leek, (Allium porrum), hardy biennial plant of the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae), grown as a vegetable. The leek is an ancient crop and is native to eastern Mediterranean lands and the Middle East. The plant is related to the onion and has a mild, sweet, onionlike flavour. Leek stalks are

glassware: Belgium and the Netherlands: The Dutch glassworks at Leerdam played an important part in the modern movement and followed a line of development distinct from that of the Scandinavian factories. In 1915 the decision was made to invite designs from artists, and by the early 1920s excellent simple tablewares were being made to…

wine: Postfermentation treatment: …found in the sediment, or lees. Separation of the supernatant wine from the lees is called racking. The containers are kept full from this time on by “topping,” a process performed frequently, as the temperature of the wine, and hence its volume, decreases. During the early stages, topping is necessary…

World War II: The Italian front, 1944: …commanded by Major General Sir Oliver Leese, from the Adriatic flank of the peninsula to the west, where it was to strengthen the 5th Army’s pressure around Monte Cassino and on the approaches to the valley of the Liri (headstream of the Garigliano). The combined attack, which was started in…

Judaism: American Judaism: …head of the traditionalists was Isaac Leeser (1806–68), a native of Germany, who had attempted to create an indigenous American community along the lines of a modernized traditionalism. After his death, Conservative forces became disorganized, but, in reaction to Reform, they defined themselves by their attachment to the Sabbath, the…

Hendrik Conscience: …De leeuw van Vlaanderen (1838; The Lion of Flanders), the passionate epic of the revolt of the Flemish towns against France and the victory of the Flemish militia at the Battle of the Golden Spurs (1302), he not only created the Flemish novel but wrote an outstanding historical novel in…

Gerardus van der Leeuw was a Dutch Reformed theologian and historian of religions, who contributed significantly to the phenomenological (descriptive) analysis of religious experience. Leeuw proposed that a nonrational (mystical) tradition underlies the evolution of religious manifestations. He

Leeuwarden, gemeente (municipality), northern Netherlands. Leeuwarden lies at the junction of the Harlinger-Trek Canal and the Dokkumer Ee Canal. Originally a port on the Middelzee (reclaimed since the 13th century), it was chartered in 1435, became the capital of Friesland in 1504, and was from

Dionysius the Carthusian was a theologian and mystic, one of the important contributors to, and propagators of, the influential school of Rhenish spirituality originating in the 14th century. Educated at the University of Cologne, Dionysius entered the Carthusian order at the charterhouse of

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch microscopist who was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa. His researches on lower animals refuted the doctrine of spontaneous generation, and his observations helped lay the foundations for the sciences of bacteriology and protozoology. At a young age,

Devil’s Lair: …in the dune limestone of Leeuwin–Naturaliste Ridge during the the Quaternary Period (about 2.6 million years ago to the present). The cave’s floor, composed of dozens of distinct layers, is an amalgam of thin, lightly cemented sandy strata, flowstone, limestone fragments, and stalagmitic masses. Since the 1970s, excavation in the…

Dionysius the Carthusian was a theologian and mystic, one of the important contributors to, and propagators of, the influential school of Rhenish spirituality originating in the 14th century. Educated at the University of Cologne, Dionysius entered the Carthusian order at the charterhouse of

Sotavento Islands, island group in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of western Africa and the southern of two island groups that constitute Cabo Verde. The archipelago consists of the islands of Brava, Fogo, Maio, and Santiago, as well as the islets of Grande, Luís Carneiro, and Cima, together

Îles Sous le Vent, archipelago of five inhabited volcanic islands and four uninhabited, low-lying coral atolls constituting the western part of the Society Islands, French Polynesia, in the central South Pacific. Raiatea, the principal island, and neighbouring Tahaa are part of a single submarine

Leeward Islands, an arc of West Indian islands that constitute the most westerly and northerly of the Lesser Antilles, at the northeastern end of the Caribbean Sea, between latitudes 16° and 19° N and longitudes 61° and 65° W. The history of British, French, Spanish, and Dutch colonialism in the

bicycle: Treadles and pedals: powered velocipedes: Documents indicate that Alexandre Lefèbvre of Saint-Denis, France, built a two-wheeled velocipede powered by treadles connected to cranks on the rear wheel in 1842. Lefèbvre took his velocipede with him when he immigrated to California in 1861, and it still exists there in the History San José museum.…

Anne Dacier was a classical commentator, translator, and editor, famous throughout Europe for her translations of the Iliad and the Odyssey, for her part in the French literary controversy between the “ancients and moderns,” and for her work, with her husband, André Dacier, on the famous Delphin

stunt flying: Eugène Lefebvre was the first engineer and chief pilot of the Wright company in France. (On September 7, 1909, Lefebvre was the first pilot to die in an airplane crash. In the text following, pilots who died when their airplanes crashed or in aerial combat…

François-Joseph Lefebvre, duke de Dantzig was a French general who was one of the 18 marshals of the empire appointed by Napoleon in May 1804. Lefebvre, the son of an Alsatian miller, worked for a time as a clerk before entering a military career in the French Guards in 1773. A sergeant at the

Georges Lefebvre was a French historian noted for his studies of various aspects of the French Revolution. Lefebvre’s major work, Les Paysans du Nord pendant la Révolution française (1924; “The Peasants of the North During the French Revolution”), was the result of 20 years of research into the

French literature: The Enlightenment: …of Jean Calas and the chevalier de La Barre.

Marcel Lefebvre was a Roman Catholic archbishop who opposed the liberalizing changes begun by the Second Vatican Council (1962–65; also called Vatican II). He was excommunicated in 1988 for consecrating new traditionalist bishops without the approval of the Holy See. His crusade caused the first

Marcel Lefebvre was a Roman Catholic archbishop who opposed the liberalizing changes begun by the Second Vatican Council (1962–65; also called Vatican II). He was excommunicated in 1988 for consecrating new traditionalist bishops without the approval of the Holy See. His crusade caused the first

François-Joseph Lefebvre, duke de Dantzig was a French general who was one of the 18 marshals of the empire appointed by Napoleon in May 1804. Lefebvre, the son of an Alsatian miller, worked for a time as a clerk before entering a military career in the French Guards in 1773. A sergeant at the

Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples was an outstanding French humanist, theologian, and translator whose scholarship stimulated scriptural studies during the Protestant Reformation. Ordained a priest, Lefèvre taught philosophy in Paris from about 1490 to 1507. During visits to Italy in 1492 and 1500, he

Peter Faber was a French Jesuit theologian and a cofounder of the Society of Jesus, who was tutor and friend of Ignatius Loyola at Paris. He was appointed professor of theology at Rome by Pope Paul III (1537), founded Jesuit colleges at Cologne and in Spain, and was a delegate to the Council of

Lefká Mountains, highest and most precipitous massif in western Crete (Modern Greek: Kríti), located a few miles south of the Cretan capital, Chaniá, in the nomós (department) of Chaniá, Greece. The limestone peaks have been hollowed out by erosion into high plains such as the Omalós (1,650–3,300

Lefká Mountains: The highest is Mount Lefká at 8,045 ft (2,452 m). The major stream rising from the Lefká is the Plataniás, which flows past Lákkoi northwestward into the Kólpos (gulf) Khaníon. The region is believed to be the last habitat of the Cretan agrimi, a wild goat. The Lefká…

Leucas, Greek island in the Ionian Sea (Modern Greek: Ióvio Pélagos). It constitutes a dímos (municipality) and with the island of Meganísi forms the perifereiakí enótita (regional unit) of Levkás in the Ionian Islands (Iónia Nisiá) periféreia (region), western Greece. The 117-square-mile

ancient Greek civilization: The post-Mycenaean period and Lefkandi: …uncovered at a site called Lefkandi on Euboea, the island along the eastern flank of Attica (the territory controlled by Athens). The grave, which dates to about 1000 bce, contains the (probably cremated) remains of a man and a woman. The large bronze vessel in which the man’s ashes were…

Andrew Mason: …the company’s founder, Chicago entrepreneur Eric Lefkofsky. In 2006 Mason earned a scholarship to attend the University of Chicago’s Harris School of Public Policy after creating Policy Tree, a visualization tool for policy debates.

Nicosia, city and capital of the Republic of Cyprus. It lies along the Pedieos River, in the centre of the Mesaoria Plain between the Kyrenia Mountains (north) and the Troodos range (south). The city is also the archiepiscopal seat of the autocephalous (having the right to elect its own archbishop

Nicosia, city and capital of the Republic of Cyprus. It lies along the Pedieos River, in the centre of the Mesaoria Plain between the Kyrenia Mountains (north) and the Troodos range (south). The city is also the archiepiscopal seat of the autocephalous (having the right to elect its own archbishop

Afrocentrism: Criticism of Afrocentrism: …History (1996), the American classicist Mary Lefkowitz attempted to refute most of the assertions made by Bernal, Diop, and others.

Robert J. Lefkowitz is an American physician and molecular biologist who demonstrated the existence of receptors—molecules that receive and transmit signals for cells. His research on the structure and function of cell-surface receptors—particularly of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the

Robert J. Lefkowitz is an American physician and molecular biologist who demonstrated the existence of receptors—molecules that receive and transmit signals for cells. His research on the structure and function of cell-surface receptors—particularly of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the

mathematics: Algebraic topology: …then by the American engineer-turned-mathematician Solomon Lefschetz, concerning the nature of manifolds of arbitrary dimension. Roughly speaking, a manifold is the n-dimensional generalization of the idea of a surface; it is a space any small piece of which looks like a piece of n-dimensional space. Such an object is often…

left, in politics, the portion of the political spectrum associated in general with egalitarianism and popular or state control of the major institutions of political and economic life. The term dates from the 1790s, when in the French revolutionary parliament the socialist representatives sat to

Archie Shepp: …to release new material, including Left Alone Revisited (2005), a tribute with pianist Mal Waldron to jazz singer Billie Holiday; Wo!man (2011), an album of duets with German pianist Joachim Kühn; and Ocean Bridges (2020), which incorporated rap and hip-hop. The National Endowment for the Arts named Shepp a Jazz…

Nikolay Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky: …most celebrated pieces were “The Left and Right Hand of Count Leo Tolstoy” (1873), which accurately predicted Tolstoy’s later social doctrines, and “A Cruel Talent” (1882), a criticism of Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s The Possessed.

Ukraine: The Ruin: …the east, known as the Left Bank, together with Kyiv (which actually was located west of the river); the arrangement was confirmed in 1686 by the Treaty of Eternal Peace between Poland and Russia.

Paris: City site: …designation of Right Bank and Left Bank (when facing downstream). Specific places, however, are usually indicated by arrondissement or by quarter (quartier).

Pakistan: The Indus River plain: …the World Bank, constructed the Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) in the 1980s and ’90s. The intent was to build a large artificial waterway roughly east of and parallel to the Indus to carry salt water from the plains of Punjab and Sindh provinces to the Arabian Sea coast in…

Alain Resnais: …milieu was that of the Left Bank school of filmmakers, so called for their political philosophy as well as for a formidable intellectuality related to the cosmopolitan bohemianism of the Saint-Germain-des-Prés district, on the Left Bank of the Seine, in Paris. The orientation of this group was opposite to that…

Jean Rhys: …a collection of short stories, The Left Bank (1927), was followed by such novels as Postures (1928), After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie (1931), Voyage in the Dark (1934), and Good Morning, Midnight (1939).

Nicolas Cage: …of an airline pilot in Left Behind (2014), an adaptation of the first book (1995) of Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins’s highly successful Left Behind series about the Rapture, and in Oliver Stone’s Snowden (2016) he was cast as a former intelligence officer.

Left Behind series, series of 16 thriller novels written by Jerry B. Jenkins and Tim LaHaye about Evangelical Christians living through an end-times apocalypse inspired by the Book of Revelation. The best-selling books were published by Tyndale House from 1995 to 2007 and generated spinoffs, audio

Sir Victor Gollancz: Through the Left Book Club, which he founded in 1936, he mobilized intellectuals and the public in the fight against fascism, and after World War II he was a leader in organizing relief efforts in Europe, especially in Germany, through the Save Europe Now campaign. At home…

Dajōkan: …1871, into three chambers: a Left Chamber (Sa-in), the legislative body; a Right Chamber (U-in), which directed the various ministries; and a Central Chamber (Sei-in), which subsumed the powers of the other two chambers.

Left Communist, in Soviet history, one of a group within the Communist Party which in the first half of 1918 opposed Lenin’s practical policies for preserving Communist rule in Russia. The group was led by Nikolay I. Bukharin. Rather than make peace, the Left Communists favoured waging a

baseball: Outfielders: The three outfield positions are left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder. Outfielders must be able to judge the trajectory of flies and have enough speed to run to the point where the ball will come down. Batted or thrown balls that pass beyond the infielders along the ground must…

Communist Party of India: …leftist parties to create the Left Front coalition, which formed governments in the states of West Bengal, Tripura, and, intermittently, Kerala. In Tamil Nadu the CPI was part of the ruling Democratic Progressive Alliance formed there in 2004. The party was also politically influential in the states of Andhra Pradesh…

The Left Hand of Darkness, science-fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin, published in 1969. The book, set on a frigid planet called Gethen, or Winter, is a vehicle for Le Guin’s Daoist view of the complementary nature of all relationships. Gethen is inhabited by a race of androgynous humans who may

Friedrich Engels: Early life: … as expounded by the “Young Hegelians,” a group of leftist intellectuals, including the theologian and historian Bruno Bauer and the anarchist Max Stirner. They accepted the Hegelian dialectic—basically that rational progress and historical change result from the conflict of opposing views, ending in a new synthesis. The Young Hegelians…

human intelligence: Hemispheric studies: … and others found that the left hemisphere is superior in analytical tasks, such as are involved in the use of language, while the right hemisphere is superior in many forms of visual and spatial tasks. Overall, the right hemisphere tends to be more synthetic and holistic in its functioning than…

Sweden: Political process: …Democratic Labour Party) and the Left Party (former Communist Party). The SAP is closely allied with the trade unions and was in power for a considerable part of the 20th century (1932–76 [except briefly in 1936] and 1982–91). At the end of the century and into the 21st century, power…

Left Party, German political party that ruled East Germany as the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and now contests elections in united Germany as the Left (Die Linke). It advocates a broadly democratic socialist platform that puts it to the left of the mainstream Social Democratic Party

Left Party, German political party that ruled East Germany as the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and now contests elections in united Germany as the Left (Die Linke). It advocates a broadly democratic socialist platform that puts it to the left of the mainstream Social Democratic Party

Denmark: The Right and the Left: …1901 election, however, when the Left Reform Party (Venstrereformparti), an offshoot of the Left, came to power and what has become known in Denmark as the “Change of System” was introduced.

Socialist Revolutionary Party: Its radical wing (Left Socialist Revolutionaries) formed a splinter group that participated in the Bolshevik government until its representatives were expelled in July 1918 at the fifth Congress of the Soviets. The SR was suppressed by Lenin after the Bolshevik victory in the Civil War.

cardiovascular disease: Therapy: …of obtaining a donor heart, left ventricular assist devices have been developed to increase patient survival while awaiting a transplant. These devices work by taking part of the blood from the left ventricle and mechanically pumping it into the arterial circulation. This mechanical assistance reduces the amount of work required…

human cardiovascular system: Angiocardiography and arteriography: Left ventriculography (X-ray pictures of the left ventricle) provides information about the synchrony and adequacy of the forces of contraction in areas of the left ventricle. Arteriography (X-ray pictures of an artery after the injection of dyes that are opaque to X-rays) of the coronary…

left, in politics, the portion of the political spectrum associated in general with egalitarianism and popular or state control of the major institutions of political and economic life. The term dates from the 1790s, when in the French revolutionary parliament the socialist representatives sat to

Denmark: Political process: …Party (Konservative Folkeparti) and the Liberal Party (Venstre) ruled until 1993, when the Social Democrats regained power. A center-right Liberal-Conservative coalition held power from 2001 to 2011, when a center-left coalition led by the Social Democrats took the reins of government. Other prominent parties include the right-wing Danish People’s Party…

pleuronectiform: Annotated classification: Family Bothidae (left-eyed flounders) Eyes sinistral; anus generally far up on blind side; gill membranes connected; dorsal and anal fin rays shortened posteriorly; two series of intramuscular bones; pelvic fin bases on ocular side long, on blind side shorter, 6-fin rays in all but 1 species.…

Arthur Penn: Early films: …his screen directing debut with The Left Handed Gun (1958), a psychological retelling of the legend of gunfighter Billy the Kid. Paul Newman essayed the title role, which he had played in the 1955 Philco Playhouse production on which the film was based (Gore Vidal wrote both versions). Although the…

John Arden: Left-Handed Liberty (1965), written to mark the 750th anniversary of the signing of Magna Carta, characteristically dwells on the failure of the document to achieve liberty. His writing became more politically committed, as evidenced in the two radio plays The Bagman (1972) and Pearl (1978).…

silica mineral: Quartz: …to occur as two types: left-handed or right-handed (enantiomorphism). Left-handed quartz is less than 1 percent more abundant than right-handed quartz. The structural tetrahedrons spiral upward through the crystal in the sense of the handedness parallel to the c axis. Similarly, if polarized light is transmitted by a quartz crystal…

Peter Handke: Die linkshändige Frau (1976; The Left-Handed Woman) is a dispassionate description of a young mother coping with the disorientation she feels after she has separated from her husband. Handke’s memoir about his deceased mother, Wunschloses Unglück (1972; “Wishless Un-luck”; Eng. trans. A Sorrow Beyond Dreams), is also an effective…

laterality: …to classify persons as right-handed, left-handed, or ambidextrous (two-handed). People differ considerably in the range of activities for which they prefer a given hand as well as in the degree of disparity in skill between their two hands. Probably no one favours either the right or left hand exclusively.

human cardiovascular system: Left-heart catheterization: Left-heart catheterization is accomplished by introducing a catheter into the brachial or femoral artery (in the upper arm and thigh, respectively) and advancing it through the aorta across the aortic valve and into the left ventricle. Mitral and aortic valvular defects and myocardial…

Chinese literature: 1927–37: …the Zuoyi Zuojia Lianmeng (“League of Left-Wing Writers”), whose membership included many influential writers. Lu Xun, the prime organizer and titular head throughout the league’s half decade of activities, had stopped writing fiction in late 1925 and, after moving from Beijing to Shanghai in 1927, directed most of his…

Chinese literature: 1927–37: …the Zuoyi Zuojia Lianmeng (“League of Left-Wing Writers”), whose membership included many influential writers. Lu Xun, the prime organizer and titular head throughout the league’s half decade of activities, had stopped writing fiction in late 1925 and, after moving from Beijing to Shanghai in 1927, directed most of his…

Regina King: …Shameless in 2014 and in The Leftovers in 2015 and 2017. In the anthology series American Crime (2015–17) she portrayed a different character in each story arc, and for her work on the show she earned two Emmy Awards (2015 and 2016). She won a third Emmy for her performance…

Hector-Martin Lefuel was a French architect who completed the new Louvre in Paris, a structure that was seen as a primary symbol of Second Empire architecture in the late 19th century. Lefuel was the son of a building contractor. He studied with Jean-Nicolas Huyot and received the Prix de Rome of

leg, limb or appendage of an animal, used to support the body, provide locomotion, and, in modified form, assist in capturing and eating prey (as in certain shellfish, spiders, and insects). In four-limbed vertebrates all four appendages are commonly called legs, but in bipedal animals, including

cricket: Methods of dismissal: The batsman is out “leg before wicket” (lbw) if he intercepts with any part of his person (except his hand) that is in line between wicket and wicket a ball that has not first touched his bat or his hand and that has or would have pitched (hit the…

cricket: Extras: …make good a run); (2) leg byes (when in similar circumstances the ball has touched any part of the batsman’s body except his hand); (3) wides (when a ball passes out of reach of the striker); (4) no balls (improperly bowled balls; for a fair delivery the ball must be…

cricket: Batting: …back before playing the ball; leg glance (or glide), in which the ball is deflected behind the wicket on the leg side; cut, in which the batsman hits a ball on the uprise (after it has hit the ground on the off side), square with or behind the wicket; and…

cricket: Strategy and technique: …divided lengthwise into off and on, or leg, sides in relation to the batsmen’s stance, depending upon whether he bats right- or left-handed; the off side is the side facing the batsman, and the on, or leg, side is the side behind him as he stands to receive the ball.…

Oliver Sacks: …a saga he related in A Leg to Stand On (1984). Sacks took care to illuminate the existential as well as pathological conditions of his patients in works such as The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales (1985). While most critics found his descriptions…

gastrocnemius muscle, large posterior muscle of the calf of the leg. It originates at the back of the femur (thighbone) and patella (kneecap) and, joining the soleus (another muscle of the calf), is attached to the Achilles tendon at the heel. Action of the gastrocnemius pulls the heel up and thus

Shane Warne: …promoted the almost-forgotten art of leg-spin and brought variety to a sport that had been dominated by fast bowling. In 2006 he became the first bowler to take 700 Test wickets.

African art: Northern cultural area: The Lega, who inhabit the area between the Luba and the northernmost peoples, have produced figures and masks, mostly carved from ivory in a schematic style. These objects are used, together with a vast assemblage of artifacts and natural objects, in the initiation to successive grades…

Peace of Lodi: …maintain existing boundaries, and an Italian League (Lega Italica) was set up. The states of the league promised to defend one another in the event of attack and to support a contingent of soldiers to provide military aid. The league, officially proclaimed by Pope Nicholas V on March 2, 1455,…

Lombard League, league of cities in northern Italy that, in the 12th and 13th centuries, resisted attempts by the Holy Roman emperors to reduce the liberties and jurisdiction of the communes of Lombardy. Originally formed for a period of 20 years on Dec. 1, 1167, the Lombard League initially

Umberto Bossi: …the leader (1991–2012) of the Northern League (Lega Nord) party.

Macchiaioli: …his usually socially conscious scenes; Silvestro Lega (1826–95), who combined a clearly articulated handling of colour patches with a poetic feeling for his subject; and Raffaello Sernesi (1838–66) and Giuseppe Abbati (1836–68), both of whom also used colour in a highly original manner.

legacy, in law, generally a gift of property by will or testament. The term is used to denote the disposition of either personal or real property in the event of death. In Anglo-American law, a legacy of an identified object, such as a particular piece of real estate, or a described object of

The Living Theatre: A collaborative play cycle entitled The Legacy of Cain was the focus of The Living Theatre’s performances in the 1970s. For this work, they shunned the usual theatrical venues, instead performing for free in public spaces and in such unusual places as the site of a Pittsburgh steel mill, a…

John le Carré: A Legacy of Spies (2017) revisits The Spy Who Came In from the Cold and features both old and new characters. In 2019 le Carré released Agent Running in the Field, an espionage tale set in 2018 that incorporates such topical events as “Brexit” (the…

François Villon: Life: …himself entitled Le Lais (The Legacy). It takes the form of a list of “bequests,” ironically conceived, made to friends and acquaintances before leaving them and the city. To his barber he leaves the clippings from his hair; to three well-known local usurers, some small change; to the clerk…

legal aid, the professional legal assistance given, either at no charge or for a nominal sum, to indigent persons in need of such help. In criminal cases most countries—especially those in which a person accused of a crime enjoys a presumption of innocence—provide the services of a lawyer for those

Emilio Fermin Mignone: … (“disappeared persons”), Mignone founded the Centre for Legal and Social Studies in 1979. His wife became a founding member of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, a group of mothers of the disappeared who held weekly vigils for their children in a plaza opposite the presidential palace in Buenos…

anthropology: Political and legal anthropology: While the intellectual and methodological roots of political anthropology can be traced to Montesquieu and Alexis de Tocqueville, who viewed politics and governance as cultural constructs, Elizabeth Colson dated the modern field of political anthropology to 1940 and the publication of African Political…

bar association, group of attorneys, whether local, national, or international, that is organized primarily to deal with issues affecting the legal profession. In general, bar associations are concerned with furthering the best interests of lawyers. This may mean the advocacy of reforms in the

law code, a more or less systematic and comprehensive written statement of laws. Law codes were compiled by the most ancient peoples. The oldest extant evidence for a code is tablets from the ancient archives of the city of Ebla (now at Tell Mardikh, Syria), which date to about 2400 bc. The best

library: National libraries: Most national libraries receive, by legal right (known in English as legal, or copyright, deposit), one free copy of each book and periodical printed in the country. Certain other libraries throughout the world share this privilege, though many of them receive their legal deposit only by requesting it.

Brian Dennehy: (1985), Cocoon (1985), F/X (1986), Legal Eagles (1986), and Presumed Innocent (1990).

legal education, preparation for the practice of law. Instruction in law has been offered in universities since medieval times, but, since the advent of university-based law schools in the 18th and 19th centuries, legal education has faced the challenge of reconciling its aim of teaching law as one