lee wave, vertical undulation of airstreams on the lee side of a mountain. (The lee side is the side that is downstream from the wind.) The first wave occurs above the mountain that causes it, with a series of waves of equal horizontal wavelength extending downstream. Numerous equally spaced lee

Lee Ufan is a Korean artist, critic, philosopher, and poet who was a prominent theorist and proponent of the Tokyo-based movement of young artists from the late 1960s through the early ’70s known as Mono-ha (Japanese: “School of Things”). Lee has built a body of artistic achievement across a wide

Louis Auchincloss was an American novelist, short-story writer, and critic, best known for his novels of manners set in the world of contemporary upper-class New York City. Auchincloss studied at Yale University from 1935 to 1939 and graduated from the University of Virginia Law School in 1941. He

Ang Lee is a Taiwan-born film director who transitioned from directing Chinese films to major English-language productions. In 2006 Lee became the first person of color to win an Academy Award for best director, for Brokeback Mountain (2005). He won a second Oscar for best director for the film

Ann Lee was a religious leader who brought the Shaker sect from England to the American Colonies. Lee was the unlettered daughter of a blacksmith who was probably named Lees. In her youth she went to work in a textile mill. At the age of 22 she joined a sect known as the Shaking Quakers, or

Arthur Lee was a diplomat who sought recognition and aid in Europe for the Continental Congress during the American Revolution. Lee gave up a medical practice for the study of law and then became interested in colonial politics. He wrote political tracts, among them a series of 10 essays called

Dr. No: …by his boss, M (Bernard Lee), to Jamaica after a fellow agent is murdered while looking into the activities of a mysterious man named Dr. No (Joseph Wiseman), who owns a bauxite mine off the island’s coast. After arriving in Kingston, Bond meets CIA agent Felix Leiter (Jack Lord),…

the Shirelles: June 10, 1941, Passaic), and Beverly Lee (b. August 3, 1941, Passaic).

Bruce Lee: His son, Brandon, followed Lee into acting, and he died after being shot with a misloaded prop gun while filming The Crow (1994).

rockabilly: …performers such as Wanda Jackson, Brenda Lee, and Janis Martin. Other places developed strong rockabilly communities, including Texas (where Buddy Knox, Sleepy LaBeef, Ronnie Dawson, and future country star George Jones were based) and California (home of Ricky Nelson, Eddie Cochran, and the Collins Kids). Still, of the thousands of…

Bruce Lee was an American-born film actor who was renowned for his martial arts prowess and who helped popularize martial arts movies in the 1970s. Lee was born in San Francisco, but he grew up in Hong Kong. He was introduced to the entertainment industry at an early age, as his father was an opera

American literature: Multicultural writing: …and frustration; the Korean American Chang-rae Lee, who focused on family life, political awakening, and generational differences in Native Speaker (1995) and A Gesture Life (1999); and Ha Jin, whose Waiting (1999; National Book Award), set in rural China during and after the Cultural Revolution, was a powerful tale of…

Ridgewood: …married (1782) and where General Charles Lee was court-martialed after his retreat at the Battle of Monmouth Court House (1778) during the American Revolution. In 1810 the community was called Newton, but its name was changed to Godwinville in 1829 to honour Abraham Godwin, a Revolutionary War hero. The coming…

Li Yuchun is a Chinese singer and actress who became one of the country’s top pop stars after winning a nationally televised talent contest in 2005. Li (who calls herself Chris Lee or Chris Li in English) was born and raised in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province in southern China. The daughter of

Christopher Lee was an English actor known for his film portrayals of villains ranging from Dracula to J.R.R. Tolkien’s wizard Saruman. Lee was born to an Italian contessa and a British army officer. After a stint at Wellington College (1936–39), he joined the Royal Air Force (1941–46), attaining

Philadelphia Phillies: Cliff Lee. The three teamed with Hamels to create a strong pitching staff that helped the Phillies win a team-record 102 games in 2011. However, Philadelphia was upset by the St. Louis Cardinals in the opening round of the playoffs.

Cynthia Macdonald was an American poet who employed a sardonic, often flippant tone and used grotesque imagery to comment on the mundane. Lee was educated at Bennington (Vermont) College (B.A., 1950); Mannes College of Music, New York City; and Lawrence College, Bronxville, New York (M.A., 1970).

David Lee is an American physicist who, with Robert C. Richardson and Douglas D. Osheroff, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1996 for their joint discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3. Lee received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in physics from

David Lee is an American physicist who, with Robert C. Richardson and Douglas D. Osheroff, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1996 for their joint discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3. Lee received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in physics from

Chicago Cubs: …manager Lou Piniella, first baseman Derrek Lee, third baseman Aramis Ramírez, outfielder Alfonso Soriano, catcher Geovany Soto (who won Rookie of the Year honours in 2008), and pitchers Ryan Dempster, Carlos Zambrano, and Ted Lilly, in 2007 and 2008 the Cubs won consecutive NL Central Division titles—the first time

Haki R. Madhubuti is an African American author, publisher, and teacher who was perhaps best known for his poetry. Don Luther Lee attended several colleges in Chicago and graduate school at the University of Iowa (M.F.A., 1984); he also served in the U.S. Army (1960–63). He taught at various

San Francisco: The late 20th and early 21st centuries: …Mayors Gavin Newsom (2004–11) and Ed Lee (2011–17), the city bounced back, especially with the second technology boom of the 2010s. This led to a population influx in the already crowded city, sparking a construction boom and a widespread increase in property values. However, it also exacerbated the long-standing homelessness…

windmill: In 1745 Edmund Lee in England invented the automatic fantail. This consists of a set of five to eight smaller vanes mounted on the tailpole or the ladder of a post mill at right angles to the sails and connected by gearing to wheels running on a…

Rush: Formation and early albums: …quickly replaced, however, by bassist Geddy Lee, who also became the group’s lead singer.

Arlington National Cemetery: …Civil War, Lee’s eldest son, George Washington Custis Lee, sued the federal government for confiscating the plantation. In 1882 the U.S. Supreme Court declared (5–4) that the federal government was a trespasser. Rather than disinter the more than 16,000 people buried at Arlington, however, the U.S. Congress purchased the land…

Gypsy Rose Lee was an American striptease artist, a witty and sophisticated entertainer who was one of the first burlesque artists to imbue a striptease with grace and style. Lee was born in January 1911 in Seattle, according to researchers who have identified her birth certificate. She celebrated

Harper Lee was an American writer nationally acclaimed for her novel To Kill a Mockingbird (1960). Harper Lee’s father was Amasa Coleman Lee, a lawyer who by all accounts resembled the hero of her novel in his sound citizenship and warmheartedness. The plot of To Kill a Mockingbird is based in part

Henry Lee was an American cavalry officer during the American Revolution. He was the father of Robert E. Lee and the author of the resolution passed by Congress upon the death of George Washington containing the celebrated apothegm “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his

Ivy Ledbetter Lee was an American pioneer of 20th-century public-relations methods, who persuaded various business clients to woo public opinion. A graduate of Princeton University, Lee worked as a newspaper reporter in New York City from 1899 to 1903, when he joined the staff of the Citizens’

Jennie Lee, baroness of Asheridge was a British politician, member of Parliament and of the Labour Party, known for promoting the arts as a serious government concern. Lee, the daughter of a coal miner who was active in the Independent Labour Party (ILP), graduated from the University of Edinburgh

Oregon Trail: Missionaries, Mormons, and others: Led by Jason Lee, its members joined a party headed by New England merchant Nathaniel Wyeth. They largely followed the Platte River. At the Snake River, Wyeth built a post, Fort Hall, in Idaho (near present-day Pocatello), which was later bought by the Hudson’s Bay Company; it…

Lee Kun-Hee: …retained his posts, his son, Lee Jae-Yong, became the de facto leader of the Samsung Group. In 2018 it was announced that the elder Lee was again being investigated for tax evasion.

Jennie Lee, baroness of Asheridge was a British politician, member of Parliament and of the Labour Party, known for promoting the arts as a serious government concern. Lee, the daughter of a coal miner who was active in the Independent Labour Party (ILP), graduated from the University of Edinburgh

love: Psychological theories of love: Created by the Canadian psychologist John Lee, the theory is based on an analogy with the set of primary and secondary colors and draws upon ancient Greek terms for various forms or aspects of love. The three “primary” styles of love in Lee’s model are Eros, or erotic love; Ludus,…

John Lee is a government official and former police officer in Hong Kong who in 2022 became the chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of China. Lee was born and raised in Hong Kong. Lee, an adherent of the Roman Catholic faith, graduated from Wah Yan College in

John Clifford Hodges Lee was a U.S. Army logistics officer who oversaw the buildup of American troops and supplies in Great Britain in preparation for the Normandy Invasion (1944) during World War II. He was an early and outspoken proponent of racial integration of the U.S. armed forces. During a

Mountain Meadows Massacre: …some Mormon settlers led by John Doyle Lee. The attackers, promising safe conduct, persuaded the emigrants to lay down their arms. Then, as the band of 137 proceeded southward toward Cedar City, they were ambushed, and all except the young children were massacred. Details of the atrocity leaked out, but…

Laurie Lee was an English poet and prose writer best known for Cider with Rosie (1959), a memoir of the author’s boyhood in the Cotswold countryside. Lee was educated in Stroud, where he was born, and nearby Slad, where he grew up. He eventually moved to London and traveled in Spain in the

Henry Lee was an American cavalry officer during the American Revolution. He was the father of Robert E. Lee and the author of the resolution passed by Congress upon the death of George Washington containing the celebrated apothegm “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his

Hong Kong literature: Some of the works of Li Bihua (English pen name: Lilian Lee) in the 1980s and 1990s can also be considered historical. The more renowned ones are Bawang bie ji (1985; Farewell My Concubine; film 1993), Qinyong (1989; “A Terra-cotta Warrior”), and Chuandao fangzi (1990; The Last Princess of Manchuria).

Henry Adams: The heroine, Madeleine Lee, like Adams himself, becomes an intimate of Washington’s political circles. As confidante of a Midwestern senator, Madeleine is introduced to the democratic process. She meets the President and other figures who are equally vacuous. After her contact with the power brokers, Madeleine concluded:…

One of the most famous names in mystery and crime fiction, Ellery Queen is the pseudonym of an American cousin duo who were coauthors of a series of more than 35 detective novels featuring a character named Ellery Queen. The coauthors were Before the two cousins took up writing, Dannay worked in

Catherine Helen Spence: Advocating for women’s right to vote and other social issues: …Australia, which was led by Mary Lee and Mary Colton, two key drivers of the women’s suffrage movement. The organization was instrumental to securing passage of the Constitutional Amendment (Adult Suffrage) Act in December 1894 in the South Australian Parliament; the law enabled all citizens of South Australia to vote,…

Mary Ann Lee was one of the first American ballet dancers. Her 10-year career included the first American performance of the classic ballet Giselle (Boston, 1846). Trained in Philadelphia by Paul Hazard of the Paris Opéra, Lee made her debut in 1837 with a fellow student, Augusta Maywood, in The

Arlington National Cemetery: …Lee married Custis’s only daughter, Mary Ann Randolph, who inherited the Arlington estate upon her father’s death in 1857. On April 22, 1861, at the onset of the American Civil War, Lee left Arlington to join the army of the Confederacy. The area was quickly occupied by federal troops, who…

Mike Lee is an American politician who was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2010 and began representing Utah in that body the following year. Lee was born into a Mormon family, and, while he was still an infant, they moved to Utah, where his father, Rex Lee, became the first dean of

Mike Lee is an American politician who was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2010 and began representing Utah in that body the following year. Lee was born into a Mormon family, and, while he was still an infant, they moved to Utah, where his father, Rex Lee, became the first dean of

For her writing, Korean American author and journalist Min Jin Lee has pretended to apply to Harvard Business School, taken a millinery class at the Fashion Institute of Technology, and played poker with Wall Street traders. Lee stores her research in Bankers Boxes, filled with the pieces of

Nathaniel Lee was an English playwright whose heroic plays were popular but marred by extravagance. The son of a Presbyterian minister, Lee was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. In London he tried to earn his living as an actor, but acute stage fright made this

Harper Lee was an American writer nationally acclaimed for her novel To Kill a Mockingbird (1960). Harper Lee’s father was Amasa Coleman Lee, a lawyer who by all accounts resembled the hero of her novel in his sound citizenship and warmheartedness. The plot of To Kill a Mockingbird is based in part

Opal Lee’s life has been defined by one date: June 19. Meet Opal Lee Lee became widely known in the 21st century as the “Grandmother of Juneteenth” for her role in having the date—when Union soldiers arrived in Texas in 1865 to tell the enslaved people of the state of that the Emancipation

Peggy Lee was an American popular singer and songwriter, known for her alluring, delicately husky voice and reserved style. The writer of more than 250 songs, she is regarded as the first important female singer-songwriter in the history of American popular music, noted for her brazen and sensuous

Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first Black woman to become a medical doctor in the United States and one of the first African Americans to write a medical book. She published A Book of Medical Discourses in 1883. At a time when most medical schools did not admit African Americans, and fewer than 300

Titanic: Final hours: Two lookouts, Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee, were stationed in the crow’s nest of the Titanic. Their task was made difficult by the fact that the ocean was unusually calm that night: because there would be little water breaking at its base, an iceberg would be more difficult to spot.…

Richard Henry Lee was an American statesman. Educated in England at Wakefield Academy, Lee returned to America in 1751 and served as a justice of the peace in Westmoreland county, Va. He also served in the Virginia House of Burgesses (1758–75). Lee opposed arbitrary British policies at the time of

River Lea, river rising north of Luton in the county of Bedfordshire, England. It flows for 46 miles (74 km) east and then south to enter the River Thames near Bromley-by-Bow, in the London borough of Tower Hamlets. In the 17th century an important aqueduct known as the New River was constructed in

Robert E. Lee was a U.S. Army officer (1829–61), Confederate general (1861–65), college president (1865–70), and central figure in contending memory traditions of the American Civil War. Robert Edward Lee was the son of Henry (“Light-horse Harry”) Lee and Ann Hill Carter Lee. His father had been a

Robert E. Lee was a U.S. Army officer (1829–61), Confederate general (1861–65), college president (1865–70), and central figure in contending memory traditions of the American Civil War. Robert Edward Lee was the son of Henry (“Light-horse Harry”) Lee and Ann Hill Carter Lee. His father had been a

Robert E. Lee was a U.S. Army officer (1829–61), Confederate general (1861–65), college president (1865–70), and central figure in contending memory traditions of the American Civil War. Robert Edward Lee was the son of Henry (“Light-horse Harry”) Lee and Ann Hill Carter Lee. His father had been a

Rowland V. Lee was an American film director of silent and sound pictures who worked in a variety of genres. Born to stage-veteran parents, Lee began performing at an early age. In 1917 he started acting in films, but, after serving in the military during World War I, he returned to Hollywood

Rowland V. Lee was an American film director of silent and sound pictures who worked in a variety of genres. Born to stage-veteran parents, Lee began performing at an early age. In 1917 he started acting in films, but, after serving in the military during World War I, he returned to Hollywood

Sammy Lee was an American diver, the first Asian American man to win an Olympic gold medal and the first diver to win consecutive Olympic gold medals in the platform event. While growing up, Lee, the son of Korean immigrants, faced racial prejudice and was permitted to use his community’s public

Spike Lee is an American filmmaker known for his uncompromising provocative approach to controversial subject matter. The son of the jazz composer Bill Lee, he was reared in a middle-class Brooklyn neighbourhood. He majored in communications at Atlanta’s Morehouse College, where he directed his

Twin Peaks: … queen, Laura Palmer (played by Sheryl Lee), in the small town of Twin Peaks, Washington, near the Canadian border and revolved around the ensuing murder investigation led by Dale Cooper (Kyle MacLachlan), an idiosyncratic FBI special agent sent to help solve the case. The investigation and the clues he received…

Christopher Lee was an English actor known for his film portrayals of villains ranging from Dracula to J.R.R. Tolkien’s wizard Saruman. Lee was born to an Italian contessa and a British army officer. After a stint at Wellington College (1936–39), he joined the Royal Air Force (1941–46), attaining

Spike Lee is an American filmmaker known for his uncompromising provocative approach to controversial subject matter. The son of the jazz composer Bill Lee, he was reared in a middle-class Brooklyn neighbourhood. He majored in communications at Atlanta’s Morehouse College, where he directed his

Stan Lee was an American comic book writer best known for his work with Marvel Comics. Among the hundreds of characters and teams that he helped to create were the Fantastic Four, Spider-Man, the Avengers, and the X-Men. After graduating from high school at age 16, Lieber was hired as an editorial

Suni Lee is an American gymnast who won three medals at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo (delayed until 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic). Lee captured the individual all-around gold medal, becoming the fifth consecutive American woman to claim the sport’s most coveted prize. She also earned

Suni Lee is an American gymnast who won three medals at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo (delayed until 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic). Lee captured the individual all-around gold medal, becoming the fifth consecutive American woman to claim the sport’s most coveted prize. She also earned

Jimmy Wilde: …during the 17th round against Tancy Lee of Scotland. After regaining the European title, Wilde fought the American flyweight champion, Young Zulu Kid (Giuseppe Di Melfi), on Dec. 18, 1916. With his 11th-round knockout, Wilde became the first world flyweight champion, a title that he held until he was knocked…

Pamela Anderson: Playboy and Baywatch: …within a few weeks married Tommy Lee, drummer for the heavy metal band Mötley Crüe. A videotape of their personal lives, including footage of the couple engaging in sex, was stolen from their home in 1995, and copies quickly became widely available. While she continued to appear on Baywatch and…

Tsung-Dao Lee was a Chinese-born American physicist who, with Chen Ning Yang, received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1957 for work in discovering violations of the principle of parity conservation (the quality of space reflection symmetry of subatomic particle interactions), thus bringing about

Vernon Lee was an English essayist and novelist who is best known for her works on aesthetics. Paget was born to cosmopolitan and peripatetic intellectuals who in 1873 settled their family in Florence. In 1878 she determined to publish under a masculine pseudonym in order to be taken seriously, and

William S. Burroughs was an American writer of experimental novels that evoke, in deliberately erratic prose, a nightmarish, sometimes wildly humorous world. His sexual explicitness (he was an avowed and outspoken homosexual) and the frankness with which he dealt with his experiences as a drug

William Lee was an English inventor who devised the first knitting machine (1589), the only one in use for centuries. Its principle of operation remains in use. Lee, a clergyman at Calverton, is said to have developed the machine because a woman whom he was courting showed more interest in knitting

the Local Church: …one of the church’s elders, Witness Lee (1905–97), to lead the mission in Taiwan. Under Lee’s direction the church flourished and spread to neighbouring countries, eventually reaching the United States. There it attracted members from Chinese American communities and later from the general population. In 1962 Lee moved to California,…

Yuan T. Lee is a Taiwanese-American chemist who, with Dudley R. Herschbach and John C. Polanyi, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1986 for his role in the development of chemical-reaction dynamics. Lee was educated in Taiwan and at the University of California at Berkeley (Ph.D., 1965). He

Lee-Enfield rifle, rifle adopted by the British army as its basic infantry weapon in 1902. The short, magazine-loaded Lee-Enfield (Mark I, or SMLE) superseded the longer Lee-Enfield that was first produced in 1895. The short rifle had a length of 44.5 inches (111.6 cm) and combined the bolt action

Battle of France: Allied defenses and the German plan of attack: Wilhelm von Leeb’s Army Group C would demonstrate against the Maginot Line, and Gen. Fedor von Bock’s Army Group B would carry out the invasion of Belgium and the Netherlands. Allied armies would thus be drawn forward into Belgium in accordance with their expectations of…

leech, (subclass Hirudinea), any of about 650 species of segmented worms (phylum Annelida) characterized by a small sucker, which contains the mouth, at the anterior end of the body and a large sucker located at the posterior end. All leeches have 34 body segments. The length of the body ranges

John Leech was an English caricaturist notable for his contributions to Punch magazine. Leech was educated at Charterhouse, where he met William Makepeace Thackeray, who was to be his lifelong friend. He then began to study medicine but soon drifted into the artistic profession and in 1835

leeching, the application of a living leech to the skin in order to initiate blood flow or deplete blood from a localized area of the body. Through the 19th century leeching was frequently practiced in Europe, Asia, and America to deplete the body of quantities of blood, in a manner similar to

lychee, (Litchi chinensis), evergreen tree of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), grown for its edible fruit. Lychee is native to Southeast Asia and has been a favourite fruit of the Cantonese since ancient times. The fruit is usually eaten fresh but can also be canned or dried. The flavour of the

leeching, the application of a living leech to the skin in order to initiate blood flow or deplete blood from a localized area of the body. Through the 19th century leeching was frequently practiced in Europe, Asia, and America to deplete the body of quantities of blood, in a manner similar to

electron diffraction: …techniques, such as LEEDX (low-energy electron diffraction), depend on these diffraction patterns to examine solids, liquids, and gases.

LEED® standards, a certification program devised in 1994 by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC; founded 1993) to encourage sustainable practices design and development by means of tools and criteria for performance measurement. It is “a voluntary, consensus-based, market-driven building rating

Rudolf Laban: Sigurd Leeder and Kurt Jooss, also pupils, further developed and made extensive use of eukinetics in their teaching and choreography.

Ralph Fitch: with John Newberry, John Eldred, William Leedes, and James Story, Fitch embarked in the Tiger and reached Syria in late April. (Act I, scene 3 of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth alludes to the trip.) From Aleppo (Syria), they went overland to the Euphrates, which they descended to Al-Fallūjah, now in Iraq,…

Leeds, urban area (from 2011 built-up area), city, and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. It lies along the River Aire about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Manchester. The coal and iron ore deposits in the locality, a

Leeds: …built-up area), city, and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. It lies along the River Aire about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Manchester. The coal and iron ore deposits in the locality, a plentiful supply of soft water from the Aire’s tributaries,…

canals and inland waterways: Technological development: …Bingley, for example, on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, a lock staircase was built, and, on the hilly areas at Ketley in Shropshire, inclined planes were constructed in 1788 to haul tugboats from one level to another. The longest plane, about 69 metres (225 feet), was on the Hobbacott Down…

Leeds: …nearby on Millennium Square is Leeds Civic Hall (1933), which contains the city council chambers, the lord mayor’s office, and a banqueting hall. A newer and larger performance venue, first direct arena, opened in 2013. Another significant 21st-century addition to Leeds’s architectural landscape is the Trinity Leeds shopping centre, which…

Leeds: The Leeds Corn Exchange (1864), a masterpiece of Victorian architecture, was designed by Cuthbert Brodrick—as was Leeds Town Hall (1858), envisioned as a municipal palace and dedicated by Queen Victoria but now principally a concert and performance venue. Located nearby on Millennium Square is Leeds Civic…

Yorkshire Post, daily newspaper that is the chief Conservative paper published in England outside London. It is one of the most prestigious provincial papers in Britain. The Post is descended from the Leeds Intelligencer, a four-page weekly founded in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, by Griffith Knight

Samuel Smiles: …edited the progressive and reformist Leeds Times. His radicalism was a practical application of the doctrines of the utilitarian philosophers (“philosophical radicals”) Jeremy Bentham and James Mill. He was a zealous advocate of material progress based on individual enterprise and free trade. From 1845 to 1866 he was engaged in…

Leeds: …designed by Cuthbert Brodrick—as was Leeds Town Hall (1858), envisioned as a municipal palace and dedicated by Queen Victoria but now principally a concert and performance venue. Located nearby on Millennium Square is Leeds Civic Hall (1933), which contains the city council chambers, the lord mayor’s office, and a banqueting…

Thomas Osborne, 1st duke of Leeds was an English statesman who, while chief minister to King Charles II, organized the Tories in Parliament. In addition, he played a key role in bringing William and Mary to the English throne in 1689. The son of a Royalist Yorkshire landowner, Osborne did not

Thomas Osborne, 1st duke of Leeds was an English statesman who, while chief minister to King Charles II, organized the Tories in Parliament. In addition, he played a key role in bringing William and Mary to the English throne in 1689. The son of a Royalist Yorkshire landowner, Osborne did not

electron diffraction: …techniques, such as LEEDX (low-energy electron diffraction), depend on these diffraction patterns to examine solids, liquids, and gases.

marimba: Deagan and U.G. Leedy. It is a tube-resonated instrument pitched an octave below the orchestral xylophone; its range varies, but 312octaves upward from the C below middle C is common. Players may hold two sticks in each hand to play up to four notes at a time.…