Armand-Louis de Gontaut, duke de Biron was a military commander with the French forces in the American Revolution, and one of the peers of France who supported the French Revolution, only to be sacrificed to the guillotine during the Reign of Terror. In his youth, as Duke de Lauzun, he dissipated

Paris: Île Saint-Louis: Another, the Hôtel de Lauzun, a few yards upstream on the Quai d’Anjou, was completed in 1657. The Marie Bridge to the Right Bank, which was completed as part of the contract, is the original span, although it has been modified for modern traffic. The Île Saint-Louis…

armoured vehicle: Wheeled armoured vehicles: Marine Corps fielded the LAV-25, a wheeled light armoured vehicle with all-terrain capabilities. The LAV-25 weighs 12.8 tons, has a three-man crew, can carry six infantrymen, and is armed with a turret-mounted 25-mm chain gun and two 7.62-mm machine guns.

lava, magma (molten rock) emerging as a liquid onto Earth’s surface. The term lava is also used for the solidified rock formed by the cooling of a molten lava flow. The temperatures of molten lava range from about 700 to 1,200 °C (1,300 to 2,200 °F). The material can be very fluid, flowing almost

Sthanakavasi: …in the 17th century by Lava of Surat, a member of an earlier non-image-worshipping sect called the Lumpaka, or Lonka Gaccha. Both groups based their belief on the argument that the Jain canon makes no mention of idol worship. The Sthanakavasis themselves gave rise to another group, the Terapanthi (“those…

Sita: …their two children, Kusha and Lava. After they reached maturity and were acknowledged by Rama to be his sons, she called upon her mother, Earth, to swallow her up.

Lava Beds National Monument, region of lava flows and related volcanic formations in far northern California, U.S., located on the Medicine Lake volcano, south of the city of Tulelake. The monument, established in 1925, has an area of 73 square miles (189 square km). Tule Lake National Wildlife

lava cave, cave or cavity formed as a result of surface solidification of a lava flow during the last stages of its activity. A frozen crust may form over still mobile and actively flowing liquid rock as a result of surface cooling. A dwindling supply of lava may then cause the molten material to

volcanic dome, any steep-sided mound that is formed when lava reaching the Earth’s surface is so viscous that it cannot flow away readily and accumulates around the vent. Sometimes domes are produced by repeated outpourings of short flows from a summit vent, and, occasionally, extremely viscous

volcano: Lava flows: The root zone of volcanoes is found some 70 to 200 km (40 to 120 miles) below the surface of Earth. There, in Earth’s upper mantle, temperatures are high enough to melt rock and form magma. At these depths, magma is generally less…

volcano: Mauna Loa, Hawaii, 1984: Lava fountains along the fissure formed a curtain of fire that illuminated the clouds and volcanic fumes into a red glow backlighting the black profile of the volcano’s huge but gently sloping summit. Lava from the summit fissure ponded in the caldera, and the first…

Aldemir Bendine: …wide-ranging federal investigation (known as Lava Jato [“Car Wash”]) alleged that Petrobras executives and dozens of Brazilian politicians—most of them members of the ruling Workers’ Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores; PT) and its allies—had received millions of dollars in bribes and kickback payments for contracts with Petrobras, principally from large construction…

plateau: Formative processes: …plateau can form where extensive lava flows (called flood basalts or traps) and volcanic ash bury preexisting terrain, as exemplified by the Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States. The volcanism involved in such situations is commonly associated with hot spots. The lavas and ash are generally carried long

cave: Lava tubes: These are the longest and most complicated of volcanic caves. They are the channels of rivers of lava that at some earlier time flowed downslope from a volcanic vent or fissure. Lava tubes develop best in highly fluid lava, notably a basaltic type…

lava cave, cave or cavity formed as a result of surface solidification of a lava flow during the last stages of its activity. A frozen crust may form over still mobile and actively flowing liquid rock as a result of surface cooling. A dwindling supply of lava may then cause the molten material to

Jāmī: …his mystical treatise Lava’iḥ (Flashes of Light), a clear and precise exposition of the Ṣūfī doctrines of waḥdat al-wujūd (the existential unity of Being), together with a commentary on the experiences of other famous mystics.

pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: …out of the lungs (lavage). One lung at a time is rinsed with a saltwater solution introduced through the windpipe. The fluids drawn back out of the lungs have been found to have a high content of fat. Sometimes the lesions totally clear up after one procedure, but subsequent…

Donegal: …Stack, whose highest peak is Lavagh More (2,218 feet [676 metres]), and Derryveagh, which reaches 2,467 feet (752 metres) at Errigal. Evidence of extensive glaciation exists. The climate is temperate, with warm summers and mild, moist winters.

Laval, town, capital of Mayenne département, Pays de la Loire région, northwestern France, east of Rennes. The old quarters of the town, which have fine 16th- and 18th-century houses and two châteaus, are located on the west bank slopes of the Mayenne River and are surrounded by the modern town on

Laval, city, seat of Laval region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It occupies the whole of Île Jésus (Jesus Island), just north of Île de Montréal from which it is separated to the south by the Rivière des Prairies and from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles; both rivers are

Laval University, a French-language university located on the outskirts of the city of Quebec. Laval’s predecessor institution, the Seminary of Quebec, considered the first Canadian institution of higher learning, was founded by François de Montmorency Laval, first Roman Catholic bishop of Quebec,

Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval was a Swedish scientist, engineer, and inventor who pioneered in the development of high-speed turbines. After 1872 he was an engineer with the Klosters-Bruck Steel Works. In 1878 he invented the centrifugal cream separator, and later he applied the principle of rotation

François de Montmorency Laval was the first Roman Catholic bishop in Canada, who laid the foundations of church organization in France’s North American possessions. Born into one of the greatest families of France, Laval was ordained priest in 1647. After taking a degree in canon law at the

Pierre Laval was a French politician and statesman who led the Vichy government in policies of collaboration with Germany during World War II, for which he was ultimately executed as a traitor to France. A member of the Socialist Party from 1903, Laval became a lawyer in Paris in 1909 and promptly

20th-century international relations: European responses to Nazism: The Laval–Mussolini agreements of January 7, 1935, declared France’s disinterest in the fate of Abyssinia in implicit exchange for Italian support of Austria. Mussolini took this to mean that he had French support for his plan to conquer that independent African country. Just six days later…

Jean-Bertrand Aristide: …a new political party, the Lavalas Family, and in 2000 he was again elected president. Although the opposition boycotted the election and charges of electoral fraud led to international calls for new or runoff elections, the results were declared official, and Aristide was inaugurated in February 2001.

Sophie Gay was a French writer and grande dame who wrote romantic novels and plays about upper-class French society during the early 19th century. Gay was the daughter of a bursar to the comte de Provence (later King Louis XVIII). Her first published writings, in 1802, yielded a novel, Laure

lavaliere, ornament hung from a chain worn around the neck. The lavaliere, which came into fashion in the 17th century, was usually a small, jewelled gold locket, though it could also be an enamelled locket or pendant. The lavaliere was named for the Duchesse de La Vallière, the mistress of Louis

hawthorn: Common species: The Lavalle hawthorn (C. ×lavallei) is a compact vase-shaped tree with dense glossy foliage.

Juan Manuel de Rosas: …Rosas opposed the new governor, Juan Lavalle. Rosas reconvened the former legislature, which elected him governor on Dec. 5, 1829. As head of the Federalist Party, Rosas was opposed by Lavalle’s unitarios (centralists). Although it appeared that he could remain in office after his three-year term, he decided to leave…

O Canada: The music, written by Calixa Lavallée (1842–91), a concert pianist and native of Verchères, Quebec, was commissioned in 1880 on the occasion of a visit to Quebec by John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, marquess of Lorne (later 9th duke of Argyll), then governor-general of Canada, and his wife, Queen Victoria’s…

Uruguay: The struggle for national identity: …government was compelled to support Juan Antonio Lavalleja, one of Artigas’s exiled officers, and his “33 orientales” when they crossed the river to free their homeland in 1825. The ensuing war was a stalemate, but British diplomats mediated a settlement in 1827, and in 1828 a treaty was ratified creating…

Canadian literature: The Quiet Revolution of French Canadian minorities: …success with his musical comedy Lavalléville (1975). Continuing the theatrical tradition into the 1980s and 1990s, both Jean Marc Dalpé (Le Chien [1987; “The Dog”]) and Michel Ouellette (French Town [1994]) won Canada’s Governor General’s Award for drama in French. Poet Patrice Desbiens explored the alienation of the Francophone minority…

Tammy Faye Messner was an American televangelist and singer best remembered as the diminutive wife of Jim Bakker and as his cohost on the television talk show The PTL Club (also called The Jim and Tammy Show). Tamara Faye LaValley grew up poor in a strict religious household. Her parents divorced

lavender, (genus Lavandula), genus of about 30 species of plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to countries bordering the Mediterranean. Lavender species are common in herb gardens for their fragrant leaves and attractive flowers. The plants are widely cultivated for their essential oils,

Lamiaceae: Major genera and species: Also Mediterranean is lavender (Lavandula officinalis), with fragrant blue to lavender flowers in leafless spikes. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) was once used as a curative herb.

Lamiaceae: Major genera and species: Also Mediterranean is lavender (Lavandula officinalis), with fragrant blue to lavender flowers in leafless spikes. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) was once used as a curative herb.

lavender: English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), French lavender (L. stoechas), and woolly lavender (L. lanata) are among the most widely cultivated species.

Johann Kaspar Lavater was a Swiss writer, Protestant pastor, and founder of physiognomics, an antirational, religious, and literary movement. Lavater served as pastor of St. Peter’s Church in Zürich. In 1799 he was deported to Basel for a time because of his protest against the violence of the

tree mallow, (Lavatera arborea), biennial, herbaceous plant, of the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae), native to Europe. It grows 1.2–3 metres (4–10 feet) tall and bears downy, lobed leaves 10–25 cm (4–10 inches) long. Purplish-red flowers about 5 cm (2 inches) wide are borne in profuse,

la volta, 16th-century leaping and turning dance for couples, originating in Italy and popular at French and German court balls until about 1750. Performed with a notoriously intimate embrace, it became respectable, but never completely dignified, after Queen Elizabeth I of England danced it with

construction: Improvements in building services: …Bramah invented the metal valve-type water closet as early as 1778, and other early lavatories, sinks, and bathtubs were of metal also; lead, copper, and zinc were all tried. The metal fixtures proved difficult to clean, however, and in England during the 1870s Thomas Twyford developed the first large one-piece…

Marie Laveau was the Vodou queen of New Orleans. Laveau’s powers reportedly included healing the sick, extending altruistic gifts to the poor, and overseeing spiritual rites. There is some confusion regarding Laveau’s year of birth. Some documents indicate that she was born in 1794, while other

Toussaint Louverture: Rise to power: …decisive: the governor of Saint-Domingue, Étienne Laveaux, made Toussaint lieutenant governor; the British suffered severe reverses; and the Spaniards were expelled.

Marie Laveau was the Vodou queen of New Orleans. Laveau’s powers reportedly included healing the sick, extending altruistic gifts to the poor, and overseeing spiritual rites. There is some confusion regarding Laveau’s year of birth. Some documents indicate that she was born in 1794, while other

Louis Lavelle was a French philosopher recognized as a forerunner of the psychometaphysic movement, which teaches that self-actualization and ultimate freedom develop from seeking one’s “inward” being and relating it to the Absolute. Much of his thought drew upon the writings of Nicolas Malebranche

lavender, (genus Lavandula), genus of about 30 species of plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to countries bordering the Mediterranean. Lavender species are common in herb gardens for their fragrant leaves and attractive flowers. The plants are widely cultivated for their essential oils,

lavender: Essential oil: Lavender oil, or lavender flower oil, is obtained by distillation of the flowers and is used chiefly in fine perfumes and cosmetics. It is a colourless or yellow liquid, the fragrant constituents of which are linalyl acetate, linalool, pinene, limonene, geraniol, and cineole. Lavender water,…

The Lavender Hill Mob, British comedy film, released in 1951, highlighted by a much-praised performance by Alec Guinness. Henry Holland (played by Guinness) is a meek British bank clerk from Lavender Hill, a street in South London, who has masterminded a meticulous plan to steal gold bullion from

lavender: Essential oil: Lavender oil, or lavender flower oil, is obtained by distillation of the flowers and is used chiefly in fine perfumes and cosmetics. It is a colourless or yellow liquid, the fragrant constituents of which are linalyl acetate, linalool, pinene, limonene, geraniol, and cineole. Lavender water,…

Lavender Scare, moral panic in the United States in the mid-20th century over the supposed security threat posed by gay and lesbian federal employees. The term was popularized by American historian David K. Johnson, who published the book The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and

lavender: Essential oil: Lavender water, a solution of the essential oil in alcohol with other added scents, is used in a variety of toilette preparations.

George Borrow: …memorable passages in his masterpiece, Lavengro (1851). Between 1815 and 1818 he attended grammar school at Norwich, and it was here that he began to acquire a smattering of many languages. An attempt to apprentice him to the law proved unsuccessful, and early in 1824 he decided to try his…

laver, (genus Porphyra), genus of 60–70 species of marine red algae (family Bangiaceae). Laver grows near the high-water mark of the intertidal zone in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It grows best in cold nitrogen-rich water. Laver is harvested, dried, and used as food in greater

Rod Laver is an Australian tennis player, the second male player in the history of the game (after Don Budge in 1938) to win the four major singles championships—Australian, French, British (Wimbledon), and U.S.—in one year (1962) and the first to repeat this Grand Slam (1969). Laver is considered

Rod Laver is an Australian tennis player, the second male player in the history of the game (after Don Budge in 1938) to win the four major singles championships—Australian, French, British (Wimbledon), and U.S.—in one year (1962) and the first to repeat this Grand Slam (1969). Laver is considered

Marseille: Industry: …building of an outport at Lavéra capable of receiving large oil tankers. This trend was accelerated from the late 1960s with the opening of the Fos port-industrial complex and with the addition of more petrochemical plants as well as steelworks. The majority of these installations use raw materials that enter…

English setter, breed of sporting dog that has served as a gun dog in England for more than 400 years and has been bred in its present form since about 1825. It is sometimes called the Llewellin setter or the Laverack setter for the developers of two strains of the breed. Like the other setters, it

Alphonse Laveran was a French physician, pathologist, and parasitologist who discovered the parasite that causes human malaria. For this and later work on protozoal diseases he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1907. Educated at the Strasbourg faculty of medicine, he served as

Alphonse Laveran was a French physician, pathologist, and parasitologist who discovered the parasite that causes human malaria. For this and later work on protozoal diseases he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1907. Educated at the Strasbourg faculty of medicine, he served as

American Broadcasting Company: Focus on television: (Happy Days [1974–84], Laverne and Shirley [1976–83], and Three’s Company [1977–84]) and sexually charged dramatic series (Charlie’s Angels [1976–81], The Love Boat [1977– 86], and Fantasy Island [1978–84]), Silverman rapidly elevated ABC to the coveted number one slot. Perhaps to counteract criticism of its lowbrow entertainment

Anton LaVey was an American author and counterculture figure who founded the Church of Satan. Many details of LaVey’s early life are disputed or unknown. Soon after he was born, his family moved to the San Francisco Bay area. According to some accounts, he left high school to join a circus. He

Anton LaVey was an American author and counterculture figure who founded the Church of Satan. Many details of LaVey’s early life are disputed or unknown. Soon after he was born, his family moved to the San Francisco Bay area. According to some accounts, he left high school to join a circus. He

bat: Activity patterns: …flying fox (Pteropus samoensis), the yellow-winged bat (Lavia frons), and the greater sac-winged bat Saccopteryx bilineata, may forage actively during the day, but little is yet known of their special adaptations.

Charles Lavigerie was a cardinal and archbishop of Algiers and Carthage (now Tunis, Tunisia) whose dream to convert Africa to Christianity prompted him to found the Society of Missionaries of Africa, popularly known as the White Fathers. He was ordained a priest in 1849 after studies at

Charles Lavigerie was a cardinal and archbishop of Algiers and Carthage (now Tunis, Tunisia) whose dream to convert Africa to Christianity prompted him to found the Society of Missionaries of Africa, popularly known as the White Fathers. He was ordained a priest in 1849 after studies at

Avril Lavigne is a Canadian singer and songwriter who achieved great success as a teenager. She is known for a grungy pop-rock sound. Lavigne grew up in Napanee, Ontario. Her natural singing ability was evident by age two, and she began singing at church and at local events. Christian tunes and

cryptology: Early cryptographic systems and applications: …a compilation of ciphers by Gabriele de Lavinde of Parma, who served Pope Clement VII. This manual, now in the Vatican archives, contains a set of keys for 24 correspondents and embraces symbols for letters, nulls, and several two-character code equivalents for words and names. The first brief code vocabularies,…

Titus Andronicus: …supposed to marry Titus’s daughter Lavinia; however, when his brother Bassianus runs away with her instead, Saturninus marries Tamora. Saturninus and Tamora then plot revenge against Titus. Lavinia is raped and mutilated by Tamora’s sadistic sons Demetrius and Chiron, who cut off her hands and cut out her tongue so…

Turnus: …is the favourite suitor of Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus, eponymous king of the Latins. When Latinus engages Lavinia to marry Aeneas instead, the goddess Juno, who hates the Trojans, drives Turnus mad. He leads his people in a war against Aeneas and the Trojans. After many acts of courage…

Lavinium, an ancient town of Latium (modern Pratica di Mare, Italy), 19 miles (30 kilometers) south of Rome, regarded as the religious centre of the early Latin peoples. Roman tradition maintained that it had been founded by Aeneas and his followers from Troy and named after his wife, Lavinia. Here

Lop Buri, town, south-central Thailand, north of Bangkok. Lop Buri is a rice-collecting centre situated on the Lop Buri River and on the country’s main north-south highway and railway. Founded as Lavo in the 5th–7th century, it was incorporated into the Khmer empire of Angkor in the 10th or 11th

Willie Colón: …collaboration with Puerto Rican vocalist Hector Lavoe, a partnership that would endure through the mid-1970s and yield numerous hit songs, including “I Wish I Had a Watermelon” (1969) and “La murga” (c. 1970).

Antoine Lavoisier was a prominent French chemist and leading figure in the 18th-century chemical revolution who developed an experimentally based theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen and coauthored the modern system for naming chemical substances. Having also served as a leading financier

Antoine Lavoisier was a prominent French chemist and leading figure in the 18th-century chemical revolution who developed an experimentally based theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen and coauthored the modern system for naming chemical substances. Having also served as a leading financier

la volta, 16th-century leaping and turning dance for couples, originating in Italy and popular at French and German court balls until about 1750. Performed with a notoriously intimate embrace, it became respectable, but never completely dignified, after Queen Elizabeth I of England danced it with

David Ben-Gurion: …implications of the 1954 “Lavon Affair,” involving Israeli-inspired sabotage of U.S. and British property in Egypt. The affair led Ben-Gurion in 1965 to leave Mapai with a number of his supporters and to found a small opposition party, Rafi, at the head of which he fought, with little success,…

Pinhas Lavon was an Israeli politician who held a number of government posts and was accused in 1954 of involvement in a plot to discredit Egypt by secretly attacking U.S. facilities in that country. Although he was cleared of all charges, the “Lavon Affair,” as it came to be known, effectively

Pinhas Lavon was an Israeli politician who held a number of government posts and was accused in 1954 of involvement in a plot to discredit Egypt by secretly attacking U.S. facilities in that country. Although he was cleared of all charges, the “Lavon Affair,” as it came to be known, effectively

Cesare Pavese: …lyric poetry, Lavorare stanca (1936; Hard Labor, 1976), followed his release from prison. An initial novella, Paesi tuoi (1941; The Harvesters, 1961), recalled, as many of his works do, the sacred places of childhood. Between 1943 and 1945 he lived with partisans of the anti-Fascist Resistance in the hills of…

Ignazio Silone: …the party’s paper in Trieste, Il Lavoratore (“The Worker”). He devoted all his time to foreign missions and underground organization for the party until the Fascists drove him into exile. In 1929–30 he was involved in internal debates over changes within the Communist Party, namely Stalin’s efforts to push the…

Italian Socialist Party, former Italian political party, one of the first Italian parties with a national scope and a modern democratic organization. It was founded in 1892 in Genoa as the Italian Workers’ Party (Partito dei Lavoratori Italiani) and formally adopted the name Italian Socialist Party

Eastern Orthodoxy: Origin of the Muscovite patriarchate: …the modern period, the famous Academy of Kiev. Modelled after the Latin seminaries of Poland, with instruction given in Latin, this school served as the theological training centre for almost the entire Russian high clergy in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1686 Ukraine was finally reunited with Muscovy, and…

history of Latin America: The sugar age: …depended on cane growers called lavradores to produce cane for the mill. Under various kinds of leasing arrangements, the lavradores used their own African slave crews to cultivate the land, grow the cane, and transport it to the mill. Some of the cane growers were from mill-owning families, while others…

Bulgaria: The arts of Bulgaria: …scenes of his native country; Tsanko Lavrenov, a noted graphic artist and art critic who also painted scenes of old Bulgarian towns; Zlatyo Boyadjiev, noted for his village portraits; and Ilya Petrov, who painted scenes and themes from Bulgarian history. After World War II, Socialist Realism dominated Bulgarian artistic circles.…

Laurium, industrial town, Attica (Modern Greek: Attikí) periféreia (region), on the Aegean Sea, famous in antiquity for its silver mines. Its port, sheltered by Makrónisos island, imports coal, loads ore, and handles coastal and insular shipping. The mines may have been worked as early as 1000 bce,

Pyotr Lavrov was a Russian Socialist philosopher whose sociological thought provided a theoretical foundation for the activities of various Russian revolutionary organizations during the second half of the 19th century. A member of a landed family, he graduated from an artillery school in St.

Leonid Lavrovsky was a Russian dancer, choreographer, teacher, and Bolshoi Ballet director. He studied ballet in St. Petersburg and soon was dancing leading roles with the Kirov Ballet (now called the Mariinsky Ballet), of which he became artistic director in 1938. During 1944–56 and 1960–64 he was

Leonid Lavrovsky was a Russian dancer, choreographer, teacher, and Bolshoi Ballet director. He studied ballet in St. Petersburg and soon was dancing leading roles with the Kirov Ballet (now called the Mariinsky Ballet), of which he became artistic director in 1938. During 1944–56 and 1960–64 he was

Torah, in Judaism, in the broadest sense, the substance of divine revelation to Israel, the Jewish people: God’s revealed teaching or guidance for humankind. The meaning of “Torah” is often restricted to signify the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), also called the Law (or the

bazooka: …abandoned bazookas in favour of light antitank weapons, or LAWs, such as the M72, a one-shot disposable weapon that weighed 5 pounds (2.3 kg) fully loaded yet could launch its rocket with reasonable accuracy out to 350 yards (320 metres).

philosophy of science: Difficulties: …the notion of a scientific law. Laws are generalizations about a range of natural phenomena, sometimes universal (“Any two bodies attract one another with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them”) and sometimes statistical (“The chance…

law, the discipline and profession concerned with the customs, practices, and rules of conduct of a community that are recognized as binding by the community. Enforcement of the body of rules is through a controlling authority. The law is treated in a number of articles. For a description of legal

Law & Order, longest-running law-enforcement series in American television. The show aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network from 1990 to 2010 and enjoyed strong ratings throughout its run. It won the 1997 Emmy Award for best drama series. The hour-long Law & Order was set in New

Vincent D’Onofrio: …central character, Detective Goren, in Law & Order: Criminal Intent.

Mariska Hargitay: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit: , Law & Order, and Law & Order: Organized Crime. From 2004 to 2011 Hargitay was nominated each year for an Emmy Award for best lead actress, winning the award in 2006.

Ellen Burstyn: …her guest appearance (2008) on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and for her supporting role (2012) in the miniseries Political Animals. In 2014 she played a crazed matriarch in a television adaptation of the melodramatic thriller Flowers in the Attic (1979), by V.C. Andrews, and two years later she…

Television in the United States: Prime time in the new century: …Order: Criminal Intent (NBC/USA, 2001–11), Law & Order: Trial by Jury (NBC, 2005–2006), and Law & Order: Los Angeles (NBC, 2010–11). The medical serial ER (NBC, 1994–2009) remained a hit, but it was eventually displaced in the top 10 by a new medical serial, Grey’s Anatomy (ABC, begun 2005). The…

Jamie Foxx: Dreamgirls and Django Unchained: …prodigy, and in the thriller Law Abiding Citizen. He subsequently gave supporting performances in the comedies Valentine’s Day (2010), Due Date (2010), and Horrible Bosses (2011). He lent his voice to a canary in the computer-animated children’s comedies Rio (2011) and Rio 2 (2014).

John Sturges: Bad, Magnificent, and Great: In his next project, The Law and Jake Wade (1958), an outlaw (Widmark) forces an old friend (Robert Taylor) to lead him to the money they stole during a bank heist.