Henry M. Leland was an American engineer and manufacturer whose rigorous standards contributed to the development of the automobile. After an apprenticeship as a machinist in Worcester, Massachusetts, he worked in the U.S. Armory at Springfield, Massachusetts, during the American Civil War and for

Henry M. Leland was an American engineer and manufacturer whose rigorous standards contributed to the development of the automobile. After an apprenticeship as a machinist in Worcester, Massachusetts, he worked in the U.S. Armory at Springfield, Massachusetts, during the American Civil War and for

John Leland was a chaplain and librarian to King Henry VIII. He was the earliest of a notable group of English antiquarians. Leland was educated at St. Paul’s School and Christ’s College, Cambridge (B.A., 1522), later studying at All Souls’ College, Oxford, and in Paris. He took holy orders and by

Nangnang, one of four colonies (Nangnang, Chinbŏn, Imdun, and Hyŏnto) established in 108 bce by the emperor Wudi of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce) of China when he conquered the ancient Korean state of Wiman (later named Chosŏn). Nangnang, which occupied the northwestern portion of the Korean

Lelantine War, conflict arising during the late 8th century bce from colonial disputes and trade rivalry between the Greek cities of Chalcis and Eretria. The two cities (both on the island of Euboea) had jointly founded Cumae in Italy (c. 750). When they fell out, the war between them split the

myth: Animals and plants in myth: Among the African Lele, for example, animals are distinguished from humans by their lack of manners, their immense fecundity, and by their sticking to their own sphere and avoiding contact with humans. Animals that violate this third characteristic are understood to be human-animals, the product of sorcery or…

lélek, in Finno-Ugric religion, the vital principle of the human body. Despite its literal meaning, the term does not designate the immortal essence of individual personality, as soul does in many Western (and some non-Western) religions. In its earliest uses, lélek was associated with both breath

Joachim Lelewel was a prominent Polish historian, regarded as one of the founders of modern Polish historical thought. Descendant of a Polonized German family, Lelewel completed his studies at the Polish University of Wilno, received an assistant professorship there (1815–24), and then a full

Lélia, novel by George Sand, published in 1833. It shocked contemporary readers with a heroine who, like Sand herself, was an iconoclastic, intellectual woman who scorned society’s rules. Independent and sensual, Lélia has had many lovers. Now repelled by physical passion, which represents the

Madam C.J. Walker: …Pittsburgh, where she opened the Lelia College of Beauty Culture, a school named for her daughter. Drawn to the prosperous Black business community in Indianapolis, she relocated the headquarters of the Madam C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company there in 1910.

Hector Berlioz: Mature career of Hector Berlioz: …Retour à la vie (later Lélio, after the hero’s name). First performed in 1832, this concoction, which contains three or four delightful pieces, enjoyed great success, and Berlioz had reason to think himself launched again.

Pierre Marivaux: But the Italian Theatre of Lelio, sponsored in Paris by the regent Philippe d’Orleans, attracted him far more. The major players Thomassin and Silvia of this commedia dell’arte troupe became Marivaux’s stock lovers: Harlequin, or the valet, and the ingenue. Arlequin poli par l’amour (1723; “Harlequin Brightened by…

Luis Federico Leloir was an Argentine biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1970 for his investigations of the processes by which carbohydrates are converted into energy in the body. After serving as an assistant at the Institute of Physiology, University of Buenos Aires, from 1934 to

Pierre Balmain: …he joined the firm of Lucien Lelong, where he worked with Christian Dior, who was to become his main rival during their heyday in the postwar years. The House of Balmain was an immediate success, its clothes characterized by superb quality, particularly in evening wear, which combined femininity with an…

Claude Lelouch is a French director and screenwriter who was noted chiefly for his lush visual style. He achieved prominence in 1966 with his film Un Homme et une femme (A Man and a Woman), which shared the Grand Prize at the Cannes film festival and won two Academy Awards (for best foreign film

Lelystad: It was named after Cornelis Lely (d. 1929), an engineer-statesman who designed the Zuiderzee reclamation project. It became the capital of the newly created Flevoland province in 1986. Located next to a land-reclamation dike, Lelystad has a small fishing harbour; boats have access to Amsterdam through the Oostvaarder Canal.…

Sir Peter Lely was a Baroque portrait painter known for his Van Dyck-influenced likenesses of the mid-17th-century English aristocracy. The origin of the name Lely is said to be the lily carved into the gable of the van der Faes family’s house in The Hague. The young artist was early known as

Sir Peter Lely was a Baroque portrait painter known for his Van Dyck-influenced likenesses of the mid-17th-century English aristocracy. The origin of the name Lely is said to be the lily carved into the gable of the van der Faes family’s house in The Hague. The young artist was early known as

Lelystad, gemeente (municipality), north-central Netherlands, on the IJsselmeer (Lake IJssel). After the East Flevoland Polder was drained in 1957, the town was built on a foundation of piles driven into the subsoil. It was named after Cornelis Lely (d. 1929), an engineer-statesman who designed the

Hella S. Haasse was a Dutch novelist noted for her innovative historical fiction. Haasse studied at the Amsterdam Toneelschool, a dramatic arts school, and published a volume of poetry, Stroomversnelling (1945; “Fast Current”). In her first novella, Oeroeg (1948), she explored race relations in the

Girma Wolde-Giorgis: …founded an environmental organization called Lem Ethiopia.

Stanisław Lem was a Polish author of science fiction that veers between humanism and despair about human limitations. His books have been translated into more than 35 languages. The son of a doctor, Lem studied medicine at Lvov Medical Institute (now Lviv State Medical University) during 1940–41,

potato beetle, (Lema daturaphila), species of leaf beetle that was one of the most destructive potato pests until the spread of the related Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in the 1850s. Taxonomy See also list of beetles. About 6 mm (less than 0.25 inch) long, the potato beetle is

Henrietta Szold: …was renamed Mosad Szold (The Szold Foundation). Szold died in Jerusalem, in the Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital she had helped make possible.

MacCarthy Island, island, in the Gambia River, 176 miles (283 km) upstream from Banjul, central Gambia. It was ceded in 1823 to Captain Alexander Grant of the African Corps, who was acting for the British crown. Designated as a site for freed slaves, the island was renamed for Sir Charles

Jean Lemaire de Belges was a Walloon poet, historian, and pamphleteer who, writing in French, was the last and one of the best of the school of poetic rhétoriqueurs (“rhetoricians”) and the chief forerunner, both in style and in thought, of the Renaissance humanists in France and Flanders. Lemaire

New Jersey Devils: In 1993 the Devils hired Jacques Lemaire as their coach. He established a defense-oriented strategy with players such as Stephane Richer, Scott Stevens (who captained the team from 1992 to 2004), and Ken Daneyko. Contributing to the Devils’ dominance was goaltender Martin Brodeur, who won the Calder Memorial Trophy as…

Jules Lemaître was a French critic, storyteller, and dramatist, now remembered for his uniquely personal and impressionistic style of literary criticism. After leaving the École Normale, Lemaître was a schoolmaster and then professor at the University of Grenoble before resigning to devote himself

Paris: The Rue de Rivoli and Right Bank environs: The Théâtre de l’Ambigu, where Frédéric Lemaître, the celebrated actor in boulevard melodrama, thrilled all Paris in the mid-19th century, was demolished in the 1960s.

Georges Lemaître was a Belgian astronomer and cosmologist who formulated the modern big-bang theory, which holds that the universe began in a cataclysmic explosion of a small, primeval “super-atom.” A civil engineer, Lemaître served as an artillery officer in the Belgian Army during World War I.

Jules Lemaître was a French critic, storyteller, and dramatist, now remembered for his uniquely personal and impressionistic style of literary criticism. After leaving the École Normale, Lemaître was a schoolmaster and then professor at the University of Grenoble before resigning to devote himself

Lake Geneva, largest Alpine lake in Europe (area 224 square miles [581 square km]), lying between southwestern Switzerland and Haute-Savoie département, southeastern France. About 134 square miles (347 square km) of the lake’s area are Swiss, and 90 square miles (234 square km) are French. Crescent

Lake Geneva, largest Alpine lake in Europe (area 224 square miles [581 square km]), lying between southwestern Switzerland and Haute-Savoie département, southeastern France. About 134 square miles (347 square km) of the lake’s area are Swiss, and 90 square miles (234 square km) are French. Crescent

Seán F. Lemass was an Irish patriot and politician, who served as taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland from 1959 to 1966. As early as the age of 16, Lemass became a freedom fighter in the streets of Dublin, engaging in the Easter Rising (April 1916) and other hostilities and landing in jail again

Seán F. Lemass was an Irish patriot and politician, who served as taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland from 1959 to 1966. As early as the age of 16, Lemass became a freedom fighter in the streets of Dublin, engaging in the Easter Rising (April 1916) and other hostilities and landing in jail again

Curtis E. LeMay was a U.S. Air Force officer whose expertise in strategic bombardment techniques was important during World War II and afterward. Entering the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1928, LeMay advanced to the position of bombardment group commander by 1942. Flying with the 8th Air Force from

Curtis E. LeMay was a U.S. Air Force officer whose expertise in strategic bombardment techniques was important during World War II and afterward. Entering the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1928, LeMay advanced to the position of bombardment group commander by 1942. Flying with the 8th Air Force from

Canadian literature: The literary movement of 1860: …numerous collections of verse by Pamphile Lemay (Les Gouttelettes [1904; "The Droplets"]) and Louis-Honoré Fréchette (La Légende d’un peuple [1887; “The Legend of a People”]) illustrate the nostalgic and didactic preoccupations of the time. More original works were nevertheless attempted: Eudore Evanturel’s Premières poésies (1878; “First Poems”) broke with conventional…

Lviv, city, western Ukraine, on the Roztochchya Upland. Founded in the mid-13th century by Prince Daniel Romanovich of Galicia, Lviv has historically been the chief centre of Galicia, a region now divided between Ukraine and Poland. Its position controlling east-west routes and passes across the

Swabian Alp: …to its highest peak, the Lemberg (3,330 feet [1,015 m]), but slopes gradually toward the Danube River valley in the southeast. Composed of limestones, the range is characterized by karstic features such as sinkholes, caves, dry valleys, and underground watercourses. The region has a raw climate and poor upland soils…

Médéa, town, north-central Algeria. It is situated on a plateau in the Tell Atlas Mountains 56 miles (90 km) south of Algiers. Shadowed by Mount Nador (3,693 feet [1,126 metres]) to the northwest, the town is surrounded by fertile, well-watered soil that forms the watershed for the Chelif River and

Minas Gerais: History: …Gerais was first explored by Fernão Dias Pais Leme between 1664 and 1677, though he was not the first European to enter the area. The discovery of gold in 1692–95 by bands of adventurers from the São Paulo settlements led to a mad rush for the new mines. Minas Gerais…

Canadian literature: World War II and the postwar period, 1935–60: Roger Lemelin’s Les Plouffe (1948; The Plouffe Family), a family chronicle set in the poorer quarters of Quebec city, spawned a popular television serial.

Jacques Lemercier was a French architect who, along with François Mansart and Louis Le Vau, shaped French architecture by introducing classical elements. Lemercier belonged to a famous family of builders. For several years between 1607 and 1614 he was in Rome, where he probably studied with Rosato

Népomucène Lemercier was a poet and dramatist, a late proponent of classical tragedy over Romanticism, and the originator of French historical comedy. An accident caused Lemercier lifelong partial paralysis. He made a precocious literary debut, attempting a comedy at age 9 and having his first

Népomucène Lemercier was a poet and dramatist, a late proponent of classical tragedy over Romanticism, and the originator of French historical comedy. An accident caused Lemercier lifelong partial paralysis. He made a precocious literary debut, attempting a comedy at age 9 and having his first

arsenic: History: Later, Nicolas Lémery, a French physician and chemist, observed the formation of arsenic when heating a mixture of the oxide, soap, and potash. By the 18th century, arsenic was well known as a unique semimetal.

Limassol, city and chief port of the Republic of Cyprus. The city lies on Akrotiri Bay, on the southern coast, southwest of Nicosia; it is the island’s second largest city and is also its chief tourist centre. Limassol’s rise from a humble market town between the ancient settlements of Amathus and

Lawrence Lemieux: An Easy Decision: Lawrence Lemieux grew up sailing on the lakes of western Canada. He grew to be so adept that, in his teens and twenties, he won many competitions throughout North America. Skilled and self-assured, the 33-year-old Lemieux easily earned a place on Canada’s 1988 Olympic team,…

Mario Lemieux is a Canadian professional ice hockey player and owner who is considered one of the greatest players in the history of the sport. Lemieux starred in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League as a teenager, setting a league record by scoring 282 points in 70 games during the 1983–84

pottery: Faience, or tin-glazed ware: …probably modelled by the sculptor Charles Gabriel Sauvage, called Lemire (1741–1827), and some were sometimes taken from models by Paul-Louis Cyfflé (1724–1806). At Lunéville, not far away, Cyfflé worked in a pleasant but sentimental vein and used a semiporcelain biscuit body known as terre-de-Lorraine, which was intended to resemble the…

genocide: …cide (“killing”), was coined by Raphael Lemkin, a Polish-born jurist who served as an adviser to the U.S. Department of War during World War II.

Rusyn, any of several East Slavic peoples (modern-day Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Carpatho-Rusyns) and their languages. The name Rusyn is derived from Rus (Ruthenia), the name of the territory that they inhabited. The name Ruthenian derives from the Latin Ruthenus (singular), a term found in

Poaceae: Characteristic morphological features: The other scales, the lemma and the palea, occur in pairs. Generally the lemma is larger than the palea, which is hidden between the lemma and the spikelet axis. The lemma and palea surround and protect the flower, and all three of these structures form the floret. Grass spikelets…

lemming, any of 20 species of small rodents, some of which undertake large, swarming migrations. Lemmings are found only in the Northern Hemisphere. They have short, stocky bodies with short legs and stumpy tails, a bluntly rounded muzzle, small eyes, and small ears that are nearly hidden in their

Eric Lemming was a Swedish track-and-field athlete who was the first great javelin thrower of the modern era. He won gold medals in the first two Olympic javelin contests. Lemming was the finest of the Scandinavian athletes who dominated the javelin throw in the early 20th century. A very strong

Eric Lemming was a Swedish track-and-field athlete who was the first great javelin thrower of the modern era. He won gold medals in the first two Olympic javelin contests. Lemming was the finest of the Scandinavian athletes who dominated the javelin throw in the early 20th century. A very strong

Eric Lemming was a Swedish track-and-field athlete who was the first great javelin thrower of the modern era. He won gold medals in the first two Olympic javelin contests. Lemming was the finest of the Scandinavian athletes who dominated the javelin throw in the early 20th century. A very strong

Lemminkäinen, hero of Finnish traditional songs. In these songs, Lemminkäinen travels to an otherworldly place where he overcomes many obstacles, such as a ditch full of burning rocks and a fence made of snakes. When he reaches his goal, he must also succeed at a series of tests and best his host

Jack Lemmon was an American screen and stage actor who was adept at both comedy and drama and was noted for his portrayals of high-strung or neurotic characters in American films from the 1950s onward. Lemmon attended Harvard University and was president of the school’s Hasty Pudding Club, an

Jack Lemmon was an American screen and stage actor who was adept at both comedy and drama and was noted for his portrayals of high-strung or neurotic characters in American films from the 1950s onward. Lemmon attended Harvard University and was president of the school’s Hasty Pudding Club, an

lemming: Natural history: Collared and brown lemmings (Dicrostonyx and Lemmus) make nests on the tundra surface or beneath the snow. Breeding from spring to fall, females can produce up to 13 young after a gestation period of about 20 to 30 days.

lemming: Natural history: …only short distances, but the Norway lemmings (Lemmus lemmus) in Scandinavia are a dramatic exception. From a central point, they move in growing numbers outward in all directions, at first erratically and under cover of darkness but later in bold groups that may travel in daylight. Huge hordes overrun broad…

Lemnos: In Classical times Lemnian earth (Lemnia sphragis) was used as an astringent for snakebites and wounds and in the 16th century for the plague. This medicinal soil was dug ceremonially once a year from a mound near Hephaestia. Pop. (2001) 17,545; (2011) 16,992.

Phidias: The so-called Lemnian Athena was dedicated as an offering by Athenian colonists who were sent to Lemnos between 451 and 448. A head of Athena in Bologna and two statues of Athena in Dresden are thought to be copies, in marble, of Phidias’s original work in bronze.

Lemnos: In Classical times Lemnian earth (Lemnia sphragis) was used as an astringent for snakebites and wounds and in the 16th century for the plague. This medicinal soil was dug ceremonially once a year from a mound near Hephaestia. Pop. (2001) 17,545; (2011) 16,992.

mathematics: History of analysis: …of the rectification of the lemniscate, a ribbon-shaped curve discovered by Jakob Bernoulli in 1694, Giulio Carlo Fagnano (1682–1766) introduced ingenious analytic transformations that laid the foundation for the theory of elliptic integrals. Nikolaus I Bernoulli (1687–1759), the nephew of Johann and Jakob, proved the equality of mixed second-order partial…

human ear: Ascending pathways: The lemniscus is a major tract, most of the fibres of which end in the inferior colliculus, the auditory centre of the midbrain, although some fibres may bypass the colliculus and end, together with the fibres from the colliculus, at the next higher level, the medial…

Lyman Lemnitzer was a U.S. Army general, commander of the United Nations forces in the Korean War (1955–57), chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1960–62), and supreme allied commander in Europe (1963–69). Lemnitzer was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y. (1920), the Command

Lemnos, isolated Greek island and dímos (municipality), North Aegean (Modern Greek: Vóreio Aigaío) periféreia (region), Greece. It is situated in the Aegean Sea, midway between Mount Áthos (Ágio) in northeastern mainland Greece and the Turkish coast. Composed mainly of volcanic rock, its western

bioplastic: …1926 by a French researcher, Maurice Lemoigne, from his work with the bacterium Bacillus megaterium. The significance of Lemoigne’s discovery was overlooked for many decades, in large part because, at the time, petroleum was inexpensive and abundant. The petroleum crisis of the mid-1970s brought renewed interest in finding alternatives to…

catalysis: History: In 1877 Georges Lemoine had shown that the decomposition of hydriodic acid to hydrogen and iodine reached the same equilibrium point at 350 °C (660 °F), 19 percent, whether the reaction was carried out rapidly in the presence of platinum sponge or slowly in the gas phase.…

lemon, (Citrus ×limon), small tree or spreading bush of the rue family (Rutaceae) and its edible fruit. Lemon juice is a characteristic ingredient in many pastries and desserts, such as tarts and the traditional American lemon meringue pie. The distinctive astringent flavour of the fruit, either

lemon balm, (Melissa officinalis), aromatic herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae), grown for its lemon-scented fragrant leaves. Lemon balm is native to the Mediterranean region and Central Asia and has naturalized in parts of North America and elsewhere. It is widely cultivated in temperate climates

basil: Species: tenuiflorum) and lemon basil (O. ×citriodorum) are common in Asian cuisine. The dried large-leaf varieties have a fragrant aroma faintly reminiscent of anise and a warm, sweet, aromatic, mildly pungent flavour. The dried leaves of the common basil are less fragrant and more pungent in flavour.

bergamot: Lemon bergamot, or lemon bee balm (M. citriodora), and wild bergamot (M. fistulosa) are also used as flavourings and in teas.

bergamot: Lemon bergamot, or lemon bee balm (M. citriodora), and wild bergamot (M. fistulosa) are also used as flavourings and in teas.

Charismatic: …two long shots, the 29–1 Lemon Drop Kid and the 54–1 Vision and Verse. Jockey Chris Antley got little response from Charismatic and felt the colt drop and dip underneath him—a sign that the horse was in pain. Charismatic finished the race in third place; Lemon Drop Kid was the…

Gaultheria: Major species: Salal (G. shallon), or lemonleaf in the floral industry, is a diffuse slender shrub of the Pacific Northwest; it grows 0.3–1.8 metres (1–6 feet) tall and has dark purple edible fruits.

sun orchid: The lemon orchid (Thelymitra antennifera), the twisted sun orchid (T. flexuosa), the custard orchid (T. violosa), and the scented sun orchid (T. avistata) are common Australian species.

lemon shark, species of shark in the family Carcharhinidae. See

sumac: copallinum) and the lemon, or fragrant, sumac (R. aromatica). The former is often grown for its shiny leaves, the leaflets of which are connected by ribs along the axis, and showy reddish fruits. The fragrant sumac has three-parted leaves, scented when bruised; it forms a dense low shrub…

Julian Barnes: Novels and short stories: …new depth of emotion in The Lemon Table (2004), a collection of short stories in which most of the characters are consumed by thoughts of death. He explores why some people are remembered after their death and others are not in the historical novel Arthur & George (2005), in which…

Lemon v. Kurtzman, legal case in which the United States Supreme Court on June 28, 1971, ruled (8–0 as to a Pennsylvania statute and 8–1 as to a Rhode Island statute) that state funding for nonpublic and nonsecular schools in Rhode Island and Pennsylvania violated the establishment clause of the

Lemon v. Kurtzman, legal case in which the United States Supreme Court on June 28, 1971, ruled (8–0 as to a Pennsylvania statute and 8–1 as to a Rhode Island statute) that state funding for nonpublic and nonsecular schools in Rhode Island and Pennsylvania violated the establishment clause of the

lemon verbena, (Aloysia citriodora or Lippia citriodora), tropical perennial shrub belonging to the family Verbenaceae, originating in Argentina and Chile. Growing more than 3 metres (10 feet) high in warm climates, it is also grown as a potted plant reaching a height of about 25.4 cm (10 inches).

Harlem Globetrotters: …Tatum, Marques Haynes, Clarence Wilson, “Meadowlark” Lemon, Wilt “the Stilt” Chamberlain, Herb “Geese” Ausbie, and Lynette Woodard, the first woman to play for the team.

Harlem Globetrotters: …Tatum, Marques Haynes, Clarence Wilson, “Meadowlark” Lemon, Wilt “the Stilt” Chamberlain, Herb “Geese” Ausbie, and Lynette Woodard, the first woman to play for the team.

Harlem Globetrotters: …Tatum, Marques Haynes, Clarence Wilson, “Meadowlark” Lemon, Wilt “the Stilt” Chamberlain, Herb “Geese” Ausbie, and Lynette Woodard, the first woman to play for the team.

Harlem Globetrotters: …Tatum, Marques Haynes, Clarence Wilson, “Meadowlark” Lemon, Wilt “the Stilt” Chamberlain, Herb “Geese” Ausbie, and Lynette Woodard, the first woman to play for the team.

Clusiaceae: Waika plum, or lemon drop mangosteen (G. intermedia), native to Central America, has a small, oval, yellow fruit. There are about 250 species in the tropics, especially common in Indo-Malesia.

lemon: Lemonade, made with lemon, sugar, and water, is a popular warm-weather beverage, and the juice itself is commonly added to tea. Citric acid may amount to 5 percent or more by weight of the lemon’s juice, which is also rich in vitamin C and contains…

Kendrick Lamar: untitled unmastered., DAMN., and additional recordings: …from her popular 2016 album Lemonade.

Greg LeMond is an American bicycle racer who was the first non-European rider to win the Tour de France, the most celebrated and challenging event in cycling. In his career he won the Tour de France three times (1986, 1989, 1990) and twice won the World Road Race Championship (1983, 1989). As a

Greg LeMond is an American bicycle racer who was the first non-European rider to win the Tour de France, the most celebrated and challenging event in cycling. In his career he won the Tour de France three times (1986, 1989, 1990) and twice won the World Road Race Championship (1983, 1989). As a

lemongrass, (Cymbopogon citratus), perennial species of oil grass in the family Poaceae, often used in cooking. At a distance, clusters of lemongrass in their native habitat look deceptively plain. Long skinny leaves of an unassuming green fan out from the stem, yet they release at a single touch a

Gaultheria: Major species: Salal (G. shallon), or lemonleaf in the floral industry, is a diffuse slender shrub of the Pacific Northwest; it grows 0.3–1.8 metres (1–6 feet) tall and has dark purple edible fruits.

Camille Lemonnier was a novelist, short-story writer, and art critic, one of the outstanding personalities of the 19th-century French literary renaissance in Belgium. Lemonnier wrote his first outstanding novel, Un Mâle (1881; “A Male”), under the influence of the naturalism of Émile Zola. Like his

Camille Lemonnier was a novelist, short-story writer, and art critic, one of the outstanding personalities of the 19th-century French literary renaissance in Belgium. Lemonnier wrote his first outstanding novel, Un Mâle (1881; “A Male”), under the influence of the naturalism of Émile Zola. Like his

Daniel Handler: …contributed to the screenplay for Lemony Snicket’s A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004). He later adapted the novels for the Netflix show A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017–19), starring Neil Patrick Harris.