• Lay of the Land, The (novel by Ford)

    Richard Ford: Completing the Bascombe trilogy is The Lay of the Land (2006), in which Bascombe, now a suburban real estate agent, faces aging, further marital problems, estrangement from his adult children, and cancer. Ford detailed Bascombe’s senescence in the novellas comprised in Let Me Be Frank with You (2014).

  • Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters, The (work by Kolodny)

    Annette Kolodny: …the ravaged American environment in The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters (1975) and The Land Before Her: Fantasy and Experience of the American Frontiers, 1630–1860 (1984); both became important to ecofeminism and literary-environmental studies. “Dancing Through the Minefield: Some Observations on…

  • Lay of the Last Minstrel, The (poem by Scott)

    The Lay of the Last Minstrel, long narrative poem in six cantos by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1805. It was the author’s first original poetic romance, and it established his reputation. Scott based The Lay of the Last Minstrel on the old Scottish Border legend of the goblin Gilpin Horner. The

  • Lay Preacher essays (work by Dennie)

    Joseph Dennie: …the series of graceful, moralizing “Lay Preacher” essays that established his literary reputation. He served as editor of the Farmer’s Weekly from 1796 to 1798.

  • Lay the Favorite (film by Frears [2012])

    Bruce Willis: …professional gambler in the comedy-drama Lay the Favorite. G.I. Joe: Retaliation, released the following year, provided another rugged action role for the prolific actor. In 2014 Willis reprised his Sin City role in the sequel Sin City: A Dame to Kill For. He played a mercenary in Barry Levinson’s musical…

  • Lay, Elzy (American outlaw)

    Elzy Lay was a western American outlaw, a member of the Wild Bunch (q.v.) and the favourite friend and ally of Butch Cassidy in train and bank robberies. Following a train robbery near Folsom, N.M., in which two sheriffs were killed, Elzy Lay was captured and on Oct. 10, 1899, sentenced to life

  • Lay, Horatio Nelson (British diplomat)

    Horatio Nelson Lay was a British diplomat who organized the Maritime Customs Bureau for the Chinese government in 1855. In 1854 the Taiping Rebellion had cut off the Chinese trading city of Shanghai from the capital, Beijing, and, because the Western powers in Shanghai were required by treaty to

  • Lay, William Ellsworth (American outlaw)

    Elzy Lay was a western American outlaw, a member of the Wild Bunch (q.v.) and the favourite friend and ally of Butch Cassidy in train and bank robberies. Following a train robbery near Folsom, N.M., in which two sheriffs were killed, Elzy Lay was captured and on Oct. 10, 1899, sentenced to life

  • Lay-Osborn flotilla (Chinese history)

    Lay-Osborn flotilla, fleet of ships bought for China in the mid-19th century by a British consular official, Horatio Nelson Lay, which created a tremendous controversy when Lay falsely assumed that the Chinese government would transmit all orders to the fleet through him. This controversy prompted

  • lay-over flight (air travel)

    airport: Passenger requirements: …of passengers who are either transiting the airport (i.e., continuing on the same flight) or transferring to another flight. At Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport in Georgia and at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, for example, two-thirds of all passengers transfer to other flights and do not visit the cities where the…

  • laya-yoga

    Hinduism: Nature of Tantric tradition: Some Tantrists employ laya-yoga (“reintegration by mergence”), in which the female nature-energy (representing the shakti), which is said to remain dormant and coiled in the form of a serpent (kundalini) representing the uncreated, is awakened and made to rise through the six centers (chakras) of the body, which…

  • layālī (music)

    Islamic arts: Musical forms: …improvised pieces, such as the layālī, in which the singer puts forth the characteristics of the maqām, vocalizing long expressive syllables. An equivalent instrumental improvisation is called taqsīm, and this in some cases may be accompanied by a uniform pulsation, called taqsīm ʿala al-wuḥdah. The category of metrical songs embraces…

  • Layamon (English poet)

    Lawamon was an early Middle English poet, author of the romance-chronicle the Brut (c. 1200), one of the most notable English poems of the 12th century. It is the first work in English to treat of the “matter of Britain”—i.e., the legends surrounding Arthur and the knights of the Round Table—and

  • Layard, Sir Austen Henry (British archaeologist)

    Sir Austen Henry Layard was an English archaeologist whose excavations greatly increased knowledge of the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia. In 1839 he left his position in a London law office and began an adventuresome journey on horseback through Anatolia and Syria. In 1842 the British

  • Layāri River (river, Pakistan)

    Karachi: City site: …of the city, and the Layāri River, also seasonal, runs through the most densely populated northern section. Some ridges and isolated hills occur in the north and east; Mango Pīr, the highest elevation, is 585 feet high.

  • layback spin (ice skating)

    figure skating: Spins: The layback spin, usually performed by women, requires an upright position; the skater arches her back and drops her head and shoulders toward the ice. The camel spin requires one leg to be extended parallel to the ice as the other leg controls the speed of…

  • Layden, Elmer (American football player)

    Four Horsemen: … and Jim Crowley (halfbacks), and Elmer Layden (fullback). Supported by the Seven Mules (the nickname given to the offensive line that cleared the way for the four backs) and coached by Knute Rockne, they gained enduring football fame when the nickname appeared in Rice’s report in the New York Herald…

  • Laye, Camara (Guinean author)

    Camara Laye was one of the first African writers from south of the Sahara to achieve an international reputation. Laye grew up in the ancient city of Kouroussa, where he attended local Qurʾānic and government schools before leaving for Conakry to study at the Poiret School, a technical college.

  • Layens, Mathieu de (Flemish architect)

    Leuven: …Gothic and was built by Mathieu de Layens, the master mason, from 1448 to 1463. The Church of St. Peter, which originally dated from the early 11th century, was twice destroyed before being rebuilt as a Gothic structure (1425–97), and it was again damaged in both world wars. The church…

  • layer cake (food)

    batter: …biscuits, muffins, scones, corn bread, layer cakes, and angel food cakes. Angel food and sponge cake batters, usually made without leavening ingredients, are leavened during baking by the expansion of the many small air bubbles that have been incorporated into the batter by vigorous mixing or beating. Pancakes too are…

  • Layer Cake (physics)

    Vitaly Ginzburg: Known as Sloika (“Layer Cake”), the design was refined by Ginzburg in 1949 through the substitution of lithium-6 deuteride for the liquid deuterium. When bombarded with neutrons, lithium-6 breeds tritium, which can fuse with deuterium to release more energy. Ginzburg and Sakharov’s design was tested on August…

  • layer cloud (meteorology)

    climate: Cloud types: …motions that produce them: (1) layer clouds formed by the widespread regular ascent of air, (2) layer clouds formed by widespread irregular stirring or turbulence, (3) cumuliform clouds formed by penetrative convection, and (4) orographic clouds formed by the ascent of air over hills and mountains.

  • layer silicate (mineral)

    phyllosilicate, compound with a structure in which silicate tetrahedrons (each consisting of a central silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron) are arranged in sheets. Examples are talc and mica. Three of the oxygen atoms of each tetrahedron are shared with

  • layer structure (mineralogy)

    clay mineral: Kaolin-serpentine group: …consists of tetrahedral and octahedral sheets in which the anions at the exposed surface of the octahedral sheet are hydroxyls (see Figure 4). The general structural formula may be expressed by Y2 - 3Z2O5(OH)4, where Y are cations in the octahedral sheet such as Al3+ and Fe3+ for dioctahedral species…

  • layer tinting (cartography)

    map: Symbolization: Hypsographic tinting is relatively easy, particularly since photomechanical etching and other steps can be used to provide negatives for the respective elevation layers. Difficulty in the reproduction process is sometimes a deterrent to the use of treatments involving the manipulation of contours.

  • layerage (horticulture)

    layering, Method of propagation in which plants are induced to regenerate missing parts from parts that are still attached to the parent plant. It occurs naturally for drooping black raspberry or forsythia stems, whose trailing tips root where they come in contact with the soil. They then send up

  • layered gabbroic complex (geology)

    gabbro: Banded, or layered, gabbroic complexes in which monomineral or bimineral varieties are well developed have been described from Montana, the Bushveld in South Africa, and the island of Skye. There are also gabbro complexes that are locally streaky and inhomogeneous and are not regularly layered,…

  • layering (horticulture)

    layering, Method of propagation in which plants are induced to regenerate missing parts from parts that are still attached to the parent plant. It occurs naturally for drooping black raspberry or forsythia stems, whose trailing tips root where they come in contact with the soil. They then send up

  • laying (rope making)

    rope: Manufacturing process.: The rope-laying operations require machines similar to strand-forming machinery. The strands, on bobbins, are pulled through a compression tube and twisted into rope by a revolving flyer. As twisted, the rope is wound onto a heavy steel bobbin, also turning with the flyer. The three subassemblies…

  • laying house (farm building)

    laying house, in animal husbandry, a building or enclosure for maintaining laying flocks of domestic fowl, usually chickens, containing nests, lighting, roosting space, waterers, and feed troughs. Feeders and waterers may be automatic. In the largest houses, feed storage, egg room, and utility

  • Laylā (Islamic literature)

    Islamic arts: Umayyad dynasty: …and was afterward known as Majnūn (the “Demented One”). His story is cherished by later Persian, Turkish, and Urdu poets; as a symbol of complete surrender to the force of love, he is dear both to religious mystics and to secular poets.

  • Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs (album by Derek and the Dominos)

    Eric Clapton: …making the classic double album Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs (1970), which is regarded as Clapton’s masterpiece and a landmark among rock recordings. Disappointed by Layla’s lacklustre sales and addicted to heroin, Clapton went into seclusion for two years. Overcoming his addiction, he made a successful comeback with the…

  • Laylat al-Qadr (Islam)

    Laylat al-Qadr, Islamic festival that commemorates the night on which God first revealed the Qurʾān to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibrīl). It is believed to have taken place on one of the final 10 nights of Ramadan in 610 ce, though the exact night is unclear. The date of the

  • Laylī wa Majnun (work by Neẓāmī)

    Persian literature: The proliferation of court patronage: For the masnawi Laylī wa Majnun (“Layla and Majnun”) Neẓāmī found his material in poems attributed to the 6th-century Arab poet Imruʾ al-Qays that are embedded in anecdotes about his love for a Bedouin girl belonging to another tribe. Neẓāmī made these separate tales into a continuous romance…

  • layman (religion)

    Buddhism: Popular religious practices: …takes place between monks and laypersons. Like the Buddha himself, the monks embody or represent the higher levels of spiritual achievement, which they make available in various ways to the laity. The laity improve their soteriological condition by giving the monks material gifts that function as sacrificial offerings. Although the…

  • Laymon, Kiese (American writer)

    12 Contemporary Black Authors You Must Read: Kiese Laymon: Mississippi-born Laymon has published essays, fiction, and memoir, most notably his raw, fiercely honest Carnegie Medal-winning book Heavy: An American Memoir. Heavy is written in the form of

  • Layne, Bobby (American football player)

    Detroit Lions: The championship years: …1950 season Detroit added quarterback Bobby Layne and running back Doak Walker—two future Hall of Famers—and the Lions became one of the better teams in the league by the following year. Detroit beat the Cleveland Browns in the NFL championship game in both 1952 and 1953, and the two teams…

  • layperson (religion)

    Buddhism: Popular religious practices: …takes place between monks and laypersons. Like the Buddha himself, the monks embody or represent the higher levels of spiritual achievement, which they make available in various ways to the laity. The laity improve their soteriological condition by giving the monks material gifts that function as sacrificial offerings. Although the…

  • Lays from Strathearn (work by Nairne)

    Carolina Nairne, Baroness Nairne: A collected edition, Lays from Strathearn (1846), appeared after her death.

  • Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers (work by Aytoun)

    William Edmondstoune Aytoun: Shortly afterward he published Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers (1849), a set of Jacobite ballads that achieved wide popularity. In 1854, reverting to light verse, he published Firmilian, or the Student of Badajoz, a Spasmodic Tragedy, in which the writings of the spasmodic school were brilliantly ridiculed.

  • Laysan albatross (bird)

    albatross: The laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis), with a wingspread to about 200 cm, has a white body and dark upper wing surfaces. Its distribution is about the same as the black-footed albatross.

  • Laysan duck (bird)

    mallard: Conversely, the Laysan teal (formerly A. platyrhynchos laysanensis), of which only a small population survives on Laysan Island west of Hawaii, is now classified as a separate species, although it was once classed as a mallard and looks very similar to a small mallard hen. Of the…

  • Laysan monk seal (mammal)

    monk seal: monachus) and the Hawaiian, or Laysan, monk seal (M. schauinslandi). The seals are threatened by human disturbance of their coastal habitats, disease, and continued hunting. By the 1990s there were only about 1,400 Hawaiian monk seals and 300 to 600 Mediterranean monk seals still alive.

  • Laysan teal (bird)

    mallard: Conversely, the Laysan teal (formerly A. platyrhynchos laysanensis), of which only a small population survives on Laysan Island west of Hawaii, is now classified as a separate species, although it was once classed as a mallard and looks very similar to a small mallard hen. Of the…

  • Laysiepen, Frank Uwe (German performance artist)

    Marina Abramović: …with Frank Uwe Laysiepen (byname Ulay), a like-minded German artist. Much of their work together was concerned with gender identity, most notoriously Imponderabilia (1977), in which they stood naked while facing each other in a museum’s narrow entrance, forcing visitors to squeeze between them and, in so doing, to choose…

  • Layton (Utah, United States)

    Layton, city, Davis county, northern Utah, U.S., between Great Salt Lake and the Wasatch Range. Settled (1850) by Mormon pioneers, it was named in 1885 for Christopher Layton, a soldier in the Mexican War (1846–47) who settled in Salt Lake valley and raised one of Utah’s first alfalfa crops. The

  • Layton, Christopher (American soldier)

    Layton: …was named in 1885 for Christopher Layton, a soldier in the Mexican War (1846–47) who settled in Salt Lake valley and raised one of Utah’s first alfalfa crops. The city was once a shipping and processing centre for surrounding irrigated farmlands producing vegetables and sugar beets, but it now is…

  • Layton, Irving (Canadian poet)

    Irving Layton was a Romanian-born poet, who treated the Jewish Canadian experience with rebellious vigour. Layton’s family immigrated to Canada in 1913. He attended Macdonald College (B.Sc., 1939) and McGill University (M.A., 1946). After serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II,

  • Layton, Jack (Canadian politician)

    Jack Layton was a Canadian politician who was leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2003 to 2011. Layton grew up in Hudson, Quebec, as the son and grandson of prominent Canadian politicians. His grandfather, Gilbert Layton, served as a cabinet minister under Quebec’s Union Nationale

  • Layton, John Gilbert (Canadian politician)

    Jack Layton was a Canadian politician who was leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2003 to 2011. Layton grew up in Hudson, Quebec, as the son and grandson of prominent Canadian politicians. His grandfather, Gilbert Layton, served as a cabinet minister under Quebec’s Union Nationale

  • Layton, Larry (American criminal)

    Jonestown: Only one man, Temple member Larry Layton, was tried in the United States for his involvement in the November 18 events. He was found guilty of conspiracy and aiding and abetting in the murder of Ryan and the attempted murder of U.S. embassy official Richard Dwyer and was sentenced to…

  • Layton, Sir Walter (British editor)

    The Economist: …socially and politically prominent editor Sir Walter Layton (1922–38) was influential in establishing the publication as an authority. By 1938 half The Economist’s sales were overseas. Layton’s successor, Geoffrey Crowther (1938–56), thus continued to expand its foreign affairs and business coverage. The magazine’s in-depth coverage of the Pearl Harbor attack…

  • layup (sports)

    basketball: Rules: …main field shots is the layup, in which the shooter, while close to the basket, jumps and lays the ball against the backboard so it will rebound into the basket or just lays it over the rim. Away from the basket, players use a one-hand push shot from a stride,…

  • Laz (people)

    Caucasian peoples: …the closely related Mingrelians and Laz, and the Svan, make up the Republic of Georgia and live in western Transcaucasia (the Laz live in Turkish territory). Among the many peoples that make up the two smaller northern groups, the Chechens, who constitute the majority of the population of Chechnya republic…

  • Laz language

    Laz language, unwritten language spoken along the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia and in the adjacent areas of Turkey. Some scholars believe Laz and the closely related Mingrelian language to be dialects of the Svan language rather than independent languages. Both Laz and Mingrelian have made a

  • Lazar Hrebeljanović (Serbian prince)

    Battle of Kosovo: …armies of the Serbian prince Lazar Hrebeljanović and the Turkish forces of the Ottoman sultan Murad I (reigned 1360–89). The battle left both leaders dead and ended in a Turkish victory, the collapse of Serbia, and the complete encirclement of the crumbling Byzantine Empire by Turkish armies.

  • lazaretto (medicine)

    quarantine: Early practices: …Venice set up its first lazaretto, or quarantine station, on an island near the city. The Venetian system became the model for other European countries and the basis for widespread quarantine control for several centuries.

  • Lazaretto (album by White)

    Jack White: The follow-up, Lazaretto (2014), garnered mostly glowing reviews. His devotion to vinyl recordings was especially evident on the latter album—an ambitious mix of familiar and unexpected musical approaches—which incorporated a raft of technical innovations for turntable users. The eclectic Boarding House Reach (2018) featured a variety of…

  • Lazarev, Pyotr Petrovich (Soviet physicist and biophysicist)

    Pyotr Petrovich Lazarev was a Soviet physicist and biophysicist known for his physicochemical theory of the movement of ions and the consequent theory of excitation in living matter, which attempts to explain sensation, muscular contraction, and the functions of the central nervous system. Educated

  • lazarillo de ciegos caminantes, El (work by Carrió de Lavandera)

    Alonso Carrió de Lavandera: …ciegos caminantes (1775; El Lazarillo: A Guide for Inexperienced Travellers Between Buenos Aires and Lima) was originally attributed to Don Calixto Bustamente, Carrió’s Indian guide and traveling companion. Investigation revealed that Carrió had used a pseudonym to avoid punishment for having been critical of the Spanish regime. Critics have praised…

  • Lazarillo de Tormes (Spanish novel)

    Spain: Spain’s Golden Age in literature: Thus, the hidalgo in the Lazarillo de Tormes (published 1554; doubtfully attributed to Diego Hurtado de Mendoza), the first of the picaresque novels, is down and out but would rather starve than work, and he expects his servant, the boy Lazarillo, to scrounge for them both. In Don Quixote (published…

  • Lazarillo de Tormes (fictional character)

    Lazarillo de Tormes, fictional character, the shrewd and ironic protagonist of La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus furtunas y adversidades (1554; The Life of Lazarillo of Tormes and other translations), by an unknown author. The work is considered the original picaresque

  • Lazarillo: A Guide for Inexperienced Travellers Between Buenos Aires and Lima (work by Carrió de Lavandera)

    Alonso Carrió de Lavandera: …ciegos caminantes (1775; El Lazarillo: A Guide for Inexperienced Travellers Between Buenos Aires and Lima) was originally attributed to Don Calixto Bustamente, Carrió’s Indian guide and traveling companion. Investigation revealed that Carrió had used a pseudonym to avoid punishment for having been critical of the Spanish regime. Critics have praised…

  • Lazarists (Roman Catholic society)

    Vincentian, member of a Roman Catholic society of priests and brothers founded at Paris in 1625 by St. Vincent de Paul for the purpose of preaching missions to the poor country people and training young men in seminaries for the priesthood. To its original work the congregation has added extensive

  • Lázaro (fictional character)

    Lazarillo de Tormes, fictional character, the shrewd and ironic protagonist of La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus furtunas y adversidades (1554; The Life of Lazarillo of Tormes and other translations), by an unknown author. The work is considered the original picaresque

  • Lazaro Cárdenas Dam (dam, Mexico)

    Nazas River: …of the Laguna District, the Lázaro Cárdenas and Francisco Zarco dams were built across the Nazas in Durango, controlling the river and significantly reducing its flow. Several large cities, including Lerdo, Gómez Palacio, and Torreón, lie on the river’s banks.

  • Lazarovitch, Irving Peter (Canadian poet)

    Irving Layton was a Romanian-born poet, who treated the Jewish Canadian experience with rebellious vigour. Layton’s family immigrated to Canada in 1913. He attended Macdonald College (B.Sc., 1939) and McGill University (M.A., 1946). After serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II,

  • Lazarsfeld, Paul Felix (American sociologist)

    Paul Felix Lazarsfeld was an Austrian-born American sociologist whose studies of the mass media’s influence on society became classics in his field. Lazarsfeld was educated at the University of Vienna and took his Ph.D. there (1925) in applied mathematics. His interest having turned to applied

  • Lazarus (musical play by Bowie and Walsh)

    David Bowie: …he also cowrote the musical Lazarus (premiered 2015), which was inspired by The Man Who Fell to Earth, and he was the subject of a blockbuster art exhibition, David Bowie Is (opened 2013).

  • Lazarus (biblical figure)

    Lazarus, (“God Has Helped”), either of two figures mentioned in the New Testament. The miraculous story of Lazarus being brought back to life by Jesus is known from the Gospel According to John (11:1–45). Lazarus of Bethany was the brother of Martha and Mary and lived at Bethany, near Jerusalem.

  • Lazarus (New Testament parable figure)

    Lazarus: Lazarus is also the name given by the Gospel According to Luke (16:19–31) to the beggar in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. It is the only proper name attached to a character in the parables of Jesus.

  • Lazarus (work by Chong)

    Ping Chong: …first independent stage performance, titled Lazarus, a multimedia play that deals with cultural alienation when it places Lazarus, the biblical figure who was raised from the dead, in 1970s New York City. Chong formed his own company, initially called the Fiji Theatre Company (now Ping Chong & Company), in 1975.…

  • Lazarus Effect, The (film by Gelb [2015])

    Donald Glover: Acting, writing, and producing career: …in the sci-fi horror film The Lazarus Effect, played a singer in the stripper comedy Magic Mike XXL, and memorably portrayed an astrodynamics scientist in Ridley Scott’s The Martian (all 2015).

  • Lazarus Laughed (play by O’Neill)

    Irving Pichel: Acting: …first production of Eugene O’Neill’s Lazarus Laughed, and Pichel earned acclaim for his performance in the title role. Two years later he signed with Paramount as an actor, and he worked steadily throughout the 1930s, appearing in nearly 60 movies. His credits included An American Tragedy (1931), Madame Butterfly (1932),…

  • Lazarus of Bethany (biblical figure)

    Lazarus, (“God Has Helped”), either of two figures mentioned in the New Testament. The miraculous story of Lazarus being brought back to life by Jesus is known from the Gospel According to John (11:1–45). Lazarus of Bethany was the brother of Martha and Mary and lived at Bethany, near Jerusalem.

  • Lazarus Project, The (novel by Hemon)

    Aleksandar Hemon: The Lazarus Project (2008) intertwined two stories of eastern European immigrants to Chicago. Vladimir Brik, a Bosnian immigrant writer and the novel’s narrator, becomes obsessed with a murder case from nearly a century earlier in which Lazarus Averbuch, a young Russian Jew, was shot and…

  • Lazarus, Emma (American poet)

    Emma Lazarus was an American poet and essayist best known for her sonnet “The New Colossus,” written to the Statue of Liberty. Born into a cultured family of Sephardic (Spanish Jewish) stock, Lazarus learned languages and the classics at an early age. She early displayed a talent for poetry, and

  • Lazarus, Fred, Jr. (American merchant)

    Fred Lazarus, Jr. was an American merchandiser who parlayed his family’s small but successful department store into a $1.3 billion holding company known as Federated Department Stores. At age 10 Lazarus began selling in his family’s department store, F. & R. Lazarus, in Columbus, Ohio. At 18 he

  • Lazarus, Herman (American jurist)

    Newhouse family: …as a clerk for Judge Herman Lazarus in Bayonne, N.J., when Lazarus took over a failing newspaper, the Bayonne Times. Lazarus asked Newhouse, then 17, to take care of the paper. Newhouse cut costs while working for more advertising and wider circulation, and within one year the newspaper was making…

  • Lazarus, Moritz (Jewish philosopher and psychologist)

    Moritz Lazarus was a Jewish philosopher and psychologist, a leading opponent of antisemitism in his time and a founder of comparative psychology. The son of a rabbinical scholar, Lazarus studied Hebrew literature and history, law, and philosophy at Berlin. He served as professor at Bern (1860–66),

  • Lazcano, Heriberto (Mexican drug lord)

    Los Zetas: …was captured the following year, Heriberto Lazcano (also known as El Lazco or Z3) took over the leadership of the group.

  • laze rod (weaving)

    textile: Two-bar: Lease (or laze) rods are used to separate the warp yarns, forming a shed and aiding the hands in keeping the yarns separated and in order. Lease rods were found in some form on every later type of improved loom, and their use at this…

  • Lazear, Jesse William (American physician)

    Jesse William Lazear was an American physician and member of the commission that proved that the infectious agent of yellow fever is transmitted by a mosquito, later known as Aëdes aegypti. Lazear received his medical degree (1892) from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University.

  • Lazenby, George (Australian actor)

    On Her Majesty’s Secret Service: …movie opens with Bond (George Lazenby) in Portugal, where he is searching for Blofeld (Telly Savalas), head of the criminal organization SPECTRE. While there, Bond saves a young woman named Tracy (Diana Rigg) from committing suicide. That evening at a casino, she loses at baccarat, but Bond covers her…

  • Lazio (region, Italy)

    Lazio, regione, west-central Italy, fronting the Tyrrhenian Sea and comprising the provinces of Roma, Frosinone, Latina, Rieti, and Viterbo. In the east Lazio is dominated by the Reatini, Sabini, Simbruini, and Ernici ranges of the central Apennines, rising to 7,270 feet (2,216 metres) at Mount

  • Lazninski, Tomasz (Polish landowner)

    Zamoyski Family: Tomasz Lazninski bought an estate there called Zamość, and his sons Florian (died 1510) and Maciej began to use the name Zamoyski. Florian’s grandson Stanisław was the first member of the family to serve as a senator. The Zamoyskis’ rise to power dates from the…

  • lazulite (mineral)

    lazulite, phosphate mineral, a basic magnesium and aluminum phosphate [MgAl2 (PO4)2(OH)2], that often occurs as blue, glassy crystals, grains, or masses in granite pegmatites, aluminous metamorphic rocks and quartzites, and quartz veins. It is found in Werfen, Austria; Västarå, Sweden; Mocalno,

  • lazuri nena

    Laz language, unwritten language spoken along the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia and in the adjacent areas of Turkey. Some scholars believe Laz and the closely related Mingrelian language to be dialects of the Svan language rather than independent languages. Both Laz and Mingrelian have made a

  • lazurite (mineral)

    lazurite, blue variety of the mineral sodalite (q.v.) that is responsible for the colour of lapis

  • lazy eye (disorder)

    amblyopia: …forcing the use of the weaker eye, often by carefully covering the stronger eye with a patch. However, despite the availability of effective treatments, amblyopia remains a major cause of childhood-onset reduced vision. Vision screening is an essential means of identifying children at risk of developing amblyopia.

  • lazy man’s margarita (alcoholic beverage)

    paloma, an alcoholic drink traditionally made with tequila, grapefruit-flavored soda, and lime juice. It is sometimes made with fresh pink grapefruit juice in lieu of grapefruit soda, or a combination of fresh grapefruit juice and soda. The cocktail is considered by many to be the national drink of

  • Lazzarini, Gregorio (Italian painter)

    Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: Early life: His mother entrusted Giambattista to Gregorio Lazzarini, a painter of decorative, academic taste, who taught his young pupil the basic techniques of his profession. Tiepolo was drawn to a melancholic style with strong contrasts of light and shade, or chiaroscuro. Such strong shadings of light and dark, coupled with a…

  • Lazzaro, Sophia (Italian actress)

    Sophia Loren is an Italian film actress who rose above her poverty-stricken origins in postwar Naples to become universally recognized as one of Italy’s most beautiful women and its most famous movie star. Before working in the cinema, Sofia Scicolone changed her last name to Lazzaro for work in

  • lazzaroni (Neapolitan social class)

    Naples: Naples from the Angevins to the Risorgimento: …while the Neapolitan poor, the lazzaroni, abandoned by their sovereign, remained vigorously if incomprehensibly monarchist. The nobly conceived Parthenopean Republic collapsed in a welter of blood. A punitive return by the Bourbons and the execution or exile of the republicans make the year 1799 a tragic epoch in the Neapolitan…

  • Lazzeri, Tony (American baseball player)

    Grover Cleveland Alexander: …out future Hall of Famer Tony Lazzeri. He then pitched scoreless eighth and ninth innings to clinch the title for the Cardinals. Alexander spent three more seasons with the Cardinals and one with the Phillies before he was released in 1930. He then played for the House of David team…

  • lazzi (theater)

    lazzo, improvised comic dialogue or action in the commedia dell’arte. The word may have derived from lacci (Italian: “connecting link”), comic interludes performed by the character Arlecchino (Harlequin) between scenes, but is more likely a derivation of le azioni (“actions”). Lazzi were one of the

  • lazzo (theater)

    lazzo, improvised comic dialogue or action in the commedia dell’arte. The word may have derived from lacci (Italian: “connecting link”), comic interludes performed by the character Arlecchino (Harlequin) between scenes, but is more likely a derivation of le azioni (“actions”). Lazzi were one of the

  • lb (unit of weight)

    pound, unit of avoirdupois weight, equal to 16 ounces, 7,000 grains, or 0.45359237 kg, and of troy and apothecaries’ weight, equal to 12 ounces, 5,760 grains, or 0.3732417216 kg. The Roman ancestor of the modern pound, the libra, is the source of the abbreviation lb. In medieval England several

  • LBG (English bank)

    Lloyds Banking Group, one of the largest comprehensive commercial banks in the United Kingdom, with subsidiary banks in other countries. It is also a major insurance company. Lloyds Banking Group is headquartered in London. The bank was established as Taylor and Lloyd in 1765 and renamed Lloyds and

  • LBJ (film by Reiner [2016])

    Rob Reiner: Later films: …turned to political topics with LBJ (2016), a biopic about Lyndon B. Johnson’s rise to the U.S. presidency, and Shock and Awe (2017), about a group of reporters covering the impending invasion of Iraq in 2003. He also played the journalists’ boss in the latter film.