dormer: …a spire is called a lucarne.

12 Essential Brat Pack Flicks: Lucas (1986): A somewhat forgotten gem, Lucas features a heart-tugging performance by Corey Haim as the title character, a 14-year-old misfit whose first crush (Kerri Green) falls for Lucas’s football-player friend (Charlie Sheen). Sheen (younger brother of Estevez, son of Martin Sheen, and a relative…

Nazarene, one of an association formed by a number of young German painters in 1809 to return to the medieval spirit in art. Reacting particularly against 18th-century Neoclassicism, the brotherhood was the first effective antiacademic movement in European painting. The Nazarenes believed that all

optimum currency area: The political renaissance of OCAs: According to the so-called Lucas critique (developed by the American economist Robert Lucas), rational economic agents anticipate and respond to policies; their behaviour, and therefore the “structure” of markets, cannot be taken as given. This implies that the OCA criteria will change with monetary integration itself and cannot be…

Gregory Maguire: … (1989), and the picture book Lucas Fishbone (1990). Maguire also wrote a popular seven-book series, The Hamlet Chronicles (1994–2005), featuring the popular titles Seven Spiders Spinning (1994) and Six Haunted Hairdos (1997) and finishing with One Final Firecracker (2005). Later children’s books include What-the-Dickens: The Story of a Rogue Tooth…

Fernando Romeo Lucas García was an army general who served as the president of Guatemala from 1978 to 1982. Lucas García attended the Escuela Politécnica, the country’s military academy, from which he graduated in 1949. From 1960 to 1963 he served as a congressman from Alta Verapaz. He rose

Indianapolis: The contemporary city: Lucas Oil Stadium (2008) is home to the Colts professional football team, and Bankers Life Fieldhouse (1999; formerly Conseco Fieldhouse) hosts the Pacers (men’s) and Fever (women’s) professional basketball teams.

number game: Fibonacci numbers: …the parentheses are the so-called Lucas sequence: 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18. The Lucas sequence shares the recursive relation of the Fibonacci sequence; that is, xn = xn − 1 + xn − 2.

Lucas van Leyden was a northern Renaissance painter and one of the greatest engravers of his time. Lucas was first trained by his father, Huygh Jacobszoon; later, he entered the workshop of Cornelis Engelbrechtsz(oon), a painter of Leiden. His paintings, as well as his prints, reveal his unique

number game: Puzzles involving configurations: …specified alignment or configuration was Lucas’ Puzzle: in a row of seven squares, each of the three squares at the left end is occupied by a black counter, each of the three squares at the right end is occupied by a white counter, and the centre square is vacant. The…

number game: 18th and 19th centuries: …in the outstanding contributions of Édouard Lucas, C.L. Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), and others at the turn of the century. Lucas’ four-volume Récréations mathématiques (1882–94) became a classic. The mathematical recreations of Dodgson included Symbolic Logic and The Game of Logic; Pillow Problems and A Tangled Tale, 2 vol. (1885–95).

Elizabeth Pinckney was a British-American plantation manager known for the first successful cultivation of indigo in the United States, an accomplishment that subsequently helped to sustain the Carolina economy for 30 years. When her father, George Lucas, was called to military duty in Antigua in

George Lucas is an American motion-picture director, producer, and screenwriter who created several of the most popular films in history. The son of a small-town stationer and a mother who was often hospitalized for long periods for ill health, Lucas was an early reader of classic adventure stories

George Lucas is an American motion-picture director, producer, and screenwriter who created several of the most popular films in history. The son of a small-town stationer and a mother who was often hospitalized for long periods for ill health, Lucas was an early reader of classic adventure stories

materialism: Logic, intentionality, and psychical research: …such as the British philosopher J.R. Lucas, tried to produce positive arguments against a mechanistic theory of mind by employing certain discoveries in mathematical logic, especially Kurt Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem, which implies that no axiomatic theory could possibly capture all arithmetical truths. In general, however, philosophers have not found

Jerry Lucas is an American basketball player who was one of the best rebounders in the sport’s history and who in 1996 was named one of the 50 greatest National Basketball Association (NBA) players of all time. Lucas was a tall, intelligent youth with dexterous hands and 20/10 eyesight that made

Jerry Lucas is an American basketball player who was one of the best rebounders in the sport’s history and who in 1996 was named one of the 50 greatest National Basketball Association (NBA) players of all time. Lucas was a tall, intelligent youth with dexterous hands and 20/10 eyesight that made

David Walliams: …he and his frequent collaborator, Matt Lucas, starred in and wrote. Walliams later became a successful children’s book author.

Portland Trail Blazers: …line of Bill Walton and Maurice Lucas, along with guard Lionel Hollins, and guided by first-year head coach Jack Ramsay—beat the Chicago Bulls, Denver Nuggets, and Los Angeles Lakers in the postseason to advance to the NBA Finals. There they faced the Philadelphia 76ers, who won the first two

Robert E. Lucas, Jr. was an American economist who won the 1995 Nobel Prize for Economics for developing and applying the theory of rational expectations, an econometric hypothesis. Lucas found that individuals will offset the intended results of national fiscal and monetary policy by making

Robert E. Lucas, Jr. was an American economist who won the 1995 Nobel Prize for Economics for developing and applying the theory of rational expectations, an econometric hypothesis. Lucas found that individuals will offset the intended results of national fiscal and monetary policy by making

Tracey Emin: Like Damien Hirst and Sarah Lucas, she is considered one of the YBAs (Young British Artists; also known as the BritArtists) who came to prominence in the 1990s.

Sylvia Plath was an American poet and novelist whose best-known works, such as the poems “Daddy” and “Lady Lazarus” and the novel The Bell Jar, starkly express a sense of alienation and self-destruction closely tied to her personal experiences and, by extension, the situation of women in

forgery: Detection of literary forgeries: …that of the French forger Vrain-Denis Lucas, who sold a collection of forgeries including a letter of St. Mary Magdalene, written in French on paper made in France.

George Lucas: The growth of Lucasfilm: With A New Hope in theaters, Lucas quietly announced his intention to retire from directing and make Lucasfilm an incubator for films to be directed by others under his tutelage. He added, however, that he could envision returning to directing “about 20 years from…

TRW Inc.: …1999 the company acquired England’s LucasVarity PLC, a designer and manufacturer of advanced-technology products and systems for the automotive and aerospace industries. LucasVarity had been created in 1996 through the merger of Lucas Industries PLC (founded as a lamp-making firm in 1875 in Birmingham, England) and the American firm Varity…

Turks and Caicos Islands: History: …an indigenous people, the Arawakan-speaking Lucayan Taino. Within a generation of European contact, the Lucayan Taino had died off from the ill effects of colonization, including introduced diseases and enslavement by the Spanish. Alternatively, some historians maintain that the islands had been uninhabited up to the time when the Spanish…

Lucca, city, Toscana (Tuscany) regione, north-central Italy. It lies in the valley of the Serchio River and is almost surrounded by hills, with the Apuan Alps to the north and west. Lucca was a Ligurian and later an Etruscan town, and the Romans probably established a colony there in 180 bce

Republic of Lucca, republic established by Napoleon Bonaparte in Lucca and its environs on Dec. 27, 1801, after his second successful conquest of Italy, driving out the Austrians. It lasted less than four years; in June 1805 he granted Lucca to his sister Élisa Bonaparte as a principality, part of

Elisabeth: …stabbed by an Italian anarchist, Luigi Luccheni.

Lucchese crime family, New York-based organized crime syndicate. The Lucchese crime family is one of New York City’s Five Families, along with the Gambino, Bonanno, Genovese, and Colombo organizations. Historically, organized crime in most U.S. cities has been controlled by single criminal

Octavia Spencer: …high-school teacher in the drama Luce. That year the TV series Truth Be Told premiered, with Spencer cast as a journalist and host of a true-crime podcast. In 2020 she lent her voice to Dolittle, Onward, and Superintelligence and starred in Self Made, a Netflix miniseries that was inspired by…

Lucy Terry was a poet, storyteller, and activist of colonial and postcolonial America. Terry was taken from Africa to Rhode Island by slave traders at a very young age. She was baptized a Christian at age five, with the approval of her owner, Ebenezer Wells of Deerfield, Massachusetts; she became a

Clare Boothe Luce was an American playwright, politician, and celebrity, noted for her satiric sense of humour and for her role in American politics. Luce was born into poverty and an unstable home life; her father, William Franklin Boothe, left the family when she was eight years old. Through

Henry Luce was an American magazine publisher who built a publishing empire on Time, Fortune, and Life magazines, becoming one of the most powerful figures in the history of American journalism. Luce’s publications, founded as a means of educating what he considered a poorly informed American

Henry Luce was an American magazine publisher who built a publishing empire on Time, Fortune, and Life magazines, becoming one of the most powerful figures in the history of American journalism. Luce’s publications, founded as a means of educating what he considered a poorly informed American

Stephen Bleecker Luce was the principal founder and first president of the Naval War College for postgraduate studies, the world’s first such institution. Starting his career in 1841 as a midshipman, Luce rose through the ranks to become a rear admiral (1886). From the beginning of his naval life,

Lucea, town and Caribbean port, far northwestern Jamaica, northwest of Kingston. The harbour is well sheltered. Bananas and yams are exported, and there are phosphate deposits nearby. Noteworthy sites are Fort Charlotte (18th century), overlooking the harbour; the Hanover Parish Church (1725),

COBRA: …(Nieuwenhuis), Pierre Alechinsky, Lucebert (Lubertus Jacobus Swaanswijk), and Jean Atlan. Influenced by poetry, film, folk art, children’s art, and primitive art, the semiabstract canvases by these artists display brilliant colour and spontaneous, violent brushwork that is akin to American Action painting. The human figure, treated in a wildly distorted,…

John was the king of Bohemia from 1310 until his death, and one of the more popular heroic figures of his day, who campaigned across Europe from Toulouse to Prussia. He was born the son of the future Holy Roman emperor Henry VII of the house of Luxembourg and was made count of Luxembourg in 1310.

Lucena, city, south-central Luzon, Philippines. Situated near the head of Tayabas Bay of the Sibuyan Sea, its importance as a settlement predated the arrival of the Spaniards. It is a major fishing port and a regional wholesale distributing point and has food-processing plants (particularly for

Lucena, city, Córdoba provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. It lies southeast of Córdoba city on the Madrid-Algeciras railway. Founded in Roman times, Lucena was an important Jewish community during the Middle Ages. After the city’s

Portuguese literature: The literature of discovery and conquest: …of Father Francis Xavier”) by João de Lucena. Important both as history and as human documents were the cartas (“letters”) written by Jesuits in India, China, and Japan. The anonymous Descobrimento da Florida (1577; “Discovery of Florida”) and Gabriel Soares de Sousa’s Tratado descritivo do Brasil em 1587 (1587; “Descriptive…

AT&T Corporation: 1996: AT&T breakup, part 2: Lucent Technologies (which contained most of the remnants of Bell Labs) made and marketed telephones, networking switching equipment, computer chips, and other hardware. (In 2006, Lucent merged with Alcatel to become Alcatel-Lucent, which was bought by Nokia (NOK) 10 years later.) NCR Corp. (NCR) manufactures…

The Taming of the Shrew: The only serious candidate is Lucentio, the son of a wealthy Florentine gentleman. He is so smitten with Bianca’s charms that he exchanges places with his clever servant, Tranio, in order to gain access to the woman he loves. He does so disguised as a tutor. So does the less-successful…

Alicante, port city, capital of Alicante provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Valencia, southeastern Spain. It is located on Alicante Bay of the Mediterranean Sea. Founded as Akra Leuke (“White Summit”) by Phocaean Greeks (from the west coast of Asia Minor) in

alfalfa, (Medicago sativa), perennial, cloverlike, leguminous plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), widely grown primarily for hay, pasturage, and silage. Alfalfa is known for its tolerance of drought, heat, and cold and for the remarkable productivity and quality of its herbage. The plant is also

Lucerne, canton, central Switzerland. Lucerne is drained by the Reuss and Kleine Emme rivers and occupies the northern foothills of the Alps, which rise to 7,710 feet (2,350 metres) at the Brienzer Rothorn. Comprising the territories acquired by its capital, the city of Lucerne, it was part of the

Lucerne, city, capital of Lucerne canton, central Switzerland, lying on the Reuss River where it issues from the northwestern branch of Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstätter See; French: Lac des Quatre Cantons), southwest of Zürich. The city’s name was derived from the Benedictine monastery of St.

springtail: …small (2 mm long), green-coloured lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis), one of the most common species, is a serious pest to crops in Australia. When necessary, insecticides are used to control springtails. Fossil springtails are among the oldest insect fossils known.

Lake Lucerne, principal lake of central Switzerland, surrounded by the cantons of Lucerne, Nidwalden, Uri, and Schwyz. The lake is named after the city of Lucerne, which lies at its western end. The lake is most beautifully situated between steep limestone mountains, the best-known being the Rigi

Lake Lucerne, principal lake of central Switzerland, surrounded by the cantons of Lucerne, Nidwalden, Uri, and Schwyz. The lake is named after the city of Lucerne, which lies at its western end. The lake is most beautifully situated between steep limestone mountains, the best-known being the Rigi

Lake Lucerne, principal lake of central Switzerland, surrounded by the cantons of Lucerne, Nidwalden, Uri, and Schwyz. The lake is named after the city of Lucerne, which lies at its western end. The lake is most beautifully situated between steep limestone mountains, the best-known being the Rigi

White Sands National Park: …corner of the park is Lake Lucero, a usually dry marsh (playa) encrusted with selenite crystals created by the evaporation of gypsum-laden runoff water. The gypsum is the product of decomposed limestone, which is the predominant rock type of the surrounding region. The extensive Alkali Flat area, to the north…

Spanish literature: Drama: Luces de Bohemia (1920; Bohemian Lights) illustrates his theory and practice of esperpento, an aesthetic formula he also used in his fiction to depict reality through a deliberately exaggerated mimesis of its grotesqueness. His work sometimes recalls that of Luis Buñuel, Salvador Dalí, or Picasso. Jacinto Grau, another would-be…

Mexico: The arts: Some would argue that lucha libre (Mexican professional wrestling), with its masked heroes and cheering throngs, is a popular arm of theatre. However, those and most other dramatic events now depend more on television and other electronic media than on theatrical performance. Television permeates the country, so viewers in…

Pío Baroja: …lucha por la vida (1904; The Struggle for Life, 1922–24), portrays the misery and squalor in the poor sections of Madrid. Himself a confirmed rebel and nonconformist, Baroja wrote at length about vagabonds and people who reflected his own thinking; El árbol de la ciencia (1911; The Tree of Knowledge,…

Achille Luchaire was the definitive historian of the Capetians, the royal house of France from 987 to 1328, and of Pope Innocent III (1198–1216). In 1879 Luchaire became a professor at Bordeaux and in 1899 professor of medieval history at the University of Paris; he was a member of the Academy of

Achille Luchaire was the definitive historian of the Capetians, the royal house of France from 987 to 1328, and of Pope Innocent III (1198–1216). In 1879 Luchaire became a professor at Bordeaux and in 1899 professor of medieval history at the University of Paris; he was a member of the Academy of

Baldomero Espartero, prince de Vergara was a Spanish general and statesman, victor in the First Carlist War, and regent. The son of working-class parents, Espartero entered the army at age 15 and fought with Spanish forces in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars and in the rebellious

Rayonism, Russian art movement founded by Mikhail F. Larionov, representing one of the first steps toward the development of abstract art in Russia. Larionov exhibited one of the first Rayonist works, Glass, in 1912 and wrote the movement’s manifesto that same year (though it was not published

Joan Sutherland: …Covent Garden revived Gaetano Donizetti’s Lucia di Lammermoor for her, and in 1961 she made her New York City debut in the same role at the Metropolitan Opera. Her performance in this difficult title role won international recognition.

St. Lucy ; feast day December 13) was a virgin and martyr who was one of the earliest Christian saints to achieve popularity, having a widespread following before the 5th century. She is the patron saint of the city of Syracuse (Sicily) and of virgins. Because of various traditions associating her

Lucia dos Santos was a Portuguese shepherd girl, later a Carmelite nun, who claimed that she received visions of the Virgin Mary in 1917 at Fátima, Portugal, which subsequently became one of the most famous Marian shrines in the world. The first of six visions came to Lucia on May 13, 1917, while

Lucian was an ancient Greek rhetorician, pamphleteer, and satirist. One is entirely dependent on Lucian’s writings for information about his life, but he says little about himself—and not all that he says is to be taken seriously. Moreover, since the chronology of his works is very obscure, the

Saint Lucian of Antioch was a Christian theologian-martyr who originated a theological tradition at Antioch that was noted for biblical linguistic scholarship and for a rationalist approach to Christian doctrine. In his principal work, Lucian analyzed the Greek text of both the Old and New

John Paul I was a pope whose 33-day pontificate in 1978 was the shortest in modern times. He was the first pope to choose a double name and did so in commemoration of his two immediate predecessors, John XXIII and Paul VI. He was the first pope in centuries who refused to be crowned, opting instead

Sebastiano del Piombo was an Italian painter who tried to combine the rich colours of the Venetian school with the monumental form of the Roman school. At first a professional lute player, Sebastiano began his career as a painter later than most of his contemporaries. He was a pupil of Giovanni

Lucky Luciano was the most powerful chief of American organized crime in the early 1930s and a major influence even from prison in 1936–45 and after deportation to Italy in 1946. Luciano emigrated with his parents from Sicily to New York City in 1906 and at the age of 10 was already involved in

Lucky Luciano was the most powerful chief of American organized crime in the early 1930s and a major influence even from prison in 1936–45 and after deportation to Italy in 1946. Luciano emigrated with his parents from Sicily to New York City in 1906 and at the age of 10 was already involved in

Lucian was an ancient Greek rhetorician, pamphleteer, and satirist. One is entirely dependent on Lucian’s writings for information about his life, but he says little about himself—and not all that he says is to be taken seriously. Moreover, since the chronology of his works is very obscure, the

Lucian was an ancient Greek rhetorician, pamphleteer, and satirist. One is entirely dependent on Lucian’s writings for information about his life, but he says little about himself—and not all that he says is to be taken seriously. Moreover, since the chronology of his works is very obscure, the

Croatian literature: …struggle against the Ottoman Empire; Hanibal Lucić, author of Robinja (“The Slave Girl”), the first South Slav secular play; Marin Držić, who wrote pastoral dramas and comedies portraying Renaissance Dubrovnik (his comedy Dundo Maroje, first performed about 1551, played throughout western Europe); and poet Petar Hektorović. In the 17th and…

lucid dreaming, phenomenon of sleep in which one is aware that one is dreaming. During lucid dreaming, individuals not only are aware that they are dreaming but also may be able to direct the content of the dream, including their own actions. Lucid dreaming is thought to take place during the REM

Juice WRLD: Early life and rap career: …single from the EP, “Lucid Dreams,” had reached the top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100, later peaking at number two.

Shannon Wells Lucid is an American astronaut who from 1996 to 2007 held the world record for most time in space by a woman and from 1996 to 2002 held the record for the longest-duration spaceflight by any U.S. astronaut. Lucid was born in China as the daughter of Baptist missionaries and with her

Lars Johansson was a Swedish lyric poet, author of some of the most powerful poems of the Baroque period in Swedish literature. Early orphaned, Johansson was reared by an uncle and educated both in Sweden and abroad. He returned to Sweden and became known as a writer of funeral elegies and

Lucien Leuwen, unfinished novel by Stendhal, published posthumously in 1894. It is perhaps Stendhal’s most autobiographical work. The book follows the career of Lucien, the title character, the son of a banker, from his expulsion from the École Polytechnique because of his idealism, through his

Satan, in the three major Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the prince of evil spirits and adversary of God. Satan is traditionally understood as an angel (or sometimes a jinnī in Islam) who rebelled against God and was cast out of heaven with other “fallen” angels before the

Joost van den Vondel: …greatest achievements, the trilogy comprising Lucifer (1654), Adam in ballingschap (1664; Adam in Exile, 1952), and Noah (1667). Lucifer, which is generally regarded as van den Vondel’s masterpiece, treats the same theme as had John Milton: the inexplicable revolt of the angels against God. Meanwhile, van den Vondel’s religious liberalism…

Peter Benoit: …and Pompeja (1895); the oratorio Lucifer (1866), considered his masterpiece; the children’s oratorio De waereld in (1878; “In the World”); and the Quadrilogie religieuse (1864). In his late compositions he turned away from his previous models, composers Hector Berlioz and Giacomo Meyerbeer, and cultivated a style of studied simplicity. This…

Lucifer, in classical mythology, the morning star (i.e., the planet Venus at dawn); personified as a male figure bearing a torch, Lucifer had almost no legend, but in poetry he was often herald of the dawn. In Christian times Lucifer came to be regarded as the name of Satan before his fall. It was

Lucifer was a bishop of Cagliari, Sardinia, who was a fierce opponent of the heresy of Arianism (q.v.). To further his rigorously orthodox views, he founded the Luciferians, a sect that survived in scattered remnants into the early 5th century. Lucifer’s opposition to Arianism was tested during the

Data Encryption Standard: …Corporation (IBM) submitted the patented Lucifer algorithm that had been devised by one of the company’s researchers, Horst Feistel, a few years earlier. The Lucifer algorithm was evaluated in secret consultations between the NBS and the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). After some modifications to the internal functions and a…

Lucifer was a bishop of Cagliari, Sardinia, who was a fierce opponent of the heresy of Arianism (q.v.). To further his rigorously orthodox views, he founded the Luciferians, a sect that survived in scattered remnants into the early 5th century. Lucifer’s opposition to Arianism was tested during the

Kenneth Anger: …in Anger’s next major endeavour, Lucifer Rising, which was released as a rough cut in 1972 and in its final version in 1980. Shot in Egypt, England, and Germany at sites of historical sun worship, it featured singer and actress Marianne Faithful as a demonic Lilith. Both films also included…

luciferase, enzyme manufactured in the cells of certain organisms to control bioluminescence. The widespread bioluminescence of such living organisms as fireflies, various marine organisms (see marine bioluminescence), and a number of algae, fungi, and bacteria is based on the oxidation of any of

Sanlúcar de Barrameda, port city, Cádiz provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It lies on the south bank of the Guadalquivir River estuary, north of Cádiz city. Barrameda derives from an Arabic word signifying “sandy gateway” and

luciferin, in biochemistry, any of several organic compounds whose oxidation in the presence of the enzyme luciferase produces light. Luciferins vary in chemical structure; the luciferin of luminescent bacteria, for example, is completely different from that of fireflies. For each type luciferin,

dipteran: Eggs: The greenbottle fly (Lucilia sericata) has laid nearly 2,000 eggs in captivity. However, the total is probably fewer than 1,000 in the natural state when time and energy are lost looking for suitable places to lay. Egg-laying sites, chosen instinctively by the females, are related closely…

Luxembourg, city, capital of Luxembourg, located in the south-central part of the country. Luxembourg city is situated on a sandstone plateau into which the Alzette River and its tributary, the Petrusse, have cut deep winding ravines. Within a loop of the Alzette, a rocky promontory called the Bock

Gaius Lucilius was effectively the inventor of poetical satire, who gave to the existing formless Latin satura (meaning “a mixed dish”) the distinctive character of critical comment that the word satire still implies. Lucilius was a Roman citizen of good family and education, a friend of learned

Kenny Rogers: …hit with the ballad “Lucille,” which won him a Grammy Award for best male country vocal performance (1977). “Lucille” was named song of the year and single of the year by the Academy of Country Music and single of the year by the Country Music Association and also made…

Lucin Cutoff, portion of a Southern Pacific rail line built across the Great Salt Lake, Utah, in 1902–04, replacing a much longer part of the original transcontinental railroad that traced around the northern end of the lake. The cutoff bypassed steep grades, including those near Promontory

Australian literature: Literature from 1940 to 1970: These novels—particularly Lucinda Brayford (1946) and the Langton quartet, beginning with The Cardboard Crown (1952)—were chronicles too of the decline of the genteel and aristocratic tradition. Christina Stead, who also had begun writing before the war, did not win recognition until the 1960s, with the reissue of…

bivalve: Evolution and paleontology: Representatives of the superfamily Lucinoidea are very different from all other bivalves, with an exhalant siphon only and an anterior inhalant stream. Some of these deposit feeders also possess, like the subclass Cryptodonta, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the ctenidia and are thought to have ancient origins, represented by the fossil…

Hector Babenco: His first success, Lúcio Flávio (1978), a controversial portrayal of a real-life bank robber, was enormously popular in Brazil, and it helped revive that country’s flagging film industry. Babenco gained international acclaim with Pixote (1981), a film reminiscent of the work of Luis Buñuel. It chronicles the harrowing,…

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Italian tours of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Lucio Silla (“Lucius Sulla”), the new opera, was given on December 26, 1772, and after a difficult premiere (it began three hours late and lasted six) it proved even more successful than Mitridate, with 26 performances. This is the earliest indication of the dramatic composer…

pike perch: The European pike perch, or zander (Stizostedion, or Lucioperca, lucioperca; see photograph), is found in lakes and rivers of eastern, central, and (where introduced) western Europe. It is greenish or grayish, usually with darker markings, and generally attains a length of 50–66 cm (20–26 inches) and a weight of 3…

Lucite, trademark name of polymethyl methacrylate, a synthetic organic compound of high molecular weight made by combination of many simple molecules of the ester methyl methacrylate (monomer) into long chains (polymer); this process (polymerization) may be effected by light or heat, although