Ludlow Series, the third of four main divisions (in ascending order) making up the Silurian System; it represents all those rocks on a global basis deposited during the Ludlow Epoch (427.4 million to 423 million years ago). The name is derived from the type district, located immediately west of the

Ludlow Series, the third of four main divisions (in ascending order) making up the Silurian System; it represents all those rocks on a global basis deposited during the Ludlow Epoch (427.4 million to 423 million years ago). The name is derived from the type district, located immediately west of the

printing: Semimechanized composition: The Ludlow is considered a combination machine; though it automatically casts slugs, it is related to hand composition by the way the matrices are assembled. The matrices are bronze blocks bearing the letter or sign engraved in intaglio on their lower side and with two shoulders…

Ludlow, town (township), Hampden county, south-central Massachusetts, U.S. It is located on the Chicopee River, just northeast of Springfield. Settled about 1751, it was known as Stony Hill until 1774, when it was renamed (probably for Ludlow, England) and incorporated, becoming set off from

Ludlow, town (parish), administrative and historic county of Shropshire, western England, on the River Teme. A castle, occupying a commanding position, was begun probably in 1085 by Roger de Lacy; it fell into ruin in the 18th century. The planned town was laid out in 12th-century grid fashion

Ludlow Massacre, attack on striking coal miners and their families by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel and Iron Company guards at Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914, resulting in the deaths of 25 people, including 11 children. About 10,000 miners under the direction of the United Mine

Ludlow Series, the third of four main divisions (in ascending order) making up the Silurian System; it represents all those rocks on a global basis deposited during the Ludlow Epoch (427.4 million to 423 million years ago). The name is derived from the type district, located immediately west of the

Ludlow Series, the third of four main divisions (in ascending order) making up the Silurian System; it represents all those rocks on a global basis deposited during the Ludlow Epoch (427.4 million to 423 million years ago). The name is derived from the type district, located immediately west of the

Edmund Ludlow was a radical republican who fought for Parliament against the Royalists in the English Civil Wars and later became one of the chief opponents of Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate regime. His memoirs provide valuable information on republican opposition to Cromwell and on the factional

Christian Socialism: …Denison Maurice, novelist Charles Kingsley, John Malcolm Ludlow, and others, who founded a movement that took shape in England immediately after the failure of the Chartist agitation of 1848. Their general purpose was to vindicate for “the Kingdom of Christ” its “true authority over the realms of industry and trade,”…

printing: Typecasting compositors (1880s): In 1911 the American Washington I. Ludlow perfected a typecasting machine for the large display type that bears his name. The matrices are assembled by hand in a composing stick, which is then inserted above the opening of a mold; the matrices are also distributed by hand.

Ludlul bel nemeqi, in ancient Mesopotamian religious literature, a philosophical composition concerned with a man who, seemingly forsaken by the gods, speculates on the changeability of men and fate. The composition, also called the “Poem of the Righteous Sufferer” or the “Babylonian Job,” has been

Robert Ludlum was a U.S. author of spy thrillers. He worked in the theatre as an actor and a successful producer and acted for television before turning to writing. Among his best-sellers were The Scarlatti Inheritance (1971), The Osterman Weekend (1972; film, 1983), The Matarese Circle (1979), and

St. Ludmila ; feast day September 16) was a Slavic martyr and patron of Bohemia, where she pioneered in establishing Christianity. She was a grandmother of St. Wenceslas, the future prince of Bohemia. Ludmila married Borivoj, the first Czech prince to adopt Christianity. After their baptism by

Conrad Detrez: Ludo (1974) is a fictional account of his World War II childhood, and Les Plumes du coq (1975; “The Plumes of the Rooster”) treats the 1951 abdication of the Belgian king Leopold III. Detrez’s most celebrated novel is L’Herbe à brûler (1978; A Weed for…

Pachisi, board game that was created in India in about the 4th century CE. Four players in opposing partnerships of two attempt to move pieces around a cross-shaped track. Moves are determined by throws of cowrie shells or dice. Each player has four pieces, which begin at the center space, move

Liudolf was the duke of Swabia and son of the Holy Roman emperor Otto I, against whom he led a revolt. Liudolf, Otto’s son by his marriage to the English princess Eadgyth, was made duke of Swabia by his father in 950. In 952, feeling his inheritance rights threatened by Otto’s second marriage (to

Western sculpture: Early and High Baroque: …the figure of the expiring Ludovica Albertoni in the Altieri Chapel, San Francesco a Ripa, Rome (c. 1674). The former is generally considered the masterpiece of Baroque religious sculpture and shows how Bernini could organize the arts of architecture, painting, and sculpture in an overwhelming effect on the senses that…

Gonzaga Dynasty: …with the 14th century, when Luigi I (also called Ludovico; 1267–1360), after fierce struggles, supplanted his brother-in-law Rinaldo (nicknamed Passerino) Bonacolsi as lord of Mantua in August 1328, with the title of captain general and afterward of vicar-general of the empire, adding the designation of count of Mirandola and Concordia.…

Borghese Family: In the 19th century, Camillo Fillipo Ludovico (1775–1832) played an important role in Franco-Italian relations. Having married Napoleon’s sister Marie Pauline (1803), he reached the rank of general in the army and was named governor of Piedmont (1807). After Napoleon’s abdication, he concluded a surrender with the victorious Austrians…

Western sculpture: Early Classical (c. 500–450 bce): …relief carvings of the so-called Ludovisi Throne. Moreover, for the first time individual artists—and their contributions to technical and stylistic development—can in some cases be positively identified through Roman copies and written descriptions of their works.

Gregory XV was the pope from 1621 to 1623. Of noble birth, he was educated at the University of Bologna, where he earned a doctorate in law. He was appointed archbishop of Bologna in 1612 and cardinal in 1616 by Pope Paul V. He succeeded Paul as pope on Feb. 9, 1621. Gregory’s pontificate achieved

Southeast Asian arts: Ketoprak and ludruk: Two other types of popular theatre, ketoprak and ludruk, were performed in Java by 150 to 200 professional troupes. Ketoprak, created by a Surakarta court official in 1914, evolved into a spoken drama of Javanese and Islamic history in which the clown figure is…

backgammon: …ancient Romans played a game, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum (“Twelve-lined Game”), which was identical, or nearly so, to modern backgammon. The game is still most generally played in the eastern Mediterranean countries.

Decimus Magnus Ausonius: …urbium (“Order of Noble Cities”); Ludus septem sapientum (“Play of the Seven Sages”), a forerunner of the morality play; and many epigrams, including adaptations from the Greek Anthology. His sentimental fondness for old ties is seen in Parentalia, a series of poems on deceased relatives, and Professores Burdigalenses, on the…

Herman Bang: …translated into English: Ludvigsbakke (1896; Ida Brandt) and De uden faedreland (1906; Denied a Country). The work he did from 1886 to 1890—including a collection of short stories, Stille existenser (1886; “Quiet Existences”), and the novels Stuk (1887; “Stucco”) and Tine (1889)—is considered to be his best. Bang died while…

Louis II was the king of Hungary and of Bohemia from 1516, who was the last of the Jagiełło line to rule those countries and the last king to rule all of Hungary before the Turks conquered a large portion of it. The only son of Vladislas II of Hungary and Bohemia, Louis was sickly as a child but

Ludwig August, Ritter von Benedek was an Austrian field marshal whose defeat at the Battle of Königgrätz (Battle of Sadowa) on July 3, 1866, was decisive in the emergence of Prussia as the predominant German power and the creation of a Prussian-dominated German Empire. Benedek entered the Austrian

canals and inland waterways: Europe: …in central Europe, but the Ludwig Canal, forming part of the Rhine-Main-Danube route, was opened in 1840. At the same time, steps were taken to improve river navigation generally, to provide speedier transport, and to enable a greater volume of freight to be carried. The Danube was regulated for 232…

Louis IV was the East Frankish king, the last of the East Frankish Carolingians. During his reign, the country was ravaged by frequent Magyar raids, and local magnates (the ancestors of the later ducal dynasties) brought Bavaria, Franconia, Swabia, and Saxony under their sway. The only son of the

Louis IV was the duke of Upper Bavaria (from 1294) and of united Bavaria (1340–47), German king (from 1314), and Holy Roman emperor (1328–47), first of the Wittelsbach line of German emperors. His reign was marked by incessant diplomatic and military struggles to defend the right of the empire to

Louis II was the king of the East Franks, who ruled lands from which the German state later evolved. The third son of the Carolingian emperor Louis I the Pious, Louis the German was assigned Bavaria at the partition of the empire in 817. Entrusted with the government of Bavaria in 825, he began his

Louis I was a Carolingian ruler of the Franks who succeeded his father, Charlemagne, as emperor in 814 and whose 26-year reign (the longest of any medieval emperor until Henry IV [1056–1106]) was a central and controversial stage in the Carolingian experiment to fashion a new European society.

Louis III was the king of part of the East Frankish realm who, by acquiring western Lotharingia (Lorraine) from the West Franks, helped to establish German influence in that area. A son of Louis II the German, king of the East Franks, Louis the Younger invaded Aquitaine on his father’s orders in

Main-Danube Canal: In 1837, under Ludwig I of Bavaria, work began on a canal between Bamberg and Kelheim, following much the same route as the modern canal. The Ludwig Canal remained in use until World War II, but it was never able to compete with the railways. In 1921 the…

Louis II was a Frankish emperor (850–875) who, as ruler of Italy, was instrumental in checking the Arab invasion of the peninsula. The eldest son of the Frankish emperor Lothar I, who ruled the “middle realm” of what had once been Charlemagne’s empire, Louis took over the administration of Italy on

Louis II was an eccentric king of Bavaria from 1864 to 1886 and an admirer and patron of the composer Richard Wagner. He brought his territories into the newly founded German Empire (1871) but concerned himself only intermittently with affairs of state, preferring a life of increasingly morbid

Louis III was the last king of Bavaria, from 1913 to 1918, when the revolution of November 7–8 brought the rule of the Wittelsbach dynasty to an end. In 1868 he married Maria Theresa, daughter of the archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este. In December 1912, on the death of his father, the regent

University of Munich, autonomous coeducational institution of higher learning supported by the state of Bavaria in Germany. It was founded in 1472 at Ingolstadt by the duke of Bavaria, who modeled it after the University of Vienna. During the Protestant Reformation, Johann Eck made the university a

Baden: Louis William I, margrave of Baden-Baden from 1677 to 1707, was a distinguished commander in the imperial army in wars against the Turks and against the French; he built the palace of Rastatt. Charles III William, margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1709 to 1738, founded Karlsruhe…

Carl F.W. Ludwig was a founder of the physicochemical school of physiology in Germany. A professor of physiology at the universities of Marburg (1846–49), Zürich (1849–55), Vienna (1855–65), and Leipzig (1865–95), Ludwig is best known for his study of the cardiovascular system. He invented (1847) a

Daniel Keith Ludwig was an American entrepreneur who parlayed a $5,000 loan on his father’s signature into a global shipping and real estate empire. Ludwig left school after the eighth grade and worked for a marine engine company before going into business for himself at the age of 19. He converted

Emil Ludwig was a German writer internationally known for his many popular biographies. Ludwig was trained in law but at 25 began writing plays and poems. After serving as foreign correspondent for a German newspaper during World War I, he wrote a novel (Diana, originally published as two works,

Jack Ludwig was a Canadian writer who produced three novels but was perhaps best known for his short stories and his articulate sports journalism. Ludwig grew up in Canada and was educated at the University of Manitoba (B.A., 1944) and the University of California, Los Angeles (Ph.D., 1953). He

Jack Ludwig was a Canadian writer who produced three novels but was perhaps best known for his short stories and his articulate sports journalism. Ludwig grew up in Canada and was educated at the University of Manitoba (B.A., 1944) and the University of California, Los Angeles (Ph.D., 1953). He

Molly Pitcher was a heroine of the Battle of Monmouth during the American Revolution. According to legend, at the Battle of Monmouth (June 28, 1778), Mary Hays, wife of artilleryman William Hays, carried water to cool both the cannon and the soldiers in her husband’s battery—hence the nickname

Otto Ludwig was a German novelist, playwright, and critic, remembered for his realistic stories, which contributed to the development of the Novelle. He coined the expression poetischer Realismus (“poetic Realism”), later used to describe the writing of many of his contemporaries. Although expected

University of Munich, autonomous coeducational institution of higher learning supported by the state of Bavaria in Germany. It was founded in 1472 at Ingolstadt by the duke of Bavaria, who modeled it after the University of Vienna. During the Protestant Reformation, Johann Eck made the university a

Onagraceae: …is another large day-blooming genus, Ludwigia, 75 species of water and marsh plants, mostly of eastern North America, ranging from annual herbs to large shrubs. Some other genera of the family are Boisduvalia; Circaea, enchanter’s nightshade, with hooked bristles on the fruits; Gaura, with small nutlike, indehiscent fruits; Gayophytum, thread-stemmed…

borate mineral: …with metamorphosed environments are boracite, ludwigite, sussexite, and kotoite.

canals and inland waterways: Europe: …in central Europe, but the Ludwig Canal, forming part of the Rhine-Main-Danube route, was opened in 1840. At the same time, steps were taken to improve river navigation generally, to provide speedier transport, and to enable a greater volume of freight to be carried. The Danube was regulated for 232…

Ludwigsburg, city, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies along the Neckar River just north of Stuttgart. Ludwigsburg (its name meaning “Ludwig’s Castle”) was founded by Duke Eberhard Ludwig of Württemberg around his palace (1704–33), the largest Baroque palace in Germany,

Ludwigsburg: Set in a scenic park, Ludwigsburg Palace contains a portrait gallery of the rulers of Württemberg and also their burial vault, a state art gallery and archives, the palace and regional museums, and a theatre. Concerts and an annual garden show are held in the palace and park. Also notable…

Ludwigsburg ware, faience and porcelain earthenwares made at Ludwigsburg, Württemberg (Germany), between 1736 and 1824. One of the best surviving examples of Ludwigsburg faience is a jar decorated with cold gilding and overglaze colours, now in the National Museum of Ceramics, Sèvres, France. The

Ludwigshafen, city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. Ludwigshafen is a port on the west (left) bank of the Rhine River. Founded in 1606 as a bridgehead (Rheinschanze) opposite Mannheim, it was renamed for King Louis (Ludwig) I of Bavaria in 1843 and was chartered in 1859.

Ludwigshafen, city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. Ludwigshafen is a port on the west (left) bank of the Rhine River. Founded in 1606 as a bridgehead (Rheinschanze) opposite Mannheim, it was renamed for King Louis (Ludwig) I of Bavaria in 1843 and was chartered in 1859.

Ludwig Gumplowicz was a sociologist and legal philosopher who was known for his disbelief in the permanence of social progress and for his theory that the state originates through inevitable conflict rather than through cooperation or divine inspiration. The son of Jewish parents, Gumplowicz

Louis I was the king of Hungary from 1342 and of Poland from 1370, who, during much of his long reign, was involved in wars with Venice and Naples. Louis was crowned king of Hungary in succession to his father, Charles I, on July 21, 1342. In 1346 he was defeated by the Venetians at Zara (now

Sydney Pollack: Film directing: … earning Academy Award nominations; writer Kurt Luedtke also earned an Oscar nod, for his screenplay.

Karl Lueger was a politician, cofounder and leader of the Austrian Christian Social Party, and mayor of Vienna who transformed the Austrian capital into a modern city. Lueger, from a working-class family, studied law at the University of Vienna. Elected to the capital’s municipal council as a

Conselheiro Lafaiete, city, southeastern Minas Gerais estado (state), southern Brazil. It lies in the Brazilian Highlands at 3,054 feet (931 metres) above sea level. Formerly known as Lueluz, the settlement was made the seat of a municipality in 1790 and given city status in 1886. Agriculture

Luvale, Bantu-speaking people of northwestern Zambia and southeastern Angola. In terms of history, language, material culture, and religion, the Luvale are closely related to the Lunda and Ndembu to the northeast, who extend northward into southern Congo (Kinshasa). They are also culturally similar

Otto Luening was an American composer, conductor, composition teacher, and flutist noted for his innovative experiments in composition employing the tape recorder. Luening’s father moved their family from Milwaukee to Munich in 1912 and to Zürich in 1917. Luening studied at conservatories in Munich

Otto Luening was an American composer, conductor, composition teacher, and flutist noted for his innovative experiments in composition employing the tape recorder. Luening’s father moved their family from Milwaukee to Munich in 1912 and to Zürich in 1917. Luening studied at conservatories in Munich

loofah, (genus Luffa), genus of seven species of annual climbing vines of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to the Old World tropics. Two species (Luffa acutangula and L. aegyptiaca) are commonly cultivated for their fruits, which are edible when young and have a fibrous spongelike interior

loofah, (genus Luffa), genus of seven species of annual climbing vines of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to the Old World tropics. Two species (Luffa acutangula and L. aegyptiaca) are commonly cultivated for their fruits, which are edible when young and have a fibrous spongelike interior

loofah: Two species (Luffa acutangula and L. aegyptiaca) are commonly cultivated for their fruits, which are edible when young and have a fibrous spongelike interior that is used domestically for bathing and for washing dishes. The spongy fruit also has a number of applications as an industrial filter.

loofah: Two species (Luffa acutangula and L. aegyptiaca) are commonly cultivated for their fruits, which are edible when young and have a fibrous spongelike interior that is used domestically for bathing and for washing dishes. The spongy fruit also has a number of applications as an industrial filter.

Greta Garbo: …small part in Luffar-Petter (1922; Peter the Tramp). From 1922 to 1924 she studied at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, and in 1924 she played a major role in Gösta Berlings Saga (The Saga of Gösta Berling). The film’s director, Mauritz Stiller, gave her the name Garbo, and in…

Lufira River, tributary of the Lualaba River, which is itself a headstream of the Congo River, in Congo (Kinshasa). The Lufira rises in the Katanga (Shaba) plateau south of Likasi, Congo, and flows 300 miles (500 km) northeast and north-northwest across the Bia Mountains to join the Lualaba through

Lufkin, city, seat (1890) of Angelina county, in the Piney Woods region of eastern Texas, U.S. The city is situated near the Angelina River and between Davy Crockett and Angelina national forests, some 110 miles (175 km) northwest of Beaumont. Founded in 1882 when the Houston, East, and West Texas

Brazilian literature: Redemocratization: …from their regional hometowns, and Lya Luft, whose works evoke the difficulty of communication, especially within families, as in her novel O quarto fechado (1990; “The Closed Door”; Eng. trans. The Island of the Dead). Other important female writers are Marina Colasanti, Márcia Denser, Zulmira Ribeiro Tavares, Tânia Faillace, Ana…

Lufthansa, German airline organized in Cologne, W.Ger., on Jan. 6, 1953, jointly by the federal government, the German National Railway, and the state of North Rhine–Westphalia; later it accepted private investors. It was the successor to Deutsche Luft Hansa, or DLH, which was founded in 1926,

Lufthansa, German airline organized in Cologne, W.Ger., on Jan. 6, 1953, jointly by the federal government, the German National Railway, and the state of North Rhine–Westphalia; later it accepted private investors. It was the successor to Deutsche Luft Hansa, or DLH, which was founded in 1926,

Lufthansa heist, theft on December 11, 1978, of some $5.8 million in cash and jewels from the air cargo building of the German airline Lufthansa at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City—at the time the biggest cash theft to have taken place in the United States. Of the many

airship: …completed his first airship, the LZ-1, in 1900. This technically sophisticated craft, 128 metres (420 feet) long and 11.6 metres (38 feet) in diameter, had an aluminum frame of 24 longitudinal girders set within 16 transverse rings and was powered by two 16-horsepower engines; it attained speeds approaching 32 km…

Stieg Larsson: The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets’ Nest), an adrenaline-fueled exploration of institutional corruption—earned similar acclaim. Though some critics charged that the novels’ determined focus on systematic violence against women was complicated by overly graphic depictions of such violence, the trilogy became wildly popular both within…

Luftwaffe, component of the German armed forces tasked with the air defense of Germany and fulfillment of the country’s airpower commitments abroad. The Luftwaffe was formally created in 1935, but military aviation had existed in the shadows in Germany since the end of World War I. The Treaty of

Lugus, (Celtic: “Lynx,” or “Light”?), in ancient Celtic religion, one of the major gods. He is one of the deities whom Julius Caesar identified with the Roman god Mercury (Greek: Hermes). His cult was widespread throughout the early Celtic world, and his name occurs as an element in many

Lugus, (Celtic: “Lynx,” or “Light”?), in ancient Celtic religion, one of the major gods. He is one of the deities whom Julius Caesar identified with the Roman god Mercury (Greek: Hermes). His cult was widespread throughout the early Celtic world, and his name occurs as an element in many

history of Mesopotamia: The Sumerians to the end of the Early Dynastic period: …for ruler par excellence is lugal, which etymologically means “big person.” The first occurrence comes from Kish about 2700 bce, since an earlier instance from Uruk is uncertain because it could simply be intended as a personal name: “Monsieur Legrand.” In Uruk the ruler’s special title was en. In later…

Adab: …dynasties, comprising only one king, Lugal-anne-mundu, who was said to have reigned for 90 years; according to his position on the king list this reign would have been about 2400. At almost all other times in its history Adab was ruled by kings who controlled all or most of Babylonia…

Mesopotamian religion: Myths: …called from its opening word Lugal-e (“O King”). This myth begins with a description of the young king, Ninurta, sitting at home in Nippur when, through his general, reports reach him of a new power that has arisen in the mountains to challenge him—i.e., Azag, son of Anu (Sky) and…

Lugalzagesi, (reigned c. 2375–50 bc), ensi (“sacred king”) of the southern Mesopotamian city of Umma, who first conquered the major cities of Lagash (c. 2375 bc) and Kish, then overcame the Sumerian cities of Ur and Uruk (he alone represents the 3rd dynasty of Uruk). After uniting all of Sumer, he

Lugalbanda, one of the major figures in the surviving Sumerian epics and the hero of the tale called the Lugalbanda Epic, or Lugalbanda and Enmerkar. See

Enmerkar: A third epic, Lugalbanda and Enmerkar, tells of the heroic journey to Aratta made by Lugalbanda in the service of Enmerkar. According to the epic, Uruk was under attack by Semitic nomads. In order to save his domain, Enmerkar required the aid of Inanna, who was in Aratta.…

Lugalzagesi, (reigned c. 2375–50 bc), ensi (“sacred king”) of the southern Mesopotamian city of Umma, who first conquered the major cities of Lagash (c. 2375 bc) and Kish, then overcame the Sumerian cities of Ur and Uruk (he alone represents the 3rd dynasty of Uruk). After uniting all of Sumer, he

Lugalzagesi, (reigned c. 2375–50 bc), ensi (“sacred king”) of the southern Mesopotamian city of Umma, who first conquered the major cities of Lagash (c. 2375 bc) and Kish, then overcame the Sumerian cities of Ur and Uruk (he alone represents the 3rd dynasty of Uruk). After uniting all of Sumer, he

phonetics: Suprasegmentals: …number of languages, among them Luganda (the language spoken by the largest tribe in Uganda) and Japanese, also have long and short consonants. In most languages segments followed by voiced consonants are longer than those followed by voiceless consonants. Thus the vowel in cad before the voiced d is much…

Lu-kang, town and port in Chang-hua (Zhanghua) county, western coastal Taiwan. It is situated on the Taiwan Strait west of the city of Chang-hua, with which its fortunes have been closely linked. Lu-kang was formerly one of the chief ports of Taiwan, and it absorbed many immigrants from the Chinese

Lugano, largest town in Ticino canton, southern Switzerland. It lies along Lake Lugano, northwest of Como,.; to the south is Mount San Salvatore (2,992 feet [912 meters]), and to the east is Mount Brè (3,035 feet [925 meters]). First mentioned in the 6th century, Lugano was occupied in 1499 by t

Lake Lugano, lake between Lakes Maggiore and Como with an area of 19 square miles (49 square km), of which the middle 12 square miles (31 square km) are in Ticino canton (Switzerland) and the northeastern and southwestern ends in the Lombardy regione (Italy). It lies 889 feet (271 meters) above sea

Lake Lugano, lake between Lakes Maggiore and Como with an area of 19 square miles (49 square km), of which the middle 12 square miles (31 square km) are in Ticino canton (Switzerland) and the northeastern and southwestern ends in the Lombardy regione (Italy). It lies 889 feet (271 meters) above sea

Luhansk, city, eastern Ukraine. It lies along the Luhan (Lugan) River at the latter’s confluence with the Vilkhivka (Olkhovaya) River. The city dates from 1795, when a state iron foundry was established there to supply ordnance to the Black Sea fleet. Luhansk grew with the development of the Donets

Espiritu Santo: …on the south coast near Luganville, the second largest town of Vanuatu, which has a deepwater port and an airport. Luganville was an important Allied military base during World War II. Exports include copra, coffee, cacao, canned meat, and tuna. Tourism gained importance in the late 20th century; divers are…

José Donoso: … (1966; “The Place Without Limits”; Hell Has No Limits), depict characters barely able to subsist in an atmosphere of desolation and anguish. El obsceno pajaro de la noche (1970; The Obscene Bird of Night), regarded as his masterpiece, presents a hallucinatory, often grotesque, world, and explores the fears, frustrations, dreams,…

Cooperative Threat Reduction: Nunn (Democrat, Georgia) and Richard Lugar (Republican, Indiana) to assist Russia and other former Soviet states in dismantling and disposing of their nuclear weapons during the 1990s.

Kaduna: Lugard Hall, the legislative assembly building constructed in simplified Islamic style, stands at the head of the main street. The assassination in Kaduna of Sir Ahmadu Bello, sardauna (sultan) of Sokoto and Northern premier, in an Igbo (Ibo) military coup in January 1966 led to…

Frederick Lugard was an administrator who played a major part in Britain’s colonial history between 1888 and 1945, serving in East Africa, West Africa, and Hong Kong. His name is especially associated with Nigeria, where he served as high commissioner (1900–06) and governor and governor-general

Frederick Lugard was an administrator who played a major part in Britain’s colonial history between 1888 and 1945, serving in East Africa, West Africa, and Hong Kong. His name is especially associated with Nigeria, where he served as high commissioner (1900–06) and governor and governor-general