Battle of Lundy’s Lane, (July 25, 1814), engagement fought a mile west of Niagara Falls, ending a U.S. invasion of Canada during the War of 1812. After defeating the British in the Battle of Chippewa on July 5, 1814, U.S. troops under General Jacob Brown established themselves at Queenston. On the

Benjamin Lundy was an American publisher and leading abolitionist in the 1820s and ’30s. Born to Quaker parents, Lundy was introduced early on to antislavery sentiment, as Quakers condemned the practice. His dedication to the abolitionist cause, however, did not begin until he was working as an

history of medicine: Anesthesia and thoracic surgery: John Lundy of the Mayo Clinic brought to a climax a long series of trials by many workers when he used Pentothal (thiopental sodium, a barbiturate) to put a patient peacefully to sleep. Then, in 1942, Harold Griffith and G. Enid Johnson of Montreal produced…

Martin Coles Harman was an English financier and one of the few private individuals—particularly, one of the few persons while alive—to have his portrait on coins. Harman engaged in questionable dealings that led to bankruptcy in 1932 and imprisonment in 1933–34 for fraud. In 1925 he purchased for

Los Angeles Rams: From The Fearsome Foursome to Eric Dickerson: … and ends Deacon Jones and Lamar Lundy. The Rams also featured pro football’s first “big” quarterback, 6-foot 5-inch (1.9-metre) Roman Gabriel. As dominant as the Foursome was, however, the Rams never advanced any further than the divisional playoff round over the course of the ’60s.

Quadrature of the Lune: …between circular arcs, known as lunes, could be expressed exactly as a rectilinear area, or quadrature. In the following simple case, two lunes developed around the sides of a right triangle have a combined area equal to that of the triangle.

River Lune, river rising near Newbiggin, administrative county of Cumbria, historic county of Westmorland, England, and flowing 45 miles (72 km) westward and then southward to empty into the Irish Sea a few miles south of Heysham in Lancashire. The river drains part of the northern Pennines, and

Lüneburg, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies on the Ilmenau River at the northeastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath (Lüneburger Heide), 30 miles (50 km) south of Hamburg. Known as Luniburc in ad 956, it expanded in the 12th century under Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony. It

Lüneburg Heath, region, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany, between the Aller and Elbe rivers. Its main character is that of a broad saddleback running about 55 miles (90 km) in a southeast-northwest direction with a mean elevation of about 250 feet (75 metres) and a high point,

Lüneburg Heath, region, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany, between the Aller and Elbe rivers. Its main character is that of a broad saddleback running about 55 miles (90 km) in a southeast-northwest direction with a mean elevation of about 250 feet (75 metres) and a high point,

Lünen, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies on the Lippe River and the Seiten Canal, just north of Dortmund. Founded 1336–40 and chartered in 1341 by the count of Mark, it passed to Brandenburg in 1609 and to Prussia in 1701. Lünen is a rail junction, port, and

Lunenburg, town, seat of Lunenburg county, southeastern Nova Scotia, Canada, lying on Lunenburg Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, 57 mi (92 km) west-southwest of Halifax. The town site was once occupied by the Indian village of Malliggeak or Merliguesche (Milky Bay) and later by a French fishing

lunette, arching aperture in a wall or concave ceiling. It may be crescent-shaped or semicircular. The word is the French diminutive of lune, “moon.” Lunettes may function as windows, they may form a cove for ornament or statuary, or they may be simply a section of wall framed by an arch or vault.

playa: Effects of wind action: …these features are sometimes called clay dunes. In Australia they are known as lunettes. James M. Bowler, an Australian Quaternary stratigrapher, produced a precise chronology of playa development and associated eolian activity in the desert of western New South Wales, Australia. There, numerous small lakes reached their maximum extent 32,000…

children’s literature: The 20th century: …his now-classic comic animal tale Les Lunettes du lion won immediate success (Eng. trans., The Lion’s Eyeglasses, 1969). On a high literary level, not accessible to all children, was Le Petit Prince (1943, both French and English, The Little Prince) by the famous aviator-author Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The very vagueness…

Lunéville, town in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département, Grand Est région, eastern France, situated at the confluence of the Vezouze and Meurthe rivers, east-southeast of Nancy. Incorporated in the duchy of Lorraine in the 15th century, it was joined to France in 1766. The Treaty of Lunéville between

Lunéville faience, tin-glazed earthenware, faience fine, and a kind of unglazed faience fine produced from 1723 at Lunéville, France. The first factory, established by Jacques Chambrette, became the Manufacture Royale du Roi de Pologne (“Royal Factory of the King of Poland”) in 1749, when the

Napoleon I: Military campaigns and uneasy peace: …was forced to sign the Treaty of Lunéville of February 1801, whereby France’s right to the natural frontiers that Julius Caesar had given to Gaul—namely, the Rhine, the Alps, and the Pyrenees—was recognized.

Argentina: Language and religion: …century, an underworld language called lunfardo developed in Buenos Aires, composed of words from many languages—among them Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, German, and languages from Africa. Lunfardo is now often heard in the lyrics of tango music.

long, in Chinese mythology, a type of majestic beast that dwells in rivers, lakes, and oceans and roams the skies. Originally a rain divinity, the Chinese dragon, unlike its malevolent European counterpart (see dragon), is associated with heavenly beneficence and fecundity. Rain rituals as early as

lung, in air-breathing vertebrates, either of the two large organs of respiration located in the chest cavity and responsible for adding oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from the blood. In humans each lung is encased in a thin membranous sac called the pleura, and each is connected with the

lung cancer, disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs. Lung cancer was first described by doctors in the mid-19th century. In the early 20th century it was considered relatively rare, but by the end of the century it was the leading cause of cancer-related death among men

lung congestion, distention of blood vessels in the lungs and filling of the alveoli with blood as a result of an infection, high blood pressure, or cardiac insufficiencies (i.e., inability of the heart to function adequately). The alveoli in the lungs are minute air sacs where carbon dioxide and

smoking: Lung disease: It is not surprising that smokers suffer from many respiratory diseases other than lung cancer. One such disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, which is one of the major causes of debilitation and eventual death in cigarette smokers. More than 80…

paragonimiasis: …most commonly is with the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani, which may reach some 8 to 12 mm (0.3 to 0.5 inch) in length. Paragonimiasis caused by P. westermani is especially common in East Asia, particularly in Japan. Infections involving other Paragonimus species are known to occur in parts of Africa…

lung infarction, death of one or more sections of lung tissue due to deprivation of an adequate blood supply. The section of dead tissue is called an infarct. The cessation or lessening of blood flow results ordinarily from an obstruction in a blood vessel that serves the lung. The obstruction may

lung plague, an acute bacterial disease producing pneumonia and inflammation of lung membranes in cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats. It is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides. See also

thoracic squeeze, compression of the lungs and thoracic (chest) cavity that occurs during a breath-holding dive under water. During the descent, an increase in pressure causes air spaces and gas pockets within the body to compress. The lungs are among the few bodily organs that are influenced by

transplant: The lung: Chronic fatal disease of the lung is common, but the progress of the disease is usually slow, and the patient may be ill for a long time. When the lung eventually fails, the patient is likely to be unfit for a general anesthetic and…

lung ventilation/perfusion scan, in medicine, a test that measures both air flow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs. Lung ventilation/perfusion scanning is used most often in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, the blockage of one of the pulmonary arteries or of a connecting

J.G. Farrell: He followed it with The Lung (1965), in which he drew upon his own affliction with polio, which he contracted at Oxford, to present a downbeat portrait of an irascible man confined to an iron lung. On the strength of these two works, in 1966 Farrell won a fellowship…

Longqing was the 12th emperor (reigned 1566/67–72) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), in whose short reign the famous minister Zhang Juzheng first came to power and the country entered a period of stability and prosperity. During his reign, the Mongol leader Altan (died 1583), who had been harassing

Longquan ware, celadon stoneware produced in kilns in the town of Longquan (province of Zhejiang), China, from the Song to the mid-Qing dynasties (roughly from the 11th to the 18th century). Early Longquan celadons had a transparent green glaze that was superb in quality, thick, and viscous,

Longmen caves, series of Chinese cave temples carved into the rock of a high riverbank south of the city of Luoyang, in Henan province. The cave complex, designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000, is one of China’s most popular tourist destinations. The temples were begun late in the Bei

dress: China: Qifu, or “dragon robes” (longpao) as they were usually called, were designed for regular court wear by men and women of imperial, noble, and official rank. The qifu was a straight, kimono-sleeved robe with a closely fitted neckband that continued across the breast and down…

Longshan culture, Neolithic culture of central China, named for the site in Shandong province where its remains were first discovered by C.T. Wu. Dating from about 2600 to 2000 bce, it is characterized by fine burnished ware in wheel-turned vessels of angular outline; abundant gray pottery;

Longyan, city, Fujian sheng (province), southeastern China. It is situated in the mountainous southwestern region of the province on a branch of the Jiulong River, at the centre of a fertile agricultural basin ringed by wooded hills. A highway network connects it with Zhangzhou and Xiamen (Amoy) on

longan, (Dimocarpus longan), tropical fruit tree of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to Asia and introduced into other warm regions of the world. The edible white-fleshed fruits are somewhat similar to the related lychee and are commonly sold fresh, dried, or canned in syrup. The juicy

lungfish, (subclass Dipnoi), any member of a group of six species of living air-breathing fishes and several extinct relatives belonging to the class Sarcopterygii and characterized by the possession of either one or two lungs. The Dipnoi first appeared in the Early Devonian Epoch (about 419.2

Longhi family, a family of three generations of Italian architects who were originally from Viggiu, near Milan, but worked in Rome. Martino Longhi the Elder (died 1591) was a Mannerist architect who was commissioned by Pope Sixtus V (1585–90) to build the church of San Girolamo degli Schiavoni

Longhi family: Martino Longhi the Elder (died 1591) was a Mannerist architect who was commissioned by Pope Sixtus V (1585–90) to build the church of San Girolamo degli Schiavoni (1588–90) and continued work on the Chiesa Nuova (Santa Maria in Vallicella, Rome; 1599–1605 and on), which had…

Longhi family: …died in 1619, his son, Martino Longhi the Younger (1602–57), continued the work. Onorio Longhi also designed the large oval chapel in San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome.

Longhi family: His son, Onorio Longhi (1569–1619), began his major work, San Carlo al Corso, Rome, one of the largest churches in that city, in January 1612; and when he died in 1619, his son, Martino Longhi the Younger (1602–57), continued the work. Onorio Longhi also designed the large…

Bangladesh: Daily life and social customs: The lungi (a length of cloth wrapped around the lower half of the body, comparable to the Malaysian sarong) with a short vest is the most common form of male attire in the countryside and in the less-wealthy sections of urban settlements. Men of the educated…

Lunglei, town, south-central Mizoram state, northeastern India. It is located 131 miles (211 km) south of Aizawl, the state capital. Lunglei is one of the most populous towns in the Mizo Hills. Rice is the principal crop in the agricultural economy. Cottage industries produce hand-loomed cloth,

Lunglei, town, south-central Mizoram state, northeastern India. It is located 131 miles (211 km) south of Aizawl, the state capital. Lunglei is one of the most populous towns in the Mizo Hills. Rice is the principal crop in the agricultural economy. Cottage industries produce hand-loomed cloth,

lungless salamander, (family Plethodontidae), any of more than 370 species of lungless amphibians dependent largely on cutaneous respiration (gas exchange through moistened skin). Plethodontidae is the largest group of salamanders, and its members occur predominantly in the Americas from southern

Silurian Period: Platform margins: The Longmaqi Formation of the Yangtze platform in South China is one such shale body, which indicates the base of the Silurian System throughout parts of Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces. As much as 500 metres (1,640 feet) thick in places, these shales…

lung, in air-breathing vertebrates, either of the two large organs of respiration located in the chest cavity and responsible for adding oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from the blood. In humans each lung is encased in a thin membranous sac called the pleura, and each is connected with the

Florence Welch: …and the group’s debut album, Lungs (2009), topped the U.K. charts. Florence + the Machine collected the award for the British album of the year at the 2010 Brit Awards, and a spellbinding performance at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards introduced Welch to an American audience and propelled Lungs…

Zambia: Zambia in the 21st century: Edgar Lungu, the PF candidate, won with 48.3 percent of the vote, just slightly more than the 46.7 percent garnered by his nearest competitor, Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development (UPND). Lungu was sworn in as president on January 25.

Lungwebungu River, largest headwater tributary of the Zambezi River, in southwest central Africa. It rises in the central plateau of Angola as the Lungué-Bungo River to flow east and southeast into Zambia. There it joins the Zambezi 65 miles (105 km) north of Mongu, after a course of 400 miles (645

Lungwebungu River, largest headwater tributary of the Zambezi River, in southwest central Africa. It rises in the central plateau of Angola as the Lungué-Bungo River to flow east and southeast into Zambia. There it joins the Zambezi 65 miles (105 km) north of Mongu, after a course of 400 miles (645

lungworm, any of the parasitic worms of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea (phylum Nematoda) that infest the lungs and air passages of mammals, including dolphins and whales. Examples include those of the genus Metastrongylus that live in pigs and those of the genus Dictyocaulus that live in sheep

tree lungwort, (Lobaria pulmonaria), a lichen that, because of its physical resemblance to the lungs, was once used to treat tuberculosis, pneumonia, and other lung diseases. Its elongated, forked thallus (12 to 18 centimetres), loosely attached at one end, is dark green when wet and greenish brown

lungwort, any plant of the genus Pulmonaria of the family Boraginaceae, especially P. officinalis, an herbaceous, hairy perennial plant, widespread in open woods and thickets of Europe. It is grown as a garden flower for its drooping, pink flowers that turn blue and for its often white-spotted

Luni River, river in Rajasthan state, western India. Rising on the western slopes of the Aravalli Range near Ajmer, where it is known as the Sagarmati, the river flows generally southwestward through the hills and across the plains of the region. It then enters a patch of desert before it finally

Luni River, river in Rajasthan state, western India. Rising on the western slopes of the Aravalli Range near Ajmer, where it is known as the Sagarmati, the river flows generally southwestward through the hills and across the plains of the region. It then enters a patch of desert before it finally

Lüneburg, city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies on the Ilmenau River at the northeastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath (Lüneburger Heide), 30 miles (50 km) south of Hamburg. Known as Luniburc in ad 956, it expanded in the 12th century under Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony. It

calendar: The Near East and the Middle East: The lunisolar calendar, in which months are lunar but years are solar—that is, are brought into line with the course of the Sun—was used in the early civilizations of the whole Middle East, except Egypt, and in Greece. The formula was probably invented in Mesopotamia in…

Sir Arnold Lunn was a British slalom skier and international authority on skiing who in 1922 introduced slalom gates (paired poles between which the skier must pass on his downward descent) and thereby created the modern Alpine slalom race. Lunn was introduced to skiing as a boy by his father, a

human intelligence: Cognitive theories: Hunt, Nancy Frost, and Clifford E. Lunneborg, who in 1973 showed one way in which psychometrics and cognitive modeling could be combined. Instead of starting with conventional psychometric tests, they began with tasks that experimental psychologists were using in their laboratories to study the basic phenomena of cognition, such…

Lunsar, town, west-central Sierra Leone, western Africa. A traditional trade centre of the Marampa–Masimera chiefdom for rice and palm oil and kernels, it developed after 1933 with the exploitation of iron ore, mined at Marampa, 4 miles (6 km) east. The Marampa mine closed down in 1975. The town

Lunt and Fontanne, American husband-and-wife acting team who performed together in more than two dozen theatrical productions, from Sweet Nell of Old Drury (1923) to The Visit (1958). Alfred Lunt (b. Aug. 19, 1892, Milwaukee, Wis., U.S.—d. Aug. 3, 1977, Chicago, Ill.) and Lynn Fontanne (original

Lunt and Fontanne: Lunt attended Carroll College (Waukesha, Wis.) and Harvard College but left school for an acting career, making his debut in a Boston repertory company in 1912 and thereafter taking several dramatic and vaudeville roles; these culminated in a critical success in the title role of…

sand dollar: …five or six slots, or lunules, through the test (external skeleton). Most sand dollars measure from 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) in diameter. Species of comparable size occur in shallow coastal waters throughout the rest of the world, except in Europe and Antarctica.

Lunyu, one of four texts of Confucianism that, when published together in 1190 by the Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi, became the great Chinese classic known as Sishu (“Four Books”). Lunyu has been translated into English as The Analects of Confucius. Lunyu is considered by scholars to be the most

Lin Yutang: In 1932 Lin established the Lunyu banyuekan (“Analects Fortnightly”), a type of Western-style satirical magazine totally new to China at that time. It was highly successful, and he soon introduced two more publications. In 1935 Lin published the first of his many English-language books, My Country and My People. It…

Luo, people living among several Bantu-speaking peoples in the flat country near Lake Victoria in western Kenya and northern Tanzania. More than four million strong, the Luo constitute the fourth largest ethnic group in Kenya (about one-tenth of the population) after the Kikuyu (with whom they

luo, any of several sizes and styles of Chinese gong. The most common luo are characteristically round and convex in shape, with edges that are turned toward the back. They come in many sizes and may be played singly or in groups; small luo of different sizes (and therefore pitches) may be hung

Luo Guanzhong was a Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers), which are classics of Chinese literature. Little is known with confidence about Luo’s life. His

Luo Guanzhong was a Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers), which are classics of Chinese literature. Little is known with confidence about Luo’s life. His

Luo Guanzhong was a Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers), which are classics of Chinese literature. Little is known with confidence about Luo’s life. His

Luo Guanzhong was a Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers), which are classics of Chinese literature. Little is known with confidence about Luo’s life. His

Nilo-Saharan languages: The diffusion of Nilo-Saharan languages: …Dinka (South Sudan), Kalenjin (Kenya), Luo (mainly in Kenya and Tanzania), and Teso (Uganda and Kenya). Of these, only Kanuri is a lingua franca in the proper sense.

Henan: Drainage: …comparatively small tributaries: the right-bank Luo River, on which Luoyang stands, and the left-bank Qin River.

Lop Nur, former saline lake in northwestern China that is now a salt-encrusted lake bed. It lies within the Tarim Basin of the eastern Takla Makan Desert, in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, and is one of the most barren areas of China. The former lake, occupying roughly 770 square miles

Chinese literature: Poetry: Luofuxing (“The Song of Luofu”; also called Moshangsang, “Roadside Mulberry Tree”) recounts how a pretty young lady declined a carriage ride offered her by a government commissioner. The most outstanding folk ballad of this period is Kongque dongnanfei (“Southeast the Peacock Flies”). The longest poem…

luogu, Chinese percussion ensemble composed of a variety of instruments, including—in addition to an assortment of gongs and drums—cymbals, bells, and woodblocks. The luogu accompanies parades, folk dances, and theatre. Luogu also are present to accompany the popular lion dance held during the

Luohe, city, central Henan sheng (province), east-central China. It is situated on the Sha River, which flows southeastward to the Huai River, at the point where it is crossed by the main Beijing-Guangzhou (Canton) railway. It is a focus not only for rail and river transport but also for the local

Vancouver Canucks: …left wing Markus Naslund, goaltender Roberto Luongo, and identical-twin forwards Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the Canucks failed to advance beyond the second round of the playoffs over that span. In 2010–11 Vancouver captured the Presidents’ Trophy for posting the NHL’s best regular-season record that season, which the team followed by…

Luorawetlan languages, family of languages including Chukchi, Koryak, Itelmen, Aliutor, and Kerek, spoken in northeastern Siberia. The Luorawetlan language family is placed with the Yeniseian languages, Yukaghir, and Nivkh within the Paleo-Siberian languages, which are not genetically related. The

Chukchi, people inhabiting the northeasternmost part of Siberia, the Chukotskiy (Chukotka) autonomous okrug (district) in Russia. They numbered 14,000 in the late 20th century and are divided into two chief subgroups, reindeer Chukchi and maritime Chukchi. The reindeer Chukchi inhabit the interior

Luorawetlan languages, family of languages including Chukchi, Koryak, Itelmen, Aliutor, and Kerek, spoken in northeastern Siberia. The Luorawetlan language family is placed with the Yeniseian languages, Yukaghir, and Nivkh within the Paleo-Siberian languages, which are not genetically related. The

Chinese literature: 1927–37: …denizen of China’s “lower depths”—Luotuo Xiangzi (1936; “Camel Xiangzi,” published in English in a bowdlerized translation as Rickshaw Boy, 1945).

Luoyang, city, northwestern Henan sheng (province), east-central China. It was important in history as the capital of nine ruling dynasties and as a Buddhist centre. The contemporary city is divided into an east town and a west town. Luoyi (present-day Luoyang) was founded in the mid-11th century

Chinese literature: Prose: …mention: Yang Xuanzhi, author of Luoyang Jialanji (“Record of Buddhist Temples in Luoyang”), and Li Daoyuan, author of Shuijingzhu (“Commentary on the Water Classic”). Although both of these works seem to have been planned to serve a practical, utilitarian purpose, they are magnificent records of contemporary developments and charming storehouses…

James Murdoch: Instead, he founded Lupa Systems, an investment firm. In 2020 Murdoch resigned from the board of News Corp, stating that it was “due to disagreements over certain editorial content published by the Company’s news outlets and certain other strategic decisions.” He later accused News Corp of spreading “disinformation”…

pre-Columbian civilizations: The highlands and the low countries: The Lupaca (Lupaqa), an Aymara-speaking polity whose political centre was located on the puna on the shores of Lake Titicaca, controlled outliers on both slopes.

Moldova: The arts: …poetry of Emilian Bucov and Andrei Lupan, who followed the principles of Socialist Realism; later they and younger writers diversified their techniques and subject matter. Perhaps the most outstanding modern writer is the dramatist and novelist Ion Druța. His novel Balade de câmpie (1963; “Ballads of the Steppes”), an investigation…

pre-Columbian civilizations: The highlands and the low countries: The Lupaca (Lupaqa), an Aymara-speaking polity whose political centre was located on the puna on the shores of Lake Titicaca, controlled outliers on both slopes.

Zambezi River: Physiography: …the river has cut the Lupata Gorge through a range of hills, where it emerges onto the Mozambique Plain and occupies a broad valley that spreads out in places to a width of three to five miles. Near Vila Fontes the river receives its last great tributary, the Shire River,…

Andy Warhol: …Little Rich Girl (1965) and Lupe (1966), both of which featured Edie Sedgwick.

Lupemban industry, a sub-Saharan African stone tool industry dating from the late Pleistocene, beginning about 40,000 years ago. The Lupemban industry was derived from and replaced the Sangoan industry, which is found in forested areas of sub-Saharan Africa. The Lupemban industry is characterized

Lupemban industry, a sub-Saharan African stone tool industry dating from the late Pleistocene, beginning about 40,000 years ago. The Lupemban industry was derived from and replaced the Sangoan industry, which is found in forested areas of sub-Saharan Africa. The Lupemban industry is characterized

Lupercalia, ancient Roman festival that was conducted annually on February 15 under the superintendence of a corporation of priests called Luperci. The origins of the festival are obscure, although the likely derivation of its name from lupus (Latin: “wolf”) has variously suggested connection with

Lupercalia: …a corporation of priests called Luperci. The origins of the festival are obscure, although the likely derivation of its name from lupus (Latin: “wolf”) has variously suggested connection with an ancient deity who protected herds from wolves and with the legendary she-wolf who nursed Romulus and Remus. As a fertility…

Magda Lupescu was a Romanian adventurer who, as mistress of King Carol II of Romania, exerted a wide-ranging influence on Romanian public affairs during the 1930s. The facts concerning her early life are uncertain, but it is known that her father was Jewish and her mother Roman Catholic. She was

AS Roma, Italian professional football (soccer) team based in Rome. AS Roma has been an almost constant presence in Italy’s top league, Serie A, throughout its history. It is one of the best-supported teams in the country. AS Roma was founded in 1927 and joined Serie A upon the league’s formation

lupine, (genus Lupinus), genus of about 200 species of herbaceous and partly woody plants in the pea family (Fabaceae). Lupines are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area but are especially numerous on the prairies of western North America. Many are grown as ornamentals for their attractive