic county of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, situated near several small lochs in Annandale valley. Robert the Bruce, who ruled Scotland as Robert I from 1306 to 1329, had close associations with the town and, according to local

Lochnagar, scenic mountain of coarse red granite, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, south of the River Dee in the Grampian Mountains. The mountain ridge, popularized in the 19th century by Lord Byron’s poem “Lachin y Gair,” has 11 summits with elevations greater than 3,000 feet (900 metres); the highest is

Lewanika: …was led into signing the Lochner Concession in June 1890—which assigned mineral and trading rights of Barotseland to the British South Africa Company (BSAC)—without a full understanding of what the agreement said or of its implications. He believed he was signing an agreement with the British government and was unhappy…

Lochner v. New York, case in which, on April 17, 1905, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down a New York state law setting 10 hours of labour a day as the legal maximum in the baking trade. The opinion drew a stinging rebuke from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., whose dissent became the prevailing

Stefan Lochner was a late Gothic painter, considered to be the greatest representative of the school of Cologne. He is known primarily for his highly mystical religious paintings. Little is known of his early life, but he is thought to have studied in the Netherlands, possibly under Robert Campin

Ryan Lochte is an American swimmer who was one of the sport’s most successful Olympians. His 12 medals, 6 of which were gold, made him the second most-decorated male swimmer in Olympic history, behind teammate Michael Phelps. Lochte attended the University of Florida (B.S., 2007), where he won

Ryan Lochte is an American swimmer who was one of the sport’s most successful Olympians. His 12 medals, 6 of which were gold, made him the second most-decorated male swimmer in Olympic history, behind teammate Michael Phelps. Lochte attended the University of Florida (B.S., 2007), where he won

Philipp Melanchthon: In 1521 Melanchthon published the Loci communes, the first systematic treatment of the new Wittenberg theology developed by Luther. Because of his academic expertise, he was asked to help in founding schools, and he played an important role in reforming public schools in Germany.

Philipp Melanchthon: In 1521 Melanchthon published the Loci communes, the first systematic treatment of the new Wittenberg theology developed by Luther. Because of his academic expertise, he was asked to help in founding schools, and he played an important role in reforming public schools in Germany.

mnemonic: Early methodologies: …method is referred to as loci et res, or method of loci, and is an effective way to remember a series of items. The most usual method is to choose a large house in which the rooms, walls, windows, decorations, and furniture are severally associated with certain names, phrases, events,…

Johann Gerhard: …the standard Lutheran dogmatic treatise Loci Theologici, and spearhead of every major Lutheran theological gathering of his time.

mnemonic: Early methodologies: …method is referred to as loci et res, or method of loci, and is an effective way to remember a series of items. The most usual method is to choose a large house in which the rooms, walls, windows, decorations, and furniture are severally associated with certain names, phrases, events,…

lock, mechanical device for securing a door or receptacle so that it cannot be opened except by a key or by a series of manipulations that can be carried out only by a person knowing the secret or code. The lock originated in the Near East; the oldest known example was found in the ruins of the

lock, enclosure or basin located in the course of a canal or a river (or in the vicinity of a dock) with gates at each end, within which the water level may be varied to raise or lower boats. Where the required lift is of considerable height, a series of connected but isolable basins, or locks, is

canals and inland waterways: Medieval revival: In the 15th century the lock-gate system was much improved with the addition of paddles to control the flow of water in and out of the lock chamber through sluices in the gates or sides of the lock.

Lock Haven, city, seat (1839) of Clinton county, north-central Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies along the West Branch Susquehanna River (a major tributary of the Susquehanna), on the southern slope of Bald Eagle Mountain, 26 miles (42 km) southwest of Williamsport. Founded in 1834 by Jeremiah Church, a

Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, public coeducational institution of higher learning in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is part of Pennsylvania’s State System of Higher Education and comprises colleges of Arts and Sciences, and Education and Human Services. The university offers a range of

Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, public coeducational institution of higher learning in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is part of Pennsylvania’s State System of Higher Education and comprises colleges of Arts and Sciences, and Education and Human Services. The university offers a range of

Thomas Chippendale: …had published designs earlier, and Matthias Lock, whom Chippendale had hired to provide special designs for clients.

Pulp Fiction: Influence and legacy: (1996), Grosse Pointe Blank (1997), Lock, Stock, and Two Smoking Barrels (1998), and Go (1999). Film buffs also indulged in imaginative speculation about certain elements in the film, such as what appear to be plot threads connecting its characters with those in Reservoir Dogs and theories about the contents of…

chromatography: Retention mechanism: Very specific intermolecular interactions, “lock and key,” are known in biochemistry. Examples include enzyme-protein, antigen-antibody, and hormone-receptor binding. A structural feature of an enzyme will attach to a specific structural feature of a protein. Affinity chromatography exploits this feature by binding a

Tom Hardy: …as the title character in Locke (2013), a film that takes place almost entirely in a car, with Hardy as the only character who appears on-screen for the entire movie. In 2015 he starred in George Miller’s Mad Max: Fury Road as Max Rockatansky, a role that was made famous…

Locke v. Davey, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (7–2), on February 25, 2004, that a Washington state scholarship program for academically gifted postsecondary students that explicitly excluded students pursuing degrees in theology did not violate the First Amendment’s free exercise

Ringer’s solution: Mammalian Ringer’s solution (Locke’s, or Ringer-Locke’s, solution) differs in that it contains glucose and more sodium chloride than the original solution.

Alain Locke was an American educator, writer, and philosopher, best remembered as the leader and chief interpreter of the Harlem Renaissance. Locke graduated in philosophy from Harvard University in 1907. He was the first black Rhodes scholar, studying at Oxford (1907–10) and the University of

Alain Locke was an American educator, writer, and philosopher, best remembered as the leader and chief interpreter of the Harlem Renaissance. Locke graduated in philosophy from Harvard University in 1907. He was the first black Rhodes scholar, studying at Oxford (1907–10) and the University of

Bobby Locke was a South African golfer who won the Open Championship (British Open) four times. A meticulous putter who was considered among the best in golf, Locke won the Vardon Trophy for lowest scoring average among male professional golfers in 1946, 1950, and 1954. Nine times the winner of the

Bobby Locke was a South African golfer who won the Open Championship (British Open) four times. A meticulous putter who was considered among the best in golf, Locke won the Vardon Trophy for lowest scoring average among male professional golfers in 1946, 1950, and 1954. Nine times the winner of the

Petroleum V. Nasby was an American humorist who had considerable influence on public issues during and after the American Civil War. From an early age Locke worked for newspapers in New York and Ohio. In 1861, as editor of the Findlay (Ohio) Jeffersonian, he published the first of many satirical

John Locke was an English philosopher whose works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism,classical liberalism in particular. He was an inspirer of both the European Enlightenment and the Constitution of the United States. His philosophical thinking was

Matthew Locke was a leading English composer for the stage in the period before Henry Purcell. By 1661 Locke had been appointed composer in ordinary to the king. After his conversion to Roman Catholicism he was appointed organist to the queen. With Christopher Gibbons he wrote the music for James

Ben Stiller: …in Hubie Halloween (2020) and Locked Down (2021). Stiller subsequently returned to TV, directing episodes of the sci-fi TV series Severance (2022– ), in which employees can undergo a procedure that separates their home and work lives.

Paul Auster: …a client named White; and The Locked Room (1986), the story of an author who, while researching the life of a missing writer for a biography, gradually assumes the identity of that writer.

Muammar al-Qaddafi: Foreign relations, Lockerbie bombing, and sanctions: …civilian airliner in 1988 over Lockerbie, Scotland, led to United Nations (UN) and U.S. sanctions that further isolated Qaddafi from the international community. In the late 1990s, however, Qaddafi turned over the alleged perpetrators of the bombing to international authorities. UN sanctions against Libya were subsequently lifted in 2003, and,…

Pan Am flight 103, flight of a passenger airliner operated by Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) that exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland, on December 21, 1988, after a bomb was detonated. All 259 people on board were killed, and 11 individuals on the ground also died. About 7:00 pm on December 21,

Colin Firth: Later credits: In the miniseries Lockerbie: A Search for Truth (2025), Firth played a father whose daughter was killed in the bombing of Pan Am flight 103.

Tony Lockett is an Australian rules football player who holds the record for most goals scored in a career (1,360). After making his senior-level debut with North Ballarat in 1982, Lockett began his Australian Football League (AFL) career with St. Kilda in 1983. He became a powerful and often

Tony Lockett is an Australian rules football player who holds the record for most goals scored in a career (1,360). After making his senior-level debut with North Ballarat in 1982, Lockett began his Australian Football League (AFL) career with St. Kilda in 1983. He became a powerful and often

His Girl Friday: Cast: Assorted Referencesdiscussed in biography

John Gibson Lockhart was a Scottish critic, novelist, and biographer, best remembered for his Life of Sir Walter Scott (1837–38; enlarged 1839), one of the great biographies in English. Lockhart, the son of a Presbyterian minister descended from the landed gentry, studied at the universities of

Boston Symphony Orchestra: In 1995 Keith Lockhart became conductor.

Maksim Litvinov: …following January in exchange for Robert Bruce Lockhart, the British journalist who led a special mission to the Soviet Union in 1918. Litvinov then returned to Russia and joined the Commissariat for Foreign Affairs. He achieved prominence when he led the Soviet delegation to the preparatory commission for the League…

Battle of the Dunes: Oliver Cromwell, sent his envoy William Lockhart with 6,000 infantrymen, veterans of the English Civil Wars, to reinforce Turenne on land. On June 13, 1658, a Spanish force led by Juan José de Austria arrived to relieve Dunkirk. Under Juan José was a rebel French force commanded by the renowned…

history of flight: Postwar airlines: …direction, and the Lockheed 1649A Starliner, which could fly nonstop on polar routes from Los Angeles to Europe. The Starliner carried 75 passengers at speeds of 350 to 400 miles (560 to 640 km) per hour. Each of its Wright turbocompound radial engines developed 3,400 horsepower. Prior to the introduction…

Lockheed Martin Corporation, major American diversified company with core business concentrations in aerospace products—including aircraft, space launchers, satellites, and defense systems—and other advanced-technology systems and services. About half of the company’s annual sales are to the U.S.

Lockheed Martin Corporation, major American diversified company with core business concentrations in aerospace products—including aircraft, space launchers, satellites, and defense systems—and other advanced-technology systems and services. About half of the company’s annual sales are to the U.S.

Marc Newson: …piece, the aluminum and fibreglass Lockheed Lounge (1986). This was the first of several limited-edition chairs. Like many of his later furniture pieces, it is made of atypical materials. It has a seamless exterior and a Modernist yet somewhat retro form variously described as biomorphic or zoomorphic. In 1987 Newson…

Lockheed Martin Corporation, major American diversified company with core business concentrations in aerospace products—including aircraft, space launchers, satellites, and defense systems—and other advanced-technology systems and services. About half of the company’s annual sales are to the U.S.