Italian literature: Other writings: …Italy’s rapid postwar industrialization (Memoriale [1962], La macchina mondiale [1965; The Worldwide Machine], and Corporale [1974]). Leonardo Sciascia’s sphere is his native Sicily, whose present and past he displays with concerned and scholarly insight, with two of his better-known books—in the format of thrillers—covering the sinister operations of the…

Walter Of Coventry: …best known for his collection Memoriale Fratris Walteri de Coventria. He probably belonged to a religious house in the diocese of York.

Enrique Flórez: …methods of writing history; the Memorias de las reynas católicas (1761; “Memoirs of the Catholic Queens”), a genealogical account of Catholic queens in the Castilian line from the Goths until the reign of Charles III; and several memoranda on the conservation of books and publication of ancient manuscripts.

Brazilian literature: Nationalism and Romanticism: …um sargento de milícias (1852–53; Memoirs of a Militia Sergeant). Because it conveys a fanciful tone contrary to the reigning Romantic ideology, this novel of popular humour and folkloric realism is not a “true” Romantic or realist novel. With its description of the marginal figure rather than the dominant class…

Pío Baroja: …the most ambitious project was Memorias de un hombre de acción (1913–28; “Memoirs of a Man of Action”), a series of 14 novels and 8 volumes of shorter narratives dealing with a 19th-century insurgent and his era. One of his best novels, Zalacaín el aventurero (1909), is written in an…

Brazilian literature: Emergence of the republic: …of the Brazilian novel with Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas (1881; “The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas”; Eng. trans. Epitaph of a Small Winner), the capricious upper-class cynical and intrusive narrator of which speaks from the grave, and with Dom Casmurro (1899; Eng. trans. Dom Casmurro), a fictional autobiography by…

Lorenzo Da Ponte: His four-volume Memorie (1823–27; Memoirs of Lorenzo Da Ponte), although mainly concerned with portraying the author as a victim of fate and enemies, is valuable for its portrait of early 19th-century America.

Carlo, Conte Gozzi: …immodest, autobiography, Memorie inutili (1797; The Memoirs of Carlo Gozzi).

Dean Martin: …as “That’s Amore” (1953), “Memories Are Made of This” (1955), and “Everybody Loves Somebody” (1964). Simultaneously, he kept his acting career alive, beginning with the World War II drama The Young Lions (1958), in which he starred with Marlon Brando and Montgomery Clift. That same year he released another…

Memories of a Catholic Girlhood, autobiography of Mary McCarthy, published in 1957. McCarthy wrote about her troubled childhood with detachment. Wanting to prove herself a “superior girl,” McCarthy strove in her formative years for intellectual distinction. Critics found Memories more searching and

Henry Winkler: Typecasting and shift to directing and producing: …directing, notably helming the movies Memories of Me (1988), starring Billy Crystal, and Cop and a Half (1993), featuring Burt Reynolds.

Lajos Kossuth: Exile. of Lajos Kossuth: …in English in 1880 as Memories of My Exile. It mainly concerns his activities in 1859–61 and contains valuable material on his interviews with Napoleon III, his dealings with the Italian statesman Cavour, and his correspondence with the Balkan courts in connection with his plans for a Danubian federation.

Sarah Bernhardt: International success: …to disentangle in her autobiography, Ma Double Vie: mémoires de Sarah Bernhardt (1907; My Double Life: Memoirs of Sarah Bernhardt, also translated as Memories of My Life). Bernhardt’s treatise on acting, L’Art du théâtre (1923; The Art of the Theatre), is revealing in its sections on voice training: the actress…

Gabriel García Márquez: Works: …de mis putas tristes (2004; Memories of My Melancholy Whores), a novel about a lonely man who finally discovers the meaning of love when he hires a virginal prostitute to celebrate his 90th birthday. Several of García Márquez’s works have been adapted for film and television; notably, Love in the…

John Updike: Updike set Memories of the Ford Administration: A Novel (1992) in the 1970s, infusing the tale of a professor’s research on President James Buchanan with observations on sexuality. In the Beauty of the Lilies (1996) draws parallels between religion and popular obsession with cinema, while Gertrude and…

Tomás Gutiérrez Alea: …Death of a Bureaucrat (1966), Memories of Underdevelopment (1968), The Survivors (1979), and Strawberry and Chocolate (1993). He is regarded as the finest director Cuba has produced.

Robert Lowell: Lord Weary’s Castle, first Pulitzer, and service as poet laureate: …as does in greater detail “Memories of West Street and Lepke” in Life Studies. His first volume of poems, Land of Unlikeness (1944), deals with a world in crisis and the hunger for spiritual security. Lord Weary’s Castle, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1947, exhibits greater variety and command.…

Eubie Blake: Memories of You: …featuring the classic melody “Memories of You” (with lyrics by Andy Razaf), which became a hit for many popular performers (including clarinetist and bandleader Benny Goodman) and found a place in the so-called Great American Songbook of popular-music standards.

computer memory, device that is used to store data or programs (sequences of instructions) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in an electronic digital computer. Computers represent information in binary code, written as sequences of 0s and 1s. Each binary digit (or “bit”) may be stored by

memory, the encoding, storage, and retrieval in the human mind of past experiences. That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Memory is both a result of and an influence on perception, attention, and learning.

Hermann Ebbinghaus: …in Über das Gedächtnis (1885; Memory).

Paul McCartney: Wings and solo career: …Creation in the Backyard (2005), Memory Almost Full (2007), New (2013), and Egypt Station, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart in September 2018.

immune system: Activation of T and B lymphocytes: …by clonal selection—effector cells and memory cells. Effector cells are the relatively short-lived activated cells that defend the body in an immune response. Effector B cells are called plasma cells and secrete antibodies, and activated T cells include cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, which carry out cell-mediated responses.

Joseph Cornell: …(Soap Bubble Set), his first shadow box of the type for which he became best known. Cornell’s shadow boxes—or “memory boxes” or “poetic theatres,” as he called them—took the form of glass-fronted boxes containing found objects and collaged elements arranged in enigmatic, often poetic, juxtaposition. Recurrent themes and motifs included…

cache memory, supplementary memory system that temporarily stores frequently used instructions and data for quicker processing by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. The cache augments, and is an extension of, a computer’s main memory. Both main memory and cache are internal

personal identity: Traditional criticisms: …that personal identity consists of continuity of memory. A person’s life can be conceived as consisting of a series of momentary “person stages.” In order for the old general to be identical with the small boy, it is not required that the general remember experiences and actions of the boy…

memory disorder, any of various conditions, including certain diseases, that affect the ability to remember. Disorders of memory must have been known to the ancients and are mentioned in several early medical texts, but it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that serious attempts

false memory syndrome, the experience, usually in the context of adult psychotherapy, of seeming to remember events that never actually occurred. These pseudomemories are often quite vivid and emotionally charged, especially those representing acts of abuse or violence committed against the subject

battery: Alkaline storage batteries: …cells may exhibit a so-called memory effect, in which they behave as if they had lower capacity than was built into the battery pack. Larger nickel-cadmium batteries are used for starting aircraft engines and in emergency power systems. They also have found application in other backup power systems where very…

computer memory: Memory hierarchy: Although the main/auxiliary memory distinction is broadly useful, memory organization in a computer forms a hierarchy of levels, arranged from very small, fast, and expensive registers in the CPU to small, fast cache memory; larger DRAM; very large hard disks; and slow and…

Janelle Monáe: Identity and The Memory Librarian and Other Stories of Dirty Computer: …literary debut, the short-story collection The Memory Librarian and Other Stories of Dirty Computer (2022).

Abdulrazak Gurnah: Novels: His first novel, Memory of Departure (1987), was initially completed about 1973, but he was unable to find a publisher for it for 12 years and revised it continually during that time. The story, set in coastal East Africa, is told from the perspective of 15-year-old Hassan, who…

Henri Dunant: …Un Souvenir de Solférino (1862; A Memory of Solferino), he proposed the formation in all countries of voluntary relief societies for the prevention and alleviation of suffering in war and peacetime, without distinction of race or creed; he also proposed an international agreement covering the war wounded. In 1863 he…

Arthur Miller: A Memory of Two Mondays and another short play, A View from the Bridge, about an Italian-American longshoreman whose passion for his niece destroys him, were staged on the same bill in 1955. (A year later A View from the Bridge was performed in a…

radiation measurement: Memory phosphors: A memory phosphor consists of a thin layer of material with properties that resemble those of TLD crystals in the sense that charges created by incident radiation remain trapped for an indefinite period of time. The material is formed as a screen covering…

Maurice Gee: Gee later published the memoir Memory Pieces (2018).

memristor, one of the four fundamental passive electrical components (those that do not produce energy), the others being the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor. The memristor, which is a nonlinear component with properties that cannot be replicated with any combination of the other

USB flash drive, small portable data storage device that uses flash memory and has an integrated universal serial bus (USB) interface. Most flash drives have between 2 and 64 gigabytes (GB) of memory, but some drives can store as much as 2 terabytes (TB). A flash drive consists of a small printed

lymphocyte: Types and functions of lymphocytes: …cytotoxic T cells or become memory T cells. They are then seeded to peripheral tissues or circulate in the blood or lymphatic system. Once stimulated by the appropriate antigen, helper T cells secrete chemical messengers called cytokines, which stimulate the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, thereby promoting antibody…

hallucination: The nature of hallucinations: >engrams. Ideas and images are held to derive from the incorporation and activation of these engrams in complex circuits involving nerve cells. Such circuits in the cortex (outer layers) of the brain appear to subserve the neurophysiology of memory, thought, imagination, and fantasy

computer memory, device that is used to store data or programs (sequences of instructions) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in an electronic digital computer. Computers represent information in binary code, written as sequences of 0s and 1s. Each binary digit (or “bit”) may be stored by

123Movies, defunct movie and television show streaming website that enabled users to watch and download media for free in the 2010s. The site operated under numerous domain names during its existence, including 123movies.to, 0123movies.net, and 123movies.la, and went by several names, including

Memphis, city and capital of ancient Egypt and an important centre during much of Egyptian history. Memphis is located south of the Nile River delta, on the west bank of the river, and about 15 miles (24 km) south of modern Cairo. Closely associated with the ancient city’s site are the cemeteries,

Memphis, city, seat (1819) of Shelby county, extreme southwestern Tennessee, U.S. It lies on the Chickasaw bluffs above the Mississippi River where the borders of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee meet. Memphis is Tennessee’s most populous city and is at the center of the state’s second largest

Having made an enormous impact in the 1950s, Sam Phillips and Sun Records largely faded away by 1960, but other labels and studios kept Memphis, Tenn., on the musical map. Joe Cuoghi’s Hi Records label had several instrumental hits from 1959 through 1962 with the combo led by Elvis Presley’s bass

Harry Connick, Jr.: …made his film debut in Memphis Belle. He later portrayed such diverse characters as a lonely little boy’s grown-up friend in Little Man Tate (1991), a serial killer in Copycat (1995), a hotshot fighter pilot in Independence Day (1996), and a doctor in Dolphin Tale (2011) and Dolphin Tale 2

blues: History and notable musicians: Handy’s composition “Memphis Blues” was published. It became very popular, and thereafter many other Tin Pan Alley songs entitled blues began to appear.

The Commercial Appeal, morning daily newspaper published in Memphis, Tenn., and one of the leading daily papers of the Mid-South in the United States. Founded in 1840 by Henry van Pelt as a two-page sheet called The Western World and the Memphis Banner of the Constitution, it was shortly renamed

Ida B. Wells-Barnett: …buying an interest in the Memphis Free Speech.

Memphis Grizzlies, American professional basketball team based in Memphis, Tennessee, that plays in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Grizzlies played their first game in 1995 and were originally based in Vancouver as one of the two Canadian expansion

airport: Evolution of airports: The Memphis (Tennessee) International Airport, the home airport of the FedEx Corporation’s cargo service, and the Hong Kong International Airport are the world’s largest cargo shippers, each of which handled nearly four million tons in 2007. In order to meet the increasing demand for air travel,…

Memphis massacre of 1866, in the U.S. post-Civil War period, a brutal and unprovoked attack by a white mob on Black residents of Memphis, Tennessee, occurring a little more than a year after the Confederate surrender. Acting over several days, from May 1 to 3, the mob murdered 46 African Americans

blues: History and notable musicians: In the 1920s and ’30s Memphis Minnie, Tampa Red, Big Bill Broonzy, and Sonny Boy Williamson were popular Chicago performers. After World War II they were supplanted by a new generation of bluesmen that included Muddy Waters,

Memphis sanitation workers’ strike, 64-day labor conflict in the winter and spring of 1968 that brought Martin Luther King, Jr., to Memphis, Tennessee. The striking workers sought higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form a union. At the height of the conflict, King, members of

Reggie White: …United States Football League (USFL) Memphis Showboats, where he had 11 sacks and was named to the all-rookie team. After two seasons in the USFL, he was acquired in the NFL supplemental draft by the Philadelphia Eagles, for which he played from 1985 to 1992. In 1987 he recorded 21…

Booker T. and the MG’s: …(for “Memphis Group”) brought the Memphis Sound to millions worldwide. When “Green Onions” became a million-selling hit in 1962, Jones was only 18. Already a veteran of the Memphis scene, he brought together Cropper (who practically resided at Stax Records), Jackson, and Dunn. United by a passion for soul music,…

University of Memphis, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. It is part of the State University and Community College System of Tennessee and offers a comprehensive selection of undergraduate, graduate, and professional degree programs. The university

Adolph Rupp: …as president of the professional Memphis Tams in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and as the vice chairman of the board of directors of the ABA’s Kentucky Colonels. Rupp was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1969. Throughout his life in Kentucky he engaged in cattle breeding and…

Charles Ellet: …of nine rams in the Battle of Memphis on June 6, 1862. Union forces were victorious, but Ellet was mortally wounded.

University of Memphis, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. It is part of the State University and Community College System of Tennessee and offers a comprehensive selection of undergraduate, graduate, and professional degree programs. The university

Memphis: Foundation and Early Dynastic Period: …document known as the “Memphite Theology,” Ptah created humans through the power of his heart and speech; the concept, having been shaped in the heart of the creator, was brought into existence through the divine utterance itself. In its freedom from the conventional physical analogies of the creative act…

Ptah: …he was one of the Memphite Triad of deities. He was represented as a man in mummy form, wearing a skullcap and a short, straight false beard. As a mortuary god, Ptah was often fused with Seker (or Soker) and Osiris to form Ptah-Seker-Osiris. The sacred bull Apis had his…

Lake Memphremagog, elongated finger lake that crosses the United States–Canadian border 5 miles (8 km) north of Newport, Vermont, U.S. Extending about 27 miles (43 km) from Newport to Magog, Quebec, Canada, the lake forms a small part of the northern boundary of Vermont. It is only 1–2 miles (1.5–3

memristor, one of the four fundamental passive electrical components (those that do not produce energy), the others being the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor. The memristor, which is a nonlinear component with properties that cannot be replicated with any combination of the other

microelectromechanical system (MEMS), mechanical parts and electronic circuits combined to form miniature devices, typically on a semiconductor chip, with dimensions from tens of micrometres to a few hundred micrometres (millionths of a metre). Common applications for MEMS include sensors,

adultery: … spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. The Jewish, Islamic, and Christian traditions are all unequivocal in their condemnation of adultery. The culpability of both men and women is more explicitly expressed in the New Testament and the Talmud than in the Old Testament or the Qurʾān.…

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), any of a group of rare hereditary disorders in which tumours occur in multiple glands of the endocrine system. MEN is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, meaning that the defect can occur in males and females, and, statistically, half the children of an

Men, moon god worshiped widely in Asia Minor during Roman times and also in Attica from the 3rd century bc. Little is known of his origin, but he may have been connected with the Persian moon god Mao. His name was usually written together with a cult title, often an adjective denoting a locality,

Mary Gordon: …Gordon (2006) and the novels Men and Angels (1985), The Other Side (1989), Spending (1998), Pearl (2005), The Love of My Youth (2011), There Your Heart Lies (2017), and Payback (2020). The Rest of Life (1993) and

Janet Flanner: …her essays were collected in Men and Monuments (1957), Paris Journal, 1944–1965 (1965), Paris Journal, 1965–1971 (1971), Paris Was Yesterday, 1925–1939 (1972), London Was Yesterday, 1934–1939 (1975), and Janet Flanner’s World: Uncollected Writings 1932–1975 (1979). In addition to her collections of essays, Flanner wrote a novel,

Dame Ivy Compton-Burnett: Men and Wives (1931) has at its centre another determined woman, one whose tyranny drives her son to murder her. Murder again appears in More Women Than Men (1933), this time by a woman bent on keeping her nephew under her domination. The tyrant is…

Bishop Blougram’s Apology: …published in the two-volume collection Men and Women (1855).

John Gray: In 1992 Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus was released and became a best seller. It was based on Gray’s premise that men and women have different emotional requirements and that a misunderstanding of the differences leads to the breakdown of relationships. The book’s lighthearted…

Antioch: …have held the temple of Men Ascaënus, the local Phrygian deity.

Sword of Honour, trilogy of novels by Evelyn Waugh, published originally as Men at Arms (1952), Officers and Gentlemen (1955), and Unconditional Surrender (1961; U.S. title, The End of the Battle). Waugh reworked the novels and published them collectively in one volume as Sword of Honour in 1965.

Charlie Sheen: Acting stardom in the 1980s and ’90s: …thriller Navy Seals, the comedy Men at Work (costarring Emilio, who wrote and directed the film), and the crime drama The Rookie (opposite Clint Eastwood, the film’s director). Sheen showed his gift for comedy in the popular Top Gun parody film Hot Shots! (1991) and its Rambo-inspired sequel, Hot Shots!…

Lewis Hine: …these photographs were published as Men at Work: Photographic Studies of Modern Men and Machines. Thereafter he documented a number of government projects.

David Cross: Mr. Show with Bob and David: …Stiller; and the action blockbusters Men in Black (1997) and its 2002 sequel. Cross’s credits from 2001 include Ghost World and Scary Movie 2. He also made guest appearances on various TV shows, including NewsRadio, Strangers with Candy, and Just Shoot Me!

Josh Brolin: Stardom: No Country for Old Men and Milk: …later appeared in the blockbuster Men in Black 3 (2012), cast as a younger version of actor Tommy Lee Jones’s character. Brolin’s uncanny impersonation of Jones drew widespread praise. He then had a memorable turn as detective Christian (“Bigfoot”) Bjornsen in Inherent Vice (2014), Paul Thomas Anderson’s adaptation of Thomas…

David Cross: Mr. Show with Bob and David: …in Black (1997) and its 2002 sequel. Cross’s credits from 2001 include Ghost World and Scary Movie 2. He also made guest appearances on various TV shows, including NewsRadio, Strangers with Candy, and Just Shoot Me!

Rebecca Ferguson: Stardom: The White Queen and the Mission: Impossible films: …in 2019, playing Riza in Men in Black: International, an action comedy starring Chris Hemsworth and Tessa Thompson. That year Ferguson also earned praise for her performance in Doctor Sleep. The horror film was based on Stephen King’s sequel to his 1977 classic The Shining.

Hannah Arendt: …Future (1961), On Revolution (1963), Men in Dark Times (1968), On Violence (1970), and Crises of the Republic (1972). Her unfinished manuscript The Life of the Mind was edited by her friend and correspondent Mary McCarthy and published in 1978. Responsibility and Judgment, published in 2003, collects essays and lectures…

Anthony Mann: The 1950s: westerns of Anthony Mann: …got back on track with Men in War (1957), a Korean War tale with Robert Ryan and Aldo Ray as a lieutenant and a sergeant, respectively, who must put aside their differences when they and their men are trapped behind enemy lines. The Tin Star (1957) used polar opposites Henry…

Group Theatre: …the production of Sidney Kingsley’s Men in White (1933), a melodrama of hospital interns. Directed by Strasberg and with settings by Mordecai Gorelik, the play ran close to a year and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for that season.

Richard Boleslavsky: In Men in White (1934) an idealistic young doctor (Clark Gable) is at loggerheads with his superficial society wife (Myrna Loy). Operator 13 (1934) was an American Civil War drama that centred on a Union spy (Marion Davies) disguised in blackface who falls for a Confederate…

Ray Romano: …later starred in the series Men of a Certain Age (2009–11), about a trio of male friends facing the challenges of middle age. Romano joined the cast of the television dramedy Parenthood in 2012 and continued with the series until it ended in 2015.

Gloria Naylor: …of her first book with The Men of Brewster Place.

Ahl-e Ḥaqq, (Arabic: “People of Truth,” or “People of God”), a secret, syncretistic religion, derived largely from Islām, whose adherents are found in western Iran, with enclaves in Iraq. They retain the 12 imams of the Ithnā ʿAsharīyah sect and such aspects of Islāmic mysticism as the communal

Men of Good Will, epic novel cycle by Jules Romains, published in French in 27 volumes as Les Hommes de bonne volonté between 1932 and 1946. The work was an attempt to re-create the spirit of a whole era of French society from Oct. 6, 1908, to Oct. 7, 1933. There is no central figure or family to

Miguel Ángel Asturias: In Hombres de maíz (1949; Men of Maize), the novel generally considered his masterpiece, Asturias depicts the seemingly irreversible wretchedness of the Indian peasant. Another aspect of that misery—the exploitation of Indians on the banana plantations—appears in the epic trilogy that comprises the novels Viento fuerte (1950; The Cyclone), El…

Eric Temple Bell: …his popular books, such as Men of Mathematics (1937) and Mathematics, Queen and Servant of Science (1951). He also wrote a history of Fermat’s last theorem, The Last Problem (1961). Although rather fanciful and not always historically accurate, these works, particularly Men of Mathematics, continue to attract a wide readership.…

Netherlands: Queen Wilhelmina and World War I: …“Men of the ’Eighties” (Tachtigers) brought to the fore an emphasis on aesthetic values and spirituality; and early in the 20th century, a literature of social protest reemerged.

Men Shen, in Chinese religion, the two door gods whose separate martial images are posted on respective halves of the double front door of private homes to guarantee protection from evil spirits (guei). One tradition reports that two Tang-dynasty generals stood guard at the imperial gates during a

12 Contemporary Black Authors You Must Read: Jesmyn Ward: …gained praise for her memoir Men We Reaped and the anthology The Fire This Time: A New Generation Speaks About Race, which she edited.

Remembering World War I: Thomas Hardy: Men Who March Away: Thomas Hardy was an established English novelist and poet when war broke out. At age 74, he was also a half-century older than many of the men who would fight and die on the Western Front. This poem, written in the…

Jeff Bridges: …starred with George Clooney in The Men Who Stare at Goats, a comedy that centres on a secret U.S. Army unit trained to use psychic powers. Later that year he appeared as a grizzled country musician in Crazy Heart, for which he received numerous accolades, including an Academy Award for…

John Sayles: …Secret of Roan Inish (1994); Men with Guns (1997); Limbo (1999); Sunshine State (2002); Casa de Los Babys (2003); Silver City (2004); and Honeydripper (2007).

William Wellman: Films of the late 1930s of William Wellman: …returned to the skies with Men with Wings (1938), a Technicolor account of the early days of aviation, written by Wellman and Carson.

Haruki Murakami: Works: …Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman (2006), Men Without Women (2017), and First Person Singular (2021) translate Murakami’s stories into English. His memoir, Hashiru koto ni tsuite kataru toki ni boku no kataru koto (2007; What I Talk About When I Talk About Running), centers on his love for marathon running.

Leonard Michaels: …Michaels published his first novel, The Men’s Club (filmed 1986), about a group of middle-aged men who tell each other anecdotes about their wives and lovers. Shuffle (1990) is a poignant book of memoirs of the author’s mother, father, and first wife, Sylvia, who committed suicide when their marriage fell…