history of Europe: The chronology of the Metal Ages: …into either Early, Middle, and Late phases or into the Unetician, Tumulus, and Urnfield cultures. Synchronizations of the more detailed local subdivisions, which were based on typology of metal objects and cross-associations, have employed schemes of Paul Reinecke and Oscar Montelius. Oscar Montelius’ chronology was developed on the basis of…

Turkic languages: Literary languages: …Middle and Late Ottoman, Azerbaijani, Late Chagatai, and others. Ottoman is the leading language, with a rich literature comprising a variety of forms and styles. Azerbaijani reached a high level of development in the 16th century. Chagatai continued to play a major role, mixing with local elements in, for example,…

Mexico: Classic Period: In the Late Classic subperiod, between 600 and 900 ce, ceremonial centres in the Maya Lowlands proliferated, as did the carving and erection of the inscribed and dated stelae and monuments. Farming techniques became more sophisticated, abstract thinking soared, and Maya astronomers and mathematicians finished work on…

Western architecture: Late Classical (c. 400–323 bce): With growth now concentrated in outlying areas, there was understandably less temple building in mainland Greece in this period than there had been in the 5th century, but the Doric temples at Tegea and Nemea in the Peloponnese were important,…

Australia: The Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras: …slow) seafloor spreading in the Late Cretaceous (about 100 to 66 million years ago). The other momentous event at that time took place in eastern Australia. The shallow sea that had covered nearly half of Australia during the Early Cretaceous retreated when the long-enduring Chilean-type subduction off eastern Australia was…

Georges Braque: Cubism: …1912 Picasso and Braque entered Synthetic Cubism, the phase in which subject matter became more central as the artists moved their forms out of the confusion of contrasting planes. That year Braque created what is generally considered the first papier collé by attaching three pieces of wallpaper to the drawing…

Devonian Period: Correlation of Devonian strata: The Late Devonian was characterized by a spectacular evolutionary radiation of Palmatolepis and its relatives.

rodent: Evolution and classification: Late Eocene to present. Family Echimyidae (American spiny rats) 71 species in 17 genera, 21 extinct genera. Late Oligocene to present in South America, Pleistocene to present in West Indies. Family Octodontidae (rock rats, degus, viscachas, viscacha

Jackson Browne: …two, including the highly regarded Late for the Sky, featured instrumentalist David Lindley—Browne had million-selling hits with The Pretender (1976) and the live album Running on Empty (1978); the title tracks from both recordings are among his best-known songs. His musical style ranged from romantic folk rock ballads to up-tempo…

Mesoamerican civilization: In the subsequent Late Formative and Classic periods, lasting until about 700–900 ce, the well-known Maya, Zapotec, Totonac, and Teotihuacán civilizations developed distinctive variations on their shared Olmec heritage. The Maya, for example, brought astronomy, mathematics, calendar making, and

Joseph L. Mankiewicz: Directing: The Late George Apley (1947) was a more typical Mankiewicz project, a comedy of manners that preserves the literary flavour of the J.P. Marquand novel on which it is based; Ronald Colman played a Boston blue blood concerned only with his social standing. The Ghost…

John P. Marquand: …a crumbling New England gentility: The Late George Apley (1937), Wickford Point (1939), and H.M. Pulham, Esquire (1941), in which a conforming Bostonian renounces romantic love for duty. He wrote three novels dealing with the dislocations of wartime America—So Little Time (1943), Repent in Haste (1945), and B.F.’s

Gothic art: Late Gothic: In France the Rayonnant style evolved about 1280 into an even more decorative phase called the Flamboyant style, which lasted until about 1500. In England a development known as the Perpendicular style lasted from about 1375 to 1500. The most conspicuous feature of…

history of Europe: Changing centres of wealth: …but, as with Heuneburg, the Late Hallstatt Period is a distinct phase, and the brief time it took for these centres to come into existence demonstrates the potential for power available at the time. Heuneburg was one of the wealthiest of all these sites, and it is important for many…

meteor and meteoroid: Meteorites—meteoroids that survive atmospheric entry: …often referred to as the Late Heavy Bombardment, can be seen in the ancient, heavily cratered terrains of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and many other bodies.

pre-Columbian civilizations: The Late Intermediate Period: The Late Intermediate Period began about 1000 (Rowe has said 900) with the dying out of the signs of unity imposed by Huari. The seeds of the Chimú state were probably sown at the same time, but they are…

Japanese art: Jōmon period: In the Late Jōmon (c. 1500–1000 bce) colder temperatures and increased rainfall forced migration from the central mountains to the eastern coastal areas of Honshu. There is evidence of even greater interest in ritual, probably because of the extensive decrease in population. From this time are found…

Australia: The Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras: …in the northwest during the Late Jurassic (about 164 to 145 million years ago) and in the west during the Early Cretaceous (about 145 to 100 million years ago). Subsequent burial of the sand by sediment of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic age (about 66 million years old or younger) generated…

James Corden: …as host of CBS TV’s The Late Late Show, replacing Craig Ferguson. Corden debuted the following year, and critics generally agreed that his venture into American late-night TV was a hit. The show combined traditional celebrity interviews and zany comedy skits, notably “carpool karaoke,” in which entertainers sang and answered…

Luigi Pirandello: …Il fu Mattia Pascal (1904; The Late Mattia Pascal). Although the theme is not typically “Pirandellian,” since the obstacles confronting its hero result from external circumstances, it already shows the acute psychological observation that was later to be directed toward the exploration of his characters’ subconscious.

Middle English language: …and Geoffrey Chaucer; and (3) Late Middle English, from about 1400 to about 1500, which was marked by the spread of the London literary dialect and the gradual cleavage between the Scottish dialect and the other northern dialects. During this period the basic lines of inflection as they appear in…

Minoan civilization: The Late Minoan period (c. 1400–c. 1100 bce), however, was a time of marked decline in both economic power and aesthetic achievement.

Miocene Epoch: …million years ago), and the Late Miocene Epoch (11.6 million to 5.3 million years ago). The Miocene may also be divided into six ages and their corresponding rock stages: from oldest to youngest these ages or stages are the Aquitanian, Burdigalian, Langhian, Serravallian, Tortonian, and Messinian. The

Nazca: …relatively uncomplicated and bold; the Late Nazca (Ica) style runs to other vessel forms, including some modeled effigies, and the designs incorporate more fine detail.

Mindy Kaling: Later acting work: …wrote her first feature-length screenplay, Late Night, in which she also starred as a diversity hire on the writing team of a nightly talk show. She later voiced the title character in the animated TV series Velma (2023– ), which was inspired by the teen mystery show Scooby-Doo, Where Are…

Marc Maron: …than 30 appearances, one of Late Night with Conan O’Brien’s most-prolific guests. In 2004 he began his tempestuous tenure on left-leaning Air America Radio (AAR), from which he was fired and rehired twice. In 2009 Maron—in the midst of a divorce and struggling in his career, which was hindered by…

David Letterman: Late Night with David Letterman: …television with the critically acclaimed Late Night with David Letterman, which premiered in 1982 on NBC. The show ran immediately after Carson’s The Tonight Show, and its ironic and offbeat humor was a hit with viewers. Late Night featured top-10 lists; sarcastic interplay between Letterman and his comic foil, bandleader…

The Tonight Show: …who had replaced O’Brien at Late Night, began hosting The Tonight Show, which moved back to New York City. An alumnus of Saturday Night Live, he brought from his Late Night show a focus on comedic sketches rather than the long opening monologue favored by Carson and Leno, and the…

Japanese language: Literary history: …(up to the 8th century), Late Old Japanese (9th–11th century), Middle Japanese (12th–16th century), Early Modern Japanese (17th–18th century), and Modern Japanese (19th century to the present).

rodent: Evolution and classification: …million years to the Late Paleocene Epoch in North America. Those species, however, are considered to have originated in Eurasia, so the origin of the order Rodentia is certainly older. However, lack of fossil evidence prior to the Late Paleocene makes the understanding of evolutionary relationships between rodents above the…

ancient Egypt: The Late period (664–332 bce): Assyria, unable to maintain a large force in Egypt, supported several delta vassal princes, including the powerful Psamtik I of Sais. But the Assyrians faced serious problems closer to home, and Psamtik (or Psammetichus I, ruled 664–610 bce) was able to…

Permian Period: Sea level: …at various times within the Late Permian (Lopingian) Epoch and at the terminus of the Permian Period. Extended global withdrawal of seas from continental shelves and platforms led to significant unconformities (gaps in the geologic record) and to extensive evolutionary turnovers (events of species diversification and extinction) in shallow marine…

therapeutics: Wound treatment: In the late phase, the production of new and stronger collagen remodels the scar, blood vessels enlarge, and the epithelium at the surface heals.

harvest mouse: Old World harvest mouse: …back as far as the late Pliocene Epoch (3.6 to 2.6 million years ago). Wood mice are the closest living relatives of the Old World harvest mouse.

pre-Columbian civilizations: The Late Preceramic: There is ample evidence of human occupation by 3500 bce, at which time there was already considerable diversity along the Pacific. In the central and northern coastal areas lived people who cultivated beans, squash, cotton, and chili peppers and who exploited the sea,…

Precambrian: Proterozoic plate movements: During the late Proterozoic (Neoproterozoic Era), some orogenic belts, like the Pan-African belts of Saudi Arabia and East Africa, continued to develop. The intense crustal growth and the many orogenic belts that formed throughout the Proterozoic began to create large continental blocks, which amalgamated to produce a…

Ur: Foundation of the city: …the succeeding “Jamdat Nasr” (Late Protoliterate) phase, a large cemetery produced valuable remains allied to more sensational discoveries made at Erech.

Kanye West: Late Registration, Graduation, and 808s and Heartbreak: His second album, Late Registration (2005), repeated the commercial success of his first—with a number of hit singles, including “Diamonds from Sierra Leone” and “Gold Digger”—and earned West three more Grammy Awards. He also gained attention for his widely quoted assertion that the federal government’s slow response to…

Western architecture: Italian Mannerism or Late Renaissance (1520–1600): Mannerism is the term applied to certain aspects of artistic style, mainly Italian, in the period between the High Renaissance of the early 16th century and the beginnings of Baroque art in the early 17th. From the third decade of the 16th…

China: The Shang dynasty: …and the Yinxu phase of Late Shang indicates a widespread network of Shang cultural sites that were linked by uniform bronze-casting styles and mortuary practices. A relatively homogeneous culture united the Bronze Age elite through much of China about the 14th century bce.

Late Show, American late-night talk show that began airing on the CBS television network in 1993, with comedian David Letterman as host, and won numerous Emmy Awards for its innovative, frequently off-the-wall approach to the talk-show format. After Letterman stepped down in 2015, Stephen Colbert

Late Show, American late-night talk show that began airing on the CBS television network in 1993, with comedian David Letterman as host, and won numerous Emmy Awards for its innovative, frequently off-the-wall approach to the talk-show format. After Letterman stepped down in 2015, Stephen Colbert

Late Show, American late-night talk show that began airing on the CBS television network in 1993, with comedian David Letterman as host, and won numerous Emmy Awards for its innovative, frequently off-the-wall approach to the talk-show format. After Letterman stepped down in 2015, Stephen Colbert

Robert Benton: Directing: Benton next directed The Late Show (1977) from his own screenplay about an aging private eye whose partner is killed while trying to help a quirky woman find her cat. Art Carney was impressive as Ira Wells, the gumshoe who is falling apart at the seams, and Lily…

Neolithic, final stage of technological development in the Stone Age. It was characterized by stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding, dependence on domesticated plants and animals, settlement in permanent villages, and the appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving. The Neolithic Period

Mike Davis: In his 2000 book Late Victorian Holocausts, Davis demonstrated that economic and political decisions made by colonial powers were responsible for the famines that swept India, China, and Brazil between 1870 and 1914, resulting in tens of millions of deaths.

angiosperm: Secondary vascular system: …wood (spring wood) and the late wood (summer wood); early wood is less dense because the cells are larger and their walls are thinner. Although the transition of early wood to late wood within a growth ring may be obscure, that demarcation between the adjacent late wood of one ring…

human endocrine system: The testis: …by late-onset hypogonadism (andropause, or male menopause), which begins around age 40 and results in decreased testicular function and testosterone deficiency. Symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism include decreased libido, fatigue, depression, and erectile dysfunction. The condition may proceed unnoticed for many years because symptoms are often subtle.

Pierre Latécoère was a French aircraft manufacturer who aided the development of international airline service. The Compagnie Latécoère began commercial air flights between Toulouse, Fr., and Barcelona on Dec. 25, 1918, and extended its route to Morocco in 1919 and to Dakar, Senegal, in 1925. In

Anita Brookner: Brookner’s other novels included Latecomers (1988), chronicling the lives of two male German Jews orphaned during the Holocaust who make a life for themselves in England; Brief Lives (1990); Fraud (1992); Visitors (1997); Undue Influence (1999); the Booker-nominated The Next Big Thing (2002); The Rules of Engagement (2003); Leaving…

lateen sail, triangular sail that was of decisive importance to medieval navigation. The ancient square sail permitted sailing only before the wind; the lateen was the earliest fore-and-aft sail. The triangular sail was affixed to a long yard or crossbar, mounted at its middle to the top of the

human behaviour: Psychoanalytic theories: …before puberty are called the latency stage. During the final and so-called genital stage of development, mature gratification is sought in a heterosexual love relationship with another. Freud believed that adult emotional problems result from either deprivation or excessive gratification during the oral, anal, or phallic stages. A child with…

dream: Psychoanalytic interpretations: …being expressed were called the latent content. Freud suggested that the dreamer kept himself from waking and avoided unpleasant awareness of repressed wishes by disguising them as bizarre manifest content in an effort called dreamwork. He held that impulses one fails to satisfy when awake are expressed in dreams as…

fingerprint: Latent fingerprinting involves locating, preserving, and identifying impressions left by a culprit in the course of committing a crime. In latent fingerprints, the ridge structure is reproduced not in ink on a record card but on an object in sweat, oily secretions, or other substances…

latent heat, energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state (phase) that occurs without changing its temperature. The latent heat associated with melting a solid or freezing a liquid is called the heat of fusion; that associated with vaporizing a liquid or a solid

Paddy Chayefsky: The Latent Heterosexual (published 1967; performed 1968) tells of a successful homosexual author who marries for tax purposes and enjoys it.

latent image, in photography, the invisible configuration of silver halide crystals on a piece of film after exposure to image-bearing focussed light; it is distinguishable from unexposed silver halide only by its ability to be reduced to metallic silver by a developing agent. According to current

eigenvalue, one of a set of discrete values of a parameter, k, in an equation of the form Pψ = kψ, in which P is a linear operator (that is, a symbol denoting a linear operation to be performed), for which there are solutions satisfying given boundary conditions. The symbol ψ (psi) represents an

tuberculosis: The course of tuberculosis: In this condition, sometimes called latent tuberculosis, the affected person is not contagious. In some cases, however, sometimes after periods of time that can reach 40 years or more, the original tubercles break down, releasing viable bacilli into the bloodstream. From the blood the bacilli create new tissue infections elsewhere…

Stephen King: Other novels: …miniseries 2020); The Institute (2019); Later (2021); and Fairy Tale (2022).

Korea: The emergence of provincial magnates: …Gung Ye, established, respectively, the Later Baekje (892) and Later Goguryeo (also called Majin or Taebong; 901) kingdoms. Together with Silla, they are commonly referred to as the Later Three Kingdoms. In this period Seon (Zen) Buddhism was most popular, with its emphasis on the importance of realizing, through contemplation,…

Deccan: century, the Chalukya, Rastrakuta, Later Chalukya, Hoysala, and Yadava families successively established regional kingdoms in the Deccan, but they were continually in conflict with neighbouring states and recalcitrant feudatories. The later kingdoms also were subject to looting raids by the Muslim Delhi sultanate, which eventually gained control of the…

China: The rise of the Manchu: …banners were created as the Manchu conquered new regions, and eventually there were Manchu, Mongol, and Chinese banners, eight for each ethnic group. By 1648 less than one-sixth of the bannermen were actually of Manchu ancestry. The Manchu conquest was thus achieved with a multiethnic army led by Manchu nobles…

Korea: The emergence of provincial magnates: …the Later Baekje (892) and Later Goguryeo (also called Majin or Taebong; 901) kingdoms. Together with Silla, they are commonly referred to as the Later Three Kingdoms. In this period Seon (Zen) Buddhism was most popular, with its emphasis on the importance of realizing, through contemplation, the inborn Buddha nature…

Five Dynasties: …name Liu Zhiyuan) founded the Hou (Later) Han dynasty and pushed the Khitan back into Inner Asia. But this regime lasted only four years before still another general usurped the throne, founding the Hou (Later) Zhou dynasty. Although progress toward a more stable government began to be made during this…

China: Dong (Eastern) Han: The Han house was restored by Liu Xiu, better known as Guangwudi, who reigned from 25 to 57 ce. His claim had been contested by another member of the Liu house—Liu Xuan, better known as Liu Gengshi—who had been actually enthroned for…

Five Dynasties: …Asia, and Gaozu established the Hou (Later) Jin dynasty. When Gaozu’s son attempted to halt his tribute payments to the Khitan in 946, they reinvaded North China and carried him into captivity, thus ending the 10-year Hou Jin dynasty. The following year a former Hou Jin general who also bore…

Korea: The emergence of provincial magnates: …the Later Baekje (892) and Later Goguryeo (also called Majin or Taebong; 901) kingdoms. Together with Silla, they are commonly referred to as the Later Three Kingdoms. In this period Seon (Zen) Buddhism was most popular, with its emphasis on the importance of realizing, through contemplation, the inborn Buddha nature…

Later Le Dynasty, (1428–1788), the greatest and longest lasting dynasty of traditional Vietnam. Its predecessor, the Earlier Le, was founded by Le Hoan and lasted from 980 to 1009. The Later Le was established when its founder, Le Loi, began a resistance movement against the Chinese armies then

China: The Sui dynasty: …dethroned the emperor of the Hou (Later) Liang, the state that had ruled the middle Yangtze valley as a puppet of the Bei Zhou since 555. In 589 he overwhelmed the last southern dynasty, the Chen, which had put up only token resistance. Several rebellions against the Sui regime subsequently…

Five Dynasties: …the five dynasties was the Hou (Later) Liang, which was established by the rebel leader Zhu Wen after he usurped the Tang throne in 907. Zhu was murdered by his own son in 912, and the Hou Liang was overthrown by one of its generals, Zhuangzong (personal name Li Cunxu),…

Later Ly dynasty, (1009–1225), first of the three great dynasties of Vietnam. The kingdom, known later as Dai Viet, was established by Ly Thai To in the Red River Delta area of present northern Vietnam. Its capital was Thang Long (Hanoi). (It is “later” with respect to the Earlier Ly dynasty,

Korea: The emergence of provincial magnates: …Gung Ye, established, respectively, the Later Baekje (892) and Later Goguryeo (also called Majin or Taebong; 901) kingdoms. Together with Silla, they are commonly referred to as the Later Three Kingdoms. In this period Seon (Zen) Buddhism was most popular, with its emphasis on the importance of realizing, through contemplation,…

Aegean civilizations: Period of the Late Palaces in Crete (c. 1700–1450): Various disasters occurred in Crete about the turn of the 18th and 17th centuries bc. The palaces at Knossos and Mallia were damaged, while that at Phaistos and a building that may have been the residence…

China: The Shiguo (Ten Kingdoms): …Qian (Former) Shu (907–925), the Hou (Later) Shu (934–965), the Min (909–945), the Bei (Northern) Han (951–979), the Nan Han (917–971), and the Wu-Yue (907–978), the last located in China’s most rapidly advancing area—in and near the lower Yangtze delta.

Norman L. Bowen: …basis of his critical review The Later Stages of the Evolution of the Igneous Rocks (1915), a paper of such outstanding merit that it established Bowen’s position at the age of 28 as an international figure in petrology.

Five Dynasties: …Li Cunxu), who established the Hou (Later) Tang dynasty in 923. Although Zhuangzong and his successors ruled relatively well for 13 years, the Hou Tang was finally terminated when one of its generals, Gaozu (personal name Shi Jingtang), overthrew his master with the aid of the Khitan, a seminomadic people…

Grace Paley: …the Last Minute (1974) and Later the Same Day (1985), both of which continued her compassionate, often comic, exploration of ordinary individuals struggling against loneliness. All feature the character of Faith, Paley’s reputed alter ego. The Collected Stories appeared in 1994. Leaning Forward (1985) and Begin Again: New and Collected…

Korea: The emergence of provincial magnates: …commonly referred to as the Later Three Kingdoms. In this period Seon (Zen) Buddhism was most popular, with its emphasis on the importance of realizing, through contemplation, the inborn Buddha nature of the individual.

Minamoto Yoshiie: …are collectively known as the Later Three Years’ War, three years being the time of the actual fighting, not counting the pauses.

India: Later Vedic period (c. 800–c. 500 bce): The principal literary sources from this period are the Sama-, the Yajur-, and the Atharvaveda (mainly ritual texts), the Brahmanas (manuals on ritual), and the Upanishads (Upanisads) and Aranyakas (collections of philosophical and metaphysical discourses). Associated with the…

Television in the United States: The late shows: By 1988 NBC had added Later with Bob Costas (1988–94), extending weeknight network programming to 2:30 am Eastern Standard Time.

Five Dynasties: …usurped the throne, founding the Hou (Later) Zhou dynasty. Although progress toward a more stable government began to be made during this time, the emperor died, leaving an infant on the throne. As a result, another general, Zhao Kuangyin (Taizu), seized the throne, founding the more long-lived Song dynasty, thus…

ellipse: …the minor axis is a latus rectum (literally, “straight side”).

irrigation: Transport systems: …water flows into branches, or laterals, and finally to distributors that serve groups of farms. Many auxiliary structures are required, including weirs (flow-diversion dams), sluices, and other types of dams. Canals are normally lined with concrete to prevent seepage losses, control weed growth, eliminate erosion hazards, and reduce maintenance. The…

lateral, in phonetics, a consonant sound produced by raising the tip of the tongue against the roof of the mouth so that the airstream flows past one or both sides of the tongue. The l sounds of English, Welsh, and other languages are

plant development: Branching of the shoot: …a stem—that is, in a leaf axil. In some plants, buds may also form from the older parts of shoot or root remote from the main apices; these buds, termed adventitious, do not conform to the general plan.

lateral, in phonetics, a consonant sound produced by raising the tip of the tongue against the roof of the mouth so that the airstream flows past one or both sides of the tongue. The l sounds of English, Welsh, and other languages are

laterality, in biological psychology, the development of specialized functioning in each hemisphere of the brain or in the side of the body which each controls. The most obvious example of laterality is handedness, which is the tendency to use one hand or the other to perform activities. It is the

tennis elbow, an injury characterized by pain at the lateral (outer) aspect of the elbow. The patient may also complain of tenderness on palpation of the area of concern, usually the dominant arm. This entity was first described in a scientific article in 1873, and since that time the mechanism of

strike-slip fault, in geology, a fracture in the rocks of Earth’s crust in which the rock masses slip past one another parallel to the strike, the intersection of a rock surface with the surface or another horizontal plane. These faults are caused by horizontal compression, but they release their

human nervous system: Lumbar plexus: …and genital regions) and the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (to skin on the lateral thigh). Two major branches of the lumbar plexus are the obturator and femoral nerves. The obturator enters the thigh through the obturator foramen; motor branches proceed to the obturator internus and gracilis muscles as well as…

Franciscus Sylvius: …(1641) the deep cleft (Sylvian fissure) separating the temporal (lower), frontal, and parietal (top rear) lobes of the brain.

lateral flow test, method for the rapid detection and quantification of chemicals and other substances (analytes) in liquid samples from biological, environmental, and other sources. Lateral flow tests are highly versatile and can be applied in a variety of settings to detect the presence of a

fontanel: …unions of the sphenoid and mastoid bones with the parietal bone. The posterior fontanel is triangular and lies at the apex of the occipital bone. The largest fontanel, the anterior, is at the crown between the halves of the frontal and the parietals. It is diamond shaped and about 2.5…

horizontal gene transfer, the transmission of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) between different genomes. Horizontal gene transfer is known to occur between different species, such as between prokaryotes (organisms whose cells lack a defined nucleus) and eukaryotes (organisms whose cells contain a

human eye: Geniculate neurons: In general, the lateral geniculate neuron is characterized by an accentuation of the centre-periphery arrangement, so that the two parts of the receptive field tend to cancel each other out completely when stimulated together, by contrast with the ganglion cell in which one or another would predominate. Thus,…

human eye: Geniculate neurons: In general, the lateral geniculate neuron is characterized by an accentuation of the centre-periphery arrangement, so that the two parts of the receptive field tend to cancel each other out completely when stimulated together, by contrast with the ganglion cell in which one or another would predominate. Thus,…

human nervous system: The spinal cord: …of sensory neurons, (2) the lateral horns, well defined in thoracic segments and composed of visceral neurons, and (3) the ventral horns, composed of motor neurons. The white matter forming the ascending and descending spinal tracts is grouped in three paired funiculi, or sectors: the dorsal or posterior funiculi, lying…

muscle: Tetrapod musculature: …with the third group, the lateral hypaxial muscles. The third group consists of three major layers of muscle whose fibres are oriented in differing directions, a feature that gives additional strength to the body wall. Superficially lies the external oblique muscle, with fibres running longitudinally but somewhat ventrally; deep to…