Meenakshi Amman Temple, temple complex in Madurai, Tamil Nadu state, India, said to originally date as far back as the 4th century CE but in its present form built in the 16th–17th centuries. According to Hindu legend, the god Shiva came to Madurai in the form of Sundareswarar to marry Meenakshi,

Meenakshi Amman Temple, temple complex in Madurai, Tamil Nadu state, India, said to originally date as far back as the 4th century CE but in its present form built in the 16th–17th centuries. According to Hindu legend, the god Shiva came to Madurai in the form of Sundareswarar to marry Meenakshi,

Fatima Meer was a South African antiapartheid and human rights activist, educator, and author. From the mid-20th century, she was one of the most prominent women political leaders in South Africa. Meer was the second of nine children in a liberal Islamic family. Her father, Moosa Meer, was the

Franz Grillparzer: …und der Liebe Wellen (1831; The Waves of Sea and Love), often judged to be Grillparzer’s greatest tragedy because of the degree of harmony achieved between content and form, marks a return to the classical theme in treating the story of Hero and Leander, which is, however, interpreted with a…

meerkat, (Suricata suricatta), burrowing member of the mongoose family (Herpestidae), found in southwestern Africa, that is unmistakably recognizable in its upright “sentinel” posture as it watches for predators. The meerkat is slender and has a pointed little face, tiny ears, and black eye

Strange Fruit: …by American author and songwriter Abel Meeropol and first recorded in 1939 by American jazz singer Billie Holiday. Meeropol wrote the poem that became “Strange Fruit” after seeing a horrifying photograph of the 1930 lynching of two Black teenagers in Marion, Indiana. “Southern trees bear strange fruit,” the first line…

Jean-André van der Meersch was a military leader of the Belgian revolt against Austrian rule in 1789. Meersch joined the French army in 1757 during the Seven Years’ War and rose to lieutenant colonel in 1761. He later served in the Austrian army and retired in 1779. In the 1789 revolt, which was

sepiolite, (German: “sea-foam”), a fibrous hydrated magnesium silicate, Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O, that is opaque and white, grey, or cream in colour. It may resemble the bones of the cuttlefish Sepia, from which the name derives. In the Black Sea region, where the light, porous clay mineral is abundant,

Lazare Meerson was a motion-picture set designer whose work transformed French set design. His studio-built street scenes and sets for Jacques Feyder and René Clair in the 1930s marked the beginning of the development of French poetic realism, a complete break from the expressionism and

Louis II: …Louis and Charles by the Treaty of Mersen (Meerssen), under which Louis received Friesland and an extremely large expansion of this territory west of the Rhine.

Meerut, city, northwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies in the Upper Ganges-Yamuna Doab, about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Delhi. The Meerut area has been inhabited since ancient times. It was the original location of one of the pillars erected by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the

carbonium ion: …later, however, that German chemist Hans Meerwein concluded that a neutral product (isobornyl chloride) was formed from a neutral reactant (camphene hydrochloride) by rearrangement involving a carbonium ion intermediate. This was the first conceptualization of a carbonium ion as an intermediate in an organic rearrangement reaction. The idea was generalized…

Leopold Godowsky, Jr.: …and, with the backing of C.E. Kenneth Mees of the Eastman Kodak Company in 1930, the two men moved to Rochester, New York, to work with assistants at the well-equipped Kodak Research Laboratories. On April 15, 1935, Kodachrome was announced as the earliest of the subtractive-colour films that proved to…

Ronald Reagan: The Iran-Contra Affair of Ronald Reagan: …that month by Attorney General Edwin Meese that a portion of the $48 million earned from the sales had been diverted to a secret fund to purchase weapons and supplies for the Contras in Nicaragua. The diversion was undertaken by an obscure NSC aide, U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Oliver…

Nikki Grimes: The collection comprises Meet Danitra Brown (1994), Danitra Brown Leaves Town (2002), and Danitra Brown, Class Clown (2005). Grimes won the Coretta Scott King Author Award for Bronx Masquerade (2002), a novel written in the voices of 18 teenagers who participate in classroom poetry slams. Other works of…

Shelley Winters: …Cry of the City (1948), Meet Danny Wilson (1952), and The Night of the Hunter (1955). Winters then returned to New York City, where she joined the Actors Studio and starred in A Hatful of Rain on Broadway. She thereafter split her time between stage, motion picture, and television appearances.

Marcia Gay Harden: …well as in the drama Meet Joe Black (1998), loosely based on Death Takes a Holiday (1934), and in Clint Eastwood’s adventure movie Space Cowboys (2000). Harden’s performance as the gifted artist Lee Krasner, wife of Abstract Expressionist Jackson Pollock, in the biopic

Meet John Doe, American comedy drama film, released in 1941, that was director Frank Capra’s exploration of ambition, greed, and the U.S. political system. After being fired, opportunistic newspaper columnist Anne Mitchell (played by Barbara Stanwyck) pens a fake letter by “John Doe,” who threatens

Dana Gioia: (2012); 99 Poems (2016); and Meet Me at the Lighthouse (2023).

Meet Me in St. Louis, American musical film, released in 1944, that provided Judy Garland with one of the best roles of her career, as well as several of her signature songs. The film, set in St. Louis, Mo., follows the Smith family in the days leading up to the 1904 World’s Fair. The two eldest

Tyler Perry: …a play (2004) and a film (2008); and For Better or Worse (2011–17), which centred on characters from Why Did I Get Married? and its sequel. The latter series was picked up by Oprah Winfrey’s OWN channel in its third season following its cancellation by TBS. Perry created several additional…

Tyler Perry: … (2009–11), which evolved from a play (2004) and a film (2008); and For Better or Worse (2011–17), which centred on characters from Why Did I Get Married? and its sequel. The latter series was picked up by Oprah Winfrey’s OWN channel in its third season following its cancellation by TBS.…

Tyler Perry: …of Payne (2006–12; 2020– ); Meet the Browns (2009–11), which evolved from a play (2004) and a film (2008); and For Better or Worse (2011–17), which centred on characters from Why Did I Get Married? and its sequel. The latter series was picked up by Oprah Winfrey’s OWN channel in…

History of film: Australia, New Zealand, and Canada: …horror comedies Bad Taste (1987), Meet the Feebles (1990), Braindead (1992; released in the United States as Dead Alive), and The Frighteners (1996), along with an impressive art film about a 1950s murder case, Heavenly Creatures (1994). He directed one of the most extensive projects in Hollywood’s history, an adaptation…

Robert De Niro: Comedies and later work: …Parents (2000) and its sequels, Meet the Fockers (2004) and Little Fockers (2010). In 2008 De Niro reteamed with Pacino in the police drama Righteous Kill, and the following year he starred in Everybody’s Fine, portraying a widower who discovers various truths about his adult children. He later took supporting…

Robert De Niro: Comedies and later work: …sequel, Analyze That (2002); and Meet the Parents (2000) and its sequels, Meet the Fockers (2004) and Little Fockers (2010). In 2008 De Niro reteamed with Pacino in the police drama Righteous Kill, and the following year he starred in Everybody’s Fine, portraying a widower who discovers various truths about…

Tom Brokaw: …NBC’s long-running political commentary program Meet the Press after the death of host Tim Russert. The Brokaw Files, in which Brokaw reflected on some of the news stories he had covered, aired on cable in 2013. After 55 years at NBC News, Brokaw retired in 2021.

Meitei, dominant population of Manipur, in northeastern India, concentrated mostly around the Imphal valley. Besides Manipur and other northeastern states, Meiteis have also settled in Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh. More than 80 percent of present-day Meiteis are followers of Vaishnavism, a form

Manipuri language, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken predominantly in Manipur, a northeastern state of India. Smaller speech communities exist in the Indian states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura, as well as in Bangladesh and Myanmar (Burma). There are approximately 1.5 million speakers of Manipuri,

MoMA PS1: …works, such as James Turrell’s Meeting (1986), a conceptual skylight designed to enhance the colours of the sky at dusk, are part of the building itself. In addition to displaying contemporary paintings, sculptures, and photographs, the art centre exhibits video, sound, and mixed-media works.

novel: Epistolary: and Christopher Isherwood’s Meeting by the River (1967), which has a profoundly serious theme of religious conversion, seems to fail because of the excessive informality and chattiness of the letters in which the story is told. The 20th century’s substitute for the long letter is the transcribed tape…

Werner Herzog: In Meeting Gorbachev (2018; codirected with Andre Singer), he chronicled the life of the former president of the Soviet Union. Nomad: In the Footsteps of Bruce Chatwin (2019) centres on the British author who was known for such travel writings as In Patagonia (1977). Herzog later…

Alessandro Algardi: …colossal marble relief of the Meeting of Attila and Pope Leo in St. Peter’s (1646–53), which influenced the development and popularization of illusionistic reliefs. Although he was generally less theatrical than Bernini, Algardi in this work effectively created a larger than life-size narrative whose principal events are dramatically conveyed. With…

insurance: Contract law: The requirement of meeting of minds is met when a valid offer is made by one party and accepted by another. The offer is generally made on a written application for insurance. In the field of property and liability insurance, the agent generally has the right to accept…

Steve Allen: His final successful series, Meeting of Minds, debuted on PBS in 1977. The show featured actors as prominent historical figures in a simulated talk-show format; Allen later stated that it was the show of which he was most proud.

Matthias Grünewald: …his most luxurious works, portraying The Meeting of SS. Erasmus and Maurice (Erasmus is actually a portrait of Albrecht). This work exhibits the theme of religious discussion or debate, so important to this period of German art and history. In this painting, as well as in the late, two-sided panel…

Paul Muldoon: Poetry: …many collections include Mules (1977), Meeting the British (1987), Madoc: A Mystery (1990), The Annals of Chile (1994), New Selected Poems, 1968–94 (1996), Hay (1998), Poems 1968–1998 (2001), Plan B (2009, a collaboration with the photographer Norman McBeath), Maggot (2010), The Word on the Street: Rock Lyrics (2013),

Frederik Pohl: …short story for both “The Meeting” (1973, written with Kornbluth) and “Fermi and Frost” (1986), and for best fan writer for his blog The Way the Future Blogs (2010).

Oceanic art and architecture: Aesthetics: …especially in the building of meetinghouses, with their powerful ancestral associations, could be fatal. Awe and fear are understandable emotions in such circumstances.

Bombing of Tokyo, (March 9–10, 1945), firebombing raid (codenamed “Operation Meetinghouse”) by the United States on the capital of Japan during the final stages of World War II, often cited as one of the most destructive acts of war in history, more destructive than the bombing of Dresden,

John Banville: Fiction: Mefisto (1986) is written from the point of view of a character obsessed with numbers.

Arrigo Boito: …composer acclaimed for his opera Mefistofele (1868; for which he composed both libretto and music) and his librettos after William Shakespeare for Giuseppe Verdi’s Otello (1887) and Falstaff (1893).

malaria: Treatment: of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, mefloquine, primaquine, and artemisinin—the latter a derivative of Artemisia annua, a type of wormwood whose dried leaves have been used against malarial fevers since ancient times in China. All of these drugs destroy the malarial parasites while they are living inside red blood cells. For…

magnetoencephalography (MEG), imaging technique that measures the weak magnetic fields emitted by neurons. An array of cylinder-shaped sensors monitors the magnetic field pattern near the patient’s head to determine the position and strength of activity in various regions of the brain. In contrast

Maurice Gee: …story through the 1980s, are Meg (1981) and Sole Survivor (1983).

Jason Statham: Acting career: …also appeared in the sequel, Meg 2: The Trench (2023). In 2021 Statham reunited with Guy Ritchie for Wrath of Man, portraying an armored-truck driver with a mysterious past. The director and actor also teamed up for the action comedy Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre (2023), about the hunt to…

Endre Ady: …published another volume of poetry, Még egyszer, in which signs of his exceptional talent could be seen. With his next book, Uj versek (1906; “New Poems”), he burst into Hungarian literary life. Poetry in Hungary had been dormant at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th…

Jason Statham: Acting career: …his diving days, starring in The Meg, a sci-fi horror film about a submarine crew attacked by a monstrous prehistoric shark. He also appeared in the sequel, Meg 2: The Trench (2023). In 2021 Statham reunited with Guy Ritchie for Wrath of Man, portraying an armored-truck driver with a mysterious…

Bengkulu: …also includes the islands of Mega and Enggano in the Indian Ocean. The capital is Bengkulu city.

Chad Basin: …larger ancient sea, sometimes called Mega-Chad, that formerly occupied it. At its maximum extent the sea was more than 600 feet (180 metres) deep, occupied an area of approximately 154,400 square miles (400,000 square km), and drained into the Atlantic Ocean through the Benue River system. It experienced four high…

sand dune: Dune and sheet patterns: …very large dunes known as compound dunes, mega-dunes, or draa. These are sometimes arranged parallel to the apparent flow, in long ridges, and occasionally transverse to it in great sand waves. The compound dunes are usually covered with a smaller, secondary dune pattern, and the smaller dunes with ordinary sand…

byte: …= 210), and thus one megabyte (MB) was 1,024 × 1,024 bytes and so on. However, with some notable exceptions such as the Microsoft Windows operating system, the computer industry has switched over to decimal prefixes, in which prefixes denote a thousandfold increase in bytes.

Megabyzus was one of the greatest generals of the ancient Achaemenid Empire of Persia. He was the son of Zopyrus and the brother-in-law of King Xerxes I. Sent to quell an uprising in Babylon (482), Megabyzus quickly seized and devastated the city, carrying off the huge gold statue of Bel-Marduk. By

breast cancer: Treatment: …to stimulate tumor growth, and Megace (megestrol) blocks the action of progesterone by partially mimicking the hormone. Herceptin is a manufactured antibody that binds to growth factor receptors on the surface of cancer cells and thereby blocks cell proliferation. Letrozole is used to inhibit the synthesis of estrogen in postmenopausal…

fallow deer: …the sole survivors of the Megacerines, a diverse deer lineage that was widespread and abundant early in the Ice Ages. (Their most famous member was the extinct Irish elk.) Fallow bucks carry flat antlers that are the largest among Old World deer and are the largest relative to their body…

kingfisher: …are river dwellers, like the belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon), the only widespread North American species. This handsome crested bird flies off over the water when disturbed, uttering a loud rattling call. It is about 30 cm (12 inches) long and is bluish gray above and across the breast and white…

megamouth shark, (Megachasma pelagios), species of large filter-feeding sharks inhabiting the continental shelf and open-ocean regions of tropical and temperate oceans worldwide. The species is found between latitudes 40° N and 40° S from just below the surface to depths of as much as 1,500 meters

chondrichthyan: Annotated classification: Family Megachasmidae (megamouth sharks) Blunt head and very wide mouth. Filter feeder in deep waters to waters as shallow as 5 metres (about 16 feet). Length to 5.5 metres (18 feet) long. First discovered in 1976; only a few dozen specimens have been caught.1 species (Megachasma…

leaf-cutter bee, (family Megachilidae), any of a group of bees (order Hymenoptera), particularly genus Megachile, that differ from most other bees in that they collect pollen on their abdomens rather than on their hind legs. The solitary female, after mating, makes a nest in soil, a hollow plant

bat: Annotated classification: Suborder Megachiroptera Family Pteropodidae (flying foxes and other Old World fruit bats) 186 generally large species in 42 fruit- or flower-feeding genera found in the Old World tropics and subtropics, including many Pacific islands. Lack acoustic orientation except rousette bats (Rousettus

megachurch, any Protestant church with a large congregation, typically defined as drawing at least 2,000 attendees per week. Though churches of this size, and larger, have existed throughout history, most researchers consider megachurches to be a relatively new phenomenon. They can be distinguished

megacity, a major city whose total metropolitan area contains a population of more than 10 million inhabitants. They are characterized by their large geographic footprint and are found on all continents except Australia and Antarctica, extending across a broad range of environmental, cultural,

Alcmaeonid Family: …of one of its members, Megacles (632? bc), a certain Cylon failed in an attempt to make himself tyrant, and his followers were slain at an altar sanctuary. Accused of sacrilege and murder, the Alcmaeonids incurred the bloodguilt that was to be used against them in political struggles for more…

Megacles was the leader of one of the parties that struggled for control of Athens during the period between the archonship of Solon and the establishment of Peisistratus’ tyranny. Megacles was grandson to that Megacles who directed the slaughter of Cylon and his supporters on the Acropolis (612

megacolon, massive enlargement and dilation of the large intestine (colon). The two main types of the syndrome are congenital megacolon, or Hirschsprung disease, and acquired megacolon. In congenital megacolon, the lowermost portion of the large intestine is congenitally lacking in normal nerve

megaconstellation, group of many satellites that work together for the purpose of delivering broadband Internet access. Megaconstellations can comprise hundreds or even thousands of satellites. The first megaconstellation satellites were launched in 2019, and, as of 2023, more than half of active

long-horned beetle: Another cerambycid is the locust borer (Megacyllene robiniae), which is black with yellow stripes across the body. Female locust borers lay their eggs in black locust trees. After the larvae hatch, they bore into the inner bark of the tree, creating tunnels and leaving the tree susceptible to damaging…

bat: Annotated classification: Family Megadermatidae (false vampire bats) 5 moderately large species in 4 genera of Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia. External ears very large and fused across midline; nose leaf large with truncated end; eyes relatively large; wings broad; interfemoral membrane well developed and supported distally by…

Megadeth, American heavy metal band whose signature sound combines complex musical arrangements, sharp instrumental skills, aggressive vocals, and fast tempos, lending its music the name “speed metal.” The group rose to prominence in the 1980s as one of the “Big Four” thrash metal bands along with

human nutrition: Vitamins: Under certain circumstances, pharmacological (“megadose”) levels of some vitamins—many times higher than the amount typically found in food—have accepted medical uses. Niacin, for example, is used to lower blood cholesterol levels; vitamin D is used to treat psoriasis; and pharmacological derivatives of vitamin A are used to treat acne…

penguin: Classification: Genus Megadyptes (yellow-eyed penguin) 1 species.

yellow-eyed penguin, (Megadyptes antipodes), the only species of penguin (order Sphenisciformes) belonging to the genus Megadyptes and the only one characterized by pale yellow eyes, yellow eyebands, and yellow feathers that cover the upper part of the head. The geographic range of the species is

food preservation: Food irradiation: …a larger unit such as megaelectron volt (MeV), which is equal to one million electron volts.

Furies: …Tisiphone (“Avenger of Murder”), and Megaera (“Jealous”). They lived in the underworld and ascended to earth to pursue the wicked. Being deities of the underworld, they were often identified with spirits of the fertility of the earth. Because the Greeks feared to utter the dreaded name Erinyes, the goddesses were…

Pleistocene Epoch: Megafaunal extinctions: The end of the Pleistocene was marked by the extinction of many genera of large mammals, including mammoths, mastodons, ground sloths, and giant beavers. The extinction event is most distinct in North America, where 32 genera of large mammals vanished during an interval…

megafauna, in soil science, animals such as earthworms and small vertebrates (e.g., moles, mice, hares, rabbits, gophers, snakes, and lizards). The food habits of soil megafauna vary; earthworms ingest both soil and organic matter, but most of the vertebrates feed on plant material, invertebrates,

ice jam: Ice jams and prehistoric megafloods: Some glacial valleys, as well as large upland areas, were sites of major catastrophic floods that resulted from the sudden drainage of proglacial and subglacial lakes. Such floods are known as jökulhlaups, an Icelandic term for subglacial lake outbursts. The largest and best-known floods…

biogeographic region: Fauna: Wallace recognized three realms: Megagaea or Arcotogaea, which includes Africa, Eurasia, and North America; Notogaea, including Australia, Oceania, and New Zealand; and Neogaea, including Central and South America. His divisions, although modified, form the basis of the realms recognized today (Figure 2).

angiosperm: Ovules: This development (called megagametogenesis) involves free-nuclear mitotic divisions. The cell wall remains intact while the nucleus divides until the megagametophyte, or embryo sac, is formed. The embryo sac typically has eight nuclei. Free-nuclear mitotic division is also found in gametophyte formation in gymnosperms.

angiosperm: General features: ) An eight-celled megagametophyte called the embryo sac produces the egg. (The prefix mega- denotes gametophytes emanating from female reproductive organs.)

human nutrition: Calories and kilocalories: energy supply: …kilojoule = 103 joules) or megajoules (1 megajoule = 106 joules). One kilocalorie is equivalent to 4.184 kilojoules.

blood: Platelets (thrombocytes): …nucleus) of cells known as megakaryocytes, the largest cells of the marrow. Within the marrow the abundant granular cytoplasm of the megakaryocyte divides into many small segments that break off and are released as platelets into the circulating blood. After about 10 days in the circulation, platelets are removed and…

lemur: Lemur diversity: …at least 25 species of sportive lemurs (family Lepilemuridae) that live throughout Madagascar in both rainforests and dry forests. They are solitary and nocturnal, feeding on leaves and flowers, which are digested in their enormous cecum with the aid of bacteria. Bacterial fermentation enables energy to be extracted from the…

barbet: Some species, such as the coppersmith (Megalaima haemacephala) of Asia and the African tinkerbirds of the genus Pogoniulus, are noted for their ringing calls. Maddeningly vocal or repetitious species are sometimes called brain-fever birds.

Magna Graecia, group of ancient Greek cities along the coast of southern Italy; the people of this region were known to the Greeks as Italiotai and to the Romans as Graeci. The site of extensive trade and commerce, Magna Graecia was the seat of the Pythagorean and Eleatic systems of philosophy.

kangaroo: Descriptions of selected species: …of the same size, the red kangaroo (M. rufus) actually uses less energy at 10.1 km/hr than at 6.5 and less still at higher speeds. This seems to be related to the storage of elastic strain energy in its tendons and muscles. In addition, the heavy tail swings downward as…

cephalic disorder: Megalencephaly: Megalencephaly, or macrencephaly, is characterized by a large and heavy brain, abnormally so for the child’s sex and weight for age (usually a brain weight greater than 2.5 standard deviations over the mean). The condition appears to be associated with defects in the mechanisms…

ludi scaenici: …the characteristic feature of the Megalensia, or Megalesia, the festival of the goddess Cybele (established in 204 bc). They originally included serious dramas but later, under the Roman Empire, were almost wholly devoted to farces and pantomime. The Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games) were celebrated only once in a century.

Theódoros Dhiliyiánnis: …Dhiliyiánnis, a supporter of the Great Idea (Megáli Idéa) that promised the liberation of all Greeks under Turkish rule and even the recovery of Constantinople (Istanbul), occupied himself primarily with an aggressive foreign policy and organized his followers into the conservative Nationalist Party, in opposition to Trikoúpis’ Liberal Party. In…

Lake Prespa, lake situated on the North Macedonia–Albania–Greece frontier, with an elevation of 2,800 feet (853 metres) above sea level and an area of 106 square miles (274 square km). Fed by underground streams, it is linked by subterranean channels with Lake Ohrid. Most of Lake Prespa is in North

echidna: Classification, evolution, and paleontology: Most fossil echidnas (genus Megalibgwilia) of recent epochs represent a type intermediate between today’s short- and long-beaked families.

megalith, huge, often undressed stone used in various types of Neolithic (New Stone Age) and Early Bronze Age monuments. Although some aspects of the spread and development of megalithic monuments are still under debate, in Spain, Portugal, and the Mediterranean coast the most ancient of the

urogenital malformation: Megalo-ureter, a disorder in which the passage carrying urine from kidney to bladder is enlarged, sometimes to the size of the small intestine. The cause is usually obstruction of the ureter, bladder, or urethra, which must be treated to avoid kidney damage.

blood disease: Megaloblastic anemias: …nucleated red cells known as megaloblasts, develops as the result of dietary deficiency of, faulty absorption of, or increased demands for vitamin B12 or folic acid. When such a vitamin deficiency occurs, bone marrow activity is seriously impaired; marrow cells proliferate but do not mature properly, and erythropoiesis becomes largely…

blood disease: Megaloblastic anemias: Megaloblastic anemia, the production in the bone marrow of abnormal nucleated red cells known as megaloblasts, develops as the result of dietary deficiency of, faulty absorption of, or increased demands for vitamin B12 or folic acid. When such a vitamin deficiency occurs, bone…

orthopteran: General features: …mature, whereas a species of Megaloblatta found in South America reaches 10 centimetres in length with a wing span of almost 19 centimetres.

Irish elk, (Megaloceros giganteus), extinct species of deer, characterized by immense body size and wide antlers, commonly found as fossils in Pleistocene deposits in Europe and Asia (the Pleistocene Epoch began 2.6 million years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago). Despite its distribution

iridovirus: Ranavirus, and Megalocytivirus. Type species of the family include invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (Iridovirus), which infects insects; lymphocystis disease virus 1 (Lymphocystivirus), which infects fish; and frog virus 3 (Ranavirus), which infects amphibians.

megalodon, (Carcharocles megalodon), member of an extinct species of megatooth shark (Otodontidae) that is considered to be the largest shark, as well as the largest fish, that ever lived. Fossils attributed to megalodon have been found dating from the early Miocene Epoch (which began 23.03 million

Hymenoptera: Annotated classification: Superfamily Megalodontoidea (primitive sawflies) A rather scarce group. Family Xyelidae (xyelid sawflies) Mostly less than 10 mm long; ovipositor long to very long; larvae feed on hickory, on elm, and on pine flowers. Family Pamphiliidae (web-spinning and leaf-rolling sawflies)